902:
1051:
886:
128:
928:. The sepals display a distinct reticulate venation radiating from the center of each sepal with the crossveins forming rectangular to polygonal meshes of smaller veins. Between five and seven major veins run from the sepal base apically before loping towards the apex and fusing together. Additional large veins run to the point of each sinus, and supporting several secondary veins. The basal calyx is thicker than the sepal tissue and often hairy with the small thick
152:
1015:, being between 16 and 21 mm (0.63 and 0.83 in) long and between 0.5 and 0.7 mm (0.020 and 0.028 in) thick. The petals are around 3.0 mm Γ 3.5 mm (0.12 in Γ 0.14 in) and are arranged in alternation with the Calyx lobes, when the lobes are present. The style is 8 mm (0.31 in) long and extends above the stamens. Rather than having globose anthers, such as seen in
511:
1724:
1007:. unlike the other three species, the calyx lobes range from approximately 33% indentation to being fully absent, resulting in a circular calyx. At the time of description, only three specimens had been recovered in which the stamens were present and approximately ten anthers or half anthers are preserved on the most complete of the specimens. The
1072:. The calyxes show poorly developed to well developed lobes that indent between 20% and 35% from the outer margins and in flowers with poorly developed indentation, the calyx outline is pentagonal instead of rounded. The androgynophore has a rounded pentagonal to circular cross-section and an approximately 11 mm (0.4 in) long style.
700:
of central Oregon. The type locality was designated by
Manchester (1992) as the Sheep Rock Creek locality, which represents an isolated pond deposit likely correlating to Clarno Formation based on a palm frond fossil found at the site. The species also is present in the western Oregon "Goshen Flora",
985:
is noted for having deeply indented lobe sinuses which extend between 35% and 60% towards the center of the corolla from the margins. The pedicels are at least 13 mm (0.51 in) long, with a hairy basal area of the corolla, and pollen smaller than that of
1107:
may have been a transitional genus between insect pollination and bat or bird pollination. It is possible the caylxes did not grow to full size until after pollination, with the young flowers being smaller and less showy. It is likely the fruits matured into a
1501:
Rubino, E.; Leier, A.; Cassel, E.; Archibald, S.; Foster-Baril, Z.; Barbeau, D. Jr (2021). "Detrital zircon UPb ages and Hf-isotopes from Eocene intermontane basin deposits of the southern
Canadian Cordillera".
724:
mountains on the
Russian far-east coast. The flora was reported by Manchester (1999) as Miocene, however more detailed work on the stratigraphy of the region moved the age to Early Oligocene as noted by KvaΔek
575:
of
Colorado. The formation is composed of successive lake deposits resulting from a volcanic debris flow damming a valley. When the species was described, the Florissant Formation was considered to be
1103:. These are features seen in a number of modern Malvaceae genera. Additionally the stamens and styles are thicker and robust, features often associated with bird and bat pollinators, indicating
1480:
Wolfe, J.A.; Wehr, W.C. (1987). Middle Eocene dicotyledonous plants from
Republic, northeastern Washington (Report). Bulletin. Vol. 1597. United States Geological Survey. pp. 1β25.
1802:
868:
579:
in age, based on the flora and fauna preserved. Successive research and fossil descriptions moved the age older and by 1985 the formation had been reassigned to an
1245:
Wolfe, J.A. (1977). Paleogene floras from the Gulf of Alaska region (Report). Professional Paper. Vol. 997. United States
Geological Survey. pp. 1β108.
1540:
Myers, J.A.; Kester, P.R.; Retallack, G.J.; Moore, G.W. (2002). "Paleobotanical record of Eocene-Oligocene climate and vegetational change near Eugene, Oregon".
1891:
1040:
by
Kryshtofov (1921). The fossil pictured in plate 2 fig. 7 of the paper was subsequently lost and was unavailable for reexamination by Manchester in 1998.
956:
with elongated to globose outlines. The 20β32 ΞΌm (0.00079β0.00126 in) pollen grains are slightly flattened spheres, with three to four short
867:
holotype specimen, UF 11740, was a part of the
University of Florida collections at the time of description, with additional fossils examined from the
733:(2011) reported a slightly older late Eocene or Early Oligocene age which was followed by Archibald and Rasnitsyn (2018) who list the site as likely
1876:
1789:
1076:
859:
species based on a series of 45 fossils found in north central Oregon and noted that the 1933 flower was not related to the leaf holotype fossil of
709:
are confined to the Summer Spring shales locality around Grey Butte and thought to correlate with Early
Oligocene strata of the John Day Formation.
1881:
1871:
834:
in
British Columbia, which Manchester (1992) redescribed based on a larger selection of specimens from Republic, and moved the species into
1916:
1641:(Mecoptera: Eomeropidae) from the Ypresian Okanagan Highlands, far-western North America, and Eocene Holarctic dispersal of the genus".
1440:"The McAbee flora of British Columbia and its relations to the Early-Middle Eocene Okanagan Highlands flora of the Pacific Northwest"
1279:
901:
151:
1921:
1906:
1050:
621:
1678:
Mathewes, R.; Brooke, R. (1971). "Fossil Taxodiaceae and new angiosperm macrofossils from Quilchena, British Columbia".
1780:
933:
633:
629:
139:
1003:
is calyxes range between 19 and 33 mm (0.75 and 1.30 in), with some of the smallest recorded specimens in
1896:
31:
1584:"A new fossil silky lacewing genus (Neuroptera, Psychopsidae) from the Early Cretaceous Yixian Formation of China"
1926:
1886:
1866:
1643:
1911:
679:
641:
1728:
594:
placing the formation in the Priabonian stage of the Late Eocene. A tentative report of the species from the
1901:
1856:
1095:
by insects or birds. With the long slender pedicels, the flowers likely hung downwards from the plant in an
1861:
1742:
885:
613:
1828:
1322:
814:
851:
717:
595:
127:
1521:
Wehr, W.C. (1995). "Early Tertiary flowers, fruits and seeds of Washington State and adjacent areas".
1068:
calyxes range between 23 and 54 mm (0.91 and 2.13 in) having some of the largest calyxes in
702:
693:
1591:
1454:
762:
758:
675:
637:
572:
518:
1439:
771:
1267:
777:
1544:. Vol. 36. Oregon Department of Geology and Mineral Industries Special Paper. pp. 15β54.
1660:
1384:
1345:
1224:
1180:
846:
697:
617:
553:
467:
302:
146:
1833:
1815:
1807:
1619:
1275:
671:
510:
1820:
1323:"A butterfly-moth (Lepidoptera:Castniidae) form the Oligocene shales of Florissant, Colorado"
1652:
1609:
1599:
1481:
1462:
1415:
1376:
1337:
1246:
1216:
1172:
1058:
1008:
973:
calyxes are moderate in size with a diameter of 21β31 mm (0.83β1.22 in), those of
925:
689:
561:
533:
941:
917:
819:
663:
475:
440:
189:
17:
528:
have been found in Early Eocene to Middle Oligocene localities, including fossil beds in
1595:
1458:
30:
This article is about the fossil malvalian plant genus. For the fossil planthopper, see
1614:
1583:
1109:
937:
872:
831:
795:
766:
754:
625:
448:
245:
176:
1019:, the 2β3 mm (0.079β0.118 in) long anthers are elongated like those seen in
1850:
1556:
1349:
1204:
1156:
603:
452:
85:
1664:
1388:
1161:, an extinct malvalean genus from the Eocene and Oligocene of western North America"
1561:(Malvaceae sl) in the Northern Hemisphere based on fruits and co-occurring foliage"
803:
721:
571:
is known from a number of formations in the west, with the type locality being the
471:
1697:
Manchester, S.R. (2001). "Update on the megafossil flora of Florissant, Colorado
1774:
60:
1765:
1092:
734:
105:
70:
1604:
826:. Mathewes and Brooke (1971) described a solitary flower as the new species
808:
580:
444:
235:
110:
54:
1623:
1380:
1296:
916:
species share a distinct set of physical traits in common. The flowers are
653:
583:
age. Further refinement of the formation's age using radiometric dating of
1723:
1420:
1403:
1759:
1096:
882:
honoring Melvin S. Ashwill who collected many of the specimens examined.
879:
738:
670:
sp. fossils have also been reported from Okanagan highlands sites in the
658:
for the Klondike Mountain Formations Tom Thumb Tuff member. The youngest
584:
537:
225:
202:
100:
95:
80:
75:
65:
1656:
682:
near Smithers, British Columbia, without indication of specie affinity.
1794:
1228:
1184:
1100:
589:
576:
557:
541:
115:
90:
1701:
Fossil flora and stratigraphy of the Florissant Formation, Colorado".
1637:
Archibald, S. B.; Rasnitsyn, A. P. (2018). "Two new species of fossil
932:
forming a corolla around the calyx base. The flowers have an expanded
646:
612:
has been recovered from four locations in the Okanagan highlands, the
1414:(3). Institute of Paleobiology, Polish Academy of Sciences: 539β543.
1341:
957:
953:
949:
945:
599:
545:
529:
464:
215:
50:
1736:
1466:
1220:
1176:
1075:
A tepal corolla has been found attached to a single fossil from the
1486:
1251:
1049:
952:. The stamen filaments fork once near the tip, and host ten total
929:
921:
900:
884:
509:
460:
163:
1367:
and the Phylogeny and Biogeography of Mousebirds (Coliiformes)".
1205:"Biogeographical relationships of North American tertiary floras"
849:
and Sanborn (1933) who included the flowers as in their species
666:
Gumboot Mountain Flora of southwestern Washington. Additionally
549:
456:
1740:
1099:
like manner, with dense hairs along the flower bases acting as
784:
as well as a third species, which he placed into the new genus
1703:
Proceedings of the Denver Museum of Nature and Science, Series
1272:
United States Geological Survey of the Territories, Washington
1565:
Transactions of the International Palaeobotanical Conference
944:
extends from the center of the ovary though the surrounding
1555:
KvaΔek, Z.; Manchester, S. R.; Akhmetiev, M. A. (2005).
1582:
Peng, Y.; Makarkin, V.N.; Wang, X.; Ren, D. (2011).
1438:
Dillhoff, R.M.; Leopold, E.; Manchester, S. (2005).
1404:"A New Talpid from the Late Eocene of North America"
892:
with fully fused sepals, Klondike Mountain Formation
1749:
1375:(2). The American Ornithologists' Union: 245β259.
1363:Ksepka, D.T.; Clarke, J.A. (2009). "Affinities of
1112:with the calyx acting as a wing around the fruit.
1150:
1148:
1146:
1144:
924:fused up to 50% of their length and born on long
1198:
1196:
1194:
1142:
1140:
1138:
1136:
1134:
1132:
1130:
1128:
1126:
1124:
1542:Field guide to geological processes in Cascadia
869:University of California Museum of Paleontology
470:have been found in formations ranging from the
1433:
1431:
818:. The Republic fossils were later included by
1304:Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology
8:
649: ± 0.4 million years ago
27:Genus of plant in the mallow family (fossil)
1240:
1238:
806:(1929), who identified them as the Miocene
1737:
644:. The Okanagan highlands are aged between
126:
38:
1613:
1603:
1485:
1419:
1250:
908:stamen group, Klondike Mountain Formation
688:is confined to the Middle to Late Eocene
1077:Florissant Fossil Beds National Monument
977:are known to be smaller, while those of
484:and three additional species are known,
1268:"The Tertiary insects of North America"
1209:Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden
1120:
776:. Additional fossils were described by
390:
367:
344:
320:
1330:Journal of Research on the Lepidoptera
712:The Amgu flora, the type locality for
7:
1892:Prehistoric plants of North America
606:(1977) based on a single specimen.
1447:Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences
1402:Lloyd, K.J.; Eberle, J.J. (2008).
1297:"The fossil ants of North America"
920:shallowly bell shaped, with large
871:collections. Manchester chose the
855:. Manchester (1992) described the
25:
1557:"Review of the fossil history of
1722:
150:
1877:Oligocene life of North America
1157:"Flowers, fruits and pollen of
1091:flowers suggests the genus was
1034:Florissantia sikhote-alinensis
1028:Florissantia sikhote-alinensis
499:Florissantia sikhote-alinensis
1:
1882:Prehistoric angiosperm genera
1408:Acta Palaeontologica Polonica
948:to above the corolla of five
716:, represents outcrops of the
626:Coldwater Beds Quilchena site
622:Cache Creek, British Columbia
478:periods. The type species is
1872:Eocene life of North America
705:The youngest occurrences of
1917:Klondike Mountain Formation
830:from a fossil found at the
780:(1916) as another species,
634:Klondike Mountain Formation
630:Quilchena, British Columbia
351:Mathewes & Brooke, 1971
140:Klondike Mountain Formation
1943:
1203:Manchester, S. R. (1999).
1165:American Journal of Botany
1055:Florissantia quilchenensis
995:Florissantia quilchenensis
828:Holmskioldia quilchenensis
745:History and classification
651:for the Quilchena site to
587:has resulted in an age of
493:Florissantia quilchenensis
347:Holmskioldia quilchenensis
327:Chaney & Sanborn, 1933
136:Florissantia quilchenensis
32:Florissantia (planthopper)
29:
18:Florissantia quilchenensis
1644:The Canadian Entomologist
1295:Carpenter, F. M. (1930).
1155:Manchester, S.R. (1992).
1011:are longer than those in
308:
301:
275:
270:
147:Scientific classification
145:
134:
125:
41:
1781:Florissantia (Malvaceae)
1605:10.3897/zookeys.130.1576
642:Ferry County, Washington
370:Porana sikhote-alinensis
1321:Tindale, N. B. (1985).
1266:Scudder, S. H. (1890).
1036:was first described as
802:were first reported by
753:were first reported by
678:near Horsefly, and the
662:occurrence is from the
592: million years ago
439:is an extinct genus of
1381:10.1525/auk.2009.07178
1062:
981:range notably larger.
971:Florissantia ashwillii
965:Florissantia ashwillii
909:
893:
841:The first instance of
749:Fossils now placed in
654:51.2 to 49.4
521:
487:Florissantia ashwillii
1829:Paleobiology Database
1421:10.4202/app.2008.0311
1053:
960:on the outer surface
904:
888:
790:Florissantia physalis
765:and described as the
701:which is part of the
513:
393:Florissantia physalis
265:(Knowlton) Manchester
1922:Tranquille Formation
1907:Florissant Formation
1733:at Wikimedia Commons
1045:Florissantia speirii
918:radially symmetrical
767:morning glory family
763:Florissant Formation
714:F. sikhote-alinensis
696:and Early Oligocene
674:near Princeton, the
638:Republic, Washington
573:Florissant Formation
519:Florissant Formation
515:Florissantia speirii
481:Florissantia speirii
420:Holmskioldia speirii
361:F. sikhote-alinensis
289:F. sikhote-alinensis
1657:10.4039/tce.2018.13
1596:2011ZooK..130..217P
1504:Sedimentary Geology
1459:2005CaJES..42..151D
468:compression fossils
451:known from western
374:Kryshtofovich, 1921
1523:Washington Geology
1063:
910:
894:
815:Hydrangea bendirei
698:John Day Formation
522:
1897:Allenby Formation
1844:
1843:
1816:Open Tree of Life
1743:Taxon identifiers
1727:Media related to
1365:Palaeospiza bella
1087:The structure of
940:arises. A single
852:Viburnum palmatum
845:was published by
718:Khutsin Formation
672:Allenby Formation
656:million years ago
596:Katalla Formation
585:sanidine crystals
567:The type species
432:
431:
323:Viburnum palmatum
266:
16:(Redirected from
1934:
1927:Clarno Formation
1887:Malvaceae genera
1867:Oligocene plants
1837:
1836:
1824:
1823:
1811:
1810:
1798:
1797:
1785:
1784:
1783:
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1738:
1726:
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1710:
1694:
1688:
1687:
1675:
1669:
1668:
1634:
1628:
1627:
1617:
1607:
1590:(130): 217β228.
1579:
1573:
1572:
1552:
1546:
1545:
1537:
1531:
1530:
1518:
1512:
1511:
1498:
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1342:10.5962/p.266764
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1188:
1152:
1001:F. quilchenensis
906:F. quilchenensis
890:F. quilchenensis
873:specific epithet
800:F. quilchenensis
703:Fisher Formation
692:, Latest Eocene
690:Clarno Formation
680:Driftwood Shales
660:F. quilchenensis
657:
650:
610:F. quilchenensis
593:
562:Russian far east
534:British Columbia
455:and far eastern
441:flowering plants
425:
424:MacGinitie, 1953
416:
415:Lesquereux, 1883
407:
398:
387:
375:
364:
352:
341:
338:F. quilchenensis
328:
317:
284:F. quilchenensis
264:
257:
155:
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130:
120:
57:
47:Temporal range:
39:
21:
1942:
1941:
1937:
1936:
1935:
1933:
1932:
1931:
1912:Horsefly Shales
1847:
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1801:
1793:
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1467:10.1139/e04-084
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1221:10.2307/2666183
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1177:10.2307/2444909
1171:(9): 996β1008.
1154:
1153:
1122:
1118:
1085:
1048:
1031:
998:
975:F. quichenensis
968:
958:colpi apertures
936:from which the
899:
747:
720:exposed in the
676:Horsefly Shales
664:early Oligocene
652:
645:
588:
508:
476:Early Oligocene
474:through to the
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68:
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49:
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35:
28:
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15:
12:
11:
5:
1940:
1938:
1930:
1929:
1924:
1919:
1914:
1909:
1904:
1902:Coldwater Beds
1899:
1894:
1889:
1884:
1879:
1874:
1869:
1864:
1859:
1857:Sterculioideae
1849:
1848:
1842:
1841:
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1838:
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1812:
1799:
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1735:
1734:
1718:
1717:External links
1715:
1713:
1712:
1689:
1670:
1651:(3): 393β403.
1629:
1574:
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1493:
1472:
1453:(2): 151β166.
1427:
1394:
1355:
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1258:
1234:
1215:(2): 472β522.
1190:
1119:
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1047:
1042:
1030:
1025:
997:
992:
967:
962:
934:androgynophore
898:
895:
832:Quilchena site
782:Porana similis
755:Leo Lesquereux
746:
743:
507:
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449:Sterculioideae
430:
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427:
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411:Porana speirii
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406:Knowlton, 1916
402:Porana similis
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397:Knowlton, 1916
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1862:Eocene plants
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1079:collections.
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829:
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824:Porana speiri
821:
817:
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811:
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797:
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729:(2005), Peng
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453:North America
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82:
77:
72:
67:
62:
56:
52:
44:
40:
37:
33:
19:
1751:Florissantia
1750:
1730:Florissantia
1729:
1706:
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1683:
1679:
1673:
1648:
1642:
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1587:
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1496:
1475:
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1446:
1411:
1407:
1397:
1372:
1368:
1364:
1358:
1336:(1): 31β40.
1333:
1329:
1316:
1307:
1303:
1290:
1271:
1261:
1212:
1208:
1168:
1164:
1159:Florissantia
1158:
1105:Florissantia
1104:
1089:Florissantia
1088:
1086:
1083:Paleoecology
1074:
1070:Florissantia
1069:
1065:
1064:
1054:
1044:
1037:
1033:
1032:
1027:
1021:F. ashwillii
1020:
1016:
1013:F. ashwillii
1012:
1005:Florissantia
1004:
1000:
999:
994:
987:
982:
978:
974:
970:
969:
964:
914:Florissantia
913:
911:
905:
889:
875:
865:F. ashwillii
864:
860:
857:Florissantia
856:
850:
843:F. ashwillii
842:
840:
836:Florissantia
835:
827:
823:
813:
807:
799:
794:
789:
786:Florissantia
785:
781:
770:
751:Florissantia
750:
748:
730:
726:
722:Sikhote Alin
713:
711:
707:F. ashwillii
706:
694:Goshen flora
686:F. ashwillii
685:
684:
668:Florissantia
667:
659:
618:McAbee sites
609:
608:
602:was made by
568:
566:
526:Florissantia
525:
523:
514:
506:Distribution
498:
497:
492:
491:
486:
485:
480:
479:
472:Early Eocene
436:Florissantia
435:
434:
433:
419:
410:
401:
392:
383:
369:
360:
346:
337:
322:
314:F. ashwillii
313:
293:
288:
283:
279:F. ashwillii
278:
260:Florissantia
259:
258:
209:
196:
183:
170:
135:
43:Florissantia
42:
36:
1775:Wikispecies
983:F. ashwilli
897:Description
861:V. palmatum
761:) from the
737:or perhaps
640:, northern
524:Fossils of
329:(pro part)
242:Subfamily:
190:Angiosperms
1851:Categories
1709:: 137β162.
1686:: 209β216.
1571:: 114β140.
1529:(3): 3β16.
1116:References
1093:pollinated
1066:F. speirii
1057:with long
1017:F. speirii
988:F. speirii
979:F. speirii
946:androecium
822:(1935) in
735:Priabonian
604:Jack Wolfe
569:F. speirii
554:Washington
459:. Flower,
447:subfamily
384:F. speirii
294:F. speirii
1510:(online).
1350:109301568
1101:nectaries
876:ashwillii
809:Hydrangea
614:Falklands
581:Oligocene
445:Malvaceae
236:Malvaceae
160:Kingdom:
55:Oligocene
1766:Q5461909
1760:Wikidata
1665:90119028
1639:Eomerope
1624:22259278
1389:85597698
1009:pedicels
926:pedicels
880:patronym
812:species
778:Knowlton
769:species
739:Rupelian
632:and the
560:and the
538:Colorado
386:synonymy
363:synonymy
340:synonymy
316:synonymy
303:Synonyms
271:Species
232:Family:
226:Malvales
203:Eudicots
1821:5330191
1808:1084836
1795:3234019
1615:3260761
1592:Bibcode
1588:ZooKeys
1559:Craigia
1455:Bibcode
1369:The Auk
1310:: 1β66.
1274:: 615.
1229:2666183
1185:2444909
1097:pendant
1061:showing
1059:pedicel
954:anthers
950:stamens
796:Calyxes
774:speirii
577:Miocene
558:Wyoming
542:Montana
443:in the
252:Genus:
222:Order:
164:Plantae
1680:Syesis
1663:
1622:
1612:
1508:105969
1387:
1348:
1278:
1227:
1183:
1110:samara
1038:Porana
930:petals
922:sepals
863:. The
847:Chaney
772:Porana
624:, the
600:Alaska
546:Oregon
530:Alaska
496:, and
465:pollen
463:, and
216:Rosids
51:Eocene
1834:53622
1803:IRMNG
1661:S2CID
1443:(PDF)
1385:S2CID
1346:S2CID
1326:(PDF)
1300:(PDF)
1225:JSTOR
1181:JSTOR
942:style
938:ovary
878:as a
820:Brown
804:Berry
731:et al
727:et al
628:near
620:near
590:34.07
461:fruit
210:Clade
197:Clade
184:Clade
171:Clade
1790:GBIF
1620:PMID
1276:ISBN
912:All
759:1883
647:51.5
616:and
550:Utah
457:Asia
61:Preκ
1653:doi
1649:150
1610:PMC
1600:doi
1482:doi
1463:doi
1416:doi
1377:doi
1373:126
1338:doi
1247:doi
1217:doi
1173:doi
798:of
788:as
636:in
1853::
1831::
1818::
1805::
1792::
1777::
1762::
1705:.
1699:in
1682:.
1659:.
1647:.
1618:.
1608:.
1598:.
1586:.
1567:.
1563:.
1527:23
1525:.
1506:.
1461:.
1451:42
1449:.
1445:.
1430:^
1412:53
1410:.
1406:.
1383:.
1371:.
1344:.
1334:24
1332:.
1328:.
1308:70
1306:.
1302:.
1270:.
1237:^
1223:.
1213:86
1211:.
1207:.
1193:^
1179:.
1169:79
1167:.
1163:.
1123:^
1023:.
990:.
838:.
792:.
741:.
598:,
564:.
556:,
552:,
548:,
544:,
540:,
536:,
532:,
517:,
502:.
490:,
212::
199::
186::
173::
111:Pg
1707:4
1684:4
1667:.
1655::
1626:.
1602::
1594::
1569:1
1490:.
1484::
1469:.
1465::
1457::
1424:.
1418::
1391:.
1379::
1352:.
1340::
1284:.
1255:.
1249::
1231:.
1219::
1187:.
1175::
757:(
256:β
116:N
106:K
101:J
96:T
91:P
86:C
81:D
76:S
71:O
66:κ
53:-
34:.
20:)
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