136:
2175:
2198:
118:
409:
1333:
516:
of the specimens showed that the domes became less porous with age - the smallest specimen's skull was 1.67% empty space, while the largest specimen's skull was 0.25% empty space. Generally, the frontal part of the dome was more porous than the parietal part.
1286:
is particularly rich in pachycephalosaur remains; 70% of all known pachycephalosaur fossils come from this region. Because of a lack of understanding of pachycephalosaur ontogeny, various authors have assigned this material to anywhere from a single species,
548:
where they are round, and they seal shut very early in ontogeny as opposed to remaining open more-or-less throughout the animal's lifespan. The amount of empty space in the skull roof was also smaller relative to
435:
forms a tall bar of completely smooth bone underneath the dome, save for six bony nodes that line the bottom edge of the dome and an additional "corner" node just below. These features differentiate
1580:
1804:
2291:
427:, the top surface of the dome is punctuated by many small pits, the eponymous foramina; the dome itself consists of a large, central lobe with a sloped
1293:, to four different genera. This has significant implications for the Late Cretaceous biodiversity of herbivorous dinosaurs. The 2016 description of
610:. Various other fragments of the skull are also known from the Dinosaur Park Formation, representing juvenile, subadult, and adult individuals.
2296:
2191:
1422:
468:(which constitutes the back part of the dome) projects backwards and downwards over the base of the skull. Two traits also differentiate
1700:
Chapman, R.E.; Galton, P.M.; Sepkoski, J.J.; Wall, W.P. (1981). "A morphometric study of the cranium of the pachycephalosaurid dinosaur
567:
bones became part of the dome much quicker, the dome thickened at a slower rate, and the sides of the dome were less angled than in
1390:
gen. nov. and the diversity of pachycephalosaurid dinosaurs (Ornithischia: Cerapoda) in the Belly River Group of
Alberta, Canada".
2301:
1797:
1274:
The topology of this phylogenetic tree is not very stable, likely due to the incompleteness of most pachycephalosaur specimens.
1735:, a new genus of pachycephalosaurid (Dinosauria: Ornithischia) from the upper Campanian Aguja Formation, southern Texas, USA".
135:
2311:
1591:
1790:
2201:
1472:"Taking a crack at the dome: histopathology of a pachycephalosaurid (Dinosauria: Ornithischia) frontoparietal dome"
622:
2306:
589:
1895:
595:
2174:
602:
in 1902 and reported on during the same year. The layers of rock where the specimen were found belong to the
1453:(Lambe) new comb. (Dinosauria: Ornithischia: Pachycephalosauria) from the Upper Cretaceous of North America"
603:
1590:. New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science Bulletin. Vol. 35. pp. 347β365. Archived from
512:
skulls showed that the dome became proportionally taller with age, but did not become significantly wider.
2218:
2263:
1922:
1773:
Ontogeny, Diversity, and
Systematics of Pachycephalosaur Dinosaurs from the Belly River Group of Alberta
733:
723:
282:
508:
allows for analysis of the ontogeny, or growth, of the dome. Measurements of 27 different points on 21
419:, as a pachycephalosaurid, was a small, bipedal herbivore with a thickened dome on its skull. In 2016,
2250:
2069:
2017:
1744:
1520:
1509:(Dinosauria: Pachycephalosauria): A Quantitative Model of Pachycephalosaur Dome Growth and Variation"
1346:
484:: there are prominent grooves between the central lobe and the lateral lobes, and the opening of the
2120:
1985:
1964:
1934:
1813:
1713:
1682:
1052:
870:
776:
749:
719:
661:
630:
382:
327:
311:
241:
228:
130:
2268:
1548:
1418:
1283:
679:
607:
423:
estimated its length at 1.5 metres (4.9 ft), its weight at 10 kilograms (22 lb). In
302:
1776:(M.Sc.). Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto. p. 173.
1752:
1651:
1640:"A study of the troodont dinosaurs with the description of a new genus and four new species"
1538:
1528:
1503:
Schott, R.K.; Evans, D.C.; Goodwin, M.B.; Horner, J.R.; Brown, C.M.; Longrich, N.R. (2011).
1483:
1459:. New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science Bulletin. Vol. 17. pp. 177β190.
1395:
1338:
614:
564:
706:, Latinised Greek for "head", referring to the many pits that covered the top of its dome.
1880:
1864:
420:
389:
30:
1565:
Lambe L. M. (1902). New genera and species from the Belly River series (Mid-Cretaceous).
1748:
1524:
2030:
1998:
1771:
1543:
1504:
1313:
814:
643:
456:
432:
212:
2285:
2148:
2113:
2085:
2006:
1444:
1169:
1152:
1069:
908:
763:
666:
485:
474:
461:
335:
68:
1470:
Dyer, Aaron D.; LeBlanc, Aaron R.H.; Doschak, Michael R.; Currie, Philip J. (2021).
2134:
1907:
1855:
1004:
738:
671:
656:
480:
428:
345:
321:
196:
117:
1756:
1669:
Sternberg, C.M. (1945). "Pachycephalosauridae proposed for dome-headed dinosaurs,
613:
Although it has been reported that many specimens are known from the contemporary
1639:
1533:
1297:
recognized four distinct species of pachycephalosaur from the Belly River Group:
2155:
2141:
2127:
2106:
2092:
2058:
2037:
1488:
1471:
1110:
980:
932:
884:
43:
2241:
2078:
2051:
2044:
1328:
1307:
1289:
1021:
848:
831:
797:
728:
650:
represented a truly distinct animal or simply a morph, perhaps the female, of
638:
555:
450:
444:
408:
353:
88:
53:
513:
393:
147:
93:
37:
1581:"A taxonomic review of the Pachycephalosauridae (Dinosauria: Ornithischia)"
1552:
617:, only one (catalogued as TMP 2015.044.0041) can definitely be assigned to
2235:
1846:
1837:
1093:
580:
385:
180:
167:
83:
78:
63:
58:
48:
1386:
Schott, R.K.; Evans, D.C. (2016). "Cranial variation and systematics of
488:
is slit-like. Micro-CT scans of a potential specimen, identified as cf.
1717:
1686:
599:
374:
98:
73:
1399:
1831:
1782:
397:
157:
2212:
1655:
742:. The consensus of the phylogenetic trees recovered is shown below.
1619:
typifying a new family referred provisionally to the
Stegosauria".
1567:
Contributions to
Canadian Paleontology, Geological Survey of Canada
492:, support that pachycephalosaurids likely engaged in head-butting.
1417:. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press. p. 268.
629:, CMN 11316, was re-identified as a small, juvenile indeterminate
537:
407:
378:
2255:
2216:
1824:
1786:
674:
in 2010. In 2011, Ryan Schott suggested a new generic name,
1621:
1321:
likely represent more than one of the existing species.
536:
specimens, the parietal is already slightly domed. The
1415:
The
Princeton Field Guide to Dinosaurs: Second Edition
431:
half, and two smaller lateral lobes at the front. The
1588:
Late
Cretaceous vertebrates from the Western Interior
594:, a nearly complete frontoparietal dome collected in
1731:
Longrich, N.R.; Sankey, J. & Tanke, D. (2010). "
1317:, although the specimens that have been referred to
646:
in 1918; there was considerable debate over whether
2225:
2068:
2016:
1984:
1933:
1906:
1879:
1644:Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History
532:, the dome is flat; however, in even the smallest
636:CMN 1423 was first assigned to a new species of
1438:
1436:
1434:
690:until Schott and David Evans formally renamed
1798:
1381:
504:, the wide age range present in specimens of
8:
1379:
1377:
1375:
1373:
1371:
1369:
1367:
1365:
1363:
1361:
714:A phylogenetic analysis in 2016 found that
2213:
2022:
1990:
1981:
1912:
1885:
1876:
1821:
1805:
1791:
1783:
1615:Lambe, L.M. (1918). "The Cretaceous genus
116:
20:
1586:. In Lucas, S.G.; Sullivan, R.M. (eds.).
1542:
1532:
1487:
1392:Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society
698:in 2016. The generic name combines Latin
1455:. In Lucas, S.G.; Heckert, A.B. (eds.).
1449:(Brown & Schlaikjer) new comb. and
1357:
682:thesis, resulting in a new combination
664:in 2000, and then it was assigned to
520:The growth series of the dome allows
7:
1638:Brown, B.; Schlaikjer, E.M. (1943).
439:from all other pachycephalosaurids.
1144:
1085:
1044:
1037:
996:
972:
948:
924:
900:
876:
789:
782:
755:
745:
2292:Pachycephalosaurs of North America
524:to be differentiated further from
14:
2197:
2196:
2173:
1331:
134:
1053:Pachycephalosaurus wyomingensis
1:
2297:Fossil taxa described in 2016
1757:10.1016/j.cretres.2009.12.002
544:are slit-like, as opposed to
1534:10.1371/journal.pone.0021092
654:. Later, it was assigned to
621:. Another specimen from the
540:on the top of the skulls of
412:Life restoration of an adult
1489:10.37819/biosis.002.02.0101
909:Homalocephale calathocercos
125:Holotype specimen CMN 1423
2328:
1476:Biosis: Biological Systems
1447:Prenocephale edmontonensis
670:by Longrich, Sankey &
623:Horseshoe Canyon Formation
16:Extinct genus of dinosaurs
2186:
2171:
2025:
1993:
1980:
1961:
1915:
1888:
1875:
1820:
1413:Paul, Gregory S. (2016).
1170:Sphaerotholus buchholtzae
1166:
1149:
1142:
1107:
1090:
1083:
1066:
1049:
1042:
1035:
1018:
1001:
994:
977:
970:
953:
946:
929:
922:
905:
898:
881:
874:
845:
828:
811:
794:
787:
780:
764:Wannanosaurus yanshiensis
760:
753:
686:. It remained an invalid
317:
310:
288:
281:
131:Scientific classification
129:
124:
115:
23:
849:Stegoceras novomexicanum
596:Dinosaur Provincial Park
261:Schott & Evans, 2016
2302:Paleontology in Alberta
1706:Journal of Paleontology
1675:Journal of Paleontology
1579:Sullivan, R.M. (2006).
1457:Dinosaurs of New Mexico
1443:Sullivan, R.M. (2000).
604:Dinosaur Park Formation
538:supratemporal fenestrae
344:Longrich, Sankey &
1673:, n. sp., described".
1388:Foraminacephale brevis
1153:Sphaerotholus goodwini
1070:Alaskacephale gonglofi
957:Foraminacephale brevis
885:Goyocephale lattimorei
696:Foraminacephale brevis
688:nomen ex dissertatione
684:Foraminacephale brevis
553:, and more similar to
490:Foraminacephale brevis
413:
295:Foraminacephale brevis
2264:Paleobiology Database
1770:Schott, R.K. (2011).
1733:Texacephale langstoni
1505:"Cranial Ontogeny in
981:Amtocephale gobienses
815:Colepiocephale lambei
798:Hanssuesia sternbergi
625:formerly assigned to
411:
2312:Ornithischian genera
2070:Pachycephalosaurinae
2018:Pachycephalosauridae
1347:2016 in paleontology
1111:Stygimoloch spinifer
933:Tylocephale gilmorei
871:Pachycephalosaurinae
777:Pachycephalosauridae
720:Pachycephalosaurinae
718:was a member of the
575:Discovery and naming
563:, the squamosal and
242:Pachycephalosauridae
1749:2010CrRes..31..274L
1737:Cretaceous Research
1525:2011PLoSO...621092S
1094:Dracorex hogwartsia
1005:Prenocephale prenes
631:pachycephalosaurine
396:stage) deposits of
2121:Pachycephalosaurus
1986:Pachycephalosauria
1965:Pachycephalosauria
1935:Pachycephalosauria
1814:Pachycephalosauria
1507:Stegoceras validum
1290:Stegoceras validum
832:Stegoceras validum
750:Pachycephalosauria
702:("foramina") with
662:Robert M. Sullivan
559:. Furthermore, in
414:
383:pachycephalosaurid
229:Pachycephalosauria
2279:
2278:
2219:Taxon identifiers
2210:
2209:
2182:
2181:
2169:
2168:
2165:
2164:
1976:
1975:
1972:
1971:
1957:
1956:
1953:
1952:
1671:Stegoceras lambei
1424:978-0-691-16766-4
1400:10.1111/zoj.12465
1284:Belly River Group
1271:
1270:
1262:
1261:
1253:
1252:
1244:
1243:
1235:
1234:
1226:
1225:
1217:
1216:
1208:
1207:
1199:
1198:
1190:
1189:
1181:
1180:
1131:
1130:
1122:
1121:
1022:Acrotholus audeti
860:
859:
680:Master of Science
608:Belly River Group
366:
365:
360:
349:
331:
262:
2319:
2307:Campanian genera
2272:
2271:
2259:
2258:
2246:
2245:
2244:
2214:
2200:
2199:
2177:
2023:
1991:
1982:
1913:
1886:
1877:
1870:
1869:
1822:
1807:
1800:
1793:
1784:
1778:
1777:
1767:
1761:
1760:
1728:
1722:
1721:
1697:
1691:
1690:
1666:
1660:
1659:
1635:
1629:
1628:
1612:
1606:
1605:
1603:
1602:
1596:
1585:
1576:
1570:
1563:
1557:
1556:
1546:
1536:
1500:
1494:
1493:
1491:
1467:
1461:
1460:
1440:
1429:
1428:
1410:
1404:
1403:
1383:
1341:
1339:Dinosaurs portal
1336:
1335:
1334:
1145:
1086:
1045:
1038:
997:
973:
949:
925:
901:
877:
790:
783:
756:
746:
732:, but in a more
615:Oldman Formation
358:
343:
326:
297:
293:
260:
253:
240:
227:
211:
195:
139:
138:
120:
110:
40:
29:Temporal range:
21:
2327:
2326:
2322:
2321:
2320:
2318:
2317:
2316:
2282:
2281:
2280:
2275:
2267:
2262:
2254:
2249:
2240:
2239:
2234:
2227:Foraminacephale
2221:
2211:
2206:
2178:
2161:
2100:Foraminacephale
2064:
2012:
1968:
1949:
1929:
1902:
1896:Avemetatarsalia
1881:Avemetatarsalia
1871:
1865:Marginocephalia
1827:
1826:
1816:
1811:
1781:
1769:
1768:
1764:
1730:
1729:
1725:
1699:
1698:
1694:
1668:
1667:
1663:
1637:
1636:
1632:
1614:
1613:
1609:
1600:
1598:
1594:
1583:
1578:
1577:
1573:
1564:
1560:
1502:
1501:
1497:
1469:
1468:
1464:
1442:
1441:
1432:
1425:
1412:
1411:
1407:
1385:
1384:
1359:
1355:
1337:
1332:
1330:
1327:
1303:Foraminacephale
1295:Foraminacephale
1280:
1272:
1263:
1254:
1245:
1236:
1227:
1218:
1209:
1200:
1191:
1182:
1132:
1123:
861:
716:Foraminacephale
712:
676:Foraminacephale
627:Foraminacephale
619:Foraminacephale
585:Foraminacephale
577:
561:Foraminacephale
542:Foraminacephale
534:Foraminacephale
522:Foraminacephale
510:Foraminacephale
506:Foraminacephale
498:
470:Foraminacephale
466:Foraminacephale
437:Foraminacephale
425:Foraminacephale
421:Gregory S. Paul
417:Foraminacephale
406:
390:Late Cretaceous
370:Foraminacephale
306:
299:
291:
290:
277:
259:
256:Foraminacephale
251:
238:
225:
209:
193:
133:
111:
109:
108:
107:
106:
101:
96:
91:
86:
81:
76:
71:
66:
61:
56:
51:
46:
35:
34:
31:Late Cretaceous
27:
25:Foraminacephale
17:
12:
11:
5:
2325:
2323:
2315:
2314:
2309:
2304:
2299:
2294:
2284:
2283:
2277:
2276:
2274:
2273:
2260:
2247:
2231:
2229:
2223:
2222:
2217:
2208:
2207:
2205:
2204:
2194:
2187:
2184:
2183:
2180:
2179:
2172:
2170:
2167:
2166:
2163:
2162:
2160:
2159:
2152:
2145:
2138:
2131:
2124:
2117:
2110:
2103:
2096:
2089:
2082:
2074:
2072:
2066:
2065:
2063:
2062:
2055:
2048:
2041:
2034:
2031:Colepiocephale
2026:
2020:
2014:
2013:
2011:
2010:
2003:
1999:Ferganocephale
1994:
1988:
1978:
1977:
1974:
1973:
1970:
1969:
1962:
1959:
1958:
1955:
1954:
1951:
1950:
1948:
1947:
1946:
1945:
1939:
1937:
1931:
1930:
1928:
1927:
1926:
1925:
1916:
1910:
1904:
1903:
1901:
1900:
1899:
1898:
1889:
1883:
1873:
1872:
1868:
1867:
1858:
1849:
1840:
1834:
1825:
1818:
1817:
1812:
1810:
1809:
1802:
1795:
1787:
1780:
1779:
1762:
1743:(2): 274β284.
1723:
1712:(3): 608β618.
1692:
1681:(5): 534β538.
1661:
1630:
1607:
1571:
1558:
1495:
1482:(2): 248β270.
1462:
1430:
1423:
1405:
1356:
1354:
1351:
1350:
1349:
1343:
1342:
1326:
1323:
1314:Colepiocephale
1279:
1276:
1269:
1268:
1265:
1264:
1260:
1259:
1256:
1255:
1251:
1250:
1247:
1246:
1242:
1241:
1238:
1237:
1233:
1232:
1229:
1228:
1224:
1223:
1220:
1219:
1215:
1214:
1211:
1210:
1206:
1205:
1202:
1201:
1197:
1196:
1193:
1192:
1188:
1187:
1184:
1183:
1179:
1178:
1175:
1174:
1165:
1162:
1161:
1158:
1157:
1148:
1143:
1141:
1138:
1137:
1134:
1133:
1129:
1128:
1125:
1124:
1120:
1119:
1116:
1115:
1106:
1103:
1102:
1099:
1098:
1089:
1084:
1082:
1079:
1078:
1075:
1074:
1065:
1062:
1061:
1058:
1057:
1048:
1043:
1041:
1036:
1034:
1031:
1030:
1027:
1026:
1017:
1014:
1013:
1010:
1009:
1000:
995:
993:
990:
989:
986:
985:
976:
971:
969:
966:
965:
962:
961:
952:
947:
945:
942:
941:
938:
937:
928:
923:
921:
918:
917:
914:
913:
904:
899:
897:
894:
893:
890:
889:
880:
875:
873:
867:
866:
863:
862:
858:
857:
854:
853:
844:
841:
840:
837:
836:
827:
824:
823:
820:
819:
810:
807:
806:
803:
802:
793:
788:
786:
781:
779:
773:
772:
769:
768:
759:
754:
752:
744:
736:position than
726:position than
711:
710:Classification
708:
644:Lawrence Lambe
576:
573:
497:
494:
457:Colepiocephale
433:squamosal bone
405:
402:
364:
363:
362:
361:
350:
332:
315:
314:
308:
307:
300:
286:
285:
279:
278:
274:F. brevis
270:
268:
264:
263:
249:
245:
244:
236:
232:
231:
223:
216:
215:
213:Neornithischia
207:
200:
199:
191:
184:
183:
178:
171:
170:
165:
161:
160:
155:
151:
150:
145:
141:
140:
127:
126:
122:
121:
113:
112:
104:
103:
102:
97:
92:
87:
82:
77:
72:
67:
62:
57:
52:
47:
42:
41:
28:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2324:
2313:
2310:
2308:
2305:
2303:
2300:
2298:
2295:
2293:
2290:
2289:
2287:
2270:
2265:
2261:
2257:
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2158:
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2149:Sphaerotholus
2146:
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2139:
2137:
2136:
2132:
2130:
2129:
2125:
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2118:
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2114:Homalocephale
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2109:
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2104:
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2101:
2097:
2095:
2094:
2090:
2088:
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2086:Alaskacephale
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2015:
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2007:Wannanosaurus
2004:
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1597:on 2007-09-27
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667:Sphaerotholus
663:
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493:
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486:temporal bone
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475:Sphaerotholus
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462:parietal bone
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283:Binomial name
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55:
50:
45:
39:
32:
26:
22:
19:
2226:
2154:
2147:
2140:
2135:Prenocephale
2133:
2126:
2119:
2112:
2105:
2099:
2098:
2091:
2084:
2077:
2057:
2050:
2043:
2036:
2029:
2005:
1997:
1963:
1923:Ornithischia
1908:Ornithischia
1860:
1856:Ornithischia
1851:
1842:
1772:
1765:
1740:
1736:
1732:
1726:
1709:
1705:
1701:
1695:
1678:
1674:
1670:
1664:
1647:
1643:
1633:
1624:
1623:. Series 3.
1620:
1616:
1610:
1599:. Retrieved
1592:the original
1587:
1574:
1566:
1561:
1516:
1512:
1506:
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1391:
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1318:
1312:
1306:
1302:
1298:
1294:
1288:
1281:
1278:Paleoecology
1273:
1168:
1167:
1151:
1150:
1109:
1108:
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1067:
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978:
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907:
906:
883:
882:
847:
846:
830:
829:
813:
812:
796:
795:
762:
761:
739:Prenocephale
737:
727:
722:, in a more
715:
713:
703:
699:
695:
691:
687:
683:
675:
665:
657:Prenocephale
655:
651:
647:
637:
635:
626:
618:
612:
588:
584:
578:
568:
560:
554:
550:
545:
541:
533:
529:
525:
521:
519:
509:
505:
501:
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489:
481:Prenocephale
479:
473:
469:
465:
455:
449:
443:
441:
436:
424:
416:
415:
377:head") is a
369:
368:
367:
352:
340:
334:
322:Prenocephale
320:
294:
289:
273:
272:
255:
254:
219:
203:
197:Ornithischia
187:
174:
24:
18:
2156:Tylocephale
2142:Sinocephale
2128:Platytholus
2107:Goyocephale
2093:Amtocephale
2059:Texacephale
2038:Gravitholus
1650:: 121β149.
692:"S." brevis
648:"S." brevis
565:postorbital
528:. In young
404:Description
359:Lambe, 1918
36:77β73
2286:Categories
2190:See also:
2079:Acrotholus
2052:Stegoceras
2045:Hanssuesia
1944:see belowβ
1847:Dinosauria
1702:Stegoceras
1617:Stegoceras
1601:2016-11-26
1353:References
1319:Hanssuesia
1308:Hanssuesia
1299:Stegoceras
729:Stegoceras
652:S. validum
639:Stegoceras
569:Stegoceras
556:Acrotholus
551:Stegoceras
546:Stegoceras
530:Stegoceras
526:Stegoceras
502:Stegoceras
451:Hanssuesia
445:Stegoceras
373:(meaning "
354:Stegoceras
181:Dinosauria
1830:Kingdom:
1569:3: 25β81.
1451:P. brevis
678:, in his
514:Histology
394:Campanian
267:Species:
154:Kingdom:
148:Eukaryota
2256:60970977
2242:Q5863739
2236:Wikidata
2202:Category
2192:Timeline
1838:Chordata
1836:Phylum:
1832:Animalia
1656:2246/387
1627:: 23β36.
1553:21738608
1513:PLOS ONE
1325:See also
700:foramina
581:holotype
500:As with
496:Ontogeny
386:dinosaur
375:foramina
328:Sullivan
312:Synonyms
235:Family:
168:Chordata
164:Phylum:
158:Animalia
144:Domain:
1745:Bibcode
1718:1304275
1687:1299007
1544:3126802
1521:Bibcode
724:derived
704:cephale
606:of the
600:Alberta
442:Unlike
429:frontal
305:, 1918)
292:†
271:†
248:Genus:
105:↓
2269:448078
1716:
1685:
1551:
1541:
1421:
1311:, and
460:, the
454:, and
398:Canada
356:brevis
348:, 2010
341:brevis
330:, 2000
324:brevis
1861:Clade
1852:Clade
1843:Clade
1714:JSTOR
1683:JSTOR
1595:(PDF)
1584:(PDF)
734:basal
672:Tanke
472:from
388:from
379:genus
346:Tanke
303:Lambe
220:Clade
204:Clade
188:Clade
175:Clade
1921:see
1894:see
1549:PMID
1419:ISBN
1282:The
592:1423
579:The
478:and
44:Preκ
2251:EoL
1753:doi
1704:".
1652:hdl
1539:PMC
1529:doi
1484:doi
1396:doi
694:to
660:by
642:by
590:CMN
587:is
583:of
464:of
381:of
2288::
2266::
2253::
2238::
1863::
1854::
1845::
1751:.
1741:31
1739:.
1710:55
1708:.
1679:19
1677:.
1648:82
1646:.
1642:.
1625:12
1547:.
1537:.
1527:.
1515:.
1511:.
1478:.
1474:.
1433:^
1394:.
1360:^
1305:,
1301:,
633:.
598:,
571:.
448:,
400:.
339:?
222::
206::
190::
177::
94:Pg
38:Ma
33:,
2002:?
1806:e
1799:t
1792:v
1759:.
1755::
1747::
1720:.
1689:.
1658:.
1654::
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1555:.
1531::
1523::
1517:6
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1486::
1480:2
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1427:.
1402:.
1398::
392:(
301:(
252:β
239:β
226:β
210:β
194:β
99:N
89:K
84:J
79:T
74:P
69:C
64:D
59:S
54:O
49:κ
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