372:
231:
601:
86:
592:; each denticle has a diamond-shaped crown with three horizontal ridges. This shark is cream-colored with dark brownish to grayish mottling on the back and sides, and seven dark brown dorsal "saddles" on the body and tail. The mottling intensifies with age, while the saddles fade and may become obscured. Older sharks may also have a dark blotch on either side between the pectoral and pelvic fins. The underside is pale, with scant darker marks.
42:
494:
61:
545:
The maximum reported length of the blotchy swellshark is 1.4 m (4.6 ft). It has a firm, stout body with a soft, distensible abdomen, and a short, broad, flattened head. The snout is proportionately long and rounded, with large nostrils divided by short, triangular flaps of skin in front.
767:
are relatively large and thick, measuring around 12 cm (4.7 in) long and 7 cm (2.8 in) across. The capsule surface is smooth with lengthwise striations, and opaque cream in color with yellow margins. Long, coiled tendrils extend from the four corners of the capsule. When the
780:
have begun to develop, and light brown saddles are present. The eggs take roughly one year to hatch; newly emerged sharks measure 16–22 cm (6.3–8.7 in) long. From a series of captive rearing experiments, Sho Tanaka reported that hatchling sharks grew in length by up to 0.77 mm
558:, which are short and become progressively smaller posteriorly. The capacious mouth forms a broad arch, and lacks furrows at the corners. The small teeth have a central cusp flanked by a smaller cusplet on both sides. There are around 59
758:
at various stages of development. Pairs of eggs are laid at a time, one per oviduct. Females have been documented producing eggs even after years without male contact, suggesting that they may be able to store
301:. It can be identified by its dorsal coloration, consisting of seven brown "saddles" and extensive darker mottling on a light tan background. This species has often been confounded with the
1190:
Tanaka, S. (1990). "Age and growth studies on the calcified structures of newborn sharks in laboratory aquaria using tetracycline." NOAA Technical Report NMFS 90: 189–202.
620:; one recorded female 1 m (3.3 ft) long had 10 fish about 20 cm (7.9 in) long and 15 squid about 15 cm (5.9 in) long in her stomach. Predominantly
616:
with water or air. This allows the shark to wedge itself inside a rocky crevice, becoming extremely difficult to remove. This species is an opportunistic, highly voracious
585:
is large and broad, with the upper lobe longer than the lower and bearing a prominent ventral notch near the tip. The skin is thick and sparsely covered by large, well-
3010:
3126:
828:
352:
and reproduction occurs year-round. The eggs hatch after approximately one year. The blotchy swellshark is harmless and fares well in captivity. It is caught as
3036:
1059:
856:
Rigby, C.L.; Walls, R.H.L.; Derrick, D.; Dyldin, Y.V.; Herman, K.; Ishihara, H.; Jeong, C.-H.; Semba, Y.; Tanaka, S.; Volvenko, I.V.; Yamaguchi, A. (2021).
3136:
3141:
2984:
1283:
785:
at the size of 86–96 cm (34–38 in) and 92–104 cm (36–41 in) respectively; the growth rate after maturity is very low. Known
3062:
911:
1114:
3098:
1970:
1814:
3146:
293:. Reaching 1.4 m (4.6 ft) in length, this thick-bodied shark has a broad head, large mouth, and two unequally-sized
1934:
995:
Springer, S. (1979). "A revision of the catsharks, Family
Scyliorhinidae." NOAA Technical Report NMFS-Circ. 422: 1–152.
2321:
455:
differences". Some authors followed
Springer's judgment while others, particularly in Japan, preferred to keep referring to
85:
746:, and reproduction proceeds throughout the year with no obvious seasonal cycling. Adult females have a single functional
2372:
1276:
965:
Schaaf-Da Silva J.A. & D.A. Ebert (September 8, 2008). "A revision of the western North
Pacific swellsharks, genus
371:
2945:
2144:
1763:
1658:
604:
Cartilaginous fishes, such as this cloudy catshark, constitute a substantial portion of the blotchy swellshark's diet.
3041:
2006:
1961:
573:
have rounded apexes and are placed well back on the body, the first originating behind the midpoints of the small
2303:
2267:
2249:
2231:
2195:
2153:
1519:
1074:
764:
345:
3131:
2285:
2222:
2204:
2024:
1676:
473:
310:
463:
to a similar but smaller species sharing part of its range. This second species, once referred to as "pseudo-
2579:
1772:
1703:
1269:
646:
403:
324:
Voracious and opportunistic in feeding habits, the blotchy swellshark is known to consume numerous types of
2903:
2810:
2774:
2765:
2687:
2543:
2312:
1952:
1805:
969:
Gill 1862 (Chondrichthys: Carcharhiniformes: Scyliorhinidae), including descriptions of two new species".
714:
551:
2950:
2828:
2801:
2783:
2354:
1988:
1685:
1634:
1571:
1537:
1440:
880:
702:
318:
200:
230:
3103:
2096:
1943:
1865:
1754:
1616:
1501:
664:
655:
547:
340:
species, it is capable of rapidly inflating its body as a defense against predators. This species is
1247:(Annelida, Hirudinida, Piscicolidae) from elasmobranchs in Japanese waters, with new host records".
739:
are occasionally consumed. The dietary composition of juveniles varies notably from place to place.
2705:
2696:
2240:
2069:
2051:
2033:
1979:
1925:
1856:
1712:
1625:
1431:
1406:
1372:
1365:
581:
is nearly as large as the first dorsal fin and placed slightly ahead of the second dorsal fin. The
447:
302:
273:. The Blotchy swellshark is found at depths of 90–200 m (300–660 ft) in the northwestern
50:
600:
2837:
2588:
2534:
2501:
2423:
2186:
2078:
2015:
1997:
1667:
1589:
1580:
1564:
1546:
1447:
1413:
1356:
1225:
824:
669:
427:
383:
357:
333:
216:
80:
3015:
3075:
2958:
2819:
2747:
2606:
2561:
2345:
2276:
2177:
2120:
2042:
1883:
1598:
1555:
1528:
1492:
1483:
1465:
1456:
1336:
1217:
1110:
907:
637:
632:, including fast-swimming types that inhabit open water; significant prey species include the
534:
439:
387:
220:
157:
811:
Harmless to humans, the blotchy swellshark adapts readily to captivity and has reproduced in
3090:
3080:
3028:
2723:
2678:
2663:
2597:
2294:
1874:
1838:
1694:
1474:
1422:
1397:
1209:
1200:
Yamaguti, S. (1941). "Studies on the helminth fauna of Japan. 33. Nematodes of fishes, II".
1145:
Horie, T. & S. Tanaka (2002). "Reproduction and food habits of the
Japanese swellshark,
1031:
978:
940:
875:
546:
The small, horizontally oval eyes are placed high on the head and equipped with rudimentary
468:
435:
267:
41:
493:
3049:
2873:
2792:
2714:
2630:
2570:
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1916:
1892:
857:
832:
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777:
681:
589:
349:
177:
65:
2882:
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2552:
2474:
2465:
2441:
2432:
2414:
2399:
2381:
2363:
2258:
2213:
2135:
1847:
1796:
1781:
1510:
1388:
1379:
1324:
1318:
1293:
773:
693:
137:
127:
3120:
3023:
2510:
2483:
2450:
2060:
1745:
1736:
1721:
1607:
866:
723:
586:
502:
380:
274:
70:
1229:
944:
2963:
2864:
2756:
2738:
2654:
1901:
1060:"Taxonomy, comparative anatomy and phylogeny of Japanese catsharks, Scyliorhinidae"
820:
754:. The species is thought to be relatively prolific, as the ovary contains numerous
698:
689:
673:
566:
526:
452:
360:
329:
286:
459:. The taxonomy of this species was further muddled by the application of the name
17:
2997:
2492:
1829:
928:
559:
2926:
375:
The illustration that accompanied Jordan and Fowler's 1903 species description.
2855:
2621:
2525:
2336:
2111:
2087:
1347:
1213:
982:
719:
706:
582:
574:
570:
522:
518:
363:, though its population does not seem to have suffered from fishing activity.
298:
294:
612:, when threatened the blotchy swellshark is capable of rapidly inflating its
2645:
1649:
743:
668:. Unusually for such a small shark, it also feeds on at least 10 species of
629:
621:
555:
395:
341:
97:
1221:
3054:
2937:
1261:
1036:
1015:
2971:
2920:
1312:
790:
786:
677:
651:
633:
617:
578:
506:
431:
399:
270:
263:
167:
117:
2976:
1168:
Masuda, M.; S. Kametsuta & M. Teshima (1992). "Female swell sharks (
1151:
Journal of the School of Marine
Science and Technology, Tokai University
2989:
816:
751:
660:
642:
625:
613:
353:
259:
3002:
2168:
1306:
827:
within its range do not yet appear to have impacted its numbers. The
769:
736:
732:
514:
282:
107:
2897:
1172:) producing fertile eggs after a long separation from male sharks".
1016:"Aspects of reproduction and food habits of the Japanese swellshark
554:
lies closely behind each eye. Behind the spiracle are five pairs of
1174:
Journal of
Japanese Association of Zoological Gardens and Aquariums
1330:
797:
760:
747:
710:
609:
599:
510:
492:
417:
410:
370:
278:
147:
577:. The first dorsal fin is about twice as high as the second. The
497:
The blotchy swellshark can be found among rocks on the sea floor.
438:
prepared his 1979 review of the catsharks, and in its absence he
3067:
755:
728:
530:
325:
290:
2901:
1265:
851:
849:
847:
501:
The blotchy swellshark is known to inhabit the northwestern
1243:
Yamauchi, T.; Y. Ota & K. Nagasawa (August 20, 2008). "
960:
958:
956:
954:
430:
of the blotchy swellshark has a history of confusion. The
1067:
Memoirs of the
Faculty of Fisheries, Hokkaido University
1024:
Bulletin of the
Japanese Society of Scientific Fisheries
569:
are moderately large and wide, with rounded tips. The
477:. Recently, the holotype was found again, and in 2008
562:
in the upper jaw and 62 tooth rows in the lower jaw.
390:
described the blotchy swellshark in a 1903 volume of
2910:
2736:
2676:
2643:
2619:
2523:
2463:
2412:
2334:
2166:
2133:
2109:
1914:
1827:
1794:
1734:
1647:
1345:
902:Compagno, L.J.V.; M. Dando & S. Fowler (2005).
881:
10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T169232956A124533854.en
1132:Sharks & Rays: Elasmobranch Guide of the World
929:"A review of the elasmobranchiate fishes of Japan"
434:dried skin could not be located when shark expert
927:Jordan, D.S. & H.W. Fowler (March 30, 1903).
781:(0.03 in) per day. Males and females attain
933:Proceedings of the United States National Museum
906:. Princeton University Press. pp. 218–219.
537:, at depths of 90–200 m (300–660 ft).
392:Proceedings of the United States National Museum
1149:(family Scyliorhinidae) in Suruga Bay, Japan".
829:International Union for Conservation of Nature
1277:
348:eggs two at a time. There is no well-defined
8:
416:, meaning "shaded") and assigned it to the
332:, including an unusually high diversity of
2898:
1284:
1270:
1262:
1009:
1007:
1005:
1003:
1001:
485:by Jayna Schaaf-Da Silva and David Ebert.
394:, based on a 98 cm (39 in) long
229:
59:
40:
31:
1100:
1098:
1096:
1094:
1035:
879:
1053:
1051:
1049:
1047:
843:
727:spp., are also frequently taken, while
1134:. IKAN-Unterwasserarchiv. p. 103.
772:is 11 cm (4.3 in) long, the
3127:IUCN Red List near threatened species
624:, this species is known to prey upon
7:
705:smaller members of its own species.
1107:Reef Sharks & Rays of the World
867:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
750:, on the right, and two functional
550:(protective third eyelids). A tiny
1971:Australian reticulate swellshark (
1815:Australian blackspotted catshark (
481:was re-described as distinct from
25:
823:and brought to market. Intensive
521:. Its range may extend as far as
238:Range of the blotchy swell shark
3137:Taxa named by David Starr Jordan
1935:Circle-blotch pygmy swellshark (
701:(including their eggs). It also
84:
3142:Taxa named by Henry Weed Fowler
1109:. Sea Challengers. p. 53.
945:10.5479/si.00963801.26-1324.593
471:, has since been identified as
2373:Indonesian speckled catshark (
451:on the basis of "inconclusive
1:
2322:Springer's sawtail catshark (
2145:Australian sawtail catshark (
1764:Australian marbled catshark (
1659:Australian spotted catshark (
525:. This abundant species is a
297:positioned far back past the
2007:Leopard-spotted swellshark (
789:of this species include the
2304:Blacktip sawtail catshark (
2268:Broadfin sawtail catshark (
2250:Southern sawtail catshark (
2232:Longnose sawtail catshark (
2196:Atlantic sawtail catshark (
2154:Northern sawtail catshark (
1520:Black roughscale catshark (
1202:Japanese Journal of Zoology
628:and at least 50 species of
289:in nature and favors rocky
3163:
2286:African sawtail catshark (
2223:Slender sawtail catshark (
2205:Longfin sawtail catshark (
2025:Sarawak pygmy swellshark (
1677:Western spotted catshark (
874:: e.T169232956A124533854.
819:by Japanese and Taiwanese
794:Porrocaecum cephaloscyllii
742:The blotchy swellshark is
608:Like other members of its
402:, Japan. They gave it the
2912:Cephaloscyllium umbratile
1773:Eastern banded catshark (
1704:Orange spotted catshark (
1301:
1214:10.1017/s0022149x00017788
1170:Cephaloscyllium umbratile
1147:Cephaloscyllium umbratile
1018:Cephaloscyllium umbratile
983:10.11646/zootaxa.1872.1.1
860:Cephaloscyllium umbratile
479:Cephaloscyllium umbratile
398:originally obtained from
255:Cephaloscyllium umbratile
237:
228:
210:Cephaloscyllium umbratile
206:
199:
81:Scientific classification
79:
57:
48:
39:
34:
2811:Cinder cloudy catshark (
2775:Yellowspotted catshark (
2766:Small-spotted catshark (
2688:Narrowmouthed catshark (
2544:White-clasper catshark (
2313:Dwarf sawtail catshark (
1953:Reticulated swellshark (
1806:New Caledonia catshark (
1245:Stibarobdella macrothela
1130:Hennemann, R.F. (2001).
831:(IUCN) has listed it as
801:Stibarobdella macrothela
489:Distribution and habitat
311:Sarawak pygmy swellshark
2829:Whitesaddled catshark (
2802:Brownspotted catshark (
2784:West African catshark (
2355:Blackspotted catshark (
1989:Australian swellshark (
1686:Pale spotted catshark (
1635:Panama ghost catshark (
1572:Spatulasnout catshark (
1538:Smalldorsal cat shark (
647:Sardinops melanostictus
3147:Fish described in 1903
2097:Narrowbar swellshark (
1866:New Zealand catshark (
1755:Banded sand catshark (
1617:South China catshark (
1502:Broadmouth cat shark (
1105:Michael, S.W. (1993).
1073:: 1–94. Archived from
605:
498:
376:
344:, with females laying
2706:Narrowtail catshark (
2697:Redspotted catshark (
2580:McMillan's catshark (
2241:Blackmouth catshark (
2070:Blotchy swell shark (
2052:Speckled swellshark (
2034:Flagtail swellshark (
1980:Draughtsboard shark (
1926:Whitefin swellshark (
1857:Broadhead cat shark (
1713:Variegated catshark (
1626:Spongehead catshark (
1432:Smallbelly catshark (
1037:10.2331/suisan.54.627
1014:Taniuchi, T. (1988).
688:, and its eggs), the
686:Scyliorhinus torazame
603:
548:nictitating membranes
496:
374:
319:scientific literature
2589:Blackgill catshark (
2535:White-tip catshark (
2502:White-spotted Izak (
2424:Puffadder shyshark (
2187:Roughtail catshark (
2079:Saddled swellshark (
2016:Painted swellshark (
1998:Spotted swellshark (
1962:Formosa swellshark (
1590:Broadgill catshark (
1581:Deepwater catshark (
1547:Largenose catshark (
1448:Broadnose catshark (
1414:Humpback cat shark (
1357:Flatnose cat shark (
776:have been lost, the
715:Doryteuthis bleekeri
670:cartilaginous fishes
665:Physiculus japonicus
656:Thamnaconus modestus
529:that inhabits rocky
334:cartilaginous fishes
2838:Blotched catshark (
2820:Freckled catshark (
2748:Polkadot catshark (
2607:Filetail catshark (
2562:Campeche catshark (
2346:Speckled catshark (
2277:Peppered catshark (
2178:Antilles catshark (
2121:Lollipop catshark (
2043:Indian swellshark (
1944:Cook's swellshark (
1884:Spotless catshark (
1668:Blotched catshark (
1599:Saldanha catshark (
1556:Smallfin catshark (
1529:Smalleye catshark (
1493:Flathead catshark (
1484:Longhead catshark (
1466:Longnose catshark (
1457:Japanese catshark (
1058:Nakaya, K. (1975).
1020:from Choshi, Japan"
904:Sharks of the World
817:caught incidentally
763:. The purse-shaped
596:Biology and ecology
303:draughtsboard shark
266:, belonging to the
250:Japanese swellshark
51:Conservation status
35:Blotchy swellshark
2724:Slender catshark (
2664:Leopard catshark (
2598:Salamander shark (
2295:Phallic catshark (
1875:Bristly catshark (
1839:Arabian catshark (
1475:Iceland catshark (
1423:Longfin catshark (
1398:Flaccid catshark (
825:commercial fishing
815:. This species is
807:Human interactions
680:(particularly the
606:
499:
384:David Starr Jordan
377:
246:blotchy swellshark
18:Formosa swellshark
3114:
3113:
3076:Open Tree of Life
2904:Taxon identifiers
2895:
2894:
2874:Cloudy catshark (
2793:Comoro catshark (
2715:Lizard catshark (
2631:Onefin catshark (
2591:P. melanobranchus
2571:Velvet catshark (
2537:P. albimarginatus
2391:Quagga catshark (
1893:Sombre catshark (
1540:A. micropterygeus
1450:A. investigatoris
1337:Carcharhiniformes
939:(1324): 593–674.
913:978-0-691-12072-0
638:Scomber japonicus
535:continental shelf
388:Henry Weed Fowler
242:
241:
192:C. umbratile
158:Carcharhiniformes
74:
16:(Redirected from
3154:
3107:
3106:
3094:
3093:
3084:
3083:
3071:
3070:
3058:
3057:
3045:
3044:
3032:
3031:
3019:
3018:
3006:
3005:
2993:
2992:
2980:
2979:
2967:
2966:
2954:
2953:
2941:
2940:
2931:
2930:
2929:
2899:
2883:Dwarf catshark (
2847:Chain catshark (
2679:Schroederichthys
2633:P. profundicolus
2564:P. campechiensis
2553:Beige catshark (
2475:Honeycomb Izak (
2442:Natal shyshark (
2433:Brown shyshark (
2400:Rusty catshark (
2382:Tiger catshark (
2364:Lined catshark (
2259:Mouse catshark (
2214:Gecko catshark (
1937:C. circulopullum
1848:Dusky catshark (
1782:Coral catshark (
1695:Dwarf catshark (
1574:A. platyrhynchus
1511:Ghost catshark (
1495:A. macrorhynchus
1486:A. longicephalus
1389:Hoary catshark (
1380:Brown catshark (
1286:
1279:
1272:
1263:
1257:
1256:
1240:
1234:
1233:
1197:
1191:
1188:
1182:
1181:
1165:
1159:
1158:
1142:
1136:
1135:
1127:
1121:
1120:
1102:
1089:
1088:
1086:
1085:
1079:
1064:
1055:
1042:
1041:
1039:
1011:
996:
993:
987:
986:
962:
949:
948:
924:
918:
917:
899:
893:
892:
890:
888:
883:
853:
813:public aquariums
778:dermal denticles
590:dermal denticles
517:, including the
469:Leonard Compagno
436:Stewart Springer
404:specific epithet
396:stuffed dry skin
233:
212:
89:
88:
68:
63:
62:
44:
32:
27:Species of shark
21:
3162:
3161:
3157:
3156:
3155:
3153:
3152:
3151:
3132:Cephaloscyllium
3117:
3116:
3115:
3110:
3102:
3097:
3089:
3087:
3079:
3074:
3066:
3061:
3053:
3050:Observation.org
3048:
3040:
3035:
3027:
3022:
3014:
3009:
3001:
2996:
2988:
2983:
2975:
2970:
2962:
2957:
2949:
2944:
2936:
2934:
2925:
2924:
2919:
2906:
2896:
2891:
2813:S. hachijoensis
2732:
2717:S. saurisqualus
2672:
2639:
2615:
2519:
2511:Izak catshark (
2495:H. melanostigma
2484:Grinning Izak (
2459:
2451:Dark shyshark (
2408:
2330:
2234:G. longirostris
2162:
2129:
2105:
2061:Balloon shark (
2027:C. sarawakensis
1917:Cephaloscyllium
1910:
1823:
1790:
1746:Bali catshark (
1730:
1722:Gulf catshark (
1715:A. submaculatus
1643:
1608:Pale catshark (
1341:
1297:
1290:
1260:
1242:
1241:
1237:
1199:
1198:
1194:
1189:
1185:
1167:
1166:
1162:
1144:
1143:
1139:
1129:
1128:
1124:
1117:
1104:
1103:
1092:
1083:
1081:
1077:
1062:
1057:
1056:
1045:
1013:
1012:
999:
994:
990:
967:Cephaloscyllium
964:
963:
952:
926:
925:
921:
914:
901:
900:
896:
886:
884:
855:
854:
845:
841:
833:Near Threatened
821:bottom trawlers
809:
783:sexual maturity
682:cloudy catshark
598:
543:
491:
474:C. sarawakensis
421:Cephaloscyllium
369:
350:breeding season
338:Cephaloscyllium
315:C. sarawakensis
224:
214:
208:
195:
179:Cephaloscyllium
83:
75:
66:Near Threatened
64:
60:
53:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3160:
3158:
3150:
3149:
3144:
3139:
3134:
3129:
3119:
3118:
3112:
3111:
3109:
3108:
3095:
3085:
3072:
3059:
3046:
3033:
3020:
3007:
2994:
2981:
2968:
2955:
2942:
2932:
2916:
2914:
2908:
2907:
2902:
2893:
2892:
2890:
2889:
2880:
2871:
2865:Izu catshark (
2862:
2853:
2844:
2835:
2826:
2817:
2808:
2799:
2795:S. comoroensis
2790:
2781:
2772:
2763:
2757:Boa catshark (
2754:
2744:
2742:
2734:
2733:
2731:
2730:
2721:
2712:
2703:
2694:
2684:
2682:
2674:
2673:
2671:
2670:
2666:P. pantherinum
2661:
2655:Pyjama shark (
2651:
2649:
2641:
2640:
2638:
2637:
2627:
2625:
2617:
2616:
2614:
2613:
2604:
2595:
2586:
2577:
2568:
2559:
2550:
2541:
2531:
2529:
2521:
2520:
2518:
2517:
2508:
2499:
2490:
2481:
2471:
2469:
2466:Holohalaelurus
2461:
2460:
2458:
2457:
2448:
2444:H. kistnasamyi
2439:
2430:
2420:
2418:
2415:Haploblepharus
2410:
2409:
2407:
2406:
2397:
2388:
2379:
2370:
2361:
2352:
2342:
2340:
2332:
2331:
2329:
2328:
2319:
2310:
2301:
2292:
2283:
2274:
2270:G. nipponensis
2265:
2256:
2247:
2238:
2229:
2220:
2211:
2202:
2193:
2184:
2180:G. antillensis
2174:
2172:
2164:
2163:
2161:
2160:
2151:
2141:
2139:
2131:
2130:
2128:
2127:
2117:
2115:
2107:
2106:
2104:
2103:
2094:
2085:
2076:
2067:
2058:
2049:
2040:
2031:
2022:
2013:
2004:
1995:
1986:
1977:
1968:
1959:
1950:
1941:
1932:
1922:
1920:
1912:
1911:
1909:
1908:
1902:Mud catshark (
1899:
1890:
1886:B. immaculatus
1881:
1872:
1863:
1854:
1845:
1835:
1833:
1825:
1824:
1822:
1821:
1812:
1802:
1800:
1797:Aulohalaelurus
1792:
1791:
1789:
1788:
1779:
1770:
1761:
1752:
1742:
1740:
1732:
1731:
1729:
1728:
1719:
1710:
1706:A. rubiginosus
1701:
1692:
1683:
1674:
1665:
1655:
1653:
1645:
1644:
1642:
1641:
1632:
1623:
1614:
1605:
1596:
1587:
1583:A. profundorum
1578:
1569:
1562:
1558:A. parvipinnis
1553:
1544:
1535:
1526:
1522:A. melanoasper
1517:
1508:
1504:A. macrostomus
1499:
1490:
1481:
1477:A. laurussonii
1472:
1463:
1454:
1445:
1438:
1429:
1420:
1411:
1404:
1395:
1386:
1377:
1370:
1363:
1353:
1351:
1343:
1342:
1340:
1339:
1333:
1327:
1325:Elasmobranchii
1321:
1319:Chondrichthyes
1315:
1309:
1302:
1299:
1298:
1291:
1289:
1288:
1281:
1274:
1266:
1259:
1258:
1235:
1208:(3): 343–396.
1192:
1183:
1160:
1137:
1122:
1115:
1090:
1043:
1030:(4): 627–633.
997:
988:
950:
919:
912:
894:
842:
840:
837:
808:
805:
774:external gills
694:Narke japonica
674:lantern sharks
597:
594:
542:
539:
527:bottom-dweller
490:
487:
381:ichthyologists
368:
365:
271:Scyliorhinidae
258:) is a common
240:
239:
235:
234:
226:
225:
215:
204:
203:
197:
196:
189:
187:
183:
182:
175:
171:
170:
168:Scyliorhinidae
165:
161:
160:
155:
151:
150:
145:
141:
140:
138:Elasmobranchii
135:
131:
130:
128:Chondrichthyes
125:
121:
120:
115:
111:
110:
105:
101:
100:
95:
91:
90:
77:
76:
58:
55:
54:
49:
46:
45:
37:
36:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3159:
3148:
3145:
3143:
3140:
3138:
3135:
3133:
3130:
3128:
3125:
3124:
3122:
3105:
3100:
3096:
3092:
3086:
3082:
3077:
3073:
3069:
3064:
3060:
3056:
3051:
3047:
3043:
3038:
3034:
3030:
3025:
3021:
3017:
3012:
3008:
3004:
2999:
2995:
2991:
2986:
2982:
2978:
2973:
2969:
2965:
2960:
2956:
2952:
2947:
2943:
2939:
2933:
2928:
2922:
2918:
2917:
2915:
2913:
2909:
2905:
2900:
2888:
2886:
2881:
2879:
2877:
2872:
2870:
2868:
2863:
2861:
2859:
2854:
2852:
2850:
2845:
2843:
2841:
2836:
2834:
2832:
2827:
2825:
2823:
2818:
2816:
2814:
2809:
2807:
2805:
2800:
2798:
2796:
2791:
2789:
2787:
2782:
2780:
2778:
2773:
2771:
2769:
2764:
2762:
2760:
2755:
2753:
2751:
2746:
2745:
2743:
2741:
2740:
2735:
2729:
2727:
2722:
2720:
2718:
2713:
2711:
2709:
2704:
2702:
2700:
2695:
2693:
2691:
2686:
2685:
2683:
2681:
2680:
2675:
2669:
2667:
2662:
2660:
2658:
2653:
2652:
2650:
2648:
2647:
2642:
2636:
2634:
2629:
2628:
2626:
2624:
2623:
2618:
2612:
2610:
2605:
2603:
2601:
2596:
2594:
2592:
2587:
2585:
2583:
2582:P. macmillani
2578:
2576:
2574:
2569:
2567:
2565:
2560:
2558:
2556:
2551:
2549:
2547:
2542:
2540:
2538:
2533:
2532:
2530:
2528:
2527:
2522:
2516:
2514:
2509:
2507:
2505:
2500:
2498:
2496:
2493:Crying Izak (
2491:
2489:
2487:
2482:
2480:
2478:
2473:
2472:
2470:
2468:
2467:
2462:
2456:
2454:
2449:
2447:
2445:
2440:
2438:
2436:
2431:
2429:
2427:
2422:
2421:
2419:
2417:
2416:
2411:
2405:
2403:
2398:
2396:
2394:
2389:
2387:
2385:
2384:H. natalensis
2380:
2378:
2376:
2371:
2369:
2367:
2362:
2360:
2358:
2353:
2351:
2349:
2344:
2343:
2341:
2339:
2338:
2333:
2327:
2325:
2320:
2318:
2316:
2311:
2309:
2307:
2302:
2300:
2298:
2293:
2291:
2289:
2284:
2282:
2280:
2275:
2273:
2271:
2266:
2264:
2262:
2257:
2255:
2253:
2252:G. mincaronei
2248:
2246:
2244:
2243:G. melastomus
2239:
2237:
2235:
2230:
2228:
2226:
2221:
2219:
2217:
2212:
2210:
2208:
2203:
2201:
2199:
2198:G. atlanticus
2194:
2192:
2190:
2185:
2183:
2181:
2176:
2175:
2173:
2171:
2170:
2165:
2159:
2157:
2152:
2150:
2148:
2143:
2142:
2140:
2138:
2137:
2132:
2126:
2124:
2119:
2118:
2116:
2114:
2113:
2108:
2102:
2100:
2095:
2093:
2091:
2090:C. ventriosum
2086:
2084:
2082:
2081:C. variegatum
2077:
2075:
2073:
2068:
2066:
2064:
2059:
2057:
2055:
2050:
2048:
2046:
2041:
2039:
2037:
2032:
2030:
2028:
2023:
2021:
2019:
2014:
2012:
2010:
2009:C. pardelotum
2005:
2003:
2001:
1996:
1994:
1992:
1987:
1985:
1983:
1978:
1976:
1974:
1973:C. hicosellum
1969:
1967:
1965:
1964:C. formosanum
1960:
1958:
1956:
1951:
1949:
1947:
1942:
1940:
1938:
1933:
1931:
1929:
1928:C. albipinnum
1924:
1923:
1921:
1919:
1918:
1913:
1907:
1905:
1900:
1898:
1896:
1891:
1889:
1887:
1882:
1880:
1878:
1873:
1871:
1869:
1864:
1862:
1860:
1855:
1853:
1851:
1846:
1844:
1842:
1837:
1836:
1834:
1832:
1831:
1826:
1820:
1818:
1813:
1811:
1809:
1804:
1803:
1801:
1799:
1798:
1793:
1787:
1785:
1784:A. marmoratus
1780:
1778:
1776:
1771:
1769:
1767:
1762:
1760:
1758:
1753:
1751:
1749:
1744:
1743:
1741:
1739:
1738:
1737:Atelomycterus
1733:
1727:
1725:
1720:
1718:
1716:
1711:
1709:
1707:
1702:
1700:
1698:
1693:
1691:
1689:
1684:
1682:
1680:
1675:
1673:
1671:
1666:
1664:
1662:
1657:
1656:
1654:
1652:
1651:
1646:
1640:
1638:
1633:
1631:
1629:
1628:A. spongiceps
1624:
1622:
1620:
1615:
1613:
1611:
1606:
1604:
1602:
1597:
1595:
1593:
1588:
1586:
1584:
1579:
1577:
1575:
1570:
1568:
1567:
1563:
1561:
1559:
1554:
1552:
1550:
1545:
1543:
1541:
1536:
1534:
1532:
1527:
1525:
1523:
1518:
1516:
1514:
1509:
1507:
1505:
1500:
1498:
1496:
1491:
1489:
1487:
1482:
1480:
1478:
1473:
1471:
1469:
1464:
1462:
1460:
1455:
1453:
1451:
1446:
1444:
1443:
1442:A. internatus
1439:
1437:
1435:
1430:
1428:
1426:
1421:
1419:
1417:
1412:
1410:
1409:
1405:
1403:
1401:
1396:
1394:
1392:
1387:
1385:
1383:
1378:
1376:
1375:
1371:
1369:
1368:
1364:
1362:
1360:
1355:
1354:
1352:
1350:
1349:
1344:
1338:
1334:
1332:
1328:
1326:
1322:
1320:
1316:
1314:
1310:
1308:
1304:
1303:
1300:
1295:
1287:
1282:
1280:
1275:
1273:
1268:
1267:
1264:
1254:
1250:
1246:
1239:
1236:
1231:
1227:
1223:
1219:
1215:
1211:
1207:
1203:
1196:
1193:
1187:
1184:
1179:
1175:
1171:
1164:
1161:
1156:
1152:
1148:
1141:
1138:
1133:
1126:
1123:
1118:
1116:0-930118-18-9
1112:
1108:
1101:
1099:
1097:
1095:
1091:
1080:on 2012-03-04
1076:
1072:
1068:
1061:
1054:
1052:
1050:
1048:
1044:
1038:
1033:
1029:
1025:
1021:
1019:
1010:
1008:
1006:
1004:
1002:
998:
992:
989:
984:
980:
977:(1872): 1–8.
976:
972:
968:
961:
959:
957:
955:
951:
946:
942:
938:
934:
930:
923:
920:
915:
909:
905:
898:
895:
882:
877:
873:
869:
868:
863:
861:
852:
850:
848:
844:
838:
836:
834:
830:
826:
822:
818:
814:
806:
804:
802:
799:
795:
792:
788:
784:
779:
775:
771:
766:
762:
757:
753:
749:
745:
740:
738:
734:
730:
726:
725:
721:
717:
716:
712:
709:, mostly the
708:
704:
700:
696:
695:
691:
687:
683:
679:
675:
671:
667:
666:
662:
658:
657:
653:
649:
648:
644:
640:
639:
635:
631:
627:
623:
619:
615:
611:
602:
595:
593:
591:
588:
584:
580:
576:
572:
568:
567:pectoral fins
563:
561:
557:
553:
549:
540:
538:
536:
532:
528:
524:
520:
516:
513:southward to
512:
508:
504:
503:Pacific Ocean
495:
488:
486:
484:
480:
476:
475:
470:
466:
462:
458:
454:
450:
449:
444:
441:
437:
433:
429:
424:
422:
419:
415:
412:
408:
405:
401:
397:
393:
389:
385:
382:
373:
366:
364:
362:
361:bottom trawls
359:
355:
351:
347:
343:
339:
336:. Like other
335:
331:
330:invertebrates
327:
322:
320:
316:
312:
308:
304:
300:
296:
292:
288:
284:
280:
276:
275:Pacific Ocean
272:
269:
265:
261:
257:
256:
251:
247:
236:
232:
227:
222:
218:
213:
211:
205:
202:
201:Binomial name
198:
194:
193:
188:
185:
184:
181:
180:
176:
173:
172:
169:
166:
163:
162:
159:
156:
153:
152:
149:
148:Selachimorpha
146:
144:Subdivision:
143:
142:
139:
136:
133:
132:
129:
126:
123:
122:
119:
116:
113:
112:
109:
106:
103:
102:
99:
96:
93:
92:
87:
82:
78:
72:
67:
56:
52:
47:
43:
38:
33:
30:
19:
2911:
2884:
2875:
2866:
2858:S. stellaris
2857:
2856:Nursehound (
2848:
2839:
2831:S. hesperius
2830:
2822:S. haeckelii
2821:
2812:
2803:
2794:
2786:S. cervigoni
2785:
2776:
2767:
2758:
2749:
2739:Scyliorhinus
2737:
2725:
2716:
2708:S. maculatus
2707:
2699:S. chilensis
2698:
2689:
2677:
2665:
2657:P. africanum
2656:
2644:
2632:
2620:
2608:
2599:
2590:
2581:
2572:
2563:
2554:
2546:P. albipenis
2545:
2536:
2524:
2512:
2504:H. punctatus
2503:
2494:
2485:
2476:
2464:
2452:
2443:
2434:
2426:H. edwardsii
2425:
2413:
2401:
2392:
2383:
2375:H. maculosus
2374:
2365:
2356:
2348:H. boesemani
2347:
2335:
2324:G. springeri
2323:
2314:
2305:
2296:
2287:
2279:G. piperatus
2278:
2269:
2260:
2251:
2242:
2233:
2224:
2215:
2206:
2197:
2188:
2179:
2167:
2155:
2147:F. boardmani
2146:
2134:
2122:
2110:
2098:
2089:
2088:Swellshark (
2080:
2072:C. umbratile
2071:
2062:
2053:
2044:
2036:C. signourum
2035:
2026:
2017:
2008:
2000:C. maculatum
1999:
1990:
1982:C. isabellum
1981:
1972:
1963:
1955:C. fasciatum
1954:
1945:
1936:
1927:
1915:
1903:
1894:
1885:
1876:
1867:
1858:
1850:B. canescens
1849:
1840:
1828:
1816:
1808:A. kanakorum
1807:
1795:
1783:
1775:A. marnkalha
1774:
1765:
1757:A. fasciatus
1756:
1748:A. baliensis
1747:
1735:
1723:
1714:
1705:
1696:
1687:
1678:
1669:
1660:
1648:
1636:
1627:
1618:
1609:
1600:
1591:
1582:
1573:
1565:
1557:
1548:
1539:
1530:
1521:
1512:
1503:
1494:
1485:
1476:
1467:
1459:A. japonicus
1458:
1449:
1441:
1433:
1425:A. herklotsi
1424:
1415:
1407:
1400:A. exsanguis
1399:
1390:
1381:
1373:
1366:
1358:
1346:
1329:Subdivision
1252:
1249:Biogeography
1248:
1244:
1238:
1205:
1201:
1195:
1186:
1177:
1173:
1169:
1163:
1154:
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1146:
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1125:
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1082:. Retrieved
1075:the original
1070:
1066:
1027:
1023:
1017:
991:
974:
970:
966:
936:
932:
922:
903:
897:
885:. Retrieved
871:
865:
859:
810:
800:
793:
765:egg capsules
741:
722:
713:
703:cannibalizes
692:
690:electric ray
685:
672:, including
663:
654:
645:
636:
607:
564:
544:
500:
483:C. isabellum
482:
478:
472:
464:
461:C. umbratile
460:
457:C. umbratile
456:
453:morphometric
448:C. isabellum
446:
443:C. umbratile
442:
425:
420:
413:
406:
391:
378:
346:encapsulated
337:
323:
314:
307:C. isabellum
306:
254:
253:
249:
245:
243:
217:D. S. Jordan
209:
207:
191:
190:
178:
29:
2998:iNaturalist
2876:S. torazame
2777:S. capensis
2768:S. canicula
2750:S. besnardi
2609:P. xaniurus
2486:H. grennian
2366:H. lineatus
2357:H. buergeri
2315:G. schultzi
2225:G. gracilis
2216:G. eastmani
2207:G. cadenati
2156:F. striatus
2123:C. cephalus
2063:C. sufflans
1991:C. laticeps
1904:B. lutarius
1877:B. hispidus
1841:B. alcockii
1830:Bythaelurus
1817:A. labiosus
1766:A. macleayi
1724:A. vincenti
1688:A. pallidus
1679:A. occiduus
1670:A. funebris
1637:A. stenseni
1619:A. sinensis
1601:A. saldanha
1416:A. gibbosus
1408:A. fedorovi
1382:A. brunneus
1374:A. aphyodes
1367:A. albisoma
1359:A. acanutus
887:19 November
707:Cephalopods
630:bony fishes
622:piscivorous
575:pelvic fins
571:dorsal fins
541:Description
440:synonymized
299:pelvic fins
295:dorsal fins
3121:Categories
2867:S. tokubee
2849:S. retifer
2804:S. garmani
2622:Pentanchus
2600:P. pilosus
2573:P. lanatus
2526:Parmaturus
2337:Halaelurus
2306:G. sauteri
2297:G. priapus
2261:G. murinus
2112:Cephalurus
2054:C. speccum
1895:B. incanus
1868:B. dawsoni
1610:A. sibogae
1566:A. pinguis
1549:A. nasutus
1531:A. microps
1434:A. indicus
1391:A. canutus
1348:Apristurus
1084:2011-04-03
839:References
796:, and the
720:cuttlefish
659:, and the
583:caudal fin
560:tooth rows
556:gill slits
523:New Guinea
519:Yellow Sea
414:umbratilis
409:(from the
358:commercial
309:) and the
134:Subclass:
2885:S. torrei
2726:S. tenuis
2690:S. bivius
2646:Poroderma
2513:H. regani
2453:H. pictus
2435:H. fuscus
2402:H. sellus
2393:H. quagga
2099:C. zebrum
2045:C. silasi
2018:C. pictum
1859:B. clevai
1697:A. parvus
1661:A. analis
1650:Asymbolus
1592:A. riveri
1468:A. kampae
1323:Subclass
1180:(1): 1–3.
1157:: 89–109.
787:parasites
744:oviparous
678:catsharks
587:calcified
465:umbratile
407:umbratile
379:American
342:oviparous
186:Species:
104:Kingdom:
98:Eukaryota
3016:10139146
2972:FishBase
2935:BioLib:
2927:Q1949737
2921:Wikidata
2840:S. meadi
2555:P. bigus
2477:H. favus
2288:G. polli
1946:C. cooki
1513:A. manis
1331:Selachii
1313:Chordata
1307:Animalia
1305:Kingdom
1294:catshark
1255:: 53–57.
1230:86629044
1222:13787117
791:nematode
752:oviducts
718:and the
661:hakeling
652:filefish
634:mackerel
618:predator
579:anal fin
552:spiracle
507:Hokkaido
432:holotype
428:taxonomy
400:Nagasaki
367:Taxonomy
285:. It is
264:catshark
164:Family:
118:Chordata
114:Phylum:
108:Animalia
94:Domain:
71:IUCN 3.1
2990:2418641
2189:G. arae
1311:Phylum
1296:species
1292:Extant
971:Zootaxa
737:isopods
643:sardine
626:hagfish
614:stomach
533:on the
354:bycatch
287:benthic
277:, from
260:species
174:Genus:
154:Order:
124:Class:
69: (
3104:277104
3091:123156
3088:uBio:
3081:481015
3068:277104
3055:804473
3042:232419
3029:161724
2951:109350
2938:141214
2759:S. boa
2169:Galeus
2136:Figaro
1335:Order
1317:Class
1228:
1220:
1113:
910:
770:embryo
735:, and
733:shrimp
699:skates
697:, and
650:, the
641:, the
515:Taiwan
326:fishes
283:Taiwan
268:family
223:, 1903
221:Fowler
219:&
3099:WoRMS
3011:IRMNG
3003:97017
2977:49109
2964:5XJXM
1226:S2CID
1078:(PDF)
1063:(PDF)
798:leech
761:sperm
748:ovary
729:crabs
724:Sepia
711:squid
610:genus
531:reefs
511:Japan
505:from
467:" by
445:with
418:genus
411:Latin
317:) in
291:reefs
279:Japan
3063:OBIS
3037:NCBI
3024:IUCN
2985:GBIF
2946:BOLD
1218:PMID
1111:ISBN
975:1872
908:ISBN
889:2021
872:2021
565:The
426:The
386:and
328:and
244:The
2959:CoL
1210:doi
1032:doi
979:doi
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876:doi
756:ova
356:in
281:to
262:of
248:or
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