Floriculture - Knowledge (XXG)

544: 43: 768:. Yet, it's likely that Chinese, Korean and Japanese plantsmen had a good understanding based on their years of experience. The occurrence of this physiological response and the reasons for it have been the subject of many experiments at universities and in industry. Poinsettias are another short day plant with importance to flower growers. These and additional experiments and experience have shown that temperature has an impact on the photoperiodic response. Many cut flower and bedding plant species respond to long day or short day treatments for faster flowering. The use of lighting treatments to extend the day and black cloth treatments to shorten the day are important additions to floriculture to increase the efficiency of plant production. 404: 802:

system. As US greenhouses began to expand the bedding plant business in the 1950s and 1960s, they needed smaller containers for the logistical aspects of plant spacing and shipping. Vacuum formed plastic trays and packs offered the smaller sizes but composted field soil was easy to overwater in the smaller containers. The first step was to add peat moss and perlite to the field soil in a 1:1:1 ratio. The next step was to use other materials, sphagnum moss peat and vermiculite, in a 1:1 ratio, the Cornell peat-lite mix. In the 1970s, more materials were used for

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to optimize flower production. Floriculture moved to growing media and inorganic fertilizer products in the 1950s and 1960s as container production became more important. This move was supported by hydroponic research more than soil science research. The "soil-less" nature of hydroponics was more similar to the "soil-less" nature of growing media.

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to improve. Advancements with fluorescent lamps and industrial lamps (mercury vapor, high pressure sodium, low pressure sodium, etc.) led to improved plant production for geraniums, roses and other crops. In the following decades, artificial lighting became standard practice in Europe, North America and Japan.

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Flower crops were grown in field soil like all horticultural and agricultural crops. Nutrients important to the flowers were held in the soil matrix and supplemented with additions of organic matter and animal manure. These organic additions were labor-intensive and inconsistent, reducing the ability

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began as a way to save orchid embryos as orchid fanciers bred new cultivars. Most horticulture and many botany programs in the world had scientists working on plant propagation through tissue culture techniques from the 1950s to the 1980s. These programs expanded the knowledge base on a wide range of

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Supplemental lighting for flower crops began with photoperiod treatments and interest expanded to determine whether artificial light from electric lamps could substitute for sunlight during winter conditions. Incandescent lamps were not successful, so floriculture had to wait for lighting technology

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of various kinds have been used in the culture of plants for a long time. Field soil or garden soil possibly with an addition of organic matter (compost) was placed in the container or pot and a plant was added followed by regular watering. It was simple but required experience and a watchful eye to

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The harvest and use of peat for growing media remains an environmental issue in North America and Europe. Alternative and more sustainable materials continue to be added to growing media processing - pine bark, processed pine bark, coco coir, wood fiber, etc. Sustainable solutions for growing media

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have been cultivated in China for over 3000 years, so growers knew about the plant and how to grow it. Floriculture scientists have simply continued this trend to control the plant's environment to control flowering for the significant dates when humans want flowers for celebrations and gatherings.

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Flowers are an important part of human society that are often used at times of joy and sadness, and as a part of everyday life. Flowers and plants may be indoors in a sunny window, as part of the landscape in the front yard or on the patio or deck in the back yard. People have been studying flowers

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Most people don't recognize that this success was tied to a relatively deep pot, usually 6-10 inches (15–25 cm) deep or larger. Gravity was sufficient to pull or drain water from the soil so an adequate portion of the soil in the pot was well drained and oxygen would be available to the root

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were heat treated to allow the identification and removal of many viruses, virus-indexed. As viruses were removed, many horticultural characteristics of the many cultivars disappeared; this led plant breeders to leave many viruses in breeding lines for future cultivars. Heat treatment of tissue

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Thompson, D. A., Lehmler, H. J., Kolpin, D. W., Hladik, M. L., Vargo, J. D., Schilling, K. E., ... & Field, R. W. (2020). A critical review on the potential impacts of neonicotinoid insecticide use: current knowledge of environmental fate, toxicity, and implications for human health.

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by the companies formed to process and distribute growing media to operations across the country. The physical properties of all the products had to be evaluated on a standard basis to make wise choices with economic decisions the operations were making. As plug (young plant) production,

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taxa and allowed industry to find the connection to commercial production. Plant tissue culture allowed new, unique phenotypes and genotypes to be propagated in large numbers quickly. Many cultivars of foliage plants are available only from tissue culture. Uniquely, tissue cultured

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The introduction of light emitting diode (LED) lamps offered more opportunities for supplemental lighting. These lamps were more efficient at light production, cooler and allowed the manipulation of light quality from different wavelengths of light compared to other lamps.

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The impact of certain pesticides, neonics, on bees and other pollinators has become a significant concern. The application of these pesticides on garden flowers during greenhouse production can have a major impact on pollinator populations in a consumer's garden.

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Floriculture Market 2022. Size, Share, Growth. Trends, Recent Developments, Company Profiles, Key Suppliers, Production Capacity, Revenue & Gross Margin, Market Drivers, Opportunities, Challenges and Forecast 2028. Market Reports World. April 04, 2022 07:48

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mechanization of seed germination and mechanization of transplanting, began in the 1980s more work was necessary to manage the small volume of growing media in plug trays. Research continues of all aspects of growing media and container design.

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Higuchi, Y., Sumitomo, K., Oda, A., Shimizu, H., & Hisamatsu, T. (2012). Day light quality affects the night-break response in the short-day plant chrysanthemum, suggesting differential phytochrome-mediated regulation of flowering.

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Pereira, P., Parente, C., Carvalho, G., Torres, J., Meire, R., Dorneles, P., Malm, O. (2021) A review on pesticides in flower production: A push to reduce human exposure and environmental contamination. Environmental Pollution, Volume

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Kobori, M. M. R. G., da Costa Mello, S., de Freitas, I. S., Silveira, F. F., Alves, M. C., & Azevedo, R. A. (2022). Supplemental light with different blue and red ratios in the physiology, yield and quality of Impatiens.

187:, robotic seed, transplant and container handling, supplemental photosynthetic lighting - is necessary to produce these plants efficiently for the world-wide markets. Some are irrigated manually, but most are irrigated with 1448:

Toumi, K., Vleminckx, C., Van Loco, J., Schiffers, B. 2016. Pesticide Residues on Three Cut Flower Species and Potential Exposure of Florists in Belgium.International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health

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Randall, W. C., & Lopez, R. G. (2015). Comparison of bedding plant seedlings grown under sole-source light-emitting diodes (LEDs) and greenhouse supplemental lighting from LEDs and high-pressure sodium lamps.

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Withrow, R.B. and H.M. Benedict. 1936. Photoperiodic responses of certain greenhouse annuals as influenced by intensity and wavelength of artificial light used to lengthen the daylight period. Plant Physiol.

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Lee, M.J., Seo, H.S., Min, S.Y., Lee, J., Park, S., Jeon, J.B., Kim, J. and Oh, W., 2021. Effects of supplemental lighting with high-pressure sodium or plasma lamps on quality and yield of cut roses.

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Kjaer, K. H., Ottosen, C. O., & Jørgensen, B. N. (2012). Timing growth and development of Campanula by daily light integral and supplemental light level in a cost-efficient light control system.

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Pesticide residues remain a significant issue for floriculture crops. Many countries have limited controls on pesticide usage but flower handlers and consumers could be contaminated by the residue.

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Potts, S. G., Imperatriz-Fonseca, V., Ngo, H. T., Aizen, M. A., Biesmeijer, J. C., Breeze, T. D., ... & Vanbergen, A. J. (2016). Safeguarding pollinators and their values to human well-being.

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Gallegos, J., Álvaro, J. E., & Urrestarazu, M. (2020). Container Design Affects Shoot and Root Growth of Vegetable Plant. HortScience horts, 55(6), 787-794. Retrieved Jul 22, 2023, from

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The total wholesale value of sales across all U.S. floriculture crops totaled US$ 6.69 billion in 2022 from 8,951 floriculture producers with a production area of 833 million square feet.

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Tissue culture as a plant production system for horticultural crops: Conference on Tissue Culture as a Plant Production System for Horticultural Crops, Beltsville, MD, October 20–23, 1985

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Cathey, H. M., & Campbell, L. E. (1979). Relative Efficiency of High-and Low-pressure Sodium and Incandescent Filament Lamps Used to Supplement Natural Winter Light in Greenhouses1.

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Erwin, J. E., & Warner, R. M. (2000, November). Determination of photoperiodic response group and effect of supplemental irradiance on flowering of several bedding plant species. In

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Werner, H. O. (1942). Relation of length of photoperiod and intensity of supplemental light to the production of flowers and berries in the greenhouse by several varieties of potatoes.

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Garner, W. and H. Allard. 1920. Effect of the relative length of day and night and other factors of the environment on growth and reproduction in plants. Jour. Agr. Res. 18:553-606.

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Barrett, G. E., Alexander, P. D., Robinson, J. S., & Bragg, N. C. (2016). Achieving environmentally sustainable growing media for soilless plant cultivation systems–A review.

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Messelink, G. J., & Janssen, A. (2014). Increased control of thrips and aphids in greenhouses with two species of generalist predatory bugs involved in intraguild predation.

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and plants and their interaction with humans and how to produce these flowers and plants so all humans can enjoy them. Floriculture scientists throughout the world do this work.

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Oh, W., Runkle, E. S., & Warner, R. M. (2010). Timing and duration of supplemental lighting during the seedling stage influence quality and flowering in petunia and pansy.

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Oh, W., Cheon, I. H., Kim, K. S., & Runkle, E. S. (2009). Photosynthetic daily light integral influences flowering time and crop characteristics of Cyclamen persicum.

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have moved to a specific climate, typically in the mountains of South America, Africa and China, so certain plants can be grown year around where hand labor is available.

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Protected horticulture (greenhouses) has developed simultaneously with the continued changes in the flower crops and markets. Floriculture is a major component of

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greenhouses. For years, flowers were grown, seasonally for the specific crop, close to the market in Europe, North America and Asia. However, many crops of the

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Spall, C. E., & Lopez, R. G. (2023). Supplemental Lighting Quality Influences Time to Flower and Finished Quality of Three Long-Day Specialty Cut Flowers.

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Mitchell, C. A., Both, A. J., Bourget, C. M., Burr, J. F., Kubota, C., Lopez, R. G., ... & Runkle, E. S. (2012). LEDs: The future of greenhouse lighting!.

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Jeong, S.W., Hogewoning, S.W. and van Ieperen, W., 2014. Responses of supplemental blue light on flowering and stem extension growth of cut chrysanthemum.

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Lee, B. J., Won, M. K., Choi, W. C., Yang, E. S., Lee, J. S., & Atherton, J. G. (2004). Floral development of chrysanthemum influenced by photoperiod.

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2022 Commercial Floriculture Survey NASS's Quick Stats. National Agricultural Statistics Service. United States Department of Agriculture. 05/31/2023.

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Moe, R., Grimstad, S. O., & Gislerod, H. R. (2005, June). The use of artificial light in year round production of greenhouse crops in Norway. In

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Carpenter, W. J., & Rodriguez, R. C. (1971). Earlier Flowering of Geranium cv. Carefree Scarlet by High Intensity Supplemental Light Treatment1.

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Bilderback, T. E., & Fonteno, W. C. (1987). Effects of container geometry and media physical properties on air and water volumes in containers.

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Faust, J. E., Holcombe, V., Rajapakse, N. C., & Layne, D. R. (2005). The effect of daily light integral on bedding plant growth and flowering.

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Harshitha, H. M., Chandrashekar, S. Y., & Harishkumar, K. (2021). Photoperiod manipulation in flowers and ornamentals for perpetual flowering.

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Research continues on biological control of greenhouse insect, mite and plant pathogens to reduce pesticide use in floriculture crop production.

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Armitage, A. M., & Tsujita, M. J. (1979). Supplemental lighting and nitrogen nutrition effects on yield and quality of Forever Yours roses.

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Di Benedetto, A. H., & Klasman, R. (2004). The effect of plug cell volume on the post-transplant growth for Impatiens walleriana pot plant.

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Fonteno, W. C., Cassel, D. K., & Larson, R. A. (1981). Physical Properties of Three Container Media and their Effect on Poinsettia Growth1.

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Flower crops are grown in simple to highly sophisticated ways. These crops can be grown in soil in farm fields or in field soil in inexpensive

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García-Gonzáles, R., Quiroz, K., Carrasco, B., & Caligari, P. (2010). Plant tissue culture: Current status, opportunities and challenges.

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and is forecast to be a readjusted size of US$ 58030 million by 2028 with a compound annual growth rate of 2.5% during the review period.

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found throughout the world. Efficient production practices have been developed over the years, for the hundreds of plant taxa used in the

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Eveleens, B., van Winkel, A., & Blok, C. (2021, August). Wood fiber in pot plant culture; peat replacement up to 50% in volume?. In

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Faust, J. E., & Logan, J. (2018). Daily light integral: A research review and high-resolution maps of the United States.

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In Proceedings of the Sixth Middle East Conference on Global Business, Economics, Finance and Banking (ME17Dubai Conference)

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Chris Beytes (Editor). 2021. Ball RedBook: Greenhouse Structures, Equipment, and Technology 19th Edition. Ball Publishing.

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Work was completed to standardize a plant's need for light (radiant energy) from natural and artificial sources. The term

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Kitir, N., Yildirim, E., Şahin, Ü., Turan, M., Ekinci, M., Ors, S., ... & Ünlü, H. (2018). Peat use in horticulture.

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Van Rijswick C. World floriculture map 2015. Gearing Up for Stronger Competition, Rabobank Industry Note. 2015 Jan(475).

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Supplemental lighting has been used to optimize production of seedlings, bedding plants, cut flowers and other crops.

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Alden, M., & Faust, J. E. (2021). Unravelling the role of temperature and photoperiod on poinsettia heat delay.

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Specialty cut flowers. The production of annuals, perennials, bulbs and woody plants for fresh and dried cut flowers

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was introduced as a measurement of the optimal amount of radiant energy each plant requires for optimal growth.

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II International Symposium on Growing Media, Soilless Cultivation, and Compost Utilization in Horticulture 1317

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Popham, R. A., & Chan, A. P. (1952). Origin and development of the receptacle of Chrysanthemum morifolium.

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culture of many taxa has since been used to remove bacteria and virus pathogens in various floriculture crops.

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https://www.researchgate.net/publication/295862115_Diversification_Through_Floriculture_in_Kashmir_Valley

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van Lenteren, J. C. (2007). Biological control for insect pests in greenhouses: an unexpected success.

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Chrysanthemum was one of the plants used in experiments that led to the definitions of photoperiod and

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Plant enthusiasts and growers learned significant details about growing certain plants over the years.

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in a greenhouse. Protected cultivation is often used because these plants have a high value to humans.

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Sheldrake Jr, R., & Boodley, J. W. (1965, May). Plant growing in lightweight artificial mixes. In

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Parker, M. W., Borthwick, H. A., & Rappleye, L. E. (1950). Photoperiodic responses of poinsettia.

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Gamborg, O. L., Murashige, T., Thorpe, T. A., & Vasil, I. K. (1976). Plant tissue culture media.

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H. Chris Wien. Floral Crop Production in High Tunnels. HortTechnology Jan 2009 19(1): 56-60

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Discipline of horticulture concerned with the cultivation of flowering and ornamental plants

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Boodley, J. W., & Sheldrake, R. (1972). Cornell peat-lite mixes for commercial growing.

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Griffith, L. P. (1998). Tropical Foliage Plants: A Grower's Guide. United States: Ball Pub.

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for human enjoyment in human environments. It is a commercially successful branch of

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Control of pests and weeds by natural enemies: an introduction to biological control

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is the study of the efficient production of the plants that produce showy, colorful

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Adams, S. R., & Langton, F. A. (2005). Photoperiod and plant growth: a review.

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Oglevee-O'Donovan, W. (1986). Production of culture virus-indexed geraniums. In

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Plant propagation has always been a part of flower and plant gardening. Plant

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and selection have produced tens of thousands of new genotypes for human use.

35: 17: 1915: 1365: 941: 4137: 4034: 3763: 3568: 3549: 3460: 3384: 3256: 3197: 3177: 3116: 2942: 2905: 2852: 2832: 2827: 2485: 1971: 1958: 1950: 508: 445: 102: 30: 4179: 4169: 4113: 4108: 3875: 3748: 3724: 3641: 3311: 3096: 2801: 2728: 2656: 2393: 2268: 2058: 1846: 962:

Harisha, BN (Oct 2017). "An economic analysis of floriculture in India".

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V International Symposium on Artificial Lighting in Horticulture 711

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USDA - National Agricultural Statistics Service Floriculture Crops

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Ramaley, F. (1934). Influence of supplemental light on blooming.

153:). These plants are produced in ground beds, flower fields or in 3892: 3887: 3539: 3379: 3354: 3349: 3333: 3304: 3192: 2612: 2227: 94: 62: 3025: 1919: 1857:

North Carolina State University Floriculture Information Center

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Biological control: a global perspective. CAB Int, Wallingford

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The global Floriculture market size is estimated to be worth

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Peat; Topcuoglu, B., Turan, M., Eds.; IntechOpen: London, UK

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Greenhouses: Advanced Technology for Protected Horticulture

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International Journal of Agriculture and Natural Resources

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Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science

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Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science

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Thorpe, T. A. (2007). History of plant tissue culture.

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The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology

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shows some of the diversity of floricultural plants

1392:"The Latest on Growing Media Research Jan 1, 2022" 1278:(pp. 119-123). Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands. 1488:Environmental Science: Processes & Impacts 3037: 1931: 853:Plant nutrition, water quality and irrigation 179:, automated environmental control, automated 8: 4143:International Association for Plant Taxonomy 2807:List of organic gardening and farming topics 1404:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 1289:Symposium on Vegetable Growing under Glass 4 1533:Van Driesche, R., & Hoddle, M. (2009). 46:Flower seedlings sold at a local market in 3244: 3044: 3030: 3022: 1938: 1924: 1916: 1115:HORTICULTURE ENVIRONMENT and BIOTECHNOLOGY 1049:Visitor Team at Manchester Museum (2020). 1345:European Journal of Horticultural Science 907:Dole, John M; Wilkins, Harold F. (2004). 4087:International Code of Nomenclature (ICN) 1884:) is being considered for deletion. See 1001:Advanced Series in Agricultural Sciences 884: 675: 600: 589:Cucumber transplants ready for shipment 539: 461: 382: 305: 228: 199:can be used for many cut flower crops. 1397: 772:Plant tissue culture, micropropagation 1311:Journal of Environmental Horticulture 7: 2992: 1633:Horticultural Science and Technology 1016: 1014: 975: 973: 909:Floriculture: Principles and Species 564:High density seedlings, young plants 3004: 926:. United States: Elsevier Science. 536:Propagative Floriculture Materials 454:Foliage Plants, Indoor/Patio Use ( 173:controlled-environment agriculture 105:are flowers of commercial demand. 25: 4092:ICN for Cultivated Plants (ICNCP) 1888:to help reach a consensus. › 1599:Canadian Journal of Plant Science 4255: 4254: 3003: 2991: 2980: 2979: 2967: 1902:"Fruit and Flower Farming" 1852:California Cut Flower Commission 1548:Journal of Agricultural Research 729: 712: 695: 678: 654: 637: 620: 603: 582: 570: 556: 550:Young plants from tissue culture 542: 517: 499: 481: 464: 436: 419: 402: 385: 359: 342: 325: 308: 282: 265: 248: 231: 610:Hybrid tea rose 'Lady Diana' - 1891:Cut Flowers and Greens Growers 1: 4133:History of plant systematics 3720:Thorns, spines, and prickles 924:Introduction to Floriculture 790:Containers and growing media 224:Annual Bedding/Garden Plants 2838:Index of pesticide articles 1098:Journal of plant physiology 378:Herbaceous Perennial Plants 349:Poinsettia 'Premium Red' - 4307: 3949:Alternation of generations 1982:Climate-friendly gardening 1084:American Journal of Botany 892:Armitage, Allan M (1993). 840:daily light integral (DLI) 335:Chrysanthemum x morifolium 238:Double flowered petunia - 4250: 4099:Cultivated plant taxonomy 4062:Biological classification 3059: 2961: 2858:Plant disease forecasting 2812:Vegan organic agriculture 2662:Genetically modified tree 747:Floriculture advancements 577:Transplants in greenhouse 209:US$ 50040 million in 2022 3959:Evolutionary development 1886:templates for discussion 1537:. John Wiley & Sons. 1366:10.21273/HORTSCI14954-20 942:10.21273/HORTSCI.19.1.56 911:(2nd ed.). Pearson. 255:Geranium 'Multibloom' - 3610:Hypanthium (Floral cup) 1908:Encyclopædia Britannica 1216:Molecular biotechnology 301:Potted Flowering Plants 203:Floriculture value 2022 151:flowering potted plants 4225:by author abbreviation 4149:Plant taxonomy systems 4067:Botanical nomenclature 2797:Biodynamic agriculture 2734:Postharvest physiology 2682:Landscape architecture 2379:Indonesian home garden 1911:(11th ed.). 1911. 1766:Scientia Horticulturae 1748:Scientia Horticulturae 1731:Chronica Horticulturae 1680:Scientia Horticulturae 1433:Scientia horticulturae 922:Larson, Roy A (2013). 873:Floriculture in Taiwan 868:Floriculture in Canada 798:prevent overwatering. 258:Pelargonium x hortorum 51: 39: 4232:Botanical expeditions 2044:Historic conservation 1847:University of Florida 997:Greenhouse Management 980:Hanan, Joe J (2017). 830:Supplemental lighting 688:Rumohra adiantiformis 672:Cut Cultivated Greens 352:Euphorbia pulcherrima 191:, boom irrigation or 127:cut cultivated greens 45: 33: 3964:Evolutionary history 3954:Double fertilization 3806:Cellular respiration 2974:Gardening portal 2873:Aquamog weed remover 2848:List of insecticides 275:Impatiens walleriana 241:Petunia x atkinsiana 3183:Non-vascular plants 685:Leatherleaf fern - 527:Codiaeum variegatum 292:Catharanthus roseus 133:(garden flowers or 3688:Surface structures 3483:Flower development 2843:List of fungicides 2608:Companion planting 1505:Biological Control 1132:Florists' Exchange 815:Pesticide residues 736:Butcher's broom - 722:Eucalyptus cinerea 705:Gaultheria shallon 474:Guzmania lingulata 429:Hemerocallis fulva 412:Paeonia lactiflora 218:Floriculture crops 52: 40: 4268: 4267: 3907:Herbaceous plants 3733: 3732: 3019: 3018: 2891:Community orchard 2717:drought tolerance 1565:Botanical Gazette 664:Helianthus annuus 630:Antirrhinum majus 369:Cyclamen persicum 16:(Redirected from 4298: 4258: 4257: 4237:Individual trees 3912:Secondary growth 3883:Succulent plants 3871:Prostrate shrubs 3754:Apical dominance 3739:Plant physiology 3700:Epicuticular wax 3245: 3238: 3229:Plant morphology 3046: 3039: 3032: 3023: 3007: 3006: 2995: 2994: 2983: 2982: 2972: 2971: 2948:Plant collecting 2884:Related articles 2821:Plant protection 2002:French intensive 1940: 1933: 1926: 1917: 1912: 1904: 1825: 1814: 1808: 1796: 1790: 1779: 1773: 1761: 1755: 1744: 1738: 1727: 1721: 1710: 1704: 1693: 1687: 1676: 1670: 1659: 1653: 1646: 1640: 1629: 1623: 1612: 1606: 1595: 1589: 1578: 1572: 1561: 1555: 1544: 1538: 1531: 1525: 1518: 1512: 1501: 1495: 1483: 1477: 1476:(7632), 220-229. 1466: 1460: 1456: 1450: 1446: 1440: 1429: 1423: 1416: 1410: 1409: 1403: 1395: 1387: 1381: 1374: 1368: 1358: 1352: 1341: 1335: 1324: 1318: 1307: 1301: 1298: 1292: 1285: 1279: 1272: 1266: 1263: 1257: 1246: 1240: 1229: 1223: 1212: 1206: 1195: 1189: 1182: 1173: 1162: 1156: 1145: 1139: 1128: 1122: 1111: 1105: 1104:(18), 1789-1796. 1093: 1087: 1080: 1074: 1070: 1064: 1061: 1055: 1054: 1046: 1040: 1037: 1031: 1027: 1021: 1018: 1009: 1008: 992: 986: 985: 977: 968: 967: 959: 953: 950: 944: 934: 928: 927: 919: 913: 912: 904: 898: 897: 896:. cabdirect.org. 889: 739:Ruscus aculeatus 733: 719:Silver dollar - 716: 699: 682: 658: 641: 624: 607: 586: 574: 560: 546: 521: 509:Kalanchoe luciae 503: 485: 468: 440: 423: 406: 389: 363: 346: 329: 312: 286: 269: 252: 235: 21: 4306: 4305: 4301: 4300: 4299: 4297: 4296: 4295: 4291:Floral industry 4271: 4270: 4269: 4264: 4246: 4215:Botanical terms 4208: 4194: 4158: 4104:Citrus taxonomy 4082:Author citation 4048: 3942: 3921: 3843: 3837: 3833:Turgor pressure 3741: 3729: 3683: 3498:Floral symmetry 3416: 3408: 3338: 3327:Vascular bundle 3322:Vascular tissue 3281: 3241: 3232: 3231: 3217: 3188:Vascular plants 3153: 3149:Plant pathology 3073: 3055: 3050: 3020: 3015: 2966: 2957: 2953:Turf management 2938:Lists of plants 2933:List of gardens 2879: 2816: 2783: 2545: 2095: 2088: 1953: 1944: 1899: 1889: 1870: 1838: 1836:Further reading 1829: 1828: 1815: 1811: 1797: 1793: 1789:(9), 1332-1337. 1780: 1776: 1762: 1758: 1745: 1741: 1728: 1724: 1711: 1707: 1703:(9), 1250-1257. 1694: 1690: 1677: 1673: 1660: 1656: 1647: 1643: 1630: 1626: 1613: 1609: 1596: 1592: 1579: 1575: 1562: 1558: 1545: 1541: 1532: 1528: 1519: 1515: 1502: 1498: 1494:(6), 1315-1346. 1484: 1480: 1467: 1463: 1457: 1453: 1447: 1443: 1430: 1426: 1417: 1413: 1396: 1389: 1388: 1384: 1375: 1371: 1359: 1355: 1342: 1338: 1325: 1321: 1308: 1304: 1299: 1295: 1286: 1282: 1273: 1269: 1264: 1260: 1247: 1243: 1230: 1226: 1213: 1209: 1196: 1192: 1183: 1176: 1163: 1159: 1155:(9), 1097-1103. 1146: 1142: 1129: 1125: 1112: 1108: 1094: 1090: 1081: 1077: 1071: 1067: 1062: 1058: 1048: 1047: 1043: 1038: 1034: 1028: 1024: 1019: 1012: 1005:Springer-Verlag 994: 993: 989: 979: 978: 971: 961: 960: 956: 951: 947: 935: 931: 921: 920: 916: 906: 905: 901: 891: 890: 886: 881: 864: 855: 832: 817: 792: 774: 762: 749: 742: 734: 725: 717: 708: 700: 691: 683: 674: 667: 659: 650: 642: 633: 625: 616: 608: 599: 590: 587: 578: 575: 566: 561: 552: 547: 538: 531: 522: 513: 506:Paddle plant - 504: 495: 486: 477: 469: 460: 449: 441: 432: 424: 415: 407: 398: 390: 381: 372: 364: 355: 347: 338: 330: 321: 313: 304: 295: 287: 278: 270: 261: 253: 244: 236: 227: 220: 205: 189:drip irrigation 166:floral industry 111: 75:floral industry 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 4304: 4302: 4294: 4293: 4288: 4283: 4273: 4272: 4266: 4265: 4263: 4262: 4251: 4248: 4247: 4245: 4244: 4239: 4234: 4229: 4228: 4227: 4217: 4211: 4209: 4207: 4206: 4205:Related topics 4203: 4199: 4196: 4195: 4193: 4192: 4187: 4182: 4177: 4172: 4166: 4164: 4160: 4159: 4157: 4156: 4154:Taxonomic rank 4151: 4146: 4140: 4135: 4130: 4129: 4128: 4127: 4126: 4121: 4116: 4106: 4096: 4095: 4094: 4089: 4084: 4079: 4074: 4072:Botanical name 4064: 4058: 4056: 4054:Plant taxonomy 4050: 4049: 4047: 4046: 4045: 4044: 4039: 4038: 4037: 4030:Megasporangium 4027: 4026: 4025: 4018:Microsporangia 4010: 4009: 4008: 4003: 3998: 3993: 3983: 3978: 3973: 3972: 3971: 3961: 3956: 3951: 3945: 3943: 3941: 3940: 3935: 3929: 3923: 3922: 3920: 3919: 3914: 3909: 3904: 3903: 3902: 3901: 3900: 3890: 3885: 3880: 3879: 3878: 3873: 3863: 3858: 3856:Cushion plants 3847: 3845: 3839: 3838: 3836: 3835: 3830: 3825: 3820: 3815: 3810: 3809: 3808: 3803: 3793: 3791:Plant hormones 3788: 3783: 3782: 3781: 3774:Photosynthesis 3771: 3766: 3761: 3756: 3751: 3745: 3743: 3735: 3734: 3731: 3730: 3728: 3727: 3722: 3717: 3712: 3707: 3702: 3697: 3691: 3689: 3685: 3684: 3682: 3681: 3676: 3671: 3666: 3661: 3660: 3659: 3654: 3649: 3639: 3638: 3637: 3632: 3627: 3622: 3612: 3607: 3606: 3605: 3604: 3603: 3598: 3593: 3592: 3591: 3586: 3566: 3561: 3556: 3555: 3554: 3553: 3552: 3547: 3537: 3532: 3527: 3522: 3517: 3507: 3506: 3505: 3500: 3495: 3493:Floral formula 3490: 3488:Floral diagram 3485: 3480: 3470: 3469: 3468: 3463: 3458: 3457: 3456: 3451: 3441: 3431: 3426: 3420: 3418: 3417:(incl. Flower) 3410: 3409: 3407: 3406: 3405: 3404: 3399: 3394: 3393: 3392: 3387: 3377: 3367: 3362: 3357: 3352: 3346: 3344: 3340: 3339: 3337: 3336: 3331: 3330: 3329: 3319: 3317:Storage organs 3314: 3309: 3308: 3307: 3297: 3291: 3289: 3283: 3282: 3280: 3279: 3274: 3269: 3264: 3259: 3253: 3251: 3242: 3240: 3239: 3225: 3219: 3218: 3216: 3215: 3210: 3205: 3203:Spermatophytes 3200: 3195: 3190: 3185: 3180: 3175: 3173:Archaeplastida 3170: 3164: 3162: 3155: 3154: 3152: 3151: 3146: 3141: 3136: 3135: 3134: 3127:Phytogeography 3124: 3122:Phytochemistry 3119: 3114: 3109: 3104: 3099: 3094: 3089: 3083: 3081: 3079:Subdisciplines 3075: 3074: 3072: 3071: 3066: 3060: 3057: 3056: 3051: 3049: 3048: 3041: 3034: 3026: 3017: 3016: 3014: 3013: 3001: 2989: 2977: 2962: 2959: 2958: 2956: 2955: 2950: 2945: 2940: 2935: 2930: 2928:Garden tourism 2925: 2920: 2918:Groundskeeping 2915: 2914: 2913: 2908: 2898: 2893: 2887: 2885: 2881: 2880: 2878: 2877: 2876: 2875: 2865: 2860: 2855: 2850: 2845: 2840: 2835: 2830: 2824: 2822: 2818: 2817: 2815: 2814: 2809: 2804: 2799: 2793: 2791: 2785: 2784: 2782: 2781: 2776: 2771: 2770: 2769: 2764: 2759: 2754: 2746: 2741: 2736: 2731: 2726: 2725: 2724: 2719: 2714: 2709: 2707:free-flowering 2704: 2699: 2689: 2684: 2679: 2674: 2669: 2664: 2659: 2654: 2649: 2648: 2647: 2642: 2632: 2627: 2622: 2621: 2620: 2610: 2605: 2600: 2599: 2598: 2588: 2583: 2582: 2581: 2576: 2571: 2566: 2555: 2553: 2547: 2546: 2544: 2543: 2538: 2533: 2528: 2523: 2518: 2513: 2508: 2503: 2498: 2493: 2488: 2483: 2478: 2473: 2468: 2463: 2458: 2453: 2448: 2443: 2438: 2433: 2428: 2423: 2418: 2413: 2408: 2403: 2402: 2401: 2396: 2391: 2381: 2376: 2371: 2366: 2361: 2356: 2351: 2346: 2341: 2336: 2331: 2326: 2321: 2316: 2311: 2306: 2301: 2296: 2295: 2294: 2289: 2284: 2276: 2271: 2266: 2261: 2260: 2259: 2249: 2248: 2247: 2242: 2237: 2236: 2235: 2230: 2220: 2219: 2218: 2203: 2198: 2193: 2188: 2183: 2182: 2181: 2171: 2166: 2161: 2156: 2151: 2146: 2141: 2136: 2131: 2126: 2121: 2116: 2111: 2106: 2100: 2098: 2090: 2089: 2087: 2086: 2081: 2076: 2071: 2066: 2061: 2056: 2051: 2046: 2041: 2036: 2031: 2026: 2024:Groundskeeping 2021: 2020: 2019: 2017:computer-aided 2009: 2004: 1999: 1994: 1989: 1984: 1979: 1974: 1969: 1963: 1961: 1955: 1954: 1945: 1943: 1942: 1935: 1928: 1920: 1914: 1913: 1897: 1873: 1869: 1868:External links 1866: 1865: 1864: 1859: 1854: 1849: 1844: 1837: 1834: 1833: 1832: 1827: 1826: 1809: 1791: 1774: 1756: 1739: 1722: 1705: 1688: 1671: 1654: 1641: 1639:(1), pp.49-61. 1624: 1607: 1590: 1573: 1556: 1539: 1526: 1513: 1496: 1478: 1461: 1451: 1441: 1424: 1422:(pp. 165-174). 1411: 1382: 1369: 1353: 1336: 1319: 1302: 1293: 1291:(pp. 155-157). 1280: 1267: 1258: 1241: 1224: 1207: 1190: 1174: 1166:Pharma Innov J 1157: 1140: 1123: 1106: 1088: 1075: 1065: 1056: 1041: 1032: 1022: 1010: 987: 969: 954: 945: 929: 914: 899: 883: 882: 880: 877: 876: 875: 870: 863: 860: 854: 851: 831: 828: 816: 813: 791: 788: 778:tissue culture 773: 770: 766:photoperiodism 761: 760:Photoperiodism 758: 753:Chrysanthemums 748: 745: 744: 743: 735: 728: 726: 718: 711: 709: 701: 694: 692: 684: 677: 673: 670: 669: 668: 660: 653: 651: 647:Dahlia pinnata 643: 636: 634: 626: 619: 617: 609: 602: 598: 593: 592: 591: 588: 581: 579: 576: 569: 567: 562: 555: 553: 548: 541: 537: 534: 533: 532: 523: 516: 514: 505: 498: 496: 491:Ficus elastica 488:Rubber tree - 487: 480: 478: 470: 463: 459: 452: 451: 450: 443:Lenten rose - 442: 435: 433: 425: 418: 416: 408: 401: 399: 391: 384: 380: 375: 374: 373: 365: 358: 356: 348: 341: 339: 331: 324: 322: 315:Moth Orchid - 314: 307: 303: 298: 297: 296: 288: 281: 279: 271: 264: 262: 254: 247: 245: 237: 230: 226: 221: 219: 216: 204: 201: 147:foliage plants 131:bedding plants 110: 107: 79:Plant breeding 26: 24: 18:Floriculturist 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 4303: 4292: 4289: 4287: 4284: 4282: 4279: 4278: 4276: 4261: 4253: 4252: 4249: 4243: 4240: 4238: 4235: 4233: 4230: 4226: 4223: 4222: 4221: 4218: 4216: 4213: 4212: 4210: 4204: 4201: 4200: 4197: 4191: 4190:Phytochemical 4188: 4186: 4183: 4181: 4178: 4176: 4173: 4171: 4168: 4167: 4165: 4161: 4155: 4152: 4150: 4147: 4144: 4141: 4139: 4136: 4134: 4131: 4125: 4122: 4120: 4117: 4115: 4112: 4111: 4110: 4107: 4105: 4102: 4101: 4100: 4097: 4093: 4090: 4088: 4085: 4083: 4080: 4078: 4075: 4073: 4070: 4069: 4068: 4065: 4063: 4060: 4059: 4057: 4055: 4051: 4043: 4040: 4036: 4033: 4032: 4031: 4028: 4024: 4021: 4020: 4019: 4016: 4015: 4014: 4011: 4007: 4004: 4002: 3999: 3997: 3994: 3992: 3989: 3988: 3987: 3984: 3982: 3979: 3977: 3974: 3970: 3967: 3966: 3965: 3962: 3960: 3957: 3955: 3952: 3950: 3947: 3946: 3944: 3939: 3936: 3934: 3931: 3930: 3928: 3924: 3918: 3915: 3913: 3910: 3908: 3905: 3899: 3896: 3895: 3894: 3891: 3889: 3886: 3884: 3881: 3877: 3874: 3872: 3869: 3868: 3867: 3864: 3862: 3859: 3857: 3854: 3853: 3852: 3849: 3848: 3846: 3840: 3834: 3831: 3829: 3828:Transpiration 3826: 3824: 3821: 3819: 3816: 3814: 3811: 3807: 3804: 3802: 3799: 3798: 3797: 3794: 3792: 3789: 3787: 3784: 3780: 3777: 3776: 3775: 3772: 3770: 3767: 3765: 3762: 3760: 3757: 3755: 3752: 3750: 3747: 3746: 3744: 3740: 3736: 3726: 3723: 3721: 3718: 3716: 3713: 3711: 3708: 3706: 3703: 3701: 3698: 3696: 3693: 3692: 3690: 3686: 3680: 3677: 3675: 3672: 3670: 3667: 3665: 3662: 3658: 3655: 3653: 3650: 3648: 3645: 3644: 3643: 3640: 3636: 3633: 3631: 3628: 3626: 3623: 3621: 3618: 3617: 3616: 3615:Inflorescence 3613: 3611: 3608: 3602: 3599: 3597: 3594: 3590: 3587: 3585: 3582: 3581: 3580: 3577: 3576: 3575: 3572: 3571: 3570: 3567: 3565: 3562: 3560: 3557: 3551: 3548: 3546: 3543: 3542: 3541: 3538: 3536: 3533: 3531: 3528: 3526: 3523: 3521: 3518: 3516: 3513: 3512: 3511: 3508: 3504: 3501: 3499: 3496: 3494: 3491: 3489: 3486: 3484: 3481: 3479: 3476: 3475: 3474: 3471: 3467: 3464: 3462: 3459: 3455: 3452: 3450: 3447: 3446: 3445: 3442: 3440: 3437: 3436: 3435: 3432: 3430: 3427: 3425: 3422: 3421: 3419: 3415: 3411: 3403: 3400: 3398: 3395: 3391: 3388: 3386: 3383: 3382: 3381: 3378: 3376: 3373: 3372: 3371: 3368: 3366: 3363: 3361: 3358: 3356: 3353: 3351: 3348: 3347: 3345: 3341: 3335: 3332: 3328: 3325: 3324: 3323: 3320: 3318: 3315: 3313: 3310: 3306: 3303: 3302: 3301: 3300:Ground tissue 3298: 3296: 3293: 3292: 3290: 3288: 3284: 3278: 3275: 3273: 3270: 3268: 3265: 3263: 3260: 3258: 3255: 3254: 3252: 3250: 3246: 3243: 3236: 3230: 3227: 3226: 3224: 3223:Plant anatomy 3220: 3214: 3211: 3209: 3206: 3204: 3201: 3199: 3196: 3194: 3191: 3189: 3186: 3184: 3181: 3179: 3176: 3174: 3171: 3169: 3166: 3165: 3163: 3160: 3156: 3150: 3147: 3145: 3144:Plant ecology 3142: 3140: 3139:Plant anatomy 3137: 3133: 3130: 3129: 3128: 3125: 3123: 3120: 3118: 3115: 3113: 3110: 3108: 3105: 3103: 3100: 3098: 3095: 3093: 3090: 3088: 3087:Archaeobotany 3085: 3084: 3082: 3080: 3076: 3070: 3067: 3065: 3062: 3061: 3058: 3054: 3047: 3042: 3040: 3035: 3033: 3028: 3027: 3024: 3012: 3011: 3002: 3000: 2999: 2990: 2988: 2987: 2978: 2976: 2975: 2970: 2964: 2963: 2960: 2954: 2951: 2949: 2946: 2944: 2941: 2939: 2936: 2934: 2931: 2929: 2926: 2924: 2923:Garden centre 2921: 2919: 2916: 2912: 2909: 2907: 2904: 2903: 2902: 2901:Floral design 2899: 2897: 2894: 2892: 2889: 2888: 2886: 2882: 2874: 2871: 2870: 2869: 2866: 2864: 2861: 2859: 2856: 2854: 2851: 2849: 2846: 2844: 2841: 2839: 2836: 2834: 2831: 2829: 2826: 2825: 2823: 2819: 2813: 2810: 2808: 2805: 2803: 2800: 2798: 2795: 2794: 2792: 2790: 2786: 2780: 2777: 2775: 2772: 2768: 2767:reforestation 2765: 2763: 2760: 2758: 2755: 2753: 2750: 2749: 2747: 2745: 2742: 2740: 2737: 2735: 2732: 2730: 2727: 2723: 2720: 2718: 2715: 2713: 2710: 2708: 2705: 2703: 2700: 2698: 2695: 2694: 2693: 2690: 2688: 2685: 2683: 2680: 2678: 2677:Intercropping 2675: 2673: 2670: 2668: 2665: 2663: 2660: 2658: 2655: 2653: 2650: 2646: 2643: 2641: 2638: 2637: 2636: 2633: 2631: 2628: 2626: 2623: 2619: 2618:most valuable 2616: 2615: 2614: 2611: 2609: 2606: 2604: 2601: 2597: 2594: 2593: 2592: 2589: 2587: 2586:Arboriculture 2584: 2580: 2577: 2575: 2572: 2570: 2567: 2565: 2562: 2561: 2560: 2557: 2556: 2554: 2552: 2548: 2542: 2539: 2537: 2534: 2532: 2529: 2527: 2524: 2522: 2519: 2517: 2514: 2512: 2509: 2507: 2504: 2502: 2499: 2497: 2494: 2492: 2489: 2487: 2484: 2482: 2479: 2477: 2474: 2472: 2469: 2467: 2464: 2462: 2459: 2457: 2454: 2452: 2449: 2447: 2444: 2442: 2439: 2437: 2434: 2432: 2429: 2427: 2424: 2422: 2419: 2417: 2414: 2412: 2409: 2407: 2404: 2400: 2397: 2395: 2392: 2390: 2387: 2386: 2385: 2382: 2380: 2377: 2375: 2372: 2370: 2367: 2365: 2362: 2360: 2357: 2355: 2352: 2350: 2347: 2345: 2342: 2340: 2337: 2335: 2332: 2330: 2327: 2325: 2322: 2320: 2317: 2315: 2312: 2310: 2307: 2305: 2302: 2300: 2297: 2293: 2290: 2288: 2285: 2283: 2280: 2279: 2277: 2275: 2272: 2270: 2267: 2265: 2262: 2258: 2255: 2254: 2253: 2250: 2246: 2243: 2241: 2238: 2234: 2231: 2229: 2226: 2225: 2224: 2221: 2217: 2214: 2213: 2212: 2209: 2208: 2207: 2204: 2202: 2199: 2197: 2194: 2192: 2189: 2187: 2184: 2180: 2179:Garden square 2177: 2176: 2175: 2172: 2170: 2167: 2165: 2162: 2160: 2157: 2155: 2152: 2150: 2147: 2145: 2142: 2140: 2137: 2135: 2132: 2130: 2127: 2125: 2122: 2120: 2117: 2115: 2112: 2110: 2109:Ancient Egypt 2107: 2105: 2102: 2101: 2099: 2097: 2091: 2085: 2082: 2080: 2077: 2075: 2072: 2070: 2067: 2065: 2062: 2060: 2057: 2055: 2052: 2050: 2047: 2045: 2042: 2040: 2037: 2035: 2032: 2030: 2027: 2025: 2022: 2018: 2015: 2014: 2013: 2012:Garden design 2010: 2008: 2005: 2003: 2000: 1998: 1995: 1993: 1990: 1988: 1985: 1983: 1980: 1978: 1975: 1973: 1970: 1968: 1965: 1964: 1962: 1960: 1956: 1952: 1948: 1941: 1936: 1934: 1929: 1927: 1922: 1921: 1918: 1910: 1909: 1903: 1898: 1896: 1892: 1887: 1883: 1882: 1877: 1872: 1871: 1867: 1863: 1860: 1858: 1855: 1853: 1850: 1848: 1845: 1843: 1840: 1839: 1835: 1831: 1830: 1823: 1819: 1818:Horticulturae 1813: 1810: 1807:(5), 705-713. 1806: 1802: 1795: 1792: 1788: 1784: 1778: 1775: 1771: 1767: 1760: 1757: 1753: 1749: 1743: 1740: 1736: 1732: 1726: 1723: 1720:(2), 341-344. 1719: 1715: 1709: 1706: 1702: 1698: 1692: 1689: 1685: 1681: 1675: 1672: 1669:(3), 645-649. 1668: 1664: 1658: 1655: 1651: 1645: 1642: 1638: 1634: 1628: 1625: 1622:(6), 812-825. 1621: 1617: 1611: 1608: 1605:(2), 343-350. 1604: 1600: 1594: 1591: 1588:(3), 206-207. 1587: 1583: 1577: 1574: 1571:(1), 165-174. 1570: 1566: 1560: 1557: 1553: 1549: 1543: 1540: 1536: 1530: 1527: 1523: 1517: 1514: 1510: 1506: 1500: 1497: 1493: 1489: 1482: 1479: 1475: 1471: 1465: 1462: 1455: 1452: 1445: 1442: 1438: 1434: 1428: 1425: 1421: 1415: 1412: 1407: 1401: 1393: 1386: 1383: 1379: 1373: 1370: 1367: 1363: 1357: 1354: 1350: 1346: 1340: 1337: 1334:(6), 736-741. 1333: 1329: 1323: 1320: 1317:(4), 180-182. 1316: 1312: 1306: 1303: 1297: 1294: 1290: 1284: 1281: 1277: 1271: 1268: 1262: 1259: 1255: 1251: 1245: 1242: 1239:(7), 473-478. 1238: 1234: 1228: 1225: 1221: 1217: 1211: 1208: 1204: 1200: 1194: 1191: 1187: 1181: 1179: 1175: 1172:(6), 127-134. 1171: 1167: 1161: 1158: 1154: 1150: 1144: 1141: 1137: 1133: 1127: 1124: 1121:(3), 149-153. 1120: 1116: 1110: 1107: 1103: 1099: 1092: 1089: 1085: 1079: 1076: 1069: 1066: 1060: 1057: 1052: 1045: 1042: 1036: 1033: 1026: 1023: 1017: 1015: 1011: 1006: 1002: 998: 991: 988: 983: 976: 974: 970: 965: 958: 955: 949: 946: 943: 939: 933: 930: 925: 918: 915: 910: 903: 900: 895: 888: 885: 878: 874: 871: 869: 866: 865: 861: 859: 852: 850: 847: 843: 841: 836: 829: 827: 824: 820: 814: 812: 808: 805: 804:growing media 799: 796: 789: 787: 784: 779: 771: 769: 767: 759: 757: 754: 746: 741: 740: 732: 727: 724: 723: 715: 710: 707: 706: 698: 693: 690: 689: 681: 676: 671: 666: 665: 657: 652: 649: 648: 640: 635: 632: 631: 627:Snapdragon - 623: 618: 615: 614: 606: 601: 597: 594: 585: 580: 573: 568: 565: 559: 554: 551: 545: 540: 535: 529: 528: 520: 515: 511: 510: 502: 497: 494: 492: 484: 479: 476: 475: 467: 462: 457: 453: 448: 447: 439: 434: 431: 430: 422: 417: 414: 413: 405: 400: 397: 396: 388: 383: 379: 376: 371: 370: 362: 357: 354: 353: 345: 340: 337: 336: 328: 323: 320: 319: 311: 306: 302: 299: 294: 293: 285: 280: 277: 276: 268: 263: 260: 259: 251: 246: 243: 242: 234: 229: 225: 222: 217: 215: 212: 210: 202: 200: 198: 194: 190: 186: 185:fertilization 182: 178: 174: 169: 167: 163: 158: 156: 152: 148: 144: 140: 136: 132: 128: 124: 120: 117:Floriculture 115: 108: 106: 104: 100: 96: 92: 91:chrysanthemum 88: 84: 80: 76: 72: 68: 64: 60: 56: 50:, Netherlands 49: 44: 37: 32: 19: 4281:Floriculture 4185:Horticulture 4175:Floriculture 4174: 4077:Correct name 3927:Reproduction 3917:Woody plants 3842:Plant growth 3801:Gas Exchange 3786:Phytomelanin 3664:Plant embryo 3414:Reproductive 3262:Phragmoplast 3008: 2996: 2984: 2965: 2868:Weed control 2757:horticulture 2687:Olericulture 2667:Hydroculture 2657:Fruticulture 2635:Floriculture 2634: 2564:Permaculture 2551:Horticulture 1947:Horticulture 1906: 1879: 1821: 1817: 1812: 1804: 1800: 1794: 1786: 1782: 1777: 1769: 1765: 1759: 1751: 1747: 1742: 1734: 1730: 1725: 1717: 1713: 1708: 1700: 1696: 1691: 1683: 1679: 1674: 1666: 1662: 1657: 1652:(pp. 35-42). 1649: 1644: 1636: 1632: 1627: 1619: 1615: 1610: 1602: 1598: 1593: 1585: 1581: 1576: 1568: 1564: 1559: 1551: 1547: 1542: 1534: 1529: 1521: 1516: 1508: 1504: 1499: 1491: 1487: 1481: 1473: 1469: 1464: 1454: 1444: 1436: 1432: 1427: 1419: 1414: 1385: 1377: 1372: 1356: 1348: 1344: 1339: 1331: 1327: 1322: 1314: 1310: 1305: 1296: 1288: 1283: 1275: 1270: 1261: 1253: 1249: 1244: 1236: 1232: 1227: 1219: 1215: 1210: 1202: 1198: 1193: 1188:(pp. 95-99). 1185: 1169: 1165: 1160: 1152: 1148: 1143: 1138:(20), 11-50. 1135: 1131: 1126: 1118: 1114: 1109: 1101: 1097: 1091: 1083: 1078: 1068: 1059: 1044: 1035: 1025: 996: 990: 981: 963: 957: 948: 932: 923: 917: 908: 902: 893: 887: 856: 848: 844: 839: 837: 833: 825: 821: 818: 809: 800: 793: 775: 763: 750: 737: 720: 703: 686: 662: 661:Sunflower - 645: 628: 611: 525: 507: 490: 472: 444: 427: 410: 393: 367: 350: 333: 318:Phalaenopsis 316: 290: 273: 272:Impatiens - 256: 239: 213: 208: 206: 193:flood floors 170: 159: 116: 112: 67:horticulture 55:Floriculture 54: 53: 4001:Pollen tube 3996:Pollinators 3986:Pollination 3981:Germination 3796:Respiration 3779:Chlorophyll 3625:Pedicellate 3559:Gametophyte 3478:Aestivation 3429:Antheridium 3424:Archegonium 3272:Plasmodesma 3249:Plant cells 3112:Paleobotany 3107:Ethnobotany 3092:Astrobotany 3010:WikiProject 2779:Monoculture 2774:Viticulture 2752:agriculture 2712:propagation 2652:Hügelkultur 2574:sustainable 2559:Agriculture 2501:Therapeutic 2481:Shakespeare 2292:Renaissance 2084:Xeriscaping 2079:Sustainable 2074:Square foot 2064:Proplifting 2029:Garden tool 1997:Foodscaping 1874:‹ The 1801:HortScience 1783:HortScience 1754:, pp.69-74. 1714:HortScience 1697:HortScience 1663:HortScience 1582:HortScience 1351:(2), 82-86. 1149:HortScience 1073:11:225-249. 596:Cut Flowers 512:'Flapjacks' 493:'Doescheri' 471:Guzmania - 456:Houseplants 366:Cyclamen - 197:Hydroponics 177:greenhouses 162:high tunnel 143:houseplants 123:cut flowers 71:agriculture 4275:Categories 4023:Microspore 4013:Sporangium 3991:Artificial 3679:Sporophyte 3674:Sporophyll 3669:Receptacle 3564:Gynandrium 3434:Androecium 3343:Vegetative 3213:Angiosperm 3208:Gymnosperm 3102:Dendrology 2672:Indigenous 2569:stock-free 2541:Zoological 2421:Pollinator 2314:Greenhouse 2257:Sharawadgi 2245:Vietnamese 2206:East Asian 2114:Australian 2069:Raised bed 2034:Green wall 1737:(1), 6-12. 1686:, 189-196. 1554:, 257-275. 1524:, 105-117. 1459:289:117817 1439:, 220-234. 1256:(3), 5-30. 1222:, 169-180. 1205:(1), 2-10. 1086:, 329-339. 879:References 795:Containers 446:Helleborus 426:Daylily - 181:irrigation 155:containers 139:perennials 36:greenhouse 4286:Floristry 4220:Botanists 4138:Herbarium 4035:Megaspore 3933:Evolution 3876:Subshrubs 3844:and habit 3769:Nutrition 3764:Cellulose 3759:Bulk flow 3742:Materials 3705:Epidermis 3569:Gynoecium 3550:Endosperm 3545:Dispersal 3461:Staminode 3397:Sessility 3385:Cataphyll 3305:Mesophyll 3257:Cell wall 3198:Lycophyte 3178:Bryophyte 3132:Geobotany 3117:Phycology 2943:Perennial 2906:Floristry 2853:Pesticide 2833:Herbicide 2828:Fungicide 2722:hardiness 2486:Shrubbery 2466:Sculpture 2287:landscape 2216:Cantonese 2191:Container 2186:Community 2154:Byzantine 2149:Butterfly 2139:Botanical 2039:Guerrilla 1987:Community 1977:Butterfly 1972:Arboretum 1967:Allotment 1959:Gardening 1951:gardening 1772:, 111424. 783:geraniums 644:Dahlia - 524:Croton - 103:anthurium 34:A retail 4260:Category 4180:Forestry 4170:Agronomy 4163:Practice 4114:Cultivar 4109:Cultigen 3969:timeline 3861:Rosettes 3749:Aleurone 3725:Trichome 3642:Perianth 3454:Filament 3312:Meristem 3235:glossary 3097:Bryology 2986:Category 2896:Features 2802:Grafting 2762:forestry 2744:Tropical 2729:Pomology 2702:cuttings 2697:breeding 2531:Wildlife 2511:Tropical 2461:Scottish 2411:Pleasure 2399:Paradise 2394:Charbagh 2364:Monastic 2359:Medieval 2269:Floating 2223:Japanese 2174:Communal 2164:Colonial 2129:Biblical 2094:Types of 2059:Parterre 1876:template 1824:(1), 73. 1400:cite web 1380:, 75-90. 1233:In vitro 862:See also 702:Salal - 409:Peony - 392:Hosta - 289:Vinca - 121:include 109:Overview 87:marigold 3938:Ecology 3695:Cuticle 3525:Capsule 3515:Anatomy 3466:Tapetum 3390:Petiole 3365:Rhizome 3360:Rhizoid 3287:Tissues 3277:Vacuole 3267:Plastid 3069:Outline 3064:History 2998:Commons 2911:Ikebana 2863:Pruning 2789:Organic 2739:Roguing 2625:Cutting 2516:Victory 2491:Spanish 2471:Sensory 2416:Prairie 2384:Persian 2374:Orchard 2339:Kitchen 2334:Keyhole 2329:Italian 2324:Islamic 2319:Hanging 2278:French 2264:Fernery 2252:English 2211:Chinese 2196:Cottage 2124:Baroque 2096:gardens 2049:History 1878:below ( 1449:13:943. 530:'Petra' 332:Mums - 135:annuals 83:Jasmine 63:foliage 59:flowers 4242:Plants 4145:(IAPT) 3898:Lianas 3866:Shrubs 3818:Starch 3710:Nectar 3630:Raceme 3596:Stigma 3584:Locule 3574:Carpel 3535:Pyrena 3473:Flower 3449:Anther 3444:Stamen 3439:Pollen 3161:groups 3053:Botany 2748:Urban 2645:Taiwan 2640:Canada 2603:Botany 2596:Saikei 2591:Bonsai 2536:Winter 2521:Walled 2456:School 2451:Sacred 2406:Physic 2369:Mughal 2349:Market 2304:German 2282:formal 2274:Flower 2240:Korean 2159:Cactus 2144:Bottle 2104:Alpine 2054:Native 2007:Garden 1992:Forest 1895:Curlie 1881:Curlie 1511:, 1-7. 1470:Nature 966:: 6–8. 137:, and 101:, and 99:orchid 4202:Lists 4119:Group 4042:Spore 3976:Flora 3893:Vines 3888:Trees 3851:Habit 3823:Sugar 3715:Stoma 3657:Sepal 3652:Petal 3647:Tepal 3635:Umbel 3620:Bract 3601:Style 3589:Ovule 3579:Ovary 3520:Berry 3510:Fruit 3503:Whorl 3370:Shoot 3168:Algae 3159:Plant 2692:Plant 2630:Flora 2579:urban 2526:Water 2506:Trial 2476:Shade 2436:Roman 2309:Greek 2299:Front 2201:Dutch 2169:Color 395:Hosta 119:crops 48:Breda 4124:Grex 4006:Self 3540:Seed 3402:Stem 3380:Leaf 3355:Root 3350:Bulb 3334:Wood 3295:Cork 3193:Fern 2613:Crop 2446:Rose 2441:Roof 2431:Rock 2426:Rain 2389:Bāgh 2354:Mary 2344:Knot 2228:Roji 2119:Back 1949:and 1406:link 613:Rosa 183:and 149:and 125:and 95:rose 69:and 61:and 3813:Sap 3530:Nut 3375:Bud 2496:Tea 2233:Zen 2134:Bog 1893:at 1770:306 1752:165 1684:143 1620:104 1474:540 1437:212 1362:doi 1332:106 1136:115 1102:169 1030:ET. 938:doi 4277:: 1905:. 1820:, 1805:50 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