52:
33:
172:, and still later a politician and Confederate general, told Bancroft around the turn of the century: "In some years there were three or four thousand slaves here. I think that I have seen as many as 600 or 800 in the market at one time. There were usually four or five large traders at Natchez every winter. Each had from fifty to several hundred negroes, and most of them received fresh lots during the season. They brought their large gangs late in the fall and sold them out by May. Then they went back for more. They built three large three-story buildings, where several hundred could be accommodated."
60:
162:(1931), "The chief market, about 1834, was described as 'a cluster of rough wooden buildings, in the angle of two roads,' a mile from Natchez. There were also four or five other pens in the vicinity, 'where several hundred slaves of all ages, colors and conditions, of both sexes, were exposed for sale.' At that time, Natchez had a population of about 3,000, a majority of whom were colored; and about as many slaves as the entire white population of the little city were annually sold in or near it."
152:, reported that "elopements, sickness, deaths, and an expanding cotton belt created a continuous demand for slaves, and that Kentucky and Virginia marts supplied this demand. Ingraham observed that river boats landing in the ports of Natchez and New Orleans nearly always brought a cargo of slaves. During the year 1834, the New Englander estimated that more than 4,000 slaves passed through the 'crossroads' market one mile out of Natchez." According to
218:. Natchez-Under-the-Hill was a rowdy port famous for its debauchery. According to one visitor in 1822, "At the foot of the bluff is a small river bottom, along which are built a range of houses where the Prince of Darkness is, I believe, the only acknowledged superior. It is without exception, the most infamous place I ever saw—where villany, hardened by long impunity, triumphs in open day."
295:
233:
133:, several traders signed a public letter agreeing to permanently move the slaves for sale in Natchez outside of the city limits. Prior to this, slave sales were held several places around the settlement, including at the boat landing and on the front steps of the Mansion House. According to an Alabama newspaper, the move was the consequence of
616:
192:
NEGROES. The undersigned would respectfully state to the public that he has leased the stand in the Forks of the Road, near
Natchez, for a term of years, and that he intends to keep a large lot of NEGROES on land during the year. He will sell as low or lower than any other trader at this place or in
105:
was located about a mile from downtown
Natchez at the intersection of Liberty Road and Washington Road, which has since been renamed to D'Evereux Drive in one direction and St. Catherine Street in the other. The market differed from many other slave sellers of the day by offering individuals on a
193:
New
Orleans. He has just arrived from Virginia with a very likely lot of Field Men and Women; also, House Servants, three Cooks, and a Carpenter. Call and see. A fine Buggy Horse, a Saddle Horse, and a Carryall, on hand, and for sale. Thos. G. James.
185:(1853), in a chapter on the ubiquity of family separation in the domestic slave trade, in which she disputes a Virginian's claim that it was rare to separate families, in the rare cases that slaves were sold to traders at all:
51:
106:
first-come first-serve basis rather than selling them at auction, either singly or in lots. At one time the Forks of the Road was the second-largest slave market in the United States, trailing only New
Orleans.
901:
Bill of sale for Peter sold by H. G. Richardson on behalf of Rowan & Harris to Samuel Davis, MSS 658 Todd A. Herring
Collection, Manuscripts Division, Special Collections, Mississippi State Libraries.
571:(Original publisher: J. H. Fürst Co., Baltimore). Southern Classics Series. Introduction by Michael Tadman (Reprint ed.). Columbia, S.C.: University of South Carolina Press. pp. 301, 304.
114:
The Forks of the Road slave market dates to the 18th century; slave sales in vicinity of
Natchez, Mississippi were primarily at the riverboat landings in the 1780s but the widespread use of the
118:
from
Nashville beginning in the 1790s shifted the market inland to the Forks of the Road "located on the Trace at the northeast edge of the upper town." In the years immediately following the
1058:
984:
365:
141:) into a ravine or bayou near town. The signers of the letter were just a fraction of the 32 "non-resident slave merchants" selling in Natchez that year, who collectively reported
1093:
1078:
407:
215:
892:"Runaway" Newspapers.com, The Semi-Weekly Mississippi Free Trader, September 22, 1849, http://www.newspapers.com/article/the-semi-weekly-mississippi-free-trader/143996973/
331:
1088:
200:
The Forks-of-the-Road slave market was demolished in 1863 by U.S. Army troops who recycled the lumber into barracks for themselves and self-emancipated people known as "
32:
1014:
1007:
Barnett, Jim and
Burkett, H. Clark, “The Forks of the Road Slave Market at Natchez,” The Journal of Mississippi History, Vol. LXIII, Fall 2001, No. 3, 169-187.
1073:
1053:
227:
694:
1068:
1063:
1098:
661:
55:
Survey of Forks of the Road, August 1, 1856, by Thos. Kenny, Natchez City
Surveyor (Mississippi Department of Archives and History Series 2051)
137:
dumping the bodies of several enslaved cholera victims (including a teenage girl and an eight-month-old baby, who had been shipped south from
952:
576:
345:
985:
Special
History Study April 1993 by Ronald L. F. Davis, Ph.D The Black Experience in Natchez 1720-1880 NATCHEZ National Historical Park
78:
126:, and Natchez, Mississippi. One traveler visiting the city in 1817 reported "fourteen flatboats loaded with Negroes for sale there."
360:
205:
232:
1108:
1083:
355:
201:
130:
567:
158:
302:
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181:
149:
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507:
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350:
686:
59:
98:
1103:
611:
340:
176:
818:
617:
A key to Uncle Tom's cabin: presenting the original facts and documents upon which the story is founded
532:
214:'s records for Natchez show that in addition to the Forks of the Road there were a group of traders at
169:
138:
123:
90:
82:
255:
408:"Celebrating Black History: Forks of Road tells story of second largest slave market in the South"
263:
John O'Ferrall - when selling out in 1857, he claimed the rental income from his slave depot was
966:
958:
948:
747:
629:
621:
590:
582:
572:
562:
281:
165:
153:
94:
36:
Forks of the Road and Natchez-Under-the-Hill pictured in "Illustration F: Suburban Estates —
739:
195:
Where in the world did this lucky Mr. Thos. G. James get this likely Virginia "assortment"?
85:
in the United States. Slaves were originally sold throughout the area, including along the
990:
714:
637:
276:
211:
17:
903:
134:
1047:
336:
115:
86:
190:
We take up the Natchez (Mississippi) Courier of Nov. 20th, 1852, and there read:
119:
168:, who had been a county lawyer nearby, and who became an in-house attorney for
594:
250:
1029:
1016:
751:
633:
970:
641:
728:"A Trading Trip to Natchez and New Orleans, 1822: Diary of Thomas S. Teas"
727:
662:"An Account of the Destruction of the Forks of the Road Slave Market"
743:
231:
58:
50:
31:
45:
The Black Experience in Natchez: 1720-1880, Special History Study
962:
625:
586:
726:
Teas, Edward; Ideson, Julia; Higginbotham, Sanford W. (1941).
289:
204:." In 2021 the site was made one of four sites comprising the
145: (equivalent to $ 7,541,987 in 2023) in taxable revenue.
947:. Baton Rouge, Louisiana: Louisiana State University Press.
148:
A visitor from New England to Natchez in 1834, the novelist
236:
Negro marts labeled on an 1854 map of the Forks of the Road
260:
John D. James, Thomas G. James, David D. James (brothers)
129:
In 1833, in response to fears of contagion stoked by the
687:"How a Slave Market Became a National Park Service Site"
715:
http://www.natchezbelle.org/adams-ind/unknownsexton.txt
366:
Andrew Jackson and the slave trade in the United States
306:
440:
438:
436:
122:, the most active slave markets in the South were at
904:
https://scholarsjunction.msstate.edu/lantern-msu/21/
991:"Fall 2022 - 'First, Tell the Truth' - Janisse Ray"
332:Slave markets and slave jails in the United States
1059:Buildings and structures in Natchez, Mississippi
387:"The Forks of the Road Slave Market at Natchez"
187:
819:"Article clipped from Mississippi Free Trader"
620:. Boston: J. P. Jewett & Co. p. 337.
267: (equivalent to $ 32,700 in 2023) annually
101:, and throughout town. From 1833 to 1863, the
8:
533:"A history of Kentucky / by Thomas D. Clark"
1094:Buildings and structures demolished in 1863
1079:1863 disestablishments in the United States
795:"Exhibit tells area's slave trade history"
240:List of traders known to sell at Natchez:
228:List of slave traders of the United States
27:Natchez, Mississippi, U.S. (~1790s–1860s)
1089:1833 establishments in the United States
916:"Notice. The undersigned has removed..."
377:
799:Mississippi's Best Community Newspaper
844:"A Rare Chance for a Good Investment"
788:
786:
655:
653:
651:
606:
604:
444:
427:
7:
557:
555:
553:
406:Hawkins, Scott (February 27, 2020).
346:Hamburg, South Carolina slave market
685:Mendoza, Brishette (July 3, 2021).
89:that connected the settlement with
1074:Slave markets in the United States
793:topofthemorning (March 29, 2018).
25:
1054:History of slavery in Mississippi
361:Nashville, Tennessee slave market
75:Natchez, Mississippi slave market
1069:Slave jails in the United States
1064:Natchez National Historical Park
293:
206:Natchez National Historical Park
1099:History of Natchez, Mississippi
732:The Journal of Southern History
697:from the original on 2021-07-03
356:Richmond, Virginia slave market
995:National Parks Magazine (NPCA)
772:. November 15, 1848. p. 3
666:The Archaeological Conservancy
568:Slave Trading in the Old South
385:Barnett, Jim (February 2003).
159:Slave-Trading in the Old South
103:Forks of the Road slave market
1:
875:. January 26, 1853. p. 3
850:. October 30, 1857. p. 4
825:. January 20, 1858. p. 3
175:Forks of the Road appears in
64:
37:
921:. August 25, 1826. p. 8
47:by Ronald L. F. Davis (1993)
943:James, D. Clayton (1993) .
464:. April 26, 1833. p. 2
273:Matthews, Branton & Co.
1125:
919:The Weekly Natchez Courier
225:
182:A Key to Uncle Tom's Cabin
514:. May 16, 1833. p. 2
489:. May 17, 1833. p. 2
487:The Philadelphia Inquirer
179:'s non-fiction polemical
351:New Orleans slave market
18:Forks of the Road Market
1084:Franklin & Armfield
873:Mississippi Free Trader
823:Mississippi Free Trader
770:Mississippi Free Trader
508:"Excitement at Natches"
462:Mississippi Free Trader
1109:History of Mississippi
660:n.a. (June 20, 2022).
612:Stowe, Harriet Beecher
270:Woodroof & Hundley
237:
216:Natchez Under the Hill
198:
170:Franklin & Ballard
99:Natchez-Under-the-Hill
70:
56:
48:
1030:31.55577°N 91.38404°W
341:Natchez Trace Parkway
235:
177:Harriet Beecher Stowe
131:1833 cholera epidemic
63:Natchez, Mississippi
62:
54:
35:
848:The Natchez Bulletin
458:"The Public Meeting"
307:adding missing items
256:Griffin & Pullum
139:Alexandria, Virginia
83:Natchez, Mississippi
1035:31.55577; -91.38404
1026: /
945:Antebellum Natchez
869:"Negroes for Sale"
766:"Negroes for Sale"
691:The New York Times
563:Bancroft, Frederic
410:. Natchez Democrat
305:; you can help by
282:Rowan & Harris
244:Robert B. Brashear
238:
124:Algiers, Louisiana
71:
57:
49:
954:978-0-8071-1860-3
578:978-1-64336-427-8
323:
322:
166:William T. Martin
154:Frederic Bancroft
95:Mississippi River
16:(Redirected from
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979:Further reading
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738:(3): 378–399.
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447:, p. 197.
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314:September 2023
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247:Benjamin Eaton
245:
226:Main article:
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150:J. H. Ingraham
135:Isaac Franklin
111:
108:
43:to 1860" from
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539:. p. 195
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337:Natchez Trace
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301:This list is
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116:Natchez Trace
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92:
88:
87:Natchez Trace
84:
80:
76:
61:
53:
46:
34:
30:
19:
1104:West Florida
1010:
998:. Retrieved
994:
944:
923:. Retrieved
918:
910:
897:
888:
877:. Retrieved
872:
863:
852:. Retrieved
847:
838:
827:. Retrieved
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802:. Retrieved
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774:. Retrieved
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710:
699:. Retrieved
690:
680:
669:. Retrieved
665:
615:
566:
541:. Retrieved
536:
527:
516:. Retrieved
512:The Democrat
511:
502:
491:. Retrieved
486:
477:
466:. Retrieved
461:
452:
445:James (1993)
428:James (1993)
423:
412:. Retrieved
401:
390:. Retrieved
380:
311:
239:
210:
199:
194:
189:
188:
180:
174:
164:
157:
147:
128:
113:
102:
93:, along the
79:slave market
74:
72:
44:
29:
1033: /
143:US$ 238,879
120:War of 1812
68: 1839
41: 1830
1048:Categories
1021:91°23′03″W
1018:31°33′21″N
1000:2023-11-27
925:2024-08-31
879:2024-01-12
854:2023-11-30
829:2023-09-11
804:2023-11-27
776:2023-10-09
701:2021-07-05
671:2023-09-12
595:1153619151
543:2023-08-31
537:HathiTrust
518:2023-09-18
493:2023-09-18
468:2023-09-18
414:2022-01-05
392:2022-01-05
372:References
303:incomplete
251:R. H. Elam
202:contraband
752:0022-4642
642:21879838M
634:317690900
565:(2023) .
483:"Outrage"
265:US$ 1,000
91:Nashville
971:28281641
963:68028496
695:Archived
626:02004230
614:(1853).
587:95020493
326:See also
937:Sources
222:Traders
110:History
969:
961:
951:
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632:
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212:Sexton
77:was a
967:OCLC
959:LCCN
949:ISBN
748:ISSN
630:OCLC
622:LCCN
591:OCLC
583:LCCN
573:ISBN
339:and
73:The
740:doi
309:.
156:in
97:at
81:in
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993:.
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65:c.
38:c.
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
