231:), as well as protecting the beach and maritime access. The 8th century is normally used as a reference, suggesting a construction based on the reuse of existing Roman-era elements. The actual configuration of the temple is difficult to catalog. On one hand, the constructors reused the capitals, presupposing a public construction that occurred in the High Middle Ages. On the other hand, successive remodelling, painting and lack of prior archaeological excavations has made rigorous analysis impossible; this lack of information has contributed to the difficulty in dating and contextualizing the style of architecture. Despite a lack of archaeological research, scholars believe that at the time of the
270:
59:
693:
336:, open to the exterior through a triple arcade of columns and two Corinthian capitals (dated to the 3rd-4th century); and a rectangular space with cupola, atypical of other regional religious temples. The articulated volumes includes horizontal spaces with tiled roof over the main annex, while the aba extending to the sacristy and pyramidal spire over the main chapel.
243:, were proofs confirming the Byzantine origins of the temple, whose oriental design was verifiable in the Visigothic epoch. The confusion evident in Gamito's arguments were later reexamined by Manuel Justino Maciel, who systematically deconstructed the indications of its Byzantine-Visigothic construction, while not specifically advancing new data on the building.
306:
tile and reconstruction of the pavements (accomplished in 1963); the replacement of the doors and window frames (in 1964); the reconstruction and repair of the pavements and azulejos (in 1965); and the restoration of the walls, repair of the cupola and a clean-up of the landscape within the vicinity
291:
But dating of the fort is still unclear; there is secure information only after the end of the 16th century, at the time when Tomé Gonçalves was identified as governor. But, by 1821, the fort was encountered in an advance state of ruin; there was no indication as to the original perimeter/extent of
238:
In the last few years, different authors have suggested distinct hypothesizes to explain the origin of the temple. Teresa Gamito, on studying the
Byzantine presence in the Algarve, saw in the chapel proof of the vitality of Byzantine reconquest of the peninsula. To the author, the configuration of
339:
The main façade of the chapel (oriented towards the west), includes two spaces that correspond to the galilé and sacristy (which is slightly recessed). The body of the galilé is marked by three arches over two columns of shafts, consisting of a concave base and plinth, with the northern relief
347:, divided into three section, aligned to the eastern-facing wall. It is marked by a rounded arch, with its nave extending to an altar composed of retable with four ionic columns, presenting an image of the Virgin Mary. The octagonal false cupola is covered in wood framework.
302:(Directorate-General of Buildings and National Monuments), during the 1960s, while proposals to investigate and protect the monument were submitted. This included the reconstruction of the walls and repairs to the fort and chapel, demolition of the roof, repairs to the
214:
Doubt continues to exist as to the origin of the Chapel of Nossa
Senhora da Rocha, as well as the original fort that existed on this site. The privileged location on a promontory reflects the importance of the site, which was fortified to help secure the coast from
323:
The chapel is the destination of pilgrimages and annual processions, with the primary festival day associated with the first Sunday of August. During the religious processions the image of the Virgin is taken from the fort, down to the beach.
292:
this fortress. It is likely that much of what remains of the fortress was destroyed through successive landslides and destruction caused by ocean swells (to this date, its perimeter continues to be threatened ocean forces).
1763:
1737:
1803:
281:
ordered the construction of a fortress to protect the hermitage, whose construction, following the legend of that time, was located on the site of a mysterious Marian apparition.
1962:
656:
1947:
1123:
1819:
288:
ordered a reconstruction of the fort around the 16th century, owing to cases of invasions/incursions by
Moorish pirates, as well as the defense of the beach for trade.
350:
The fort is constituted by a curtain of walls marked by a main gate. The sides of the structures and spire are constructed of reused masonry white-washed and in grey.
1827:
1811:
1156:
861:
1666:
627:
604:
581:
320:) on 1 June 1992, under decree law 106F/92, passing under the control of the IGESPAR when this organization took over these responsibilities and jurisdictions.
1535:
1433:
1957:
1007:
1859:
730:
74:
1787:
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In 1976, the walls were once again consolidated and new azulejos were added to the chapel. The whitewashing of the structure was completed in 1977.
1074:
649:
1779:
1528:
889:
1795:
1000:
775:
240:
1835:
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266:. The reuse of capitals during the Middle Ages was not only limited to this period, but also again reused during the 9th to 11th century.
1514:
1486:
1440:
1055:
1426:
948:
642:
1142:
1048:
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1952:
1628:
1542:
1507:
1149:
1135:
854:
1718:
1170:
246:
There are no local records which shed light on the castle or fort, and it is not mentioned in writings until a grant by King
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1177:
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of the structures (in 1968). Following an earthquake in 1969, much of the existing fortress was damaged or destroyed.
1896:
1412:
313:
A new initiative to repair the walls, which also included touches to the chapel and annexes, were completed in 1986.
411:
1942:
1771:
1294:
1289:
1284:
974:
1553:
875:
868:
557:
Gamito, Teresa Júdice (1997), "Ipses (Vila Velha)", in Faria, António
Marques de; Barata, Maria Filomena (eds.),
1706:
751:
908:
741:
414:(in Portuguese). Lisbon, Portugal: IGESPAR - Instituto de Gestão do Património Arquitectónico e Arqueológico
1521:
1672:
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1325:
1243:
1207:
1184:
1163:
247:
1609:
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1367:
1314:
258:), dated February 1250. Equally problematic was the proposal of Cláudio Torres, who saw in the chapel a
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470:(in Portuguese), Lisbon, Portugal: SIPA – Sistema de Informação para o Património Arquitectónico
465:
1851:
1730:
1254:
1081:
791:
621:
598:
575:
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220:
63:
The Chapel of Nossa
Senhora da Rocha on the promontory overlooking the beach of the same name
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1108:
1033:
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589:
Maciel, Manuel
Justino Pinheiro (2003), "O território de Balsa na Antiguidade Tardia",
255:
561:, Lisbon, Portugal: Instituto Português do Património Arquitectónico, pp. 257–263
1936:
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1249:
826:
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1222:
692:
665:
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550:
Corografia ou memoria economica, estadistica, e topografica do reino do
Algarve
532:
Corografia ou memoria economica, estadistica, e topografica do reino do
Algarve
295:
A final phase of remodelling and reconstruction occurred in the 19th century.
89:
76:
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634:
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799:
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of the
Iberian peninsula, the site was already a military fortification.
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1879:
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The chapel is composed of two spaces essentially: a large rectangular
1646:
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The distant Chapel as seen from the promontory, as seen from the east
1372:
1925:
Name of the fort inserted in its district or autonomous region.
638:
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consisting of scrolls and palmettes with stylized triangles.
343:
In the interior, the cupola is covered by wood with a modern
505:
Santiago Macias, Claudio Torres, Susana Gomez (1999), p.161
467:
Forte e capela de Nossa
Senhora da Rocha (v.PT050806040001)
612:
Macias, Santiago; Torres, Claudio; Gomez, Susana (1999),
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593:(in Portuguese), Lisbon, Portugal, pp. 105–126
543:(in Portuguese), Porto, Portugal: Concelho de Lagoa
464:Neto, João; Gordalina, Rosário (2008), SIPA (ed.),
300:
Direcção-Geral dos Edifícios e Monumentos Nacionais
157:
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144:
134:
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105:
68:
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568:Castelos, fortalezas e torres da região do Algarve
318:Instituto Português do Património Arquitectónicoon
591:Tavira. Território e Poder, catálogo de exposição
496:Manuel Justino Pinheiro Maciel (2003), pp.118-119
316:The site came under the protection of the IPPAR (
616:(in Portuguese), Lisbon, Portugal, p. 161
650:
254:Estevão (in a document sent to the people of
8:
379:Manuel Justino Pinheiro Maciel (2003), p.119
1667:Fort of the Church of São Mateus da Calheta
513:
511:
1963:Buildings and structures in Lagoa, Algarve
1203:
657:
643:
635:
626:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
603:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
580:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
412:"Forte e Capela de Nossa Senhora da Rocha"
405:
130:DRCAlgarve, Decree 34/2007 (20 March 2007)
18:
1948:Properties of Public Interest in Portugal
403:
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487:Teresa Júdice Gamito (1997), pp.356-357
459:
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451:
449:
363:
298:The site was partially restored by the
239:the atrium and its similarity with the
179:) is a medieval castle situated in the
619:
596:
573:
548:Lopes, João Baptista da Silva (1841),
530:Lopes, João Baptista da Silva (1841),
447:
445:
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441:
439:
437:
435:
433:
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429:
559:Noventa séculos entre a Serra e o Mar
7:
539:Oliveira, Francisco Ataíde (1912),
1958:Coastal fortifications in Portugal
370:Teresa Júdice Gamito (1997), p.356
14:
552:(in Portuguese), Lisbon, Portugal
534:(in Portuguese), Lisbon, Portugal
876:Nossa Senhora da Penha de França
691:
204:Chapel of Nossa Senhora da Rocha
57:
16:Fort in Porches, Lagoa, Portugal
1008:São João Baptista das Berlengas
570:(in Portuguese), Faro, Portugal
517:Valdemar Coutinho (1997), p.116
241:Chapel of São Pedro de Balsemão
29:Forte de Nossa Senhora da Rocha
1719:Military Battery of Espalamaca
277:During the 13th century, King
169:Fort of Nossa Senhora da Rocha
161:Stone, Masonry, Tile, Woodwork
22:Fort of Nossa Senhora da Rocha
1:
1788:Santo António do Monte Brasil
890:São Sebastião de Castro Marim
260:"centre of pilgrimage in the
1103:Nossa Senhora de Porto Salvo
173:Fort of Our Lady of the Rock
1178:Nossa Senhora da Natividade
1001:Nossa Senhora da Consolação
862:Nossa Senhora da Encarnação
566:Coutinho, Valdemar (1997),
1979:
1420:Nossa Senhora da Conceição
689:
1923:
1529:São Sebastião da Caparica
1466:Nossa Senhora da Queimada
1340:Marquês de Sá da Bandeira
614:Terras da Moura encantada
202:. Inside the fort is the
56:
35:
26:
1604:São Francisco de Lovelhe
1480:Nossa Senhora das Salvas
1441:São João Baptista da Foz
1124:Nossa Senhora das Mercês
811:Santo António da Piedade
752:Forte de Ponte de Alvito
90:37.0956528°N 8.3861833°W
1889:Nossa Senhora do Amparo
1629:São Francisco de Chaves
1543:Santa Maria da Arrábida
1508:São Domingos da Baralha
1413:Nossa Senhora das Neves
1295:Fort of Portela Pequena
1117:Nossa Senhora dos Anjos
949:Santo António de Belixe
923:Santo António de Tavira
1953:Castles in the Algarve
1764:Santa Catarina das Mós
1673:Fort of Cinco Ribeiras
1575:Nossa Senhora da Ínsua
1473:Nossa Senhora da Saúde
1379:Nossa Senhora da Graça
1290:Fort of Portela Grande
1049:Santo António da Barra
956:Nossa Senhora da Rocha
883:Cavaleiros de Santiago
274:
95:37.0956528; -8.3861833
1836:São Mateus da Calheta
1707:Fort of Má Ferramenta
1694:Nossa Senhora da Guia
1315:Fort of Alto do Duque
1075:Nossa Senhora da Guia
1056:São Lourenço do Bugio
902:Nossa Senhora da Guia
541:Monografia de Porches
410:IGESPAR, ed. (2011).
272:
206:, of uncertain date.
1487:Santiago de Sesimbra
1427:São Francisco Xavier
1150:São Pedro do Estoril
1063:Nossa Senhora da Luz
869:Nossa Senhora da Luz
683:Barra de Aveiro Fort
1687:Fort of the Caninas
1661:Fort of the Cavalas
1655:Fort of the Açougue
1192:São Brás de Sanxete
1143:São Julião da Barra
1110:São Pedro de Milreu
770:Fortress of Buarcos
256:Santa Maria de Faro
250:to his chancellor,
171:(also known as the
122:Portuguese Republic
86: /
1581:Fort of Lagarteira
1089:São João das Maias
1015:São Miguel Arcanjo
275:
1943:Forts in Portugal
1930:
1929:
1868:São João Baptista
1852:Forte do Terreiro
1828:São João Baptista
1751:Três Paus redoubt
1738:São João Baptista
1731:Dois Paus redoubt
1597:Santiago da Barra
1494:Santiago do Outão
1434:São João Baptista
1349:
1348:
1255:Fort of Mosqueiro
1218:Fort of Alqueidão
930:São João da Barra
855:São João do Arade
731:São João Baptista
177:Castle of Porches
165:
164:
1970:
1745:Reducto da Salga
1713:Fort of the Maré
1522:São Luís Gonzaga
1285:Fort of Aguieira
1280:Fort of Subserra
1275:Fort of Archeira
1260:Fort of Olheiros
1238:Fort of Zambujal
1228:Fort of Carvalha
1204:
1198:Fort of Cresmina
842:Fort of Arrifana
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659:
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114:Site information
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1926:
1919:
1874:
1725:Fort of Negrito
1641:
1614:
1555:
1548:
1446:
1398:
1345:
1320:Fort of Sacavém
1306:
1299:
1209:
1202:
1130:Fort of Sacavém
1069:Fort of Guincho
1020:
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821:
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756:
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1860:Zimbreiro Fort
1856:
1848:
1840:
1832:
1824:
1816:
1808:
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1776:
1768:
1760:
1757:Forte da Salga
1754:
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1734:
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1722:
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1704:
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1680:Espírito Santo
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1460:Albarquel fort
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1307:Entrincheirado
1301:
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1272:
1267:
1265:Forts of Ajuda
1262:
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1185:Santa Apolónia
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945:
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933:
926:
919:
912:
905:
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896:Fort of Sagres
893:
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872:
865:
858:
851:
848:Santa Catarina
844:
839:
831:
829:
823:
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820:
819:
817:Fort of Mourão
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782:Palheiros Fort
779:
776:Santa Catarina
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1900:(Porto Santo)
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1844:São Sebastião
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1831:(Santa Maria)
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1825:
1822:
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1814:
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1812:São Francisco
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1799:(Santa Maria)
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1780:Santo António
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1701:Fort of Greta
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1586:Montedor Fort
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1512:
1510:
1509:
1505:
1503:
1502:
1501:Santo Alberto
1498:
1496:
1495:
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1477:
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1270:Fort of Arpim
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1250:Fort of Ribas
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1210:Torres Vedras
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666:Bastion forts
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71:
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60:
55:
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43:
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34:
30:
25:
20:
1911:
1905:São Lourenço
1903:
1895:
1887:
1866:
1858:
1850:
1842:
1834:
1826:
1818:
1810:
1804:São Fernando
1802:
1794:
1786:
1778:
1770:
1762:
1736:
1692:
1678:
1634:
1627:
1602:
1595:
1573:
1541:
1536:São Teodósio
1534:
1527:
1520:
1513:
1506:
1499:
1492:
1485:
1478:
1471:
1464:
1439:
1432:
1425:
1418:
1411:
1391:
1384:
1377:
1338:
1331:
1324:
1242:
1233:Fort of Casa
1223:Fort of Cego
1190:
1183:
1176:
1169:
1162:
1157:São Teodósio
1155:
1148:
1141:
1134:
1122:
1115:
1109:
1101:
1094:
1087:
1082:Santa Susana
1080:
1073:
1061:
1054:
1047:
1040:
1034:
1013:
1006:
999:
992:
955:
954:
947:
935:
928:
921:
914:
907:
900:
888:
882:
874:
867:
860:
853:
846:
834:
809:
774:
729:
711:São Clemente
709:
613:
590:
567:
558:
549:
540:
531:
501:
492:
483:
472:, retrieved
466:
416:. Retrieved
375:
366:
349:
342:
338:
331:
328:Architecture
322:
315:
312:
309:
299:
297:
294:
290:
283:
276:
259:
245:
237:
224:
216:
213:
203:
189:municipality
181:civil parish
176:
172:
168:
166:
145:Site history
135:Open to
81:8°23′10.26″W
78:37°5′44.35″N
28:
1569:Fort of Cão
1564:Areosa Fort
1386:Santa Luzia
1368:Campo Maior
1244:São Vicente
1171:Santo Amaro
1164:Santa Marta
1042:Bom Sucesso
1035:São Vicente
943:Burgau Fort
916:São Vicente
668:in Portugal
153:8th Century
93: /
69:Coordinates
1937:Categories
1863:(Terceira)
1855:(Terceira)
1847:(Terceira)
1839:(Terceira)
1823:(Terceira)
1815:(Terceira)
1807:(Terceira)
1791:(Terceira)
1783:(Terceira)
1772:Santa Cruz
1767:(Terceira)
1759:(Terceira)
1753:(Terceira)
1747:(Terceira)
1741:(Terceira)
1733:(Terceira)
1727:(Terceira)
1715:(Terceira)
1709:(Terceira)
1703:(Terceira)
1689:(Terceira)
1683:(Terceira)
1675:(Terceira)
1669:(Terceira)
1663:(Terceira)
1657:(Terceira)
1636:São Neutel
1515:São Filipe
1355:Portalegre
1333:Dom Carlos
354:References
248:Afonso III
197:Portuguese
1916:(Madeira)
1913:São Tiago
1908:(Madeira)
1892:(Madeira)
1620:Vila Real
1393:São Roque
1363:Arronches
1136:São Jorge
1096:São Bruno
937:Vera Cruz
909:São Roque
805:Juromenha
225:Lacobriga
187:, in the
158:Materials
1897:São José
1820:São João
1796:São Brás
1554:Viana do
1326:Dom Luís
1208:Lines of
836:São Luís
800:Estremoz
622:citation
599:citation
576:citation
474:25 March
418:25 March
286:John III
217:Ossonoba
127:Operator
50:Portugal
48:in
1880:Madeira
1775:(Faial)
1721:(Faial)
1697:(Faial)
1610:Valença
1556:Castelo
1452:Setúbal
975:Almeida
762:Coimbra
742:Castelo
524:Sources
345:retable
334:narthex
304:azulejo
262:Mozarab
210:History
200:Algarve
185:Porches
46:Algarve
42:Algarve
1871:(Pico)
1647:Azores
1591:Monção
1026:Lisbon
985:Leiria
967:Guarda
744:Branco
675:Aveiro
264:epoch"
140:Public
1404:Porto
1373:Elvas
1305:Campo
792:Évora
722:Braga
359:Notes
284:King
279:Denis
229:Lagos
223:) to
193:Lagoa
150:Built
119:Owner
827:Faro
702:Beja
628:link
605:link
582:link
476:2012
420:2012
221:Faro
167:The
109:Fort
106:Type
38:Faro
195:in
191:of
183:of
175:or
1939::
624:}}
620:{{
601:}}
597:{{
578:}}
574:{{
510:^
428:^
384:^
252:D.
44:,
40:,
658:e
651:t
644:v
630:)
607:)
584:)
422:.
227:(
219:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
