313:, philosophy lecturer Daniel Williams criticizes the scientific support for the book's claims, writing, "Foolproof’s argument, then, is not so foolproof. At least on the relatively narrow definition that van der Linden uses in the book, misinformation is not widespread ... And effective misinformation lacks an intrinsic DNA that neatly distinguishes it from true and reliable content." Writing for
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disagrees with van der Linden on the aptness of the viral analogy to misinformation, and notes that the book ignores other historical issues, such as the education system being increasingly geared towards career training rather than teaching critical thinking. Jollimore also argues that bad actors
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strongly disagreed with
Williams, referring to the review as "specious" and "one-sided", containing logical fallacies such as posing the false dichotomy that the identification of misinformation is either fully context dependent or must have 'Foolproof' intrinsic DNA-like features. They argue the
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thought the book was "timely" and that "van der Linden goes well beyond what more impressionistic writers of conspiracy theories and misinformation can manage". Although he was encouraged by the experimental research, noting that "the brain can form a sort of habit of seeing the patterns in
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as one of the world's leading authorities on the psychology of misinformation and has been the lead scientist behind the development of psychological inoculation campaigns, a pre-emptive approach to fighting misinformation which has been implemented by the
27:
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effect. The second part of the book deals with the spread of misinformation in society and how it has evolved over time, especially on social media. He discusses empirical research which shows how models from epidemiology, such as the
229:. The final chapters of the book are solution-oriented. Van der Linden explores how people can become inoculated against misinformation by refuting it in advance using a weakened dose of the misinformation (akin to a medical
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about the psychology of misinformation, Van der Linden focuses on developing his theory of psychological inoculation against misinformation, which he also refers to as 'prebunking' (i.e. the opposite of traditional
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can make use of inoculation. Ultimately, he does agree with van der Linden that "prebunking is probably our best strategy for winning the misinformation wars". Writing for the
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The book is divided in three parts. The first part outlines why the human brain is susceptible to misinformation and
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and debunking are often insufficient due to the continued influence of misinformation in people's
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in the US could be a potential barrier to van der Linden's inoculation approach. Writing for the
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misinformation and recognising it as it arrives", Aaronovitch did wonder whether deep
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423:"Can we inoculate our brains against misinformation? A new book suggests we can"
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truth is in the middle and that
Foolproof is "astonishingly well-researched."
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233:). He illustrates this using interactive video games he co-developed such as
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134:, comparing it to how a virus spreads in the population. Although a broader
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460:"Homeland Security Funded this Game about Destabilizing a Small U.S. Town"
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186:. The book was listed as one of the best non-fictions books of 2023 by
389:"The Disinformation Vaccine: Is there a cure for conspiracy theories?"
555:"FOOLPROOF by Sander van der Linden Review - How to Defuse Fake News"
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734:"What We Get Wrong When We Claim That Misinformation is a 'Virus'"
498:"The 11 Best New NonFiction Books to Add to your TBR Pile in 2023"
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It's only fake-believe: how to deal with a conspiracy theorist
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580:"FOOLPROOF, how misinformation works, and how to counter it"
654:"Are you FOOLPROOF? Resisting the spread of disinformation"
370:"There's a psychological "vaccine" against misinformation"
170:, various governments, and social media companies such as
225:. The book also includes a chapter on the science behind
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details the reasons why traditional approaches such as
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126:. In the book, van der Linden makes the case for an
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151:Van der Linden is a professor of
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751:Williams, Daniel (2023-06-07).
605:"How to prebunk misinformation"
603:Robinson, Andrew (2023-06-09).
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732:Jollimore, Troy (2023-06-05).
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56:Psychology
811:Fake news
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