165:, the father sends with his child a certain number of cows, to which the same number is added by the fosterer. The father appropriates a proportionable extent of ground, without rent, for their pasturage. If every cow brings a calf, half belongs to the fosterer, and half to the child; but if there be only one calf between two cows, it is the child's, and when the child returns to the parent, it is accompanied by all the cows given, both by the father and by the fosterer, with half of the increase of the stock by propagation. These beasts are considered as a portion, and called Macalive cattle, of which the father has the produce, but is supposed not to have the full property, but to owe the same number to the child, as a portion to the daughter, or a stock for the son.
44:
528:
1671:
186:. Original family ties and rights of inheritance were not affected, nor was it required for the fostered child to be an orphan or for the biological father to be deceased. Moreover, the fostering of another man's child was regarded as a source of honor to the birth father; and conventionally the fostering party was of inferior social status to the biological father. An exception to this convention is found in
1695:
1683:
173:
Dalt, however, at his return, brought back a considerable number of
Macalive cattle, and of the friendship so formed there have been good effects. When Macdonald raised his rents, Macsweyn was, like other tenants, discontented, and, resigning his farm, removed from Sky to Col, and was established at Grissipol.
172:
Fosterage is, I believe, sometimes performed upon more liberal terms. Our friend, the young Laird of Col, was fostered by
Macsweyn of Grissipol. Macsweyn then lived a tenant to Sir James Macdonald in the Isle of Sky; and therefore Col, whether he sent him cattle or not, could grant him no land. The
168:
Children continue with the fosterer perhaps six years, and cannot, where this is the practice, be considered as burdensome. The fosterer, if he gives four cows, receives likewise four, and has, while the child continues with him, grass for eight without rent, with half the calves, and all the milk,
131:
In medieval
Highland society there was a system of fosterage among clan leaders, where boys and girls would leave their parents' house to be brought up in that of other chiefs, creating a fictive bond of kinship that helped cement alliances and mutual bonds of obligation.
1537:
30:
This article is about the (sometimes historical) social practice of children being raised by families not their own. For the modern child welfare system of placing children in state custody in the homes of temporary caregivers, see
161:, or tenant, to be fostered. It is not always his own tenant, but some distant friend that obtains this honour; for an honour such a trust is very reasonably thought. The terms of fosterage seem to vary in different islands. In
463:
McCutcheon, James, 2010. "Historical
Analysis and Contemporary Assessment of Foster Care in Texas: Perceptions of Social Workers in a Private, Non-Profit Foster Care Agency". Applied Research Projects.
1542:
201:
and the
Hebrides were ruled for long periods of time by Norse invaders during the Middle Ages; but it is unknown which culture was the original source of the custom of fosterage.
217:
taught children either for payment or for no compensation. Children were taught a particular trade and treated like family; their original family ties were often severed.
112:
can be organised by the state to care for children with troubled family backgrounds, usually on a temporary basis. In many pre-modern societies fosterage was a form of
54:
435:
Parkes, Peter. "Alternative Social
Structures and Foster Relations in the Hindu Kush. Milk Kinship Allegiance in Former Mountain Kingdoms of Northern Pakistan."
517:
1593:
137:
1699:
415:
1652:
1575:
1613:
1547:
456:
Parkes, Peter. "Milk
Kinship in Southeast Europe. Alternative Social Structures and Foster Relations in the Caucasus and the Balkans."
1657:
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88:
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108:
in that the child's parents, not the foster-parents, remain the acknowledged parents. In many modern western societies
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1303:
1261:
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116:, whereby influential families cemented political relationships by bringing up each other's children, similar to
421:
Smith, Llinos
Beverley. "Fosterage, adoption and God-parenthood. Ritual and fictive kinship in medieval Wales."
1645:
1169:
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952:
844:
1598:
1452:
1244:
937:
191:
194:, a very prominent man, fosters Hoskuld, the son of Thrain Sigfusson, after the death of Thrain in battle.
1511:
1379:
1369:
1234:
957:
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675:
465:
1731:
1491:
1293:
1097:
772:
442:
Parkes, Peter. "Fostering Fealty. A Comparative
Analysis of Tributary Allegiances of Adoptive Kinship."
370:, ed. by Patrick J. Duffy, David Edwards and Elizabeth FitzPatrick. Dublin: Four Courts, 2001. 138–49.
169:
for which he pays only four cows when he dismisses his Dalt, for that is the name for a foster child.
1506:
1457:
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359:
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117:
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Fitzsimons, Fiona. "Fosterage and
Gossiprid in late medieval Ireland. Some new evidence." In
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Parkes, Peter. "Celtic Fosterage: Adoptive Kinship and Clientage in Northwest Europe."
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McAll, C. "The normal paradigms of a woman's life in the Irish and Welsh texts." In
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Parkes, Peter. "Fosterage, Kinship, and Legend: When Milk was Thicker than Blood?"
162:
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32:
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The Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women
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157:, a man of wealth and eminence, sends his child, either male or female, to a
1174:
1047:
907:
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637:
113:
104:, the practice of a family bringing up a child not their own, differs from
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Ní Chonaill, Bronagh. "Fosterage. Child-rearing in medieval Ireland."
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591:
182:
Fosterage or "fostering" is frequently referred to in the medieval
611:
562:
214:
154:
1281:
499:
123:
This practice was once common in Ireland, Wales, and Scotland.
1092:
492:. Stroud: Sutton Publishing, 1999. Especially pp. 122–38.
37:
153:, though it is passing fast away, the custom of fosterage. A
368:
Gaelic Ireland, c.1250-c.1650. Land, lordship and settlement
1543:
Declaration on the elimination of violence against women
145:
described the fosterage custom as he saw it practised.
62:
339:. The Question of Fosterage in High Medieval Wales."
412:
Society for Comparative Study of Society and History
1622:
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271:
Kinship and Clientage: Highland Clanship, 1451–1609
120:, also based on dynastic or alliance calculations.
147:
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51:The examples and perspective in this article
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1594:International Center for Research on Women
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1073:
633:
548:
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451:Comparative Studies in Society and History
444:Comparative Studies in Society and History
437:Comparative Studies in Society and History
291:A Journey to the Western Isles of Scotland
138:A Journey to the Western Isles of Scotland
400:and Morfydd E. Owen. Cardiff, 1980. 7-22.
89:Learn how and when to remove this message
357:. The manners and morals of the Welsh."
341:North American Journal of Welsh Studies
241:
7:
1682:
1576:Office of Research on Women's Health
1694:
1614:Society for Women's Health Research
1548:International Day of the Girl Child
470:http://ecommons.txstate.edu/arp/332
1658:Birth control in the United States
25:
1553:Commission on the Status of Women
563:External female genitalia (vulva)
293:by Samuel Johnson. 1775 edition.
1693:
1681:
1670:
1669:
886:Assisted reproductive technology
526:
490:Childhood in Anglo-Saxon England
387:Cambrian Medieval Celtic Studies
350:. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1993.
225:There was similar custom in the
42:
852:Breastfeeding and mental health
308:"Fosterage in Ancient Ireland"
27:Raising another family's child
1:
1502:Social determinants of health
348:Early Irish and Welsh Kinship
178:Fosterage in Medieval Iceland
1497:Gender disparities in health
835:Mother-to-child transmission
1110:Pelvic inflammatory disease
1053:Hormone replacement therapy
617:Reproductive system disease
221:Fosterage in other cultures
149:There still remains in the
65:, discuss the issue on the
1753:
1604:Black Women's Health Study
671:Complications of pregnancy
353:Davies, Sir Robert Rees. "
330:Medieval Ireland and Wales
29:
1665:
1581:Women's Health Initiative
1434:Major depressive disorder
1262:Intimate partner violence
1123:Female genital mutilation
1118:
810:
346:Charles-Edwards, Thomas.
1170:Gynaecological disorders
986:Culture and menstruation
953:Contraceptive prevalence
845:Compulsory sterilization
1453:Urinary tract infection
1245:Abuse during childbirth
1370:Cardiovascular disease
958:Contraceptive security
891:In vitro fertilization
802:Postpartum confinement
676:Hyperemesis gravidarum
466:Texas State University
394:The Welsh law of women
355:Buchedd a moes y Cymry
335:Anderson, Katharine. "
175:
1492:Healthcare inequality
1294:Gender discrimination
1098:Human papilloma virus
773:Vesicovaginal fistula
414:48.2 (2006): 359–95.
297:accessed May 23, 2008
197:Portions of Ireland,
127:Fosterage in Scotland
1599:Nurses' Health Study
1507:Reproductive justice
1458:Urinary incontinence
1078:Sexually transmitted
933:Intrauterine devices
778:Rectovaginal fistula
768:Obstetrical fistulae
696:Gestational diabetes
691:Obstetrical bleeding
666:Adolescent pregnancy
651:Gravidity and parity
646:Unintended pregnancy
423:Welsh History Review
416:PDF available online
360:Welsh History Review
71:create a new article
63:improve this article
53:may not represent a
1737:Adoption in Ireland
1727:Culture of Scotland
1512:Women's empowerment
1380:Alzheimer's disease
1011:Cloth menstrual pad
968:Fertility awareness
938:Oral contraceptives
820:Perinatal mortality
483:Anglo-Saxon England
458:Social Anthropology
453:46 (2004): 587–615.
385:of the Ulstermen."
184:Sagas of Icelanders
1609:Cartwright Inquiry
1520:Politics, research
1338:Endometrial cancer
1192:Sexual intercourse
963:Planned parenthood
948:Male contraceptive
475:2012-03-18 at the
460:12 (2004): 341–58.
446:45 (2003): 741–82.
425:16:1 (1992): 1-35.
407:5:1 (1997): 28–31.
363:12 (1984): 155–79.
229:, called Atalik -
205:Literary fosterage
118:arranged marriages
1709:
1708:
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1348:Papanicolaou test
1304:Non-communicable
1272:Sexual harassment
1250:Domestic violence
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763:Retained placenta
681:Ectopic pregnancy
488:Crawford, Sally.
343:4:1 (2004): 1-11.
310:. Library Ireland
252:. Merriam-Webster
192:Njál Thorgeirsson
99:
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73:, as appropriate.
16:(Redirected from
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753:Obstructed labor
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439:43:4 (2001): 36.
389:37 (1999): 1-31.
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1237:against women
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1700:WikiProject
1387:Bone health
1323:Lung cancer
1160:Dyspareunia
1103:HPV vaccine
1043:Amenorrhoea
1038:Menorrhagia
876:Infertility
825:Stillbirths
686:Miscarriage
468:Paper 332.
375:Cú Chulainn
281:, pp. 81–2.
250:"Fosterage"
110:foster care
33:Foster care
1722:Family law
1716:Categories
1625:by country
1429:Depression
1080:infections
785:Episiotomy
725:Childbirth
656:Obstetrics
314:2012-06-16
279:9004150455
256:2012-06-16
237:References
188:Njáls saga
18:Foster son
1255:Pregnancy
1235:Violence
1175:Vaginitis
1048:Menopause
908:Fostering
898:Parenting
868:life plan
733:Midwifery
711:Eclampsia
638:Pregnancy
627:Maternal
396:, ed. by
114:patronage
102:Fosterage
79:July 2010
67:talk page
1676:Category
1636:Ethiopia
1558:UN Women
1375:Dementia
1306:diseases
1289:Femicide
1267:Misogyny
1187:Polygamy
1088:Safe sex
996:Menarche
903:Adoption
830:Abortion
748:Oxytocin
568:Clitoris
473:Archived
227:Caucasus
199:Scotland
190:, where
159:tacksman
106:adoption
61:You may
1688:Commons
1477:Poverty
1471:factors
1448:Urethra
1424:Anxiety
1406:Anaemia
1202:Puberty
1182:Leblouh
1068:Sexual
943:Condoms
151:Islands
135:In his
1653:Russia
1315:Cancer
1227:health
1197:Orgasm
1070:health
1021:Tampon
629:health
602:Uterus
597:Cervix
592:Vagina
543:health
379:gormac
277:
215:ollams
1641:India
1631:China
922:&
612:Ovary
555:tract
383:dalta
155:Laird
69:, or
1282:Rape
381:and
275:ISBN
163:Mull
1093:HIV
209:In
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