568:
2136:
1844:
224:, Divas produce a range of flavoured and unflavoured fortified wines used as a substitute to traditional mixers such as vodka, triple sec and coconut rum. Alcohol levels vary by flavour, but tend to be between 20% and 22% alcohol by volume (40 to 44 proof). There is also a range of "Ready to Drink" (RTD) 330 mL pre-mixed cocktails in a four-pack, with a strength of 8% alcohol by volume.
36:
235:. MD 20/20 has an alcohol content that varies by flavor from 13% to 18%. Initially, 20/20 stood for 20 oz at 20% alcohol. Currently, MD 20/20 is sold neither in 20 oz bottles nor at 20% alcohol by volume. In the Central Belt of Scotland it is a very popular beverage, usually drunk from the bottle and often associated with antisocial behaviour.
93:
464:
and distilled-spirit drinkers than wine drinkers, because the raw materials were easier to come by. But fortified wine, or medicinal wine tonic—containing about 20 percent alcohol, which made it more like a distilled spirit than regular wine—was still available and became
America's number one wine.
269:
Wild
Russian Vanya was a fortified fruit wine vinted and bottled by the Seabord Beverage Co and sold in the southeastern American states (such as Georgia and Florida) during the late 1960s and early 1970s. It was referred to in commercials as WILD RUSSIAN VANYA, WHAT A WINE, and featured various
407:
was $ 1 per hour.) Gallo salesmen supposedly dropped empty
Thunderbird bottles in the streets of skid-row neighborhoods to build brand awareness among city "wino" populations. The wine became so popular among the indigent that Gallo recounted a story in which he encountered a wino drinking on a
431:
When the cork was drawn it was scarcely tinted, and was a very bad one—a thing of no good augury for the wine. There was no smell of port wine. The liquid, when tasted, gave the palate half-a-dozen sensations instead of one. There was a hot taste of spirits, a sweet taste, a fruity taste like
303:
Richards Wild Irish Rose was introduced in 1954 and, at its height, sold about two million cases annually. The brand is available in 13.9% and 18% alcohol by volume and comes in both "red" and "white" varieties. The red is described as tasting like "cheap cherry hard candy" and the white like
465:
Thunderbird and Wild Irish Rose, to name two examples, are fortified wines. American wine was soon more popular for its effect than its taste; in fact, the word wino came into use during the
Depression to describe those unfortunate souls who turned to fortified wine to forget their troubles.
495:
Community groups in Los
Angeles, San Francisco, Seattle, and Portland have urged makers of fortified wines such as Wild Irish Rose and E & J Gallo's Thunderbird and Night Train brands to pull their products from the shelves of liquor retailers in
338:(lower than modern table wines), it was originally marketed to "casual" drinkers. Due to its low price, it gained a negative reputation as a drink for destitute alcoholics. It was popular among young drinkers, both
349:
Night Train
Express, usually abbreviated to Night Train, typically contains 17.5% ABV. Night Train Express has been condemned by some civic leaders who think inexpensive high-alcohol content drinks contribute to
299:
eventually required the company to put labels on their bottles stating that Cisco is not a wine cooler, to change the shape and color of their containers, and to recall their advertising slogan "Takes you by
270:
flavors similar to competitor MD 20/20. It had 20% alcohol by volume. Advertising implied the wine was a
Russian import, but it was produced in the US. It went out of production in the late 1970s.
841:
532:
to prohibit the sale of certain alcohol products in an impoverished "Alcohol Impact Area". Among the products sought to be banned were over two dozen beers and six wines:
408:
sidewalk in
Atlanta, and upon asking him, "What's the word?", the man shouted "Thunderbird!" after which both laughed. Another salesman told of giving free samples to
510:
reporter Julie Hinds that police warned him to stop selling his biggest selling product, Wild Irish Rose, because it encouraged homeless people to linger in the area.
427:. The author, in prescribing inexpensive wines for several ills, cautions against the "fortified" wines of the day, describing one sample that he had tried:
662:
201:
areas, as well as
Falkirk, Fife, Edinburgh and the Lothians, but critics have blamed it for being a cause of social problems in Scotland. Some have
2070:
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An early reference to the problem of cheap and poorly made wines is in the "Report on Cheap Wines" in the 5 November 1864 issue of
291:). It has a syrupy consistency and a sweet taste. Because of its original color and bottle shape, it was frequently mistaken for a
445:
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It is reported, however, that the popularity of cheap, fortified wines in the United States arose in the 1930s as a product of
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packets next to the wine, which patrons would purchase to mix with the port and produce their desired flavor. A 1957
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where it was produced) was a Soviet brand of low-end fortified wine produced using ingredients sourced from
57:
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548:. The Liquor Control Board approved these restrictions on 30 August 2006. Two other cities in Washington,
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by the 1990s, the appeal of cheap fortified wines to the poor and homeless has often raised concerns:
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920:"What's the Word? Thunderbird! The strange and unnatural history of America's favorite wine"
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383:. Ernest Gallo ordered the development of the wine upon discovering that inexpensive white
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1937:
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is a fortified wine with varieties selling at 13.9%, 17.5%, and 19.5% alcohol by volume (
217:
343:
115:(ABV). They are made from various fruits (including grapes and citrus fruits) with added
205:
it "Wreck the Hoose Juice". It also enjoys strong popularity and near cult-following in
17:
2011:
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403:? 'Bird's alive / What's the price? Thirty twice." (i.e. 60 cents, at a time when the
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proclaimed: "What's the word? Thunderbird / How's it sold? Good and cold / What's the
2160:
2036:
1945:
1751:
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1423:
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953:
556:, also followed suit in instituting "Alcohol Impact Areas", after Seattle's example.
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is a tonic wine with added alcohol, caffeine, and sugar, produced under license from
1822:
1413:
1351:
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MD 20/20 (often called by its nickname Mad Dog) is an
American fortified wine. The
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730:"Viral picture shows shocking fact you (probably) didn't know about MD 20/20"
364:, after which he holds his head and refers to it as a "mean wine". The song "
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685:"BBC News Magazine – Binge drinking – the Benedictine connection"
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neighborhoods, where shopkeepers would display lemon juice bottles and
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64:. Statements consisting only of original research should be removed.
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Ripple was a fortified and carbonated wine that was popular in the
92:
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While overtaken somewhat in the low-end alcoholic drink market by
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Three popular brands in this category have been produced by the
216:
Divas Vkat (originally Vodkat). Made in the Riverina region of
1874:
1111:
1092:
819:"Canandaigua Wine Co. Agrees To Advertising, Packaging Changes"
288:
29:
1870:
440:. It was a strong, unwholesome liquor, purchased very dearly.
262:
and for inducing vomiting. Its production was canceled after
143:) was a colloquial name for cheap fortified wines, named '
111:
that typically has an alcohol content between 13% and 20%
209:, often referred to simply as "Bucky" and in some cases "
757:"Vodka vs. Fortified Wine in Russia: Retrospective View"
1107:
317:
and were a large part of that company's early success.
173:. It is particularly popular along the central belt of
53:
1008:. London, J. & A. Churchill: 547. 5 November 1864.
838:"Drinking the Bottom Shelf: Richards Wild Irish Rose"
517:
Encyclopedia of Consumer Brands: Consumable Products
2079:
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1987:
1969:
1936:
1908:
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805:
Official Gazette of the United States Patent Office
887:"Dead End Drinks | Modern Drunkard Magazine"
342:and college students. It was later replaced with
324:, particularly in the 1970s (and made famous by
493:
454:
429:
358:. A full bottle was consumed by Joliet Jake in
1886:
1123:
8:
1021:"City could soon widen alcohol impact areas"
755:Jargin, Sergei V. (September–October 2015).
1076:"Spokane Alcohol Impact Area Press Release"
1038:Alcohol Impact Area Information and Updates
1893:
1879:
1871:
1376:
1130:
1116:
1108:
1089:
1058:"Tacoma Alcohol Impact Area Press Release"
780:
80:Learn how and when to remove this message
711:"Divas Beverages | Divas Beverages"
379:), a flavored, fortified wine of 13–18%
258:" and infamous for many severe cases of
2071:Clarification and stabilization of wine
913:
911:
909:
907:
651:. Transaction Publishers. p. 323.
637:
273:Two notable brands are produced by the
691:from the original on 14 September 2007
266:'s anti-alcohol laws came into effect.
930:from the original on 16 December 2019
844:from the original on 17 December 2019
736:from the original on 17 December 2019
530:Washington State Liquor Control Board
7:
807:. September 10, 1963. p. TM 88.
713:. November 14, 2015. Archived from
683:Heald, Claire (26 September 2006).
536:, Gino's Premium Blend, MD 20/20,
387:was popular in the inner city and
25:
1155:Annual growth cycle of grapevines
1019:Hector Castro (7 December 2005).
475:Kevin Zraly's American Wine Guide
372:also pays tribute to this spirit.
2134:
1842:
566:
436:, and an unmistakable flavor of
304:"crunchy milk and fake vanilla".
34:
1078:(Press release). Archived from
893:from the original on 2020-06-14
665:from the original on 2024-06-01
27:Category of alcoholic beverages
504:, one liquor store owner told
1:
2097:Glossary of viticulture terms
1006:The Medical Times and Gazette
425:The Medical Times and Gazette
412:and newly released prisoners.
151:,' that were produced in the
2102:Glossary of winemaking terms
870:. Epicurious. Archived from
483:Concerns and media attention
246:, named after a town on the
648:Encyclopedia of Soviet life
60:the claims made and adding
2193:
2022:Yeast assimilable nitrogen
1047:, City of Seattle website.
1025:Seattle Post-Intelligencer
977:Bunny and Coco Get Smashed
868:The Wine Lover's Companion
728:staff (January 23, 2018).
507:Nashville Business Journal
2172:Premixed alcoholic drinks
2130:
2112:History of the wine press
2002:Sparkling wine production
1836:
1105:
990:– via Google Books.
456:Prohibition produced the
243:
231:stands for its producer,
140:
2107:Wine tasting descriptors
1828:Wine tasting descriptors
1757:Phenolic content in wine
1649:Alternative wine closure
1233:Great French Wine Blight
924:Modern Drunkard Magazine
864:"E & J Gallo Winery"
489:sweetened malt beverages
334:). Possessing a low 11%
297:Federal Trade Commission
123:, and artificial color.
18:Flavored fortified wines
1997:Malolactic fermentation
1002:"Report on Cheap Wines"
528:City Council asked the
101:Flavored fortified wine
761:Alcohol and Alcoholism
522:
480:
442:
315:E & J Gallo Winery
254:. It was marketed as "
97:
1798:Wine and food pairing
821:. FTC. Archived from
773:10.1093/alcalc/agv034
275:Centerra Wine Company
169:monastery located in
95:
1449:Muscat of Alexandria
825:on October 18, 2007.
502:Nashville, Tennessee
405:federal minimum wage
377:The American Classic
279:Constellation Brands
2027:Yeast in winemaking
1979:Carbonic maceration
885:Rich, Frank Kelly.
840:. seriouseats.com.
587:Buckfast Tonic Wine
159:Buckfast Tonic Wine
2017:Traditional method
1818:Wine personalities
1522:Cabernet Sauvignon
1043:2013-10-12 at the
980:. Bunny Ultramod.
515:Janice Jorgensen,
460:and fostered more
361:The Blues Brothers
356:public drunkenness
98:
45:possibly contains
2154:
2153:
2148:
2147:
1918:Late harvest wine
1868:
1867:
1605:
1604:
1502:Alicante Bouschet
1250:Judgment of Paris
264:Mikhail Gorbachev
260:alcohol poisoning
121:artificial flavor
113:alcohol by volume
90:
89:
82:
47:original research
16:(Redirected from
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2177:Wine terminology
2139:
2138:
1895:
1888:
1881:
1872:
1847:
1846:
1762:Proteins in wine
1429:Grüner Veltliner
1377:
1132:
1125:
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1066:
1065:
1060:. Archived from
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1016:
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1009:
998:
992:
991:
972:
966:
965:
963:
961:
956:on June 18, 2010
952:. Archived from
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732:. scotsman.com.
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458:Roaring Twenties
450:Great Depression
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207:Northern Ireland
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96:MD 20/20 bottles
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62:inline citations
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1946:Deacidification
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1849:Wine portal
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546:Wild Irish Rose
521:
519:(1993), p. 492.
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485:
479:
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421:
368:" by rock band
331:Sanford and Son
326:Fred G. Sanford
277:(a division of
218:New South Wales
129:
107:is inexpensive
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1484:Welschriesling
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1206:Ancient Greece
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1082:on 2012-03-20.
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1064:on 2012-03-20.
1049:
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993:
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967:
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877:
874:on 2007-06-10.
855:
836:Gordon, Will.
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767:(5): 624–625.
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717:on 2015-11-14.
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477:(2006), p. 38.
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171:Devon, England
167:Roman Catholic
163:Buckfast Abbey
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109:fortified wine
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2103:
2100:
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2028:
2025:
2023:
2020:
2018:
2015:
2013:
2010:
2008:
2005:
2003:
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1998:
1995:
1994:
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1990:
1986:
1980:
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1968:
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1911:
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1896:
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1765:
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1760:
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1755:
1753:
1752:Acids in wine
1750:
1748:
1747:Aroma of wine
1745:
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1740:
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1612:
1611:Major regions
1608:
1598:
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1573:
1570:
1568:
1567:Montepulciano
1565:
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1034:
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987:9781458024664
983:
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925:
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918:Dent, Bryan.
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800:
797:
792:
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778:
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770:
766:
762:
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751:
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735:
731:
724:
721:
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712:
706:
703:
690:
686:
679:
676:
664:
660:
658:9781412822565
654:
650:
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623:
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579:
575:
569:
564:
559:
557:
555:
551:
547:
543:
539:
535:
531:
527:
524:In 2005, the
518:
511:
509:
508:
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499:
492:
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482:
476:
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466:
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453:
451:
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439:
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428:
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390:
386:
382:
378:
375:Thunderbird (
374:
371:
370:Guns N' Roses
367:
363:
362:
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353:
348:
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341:
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333:
332:
327:
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322:United States
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196:
192:
188:
187:East Kilbride
184:
180:
177:, especially
176:
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154:
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138:
134:
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118:
114:
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106:
102:
94:
84:
81:
73:
63:
59:
55:
49:
48:
43:This article
41:
32:
31:
19:
2132:
1989:Fermentation
1840:
1823:Wine tasting
1444:Muscat blanc
1414:Chenin blanc
1211:Ancient Rome
1080:the original
1070:
1062:the original
1052:
1033:
1024:
1014:
1005:
996:
976:
970:
958:. Retrieved
954:the original
944:
932:. Retrieved
923:
895:. Retrieved
880:
872:the original
867:
858:
846:. Retrieved
831:
823:the original
813:
804:
799:
764:
760:
750:
738:. Retrieved
723:
715:the original
705:
693:. Retrieved
678:
667:. Retrieved
647:
640:
523:
516:
505:
494:
486:
474:
455:
443:
430:
424:
422:
397:radio jingle
376:
359:
344:Boone's Farm
329:
309:
238:Solntsedar (
228:
153:Soviet Union
104:
100:
99:
76:
67:
44:
2092:Wine bottle
2064:Other steps
2055:Wine cellar
2012:Süssreserve
1704:Wine cellar
1694:Wine bottle
1635:accessories
1633:Packaging,
1592:Tempranillo
1221:Noah's wine
1201:Phoenicians
1147:Viticulture
934:16 December
848:17 December
740:17 December
612:Malt liquor
592:Ginger wine
574:wine portal
542:Thunderbird
538:Night Train
471:Kevin Zraly
446:Prohibition
293:wine cooler
233:Mogen David
213:Champagne".
199:Strathclyde
2161:Categories
1971:Maceration
1961:Wine press
1951:Destemming
1902:Winemaking
1808:Wine fraud
1803:Wine fault
1788:Oenophilia
1724:Wine label
1719:Wine glass
1684:Port tongs
1582:Sangiovese
1577:Pinot noir
1537:Douce noir
1464:Rkatsiteli
1409:Chardonnay
1399:Catarratto
1373:by acreage
1347:Biodynamic
1310:Aromatized
1099:winemaking
960:28 January
897:2020-07-04
669:2009-04-04
633:References
500:areas. In
438:Roussillon
410:alcoholics
300:surprise".
197:and other
195:Coatbridge
145:port wines
133:Bormotukha
105:tonic wine
54:improve it
1923:Noble rot
1813:Winemaker
1793:Sommelier
1729:Wine rack
1709:Wine cork
1699:Wine cave
1689:Screw cap
1659:Corkscrew
1624:New World
1619:Old World
1597:Zinfandel
1572:Mourvèdre
1479:Trebbiano
1419:Colombard
1320:Noble rot
1300:Fortified
1278:Sparkling
1245:New World
385:port wine
366:Nightrain
256:port wine
248:Black Sea
244:Солнцедар
222:Australia
203:nicknamed
149:vermouths
141:бормотуха
70:July 2024
58:verifying
1938:Pressing
1860:Glossary
1776:Industry
1669:Jug wine
1664:Decanter
1654:Box wine
1552:Isabella
1547:Grenache
1527:Carignan
1474:Sémillon
1459:Riesling
1454:Palomino
1197:Ancient
1180:Vineyard
1175:Veraison
1160:Oenology
1041:Archived
928:Archived
891:Archived
842:Archived
791:22330211
734:Archived
689:Archived
663:Archived
627:Scotsmac
617:Muscatel
607:Jug wine
597:Ice beer
560:See also
513:—
498:skid row
468:—
448:and the
393:Kool-Aid
389:skid row
352:vagrancy
340:underage
191:Hamilton
175:Scotland
2122:Terroir
2080:Related
1928:Vintage
1910:Harvest
1855:Outline
1679:Muselet
1641:storage
1532:Cinsaut
1507:Barbera
1434:Macabeo
1394:Aligoté
1352:Organic
1342:Natural
1295:Dessert
1240:Georgia
1190:History
1170:Terroir
1165:Species
782:3307043
695:17 June
554:Spokane
526:Seattle
434:damsons
419:History
252:Algeria
240:Russian
183:Faifley
179:Glasgow
137:Russian
52:Please
2087:Winery
2050:Solera
1674:Kvevri
1562:Merlot
1557:Malbec
1357:Kosher
1333:Other
1288:Orange
1261:Styles
1228:France
984:
789:
779:
655:
622:Rotgut
550:Tacoma
544:, and
295:. The
211:Lurgan
147:' or '
127:Brands
2037:Aging
1587:Syrah
1542:Gamay
1512:Bobal
1424:Glera
1389:Airén
1381:White
1337:Table
1325:Straw
1315:Fruit
1273:White
1216:China
1095:Wines
950:"AEP"
602:Jabol
534:Cisco
285:Cisco
117:sugar
1639:and
1368:Top
1283:Rosé
1139:Wine
1097:and
982:ISBN
962:2010
936:2019
850:2019
787:PMID
742:2019
697:2010
653:ISBN
552:and
462:beer
401:jive
354:and
165:, a
2045:Oak
1494:Red
1305:Ice
1268:Red
777:PMC
769:doi
381:ABV
336:ABV
328:of
289:ABV
281:).
229:MD
103:or
56:by
2163::
1023:.
1004:.
926:.
922:.
906:^
889:.
866:.
785:.
775:.
765:50
763:.
759:.
687:.
661:.
540:,
473:,
452::
242::
220:,
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189:,
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1027:.
964:.
938:.
900:.
852:.
793:.
771::
744:.
699:.
672:.
346:.
155:.
135:(
83:)
77:(
72:)
68:(
50:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
