1169:
3487:
31:
265:
2761:, the King of the Congo: "Now, I say, like you said that there was no capture of slaves in your Kingdom, I just want to provide you with flour and wine for your Eucharistic rites, and for that it would only be needed a caravel each year; if it seems right to you, in exchange for 10,000 slaves and 10,000 armlets and 10,000 ivory tooth, that, it is said, in the Congo there is not much, not even a ship per year; so, this and more shall be as you want."
793:
1025:
accepting any denunciation as evidence, denying prisoners the right to choose their defenders, and allowing no appeal outside the
Inquisition. Punishments ranged from fines and imprisonment to property confiscation and banishment, with executions for heresy carried out by Crown justice. Between 1543 and 1684, at least 1,379 people were burned at the stake, and a minimum of 19,247 were condemned, with many dying in prison without trial.
391:
1034:
925:. However, rivalry between the orthodox views of the "Parisians" group headed by Diogo de Gouveia and the more secular views of the "Bordeaux" school headed by his nephew André de Gouveia led to accusations of heterodoxy and Protestant sympathies, resulting in all foreign professors leaving by 1551. The Society of Jesus took over administration of the college in 1555.
1377:
570:
965:
1439:(1557–1578). Since Brazil lacked a large native population and the ones who lived there weren't adapted to the strenuous work required in the plantation fields, the Portuguese colonists began importing African slaves to strengthen the workforce present in the territory. The first slaves, from the region of
1024:
The
Inquisition in Portugal gradually became a remarkably powerful entity with its own extensive bureaucracy. There were inquisitorial courts in Lisbon, Coimbra, Évora and Goa that each featured a central office and employed dozens of officials. The Inquisition's procedures were severe and irregular,
1359:
winds in the Indian Ocean. In winter the prevailing northeasterly monsoon impeded travel to India; in summer the southwest monsoon made departure from India difficult. As a result, Portugal decided that it needed permanent bases in India in addition to its ports in Africa, to pass the time while the
1253:
state. Portugal thus militarily occupied some key cities on the Indian coast and Goa became the headquarters of the
Portuguese Empire in the East as of 1512. Goa became a starting point for the introduction of European cultural and religious values in India, and churches, schools and hospitals were
1206:
was offered to
Portugal by China. From India, John III imported an amazing variety of spices, herbs, minerals, and fabrics; from Malacca, exotic woods and spice; from Bengala, fabrics and exotic foodstuffs; from Alexandria and Cairo, exotic woods, metals, minerals, fabrics, and boullion; and from
600:
interests grew increasingly chaotic under the poor administration of ambitious governors. John III responded with new appointments that proved troubled and short-lived: in some cases, the new governors even had to fight their predecessors to take up their appointments. The resulting failures in
601:
administration brought on a gradual decline of the
Portuguese trade monopoly. In consideration of the challenging military situation faced by Portuguese forces worldwide, on 7 August 1549 John III declared every male subject between 20 and 65 years old recruitable for military service.
489:, but instead she married his widowed father Manuel. John took deep offence at this: his chroniclers say he became melancholic and was never quite the same. Some historians also argue this was one of the main reasons that John later became fervently religious, giving him the name of
956:. He had been enthusiastically endorsed by Diogo de Gouveia, his teacher at the Collège Sainte-Barbe, and advised the king to draw the youngsters of the newly formed Society of Jesus. The Jesuits were particularly important for mediating Portuguese relations with native peoples.
1434:
In the final years of John's reign
Portugal's colony of Brazil was just beginning its rapid development as a producer of sugar that compensated for the gradual decline of revenues from Asia, a development that would continue during the reign of his grandson and successor,
509:
On 19 December 1521 John was crowned king in the Church of São
Domingos in Lisbon, beginning a thirty-six-year reign characterized by extensive activity in internal and overseas politics, especially in relations with other major European states. John III continued the
644:, an initial settlement of French colonists in Brazil created yet another "front". The French made alliances with native South Americans against the Portuguese and military and political interventions were used. Eventually they were forced out, but not until 1565.
2292:
John III (referred to as João III) leads the
Portuguese civilization in the 2016 4X video game Civilization VI, being released in the Portugal Pack on 25 March 2021, as part of the "New Frontier Pass" DLC. His ability and civilization focuses on maritime trade.
783:
was offered to the
Portuguese, and soon Portugal controlled major trade routes in the area. In South Asia, the Portuguese continued its hostile stance against their Muslim rivals and insurgent Indian leaders.
1207:
China, musk, rhubarb and silk in exchange for gromwells, pearls, horses from Arabia and Persia, non-worked silk, silk embroidery threads, fruits of the date palm, raisins, salt, sulphur and many other goods.
730:– and there were others. However, the intermarriage of these closely related royal families may have been one of the factors that contributed to the poor health of John's children and of future King
1415:, Indian slaves and exotic birds from there. Brazilian wood was a very appreciated product in Europe because it could be used to produce a type of red dye. During John III's rule, after the initial
1332:
In 1553, Leonel de Sousa obtained authorization for the
Portuguese to establish themselves in Canton and Macau. Macau was later offered to John III as a reward for Portuguese assistance against
1747:
Dom João, por graça de Deus, Rei de Portugal, e dos Algarves, d'aquém e d'além mar em África, Senhor da Guiné, e da Conquista, Navegação, & Comércio da Etiópia, Arábia, Pérsia, & Índia
1107:
John III refused to abandon all of the Portuguese North African strongholds, but he had to make choices based on the economic or strategic value of each possession. John III decided to leave
659:, and especially in India, where attacks became more frequent. The expense of defending Indian interests was huge. To pay for it, John III abandoned a number of strongholds in North Africa:
4096:
198:
1329:
to Spain and secured their presence in the islands, which was not actually necessary, since Portugal was actually entitled to the islands according to the Treaty of Tordesillas.
905:, to head the college and organize faculty. André de Gouveia assembled a group of Scottish, French, and Portuguese scholars who had been educated in France. Those included
470:
António de Castilho said that, "Dom João III faced problems easily, complementing his lack of culture with a practice formation that he always showed during his reign" (
1168:
4644:
1265:, who called it "Cipango". Whether Portuguese nationals were the first Europeans to arrive in Japan is debated. Some say the first Portuguese arrival was the writer
1218:(or Governor-General with extensive powers) was nominated, but it was not enough to defend the Portuguese possessions in India. The Portuguese started by creating
3403:
3351:
3137:
3720:
3486:
4111:
4075:
752:. This relationship with the Catholic Church made it possible for John to name whomever he desired to important religious positions in Portugal: his brothers
4091:
188:
1280:. Because the Portuguese established themselves in Macau, Chinese commercial relations and the silver trade with Japan were improved under John III's rule.
3258:
3004:
2904:
1582:
1076:. Under John III, several expeditions started in coastal Africa and advanced to the interior of the continent. These expeditions were formed by groups of
4354:
4003:
1147:
4390:
1404:(São Salvador da Bahia de Todos os Santos) in 1549. For his role in the colonization of South America, John III has been referred to as The Colonizer (
1135:
were strengthened "to face the new military techniques, imposed by the generalization of heavy artillery, combined with light fire weapons and blades".
1214:
in India, and because it was so far away from mainland Portugal, it was extremely difficult for John III to secure Portuguese dominion in this area. A
4639:
3759:
4503:
4169:
779:
during John III's reign. Meanwhile, in the opposite side of the world, Portugal was the first European nation to make contact with Japan. In China
690:
with Emperor Charles V on 22 April 1529. It defined the areas of Spanish and Portuguese influence in Asia and established the anti-meridian to the
1505:
1456:
1416:
707:
550:
332:
149:
3847:
2205:
998:. Following ten years of negotiations with Rome, a Portuguese Inquisition received papal dispensation in 1536. The first Grand Inquisitor was
4654:
4629:
4339:
4198:
4175:
4145:
4101:
4039:
3103:
2874:
3146:
1843:
621:
4065:
2302:
1530:
723:
193:
4106:
3977:
3868:
3396:
2111:
1629:
1452:
411:
243:
208:
4446:
4060:
4044:
3713:
3373:
3219:
3187:
2967:
2937:
2794:
2519:
2456:
2432:
1514:
557:. John III had nine children from that marriage, but most of them died at young age. By the time of John's death, only his grandson
4250:
4055:
2998:
1021:. Because Protestants and Jews did not have a significant presence in Portugal, the Inquisition instead targeted New Christians.
651:
continued, and the Portuguese reached China and Japan; however these accomplishments were offset by pressure from a strengthening
4431:
3905:
683:
636:
in both the Indian Ocean and North Africa, causing Portugal to increase spending on defense and fortifications. Meanwhile in the
374:
territories in North Africa in favor of the trade with India and investments in Brazil. In Europe he improved relations with the
737:
John III remained neutral during the war between France and Spain, but stood firm in fighting the attacks of French privateers.
317:
30:
4634:
4383:
4371:
4240:
702:
The reign of John III was marked by active diplomacy. With Spain, he made alliances through marriage that ensured peace in the
264:
1384:
During the reign of King John III the Portuguese Empire established itself in South America with the foundation of the twelve
4245:
1480:
4649:
4454:
4419:
4286:
4204:
3389:
2850:
2027:
1460:
1393:
719:
538:
511:
3059:
4619:
4614:
4485:
4438:
4425:
3987:
3972:
3800:
3706:
3420:
3283:
1385:
4127:
3941:
3412:
3337:
3319:
2468:
1905:
1713:
The official style was the same used by his father Manuel I: "Dom João, by the grace of God, King of Portugal, of the
757:
305:
253:
48:
2555:
2509:
4276:
3936:
3026:
1598:
1546:
1344:, was vital to Portuguese interests in the Far East. After an unsuccessful expedition in 1509, Malacca was finally
452:
203:
1088:. Missions in Africa were established by the College of Arts of Coimbra. The objective was to increase the king's
530:. During the early part of his reign, he also tried to restructure administrative and judicial life in his realm.
4318:
4230:
4132:
3946:
2448:
2265:
1931:
1345:
910:
1396:, and the twelve captaincy colonies became subordinate to it. The first Governor-General appointed by John III,
474:). In 1514 he was given his own house, and a few years later began to help his father in administrative duties.
3967:
3926:
3910:
3795:
3656:
3509:
3200:
Portugal: diccionario historico, chorographico, heraldico, biographico, bibliographico, numismatico e artistico
2348:"De Romatinas a Christianitas: o Humanismo à portuguesa e as visões sobre o reinado de Dom João III, O Piedoso"
2285:
1811:
1785:
1151:
656:
1179:
1143:
4516:
4266:
4181:
4070:
3900:
3826:
3544:
3539:
3469:
1714:
1468:
1349:
1312:
999:
871:
753:
363:
had a global dimension and spanned almost 4 million square kilometres (1.5 million square miles).
309:
3177:
3093:
4624:
4013:
3931:
3821:
3449:
2053:
1463:. The sole son of John III to survive childhood, Prince John, was sick and died at young age (of juvenile
1266:
1052:
828:
761:
625:
321:
136:
3039:
2997:
4509:
4478:
4281:
4209:
3863:
3816:
3790:
3676:
3625:
3599:
3534:
3459:
3444:
3439:
3329:
3064:
2173:
1645:
1476:
1436:
1308:
1073:
883:
731:
691:
574:
558:
456:
325:
87:
4413:
3666:
914:
800:
792:
399:
36:
1443:, arrived in Brazil in 1539. Most of them worked in the sugarcane fields or served as house servants.
1272:
Portuguese traders started negotiating with Japan as early as of 1550 and established a base there in
463:(1476) and Professor of Law at Ferrara (1502). He studied Latin, Greek, mathematics, and cosmography.
4609:
4604:
4472:
4349:
4271:
4214:
4023:
4018:
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3774:
3751:
3739:
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3640:
3614:
3604:
3524:
3514:
3474:
3434:
3429:
3312:
3252:
1869:
1304:
879:
836:
808:
715:
534:
434:
407:
313:
233:
77:
3145:
Johnson, Harold (1995). "The Portuguese settlement of Brazil, 1500–1580". In Bethell, Leslie (ed.).
390:
366:
During his reign, the Portuguese became the first Europeans to make contact with Japan (during the
4407:
4323:
4138:
4008:
3884:
3729:
3661:
3630:
3619:
3594:
3570:
3519:
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1405:
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alongside its military and trade outposts, at the height of the reign of King John III of Portugal.
974:
894:
867:
749:
711:
613:
494:
482:
460:
297:
288:
277:
103:
1269:, while others say it was the navigators António Peixoto, António da Mota, and Francisco Zeimoto.
4376:
4235:
4163:
3609:
3575:
3565:
3556:
3504:
3358:
3131:
2732:
that Ethiopians carry on their necks as an amulet against lightning, yellow and green beads from
2147:
1963:
1542:
1320:
1311:. The Portuguese delegation sent by John III included names such as António de Azevedo Coutinho,
1284:
1238:
and Tanor – with the initial objective of establishing just a commercial dominion in the region.
1097:
898:
727:
687:
478:
448:
2511:
Asia in the making of Europe: A century of wonder. The literary arts. The scholarly disciplines
1249:
with the intent of expelling the Portuguese made it necessary for the Europeans to establish a
331:
During his rule, Portuguese possessions were extended in Asia and in the New World through the
4344:
3982:
3842:
3755:
3747:
3635:
3585:
3454:
3215:
3183:
3099:
2963:
2957:
2933:
2870:
2864:
2833:
2790:
2515:
2452:
2428:
2369:
2085:
1734:
1722:
1368:
remained in Portuguese hands until 1658, when it was seized by the Dutch after an epic siege.
1365:
1341:
1255:
1120:
1038:
832:
824:
816:
703:
668:
629:
609:
581:
542:
515:
486:
438:
360:
172:
2927:
1360:
wind was changing. In addition to Goa, they established themselves in Ceylon (in what is now
2823:
2359:
2260:
1742:
1397:
1288:
1277:
1261:
The Portuguese arrived in Japan in 1543. Japan had been known in Portugal since the time of
953:
875:
820:
775:
Commercial relations were intensified with England, the countries of the Baltic regions and
367:
3168:
The history of Portugal, from the Commencement of the Monarchy to the Reign of Alfonso III
2898:
1738:
1703:
1419:, Portuguese explorers intensified the search for brazilwood and began the cultivation of
1401:
1303:, pilots, etc.) was held to solve the dispute caused by the difficulty of determining the
1005:
The activities of the Inquisition extended from book censorship, repression and trial for
906:
860:
554:
336:
3166:
1202:(1515). During John's rule the Portuguese reached Japan, and at the end of John's reign
3209:
2729:
1749:). This style would only change in the 19th century when Brazil became a Vice-Kingdom.
1355:
In order to follow its trade routes to the Far East, Portugal depended on the seasonal
1292:
1191:
1173:
1050:
In John III's time, trade between the Portuguese and Africans was extremely intense in
978:
949:
844:
679:
652:
637:
633:
356:
124:
2740:" (Basílio Vasconcelos, "Itinerário" de Jerónimo Münzer, 1932), in exchange for gold,
1033:
4598:
3743:
3495:
3275:
3247:
3198:
2993:
2893:
2427:. Vol. II, The Reformation, 1520–1559. Cambridge University Press. p. 632.
2273:
1641:
1392:
captain, the twelve colonies worked independently. In 1549, John III established the
1108:
1061:
991:
970:
937:
918:
660:
617:
605:
589:
585:
433:
The young prince was sworn heir to the throne in 1503, the year his youngest sister,
375:
223:
3021:
2828:
2811:
2364:
2347:
1541:
Princess of Portugal (1527–1531). Princess consort of Asturias by marriage to King
1300:
1296:
1223:
1163:
1139:
1093:
1085:
929:
890:
741:
519:
40:
2784:
477:
At the age of sixteen John was chosen to marry his first cousin, the 20-year-old
2725:
2449:"Six essays on Erasmus and a translation of Erasmus' letter to Carondelet, 1523"
1250:
1211:
987:
941:
922:
856:
840:
812:
745:
678:
John III achieved an important political victory in securing the control of the
553:, younger sister of Charles V and his erstwhile fiancée Eleanor, in the town of
419:
344:
1411:
Immediately following the discovery of Brazil in 1500, the Portuguese imported
1364:) through the conquest of several Ceylonese kingdoms in the sixteenth century.
3044:
1726:
1412:
1323:, signed by John III and Charles I of Spain. The Portuguese paid 350,000 gold
1316:
1262:
1235:
1010:
1006:
765:
541:, enabled the Portuguese king to forge a stronger alliance with Spain and the
467:
445:
2837:
2373:
3251:
2758:
2733:
1420:
1361:
1195:
1077:
933:
641:
379:
1276:. By then, trade with Japan was a Portuguese monopoly under the rule of a
921:, who were decisive for the dissemination of the contemporary research of
569:
2853:, História do Descobrimento e Conquista da Índia pelos Portugueses, 1979.
2737:
1730:
1707:
1472:
1464:
1389:
1273:
1246:
1187:
1128:
1089:
1081:
945:
902:
776:
664:
648:
597:
527:
523:
3262:. Vol. 15 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 444.
1348:, the Portuguese viceroy of India, on 24 August 1511. Malacca was later
928:
Another noteworthy aspect of John III's rule was the support he gave to
847:. Through his links to Portuguese humanists such as Luís Teixeira Lobo,
3698:
3381:
2741:
2713:
1423:, which was well suited to the climate of Brazil and especially around
1376:
1356:
1337:
1215:
1132:
1065:
995:
964:
848:
686:. After almost a decade of skirmishes in Southeast Asia, he signed the
546:
218:
4578:
title removed in 1920 as their parents' marriage was deemed undynastic
889:
In 1547 John established in Coimbra a College of Arts and Humanities (
640:, where Portuguese ships already had to withstand constant attacks of
339:. John III's policy of reinforcing Portugal's bases in India (such as
1718:
1440:
1424:
1333:
1242:
1231:
1227:
1116:
1112:
1069:
1057:
1018:
1014:
866:
John awarded many scholarships to universities abroad, mainly in the
672:
584:
was difficult and expensive to administer and was burdened with huge
415:
371:
352:
348:
107:
632:
and Henrique de Meneses. Overseas, the Empire was threatened by the
2745:
2717:
2329:
2327:
1428:
1375:
1325:
1203:
1199:
1167:
1146:, a black African, who was eventually admitted to the prestigious
1124:
1101:
1032:
990:
in Portugal by pressure from neighboring Castile and reports that
963:
791:
780:
769:
593:
568:
389:
2897:
1186:
Before the reign of John III, the Portuguese had already reached
1100:. Relations with local rulers were often complicated by trade in
444:
John was educated by notable scholars of the time, including the
4530:* also an infante of Castile and León, Aragon, Sicily and Naples
3702:
3385:
1640:
Prince of Portugal (1537–1554). Declared heir in 1539. Married
3124:
História da Origem e Estabelecimento da Inquisição em Portugal
2786:
Africa in Europe: Antiquity into the Age of Global Exploration
2721:
2514:(University of Chicago Press, 1994 ed.). pp. 30–31.
340:
1254:
built. Goa remained an overseas possession of Portugal until
878:. He definitively transferred the Portuguese university from
748:
in Portugal and the adhesion of the Portuguese clergy to the
3211:
Reign of the Fortunate King, 1495–1521: Manuel I of Portugal
1319:
and Simão Fernandes. The dispute was settled in 1529 by the
1241:
The hostility of many Indian kingdoms and alliances between
1210:
As Muslims and other peoples constantly attacked Portuguese
1002:, the king's brother (who would later himself become king).
647:
In the first years of John III's reign, explorations in the
418:
on 6 June 1502. The event was marked by the presentation of
328:. John succeeded his father in 1521 at the age of nineteen.
3008:. Vol. 10 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.
2999:"Ferdinand V. of Castile and Leon and II. of Aragon"
2908:. Vol. 9 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.
1017:, as well as the prosecution of sexual crimes, especially
811:
was significant. He patronized various writers, including
3203:(in Portuguese). Vol. III. Lisboa: J. Romano Torres.
2684:
2682:
2680:
2655:
2653:
2628:
2626:
722:, the king of Spain and Holy Roman Emperor. His daughter
3171:. London: Sampson Low, Marston, Searle, & Rivington.
2812:"Ser mulato em Portugal nos primórdios da época moderna"
2601:
2599:
1475:
in 1557, his only heir was his three-year-old grandson,
936:, Asia and Africa. In 1540, after successive appeals to
1706:), a mark of high esteem for a distinguished Christian
1610:
Prince of Portugal (1537–1539). Declared heir in 1537.
1593:
Prince of Portugal (1531–1537). Declared heir in 1535.
1545:, then Prince of Asturias. She had one deformed child,
4562:
also a prince of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, Duke in Saxony
855:
to John III of Portugal in 1527. French mathematician
604:
Among John III's many colonial governors in Asia were
472:
Elogio d'el rei D. João de Portugal, terceiro, do nome
455:, and Luís Teixeira Lobo, one of the first Portuguese
3752:
Infanta Isabel, Holy Roman Empress and Queen of Spain
312:
from 1521 until his death in 1557. He was the son of
3060:"CIVILIZATION VI - FIRST LOOK: JOÃO III OF PORTUGAL"
2712:"Common products were salt, wheat, horses, carpets,
2289:
in 2001, but his role was cut when it was released.
4538:
also an infante of Spain and an archduke of Austria
4496:
4465:
4400:
4364:
4332:
4311:
4295:
4259:
4223:
4191:
4156:
4120:
4084:
4032:
3996:
3955:
3919:
3893:
3877:
3856:
3835:
3809:
3783:
3767:
3584:
3555:
3494:
3419:
3017:
3015:
2283:John III was mentioned in the historical Thai film
1176:
asking King John III for the Evangelization of Asia
870:, where fifty Portuguese students were sent to the
382:, hoping that this would bolster Portuguese trade.
259:
249:
239:
229:
217:
171:
143:
131:
114:
97:
93:
83:
73:
65:
54:
47:
23:
3176:Marques, Antonio Henrique R. de Oliveira (1976).
2988:
2986:
2888:
2886:
2724:for African natives' coins, copper or tin vases,
682:, the "Spice Islands" claimed by Spain since the
518:only three times and at great intervals: 1525 in
4199:Baltasar Carlos, Prince of Portugal and Asturias
2932:. University of Pennsylvania Press. p. 11.
2469:"Études sur le Portugal au temps de l'humanisme"
2333:
1380:Captaincies of the Governorate General of Brazil
3233:. Vol. II. Lisboa: Iniciativas Editoriais.
3197:Pereira, Esteves; Rodrigues, Guilherme (1904).
3095:A History of Portugal and the Portuguese Empire
2951:
2949:
1717:, of either side of the sea in Africa, Lord of
1694:Like his predecessors John III used the style "
1467:), eighteen days before his wife gave birth to
1104:, as shown by John's correspondence with them.
424:Visitation Play or the Monologue of the Cowherd
4045:Miguel da Paz, Prince of Portugal and Asturias
3714:
3397:
2748:and bush redpepper brought by the Portuguese.
917:, Nicolas de Grouchy, Guillaume Guérante and
573:King John III portrayed as the patron of the
178:
8:
797:Portrait of the King D. João III of Portugal
514:politics of his predecessors. He called the
3098:. Vol. I. Cambridge University Press.
2560:(1st, UC Biblioteca Geral 1, 1979 ed.)
2557:The Erasmian influence on D. João de Castro
1549:, and she died a few days after his birth.
940:asking for missionaries for the Portuguese
3721:
3707:
3699:
3404:
3390:
3382:
3266:
3136:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1766:
1757:
1471:on 20 January 1554. When John III died of
706:for a number of years. He himself married
29:
20:
2863:Coutinho, Eduardo F. (22 February 2018).
2827:
2363:
764:and his biological son, Duarte; was made
428:Auto da Visitação ou Monólogo do Vaqueiro
292:; 6 June 1502 – 11 June 1557), nicknamed
3906:Infante João, Duke of Valencia de Campos
2866:Brazilian Literature as World Literature
1485:
986:John III was persuaded to establish the
4645:Portuguese colonization of the Americas
3182:. New York: Columbia University Press.
2921:
2919:
2917:
2915:
2770:
2688:
2671:
2659:
2632:
2617:
2541:
2503:
2501:
2480:
2410:
2398:
2386:
2314:
1457:Joanna of Austria, Princess of Portugal
1388:(from 1534 onwards). Each with its own
359:. On the eve of his death in 1557, the
343:) secured Portugal's monopoly over the
4345:Pedro I of Brazil & IV of Portugal
4133:Diogo, Prince of Portugal and Asturias
3738:The generations indicate descent from
3129:
2700:
2644:
2605:
2471:, pp.73–77 UC Biblioteca Geral 1, 1952
2321:Rendered as Joam in Archaic Portuguese
2127:
2007:
2003:
1993:
1885:
1775:
1771:
1451:From 1539, the heir to the throne was
973:of the Portuguese Inquisition, in the
839:. He also supported the mathematician
4455:Infante Duarte Nuno, Duke of Braganza
4146:Manuel, Hereditary Prince of Portugal
4040:Afonso, Hereditary Prince of Portugal
3760:Infanta Catarina, Duchess of Braganza
3160:. Vol. III. Círculo de Leitores.
2423:Elton, Geoffrey Rudolph, ed. (1990).
2346:Paes, Maria Paula Dias Couto (2007).
2203:
2193:
2189:
2177:
2171:
2161:
2145:
2135:
2131:
2115:
2109:
2099:
2083:
2073:
2069:
2057:
2051:
2041:
2025:
2015:
2011:
1987:
1977:
1961:
1951:
1947:
1935:
1929:
1919:
1903:
1893:
1889:
1873:
1867:
1857:
1841:
1831:
1827:
1815:
1809:
1799:
1783:
1779:
1336:in the period between 1557 and 1564.
1194:(1512), the Chinese littoral (1513),
549:he married his maternal first cousin
287:
7:
4486:Infante Duarte Pio, Duke of Braganza
3988:Infante Diogo, Constable of Portugal
3973:Infante Pedro, Constable of Portugal
3687:Debatable or disputed rulers are in
2590:
2578:
2492:
1295:. In 1524, a conference of experts (
1092:, develop peaceful relations and to
3942:Infante João, Constable of Portugal
3801:Infante Fernando, Count of Flanders
2962:. G.P. Putnam's Sons. p. 139.
2926:Liss, Peggy K. (10 November 2015).
2757:Here is a passage from a letter to
2303:Descendants of Manuel I of Portugal
740:He strengthened relations with the
194:Maria Manuela, Princess of Asturias
4340:Francisco António, Prince of Beira
3848:Infante Afonso, Lord of Portalegre
3238:Serrão, Joaquim Veríssimo (1978).
3231:Dicionário da História de Portugal
3148:Cambridge History of Latin America
2447:John C. Olin, Desiderius Erasmus,
863:also dedicated works to the king.
16:King of Portugal from 1521 to 1557
14:
4554:also an imperial prince of Brazil
4112:Infante Duarte, Duke of Guimarães
4076:Infante Duarte, Duke of Guimarães
3983:Cardinal-Infante Jaime of Coimbra
3115:D. João III O Homem e a Sua Época
2451:, p. 47 Fordham Univ Press, 1979
1761:Ancestors of John III of Portugal
1346:captured by Afonso de Albuquerque
1340:, which controlled the eponymous
441:between 1527 and 1538, was born.
4640:16th-century Portuguese monarchs
4432:Infante Augusto, Duke of Coimbra
4384:Infante Miguel, Duke of Braganza
4061:Infante Fernando, Duke of Guarda
3911:Infante Dinis, Lord of Cifuentes
3485:
3122:Herculano, Alexandre (1879–80).
2929:Isabel the Queen: Life and Times
2789:. Lexington Books. p. 167.
2425:The New Cambridge Modern History
2259:John III of Portugal figures in
1291:claimed the recently discovered
1039:Portugal and its colonial empire
994:had failed to properly renounce
948:" agreement, John III appointed
684:Magellan-Elcano circumnavigation
561:was alive to inherit the crown.
263:
4241:Infante Francisco, Duke of Beja
4107:João Manuel, Prince of Portugal
3978:Infante João, Prince of Antioch
3968:Infante Fernando, Duke of Viseu
3937:Infante Henrique, Duke of Viseu
3827:Infante Fernando, Lord of Serpa
3242:. Vol. III. Lisboa: Verbo.
3214:. Hamden, Conn.: Archon Books.
3117:. Lisboa: Edição Romano Torres.
2829:10.1590/S1413-77042011000100005
2508:Lach, Donald Frederick (1994).
2365:10.1590/S0104-87752007000200015
1479:. John III's body rests in the
1453:João Manuel, Prince of Portugal
453:Diogo de Ortiz, Bishop of Viseu
394:Detail of Prince John from the
209:João Manuel, Prince of Portugal
161:
35:Portrait of John attributed to
4251:Infante Manuel, Count of Ourém
4071:Henrique I (The Cardinal-King)
3932:Infante Pedro, Duke of Coimbra
3869:Infante Afonso, Lord of Leiria
3796:Infante Pedro, Count of Urgell
3083:Braga, Paulo Drummond (2002).
2956:Stephens, Henry Morse (1903).
2716:, Irish and English clothing,
545:. To strengthen his ties with
533:The marriage of John's sister
485:of Austria-Burgundy and Queen
1:
4479:Infante Afonso, Duke of Porto
4439:Infante Miguel, Duke of Viseu
3253:"John III. of Portugal"
3156:Mattoso, José (dir.) (1993).
3151:. Cambridge University Press.
2869:. Bloomsbury Publishing USA.
1394:Governorate General of Brazil
406:John, the eldest son of King
320:, the third daughter of King
39:, copy of a 1552 original by
4655:Maritime history of Portugal
4630:Knights of the Golden Fleece
4372:João Carlos, Prince of Beira
4019:Infante Diogo, Duke of Viseu
3742:, and continues through the
3229:Serrão, Joel (dir.) (1971).
2334:Pereira & Rodrigues 1904
1386:Captaincy Colonies of Brazil
1222:– commercial strongholds in
1150:based on his service in the
4014:Infante João, Duke of Viseu
3092:Disney, A. R. (2009).
1906:John, Constable of Portugal
1674:Duarte, Archbishop of Braga
1525:Prince of Portugal (1526).
1509:(married 10 February 1525)
1123:in 1549. The fortresses of
807:John III's support for the
4673:
4420:Infante João, Duke of Beja
4205:Teodósio, Prince of Brazil
4102:Filipe, Prince of Portugal
4097:Manuel, Prince of Portugal
4092:Afonso, Prince of Portugal
4056:Infante Luís, Duke of Beja
3022:Isabella I, Queen of Spain
2851:Fernão Lopes de Castanheda
2810:Dutra, Francis A. (2011).
2121:
2005:
1879:
1773:
1698:" (the king) followed by "
1568:Infanta Beatriz (Beatrice)
1350:taken by the Dutch in 1641
1256:India reclaimed it in 1961
1161:
430:) in the queen's chamber.
410:born from his second wife
204:Philip, Prince of Portugal
199:Manuel, Prince of Portugal
189:Afonso, Prince of Portugal
4570:also a prince of Braganza
4527:
4504:Luís Filipe, Prince Royal
4176:Cardinal-Infante Fernando
3736:
3685:
3483:
3365:
3356:
3343:
3336:
3326:
3317:
3309:
3304:
3269:
3113:Domingues, Mário (1962).
2554:Hooykaas, Reijer (1979).
2191:
2183:
2155:
2133:
2129:
2093:
2071:
2063:
2035:
2013:
2009:
1971:
1949:
1941:
1913:
1891:
1887:
1851:
1829:
1821:
1793:
1777:
1666:
1653:Infante António (Anthony)
1502:
853:Chrysostomi Lucubrationes
481:, the eldest daughter of
437:, Empress Consort of the
285:Portuguese pronunciation:
28:
4546:also an infante of Spain
4004:João, Prince of Portugal
3208:Sanceau, Elaine (1970).
3165:McMurdo, Edward (1889).
2783:Goodwin, Stefan (1955).
2286:The Legend of Suriyothai
1812:Ferdinand, Duke of Viseu
1644:. Their son became King
1447:Death and dynastic issue
1152:Conquest of Tunis (1535)
657:Suleiman the Magnificent
580:The large and far-flung
396:Triptych of the Infantes
4517:Afonso, Prince of Beira
4267:Pedro, Prince of Brazil
4066:Cardinal-Infante Afonso
3259:Encyclopædia Britannica
3027:Encyclopædia Britannica
3005:Encyclopædia Britannica
2905:Encyclopædia Britannica
1313:Diogo Lopes de Sequeira
698:International relations
333:Portuguese colonization
4635:Portuguese Inquisition
4447:Infante Francisco José
4319:José, Prince of Brazil
4231:João, Prince of Brazil
2266:The Elephant's Journey
2054:Ferdinand II of Aragon
1531:Princess Maria Manuela
1481:Monastery of Jerónimos
1400:, founded the city of
1381:
1183:
1046:Luso-African relations
1042:
983:
804:
626:Martim Afonso de Sousa
577:
537:to Holy Roman Emperor
403:
322:Ferdinand II of Aragon
281:
3271:John III of Portugal
3040:"Production Painting"
2959:The Story of Portugal
2272:John III features in
2174:Isabella I of Castile
1615:Infante Dinis (Denis)
1379:
1309:Treaty of Tordesillas
1171:
1115:in 1541, followed by
1036:
967:
859:and Spanish academic
795:
732:Sebastian of Portugal
692:Treaty of Tordesillas
575:University of Coimbra
572:
457:Renaissance humanists
393:
326:Isabella I of Castile
4650:Nobility from Lisbon
4355:Infante Pedro Carlos
3730:Infantes of Portugal
3413:Monarchs of Portugal
3281:Cadet branch of the
3240:História de Portugal
3158:História de Portugal
2206:Isabella of Portugal
1990:John III of Portugal
1932:Beatrice of Portugal
1870:Manuel I of Portugal
1786:Edward I of Portugal
1729:, & Commerce of
1506:Catherine of Austria
1408:: "o Colonizador").
1283:After the voyage of
1158:Luso-Asian relations
1148:Order of Saint James
872:Collège Sainte-Barbe
716:Isabella of Portugal
708:Catherine of Austria
551:Catherine of Austria
535:Isabella of Portugal
435:Isabella of Portugal
370:). He abandoned the
234:Manuel I of Portugal
150:Catherine of Austria
4620:Princes of Portugal
4615:Portuguese infantes
3179:History of Portugal
2620:, pp. 206–207.
1267:Fernão Mendes Pinto
1029:Imperial management
897:, principal of the
868:University of Paris
829:Fernão Mendes Pinto
750:Counter-Reformation
744:by introducing the
712:Philip I of Castile
614:Lopo Vaz de Sampaio
483:Philip the Handsome
461:University of Siena
137:Jerónimos Monastery
58:13 December 1521 –
4377:Pedro II of Brazil
3370:Title next held by
3359:Prince of Portugal
3348:Title last held by
3338:Portuguese royalty
2899:"Emanuel I."
2467:Marcel Bataillon,
2255:In popular culture
2148:John II of Castile
1964:Isabel of Barcelos
1702:" (abbreviated to
1630:Prince João Manuel
1543:Philip II of Spain
1382:
1372:Portuguese America
1321:Treaty of Zaragoza
1285:Ferdinand Magellan
1184:
1144:João de Sá Panasco
1098:indigenous peoples
1084:, adventurers and
1043:
984:
952:to take charge as
899:College of Guienne
843:and the physician
805:
728:Philip II of Spain
710:, the daughter of
688:Treaty of Zaragoza
578:
479:Eleanor of Austria
404:
400:Master of Lourinhã
127:, Lisbon, Portugal
4592:
4591:
4391:Infante Sebastião
4287:Infante Alexandre
3756:House of Braganza
3748:House of Habsburg
3696:
3695:
3586:House of Braganza
3557:House of Habsburg
3421:House of Burgundy
3380:
3379:
3327:Succeeded by
3284:House of Burgundy
3105:978-0-521-60397-3
2876:978-1-5013-2327-0
2354:(in Portuguese).
2251:
2250:
2247:
2246:
2028:John II of Aragon
1844:Eleanor of Aragon
1687:
1686:
1366:Portuguese Ceylon
1342:Strait of Malacca
1307:agreed to in the
825:Bernardim Ribeiro
817:Garcia de Resende
704:Iberian Peninsula
610:Pedro Mascarenhas
582:Portuguese Empire
543:Holy Roman Empire
516:Portuguese Cortes
487:Joanna of Castile
439:Holy Roman Empire
361:Portuguese empire
271:
270:
4662:
4586:claimant infante
4583:
4575:
4567:
4559:
4551:
4543:
4535:
4426:Infante Fernando
3947:Infante Fernando
3723:
3716:
3709:
3700:
3655:
3624:
3489:
3406:
3399:
3392:
3383:
3320:King of Portugal
3310:Preceded by
3300:
3293:
3267:
3263:
3255:
3243:
3234:
3225:
3204:
3193:
3172:
3161:
3152:
3141:
3135:
3127:
3118:
3109:
3088:
3087:. Lisbon: Hugin.
3070:
3069:
3065:civilization.com
3056:
3050:
3049:
3036:
3030:
3019:
3010:
3009:
3001:
2990:
2981:
2980:
2978:
2976:
2953:
2944:
2943:
2923:
2910:
2909:
2901:
2890:
2881:
2880:
2860:
2854:
2848:
2842:
2841:
2831:
2807:
2801:
2800:
2780:
2774:
2768:
2762:
2755:
2749:
2710:
2704:
2698:
2692:
2686:
2675:
2669:
2663:
2657:
2648:
2642:
2636:
2630:
2621:
2615:
2609:
2603:
2594:
2588:
2582:
2576:
2570:
2569:
2567:
2565:
2551:
2545:
2539:
2533:
2532:
2530:
2528:
2505:
2496:
2490:
2484:
2478:
2472:
2465:
2459:
2445:
2439:
2438:
2420:
2414:
2408:
2402:
2396:
2390:
2384:
2378:
2377:
2367:
2343:
2337:
2331:
2322:
2319:
1767:
1758:
1680:11 November 1543
1571:15 February 1530
1519:24 February 1526
1486:
1469:Prince Sebastian
1289:Crown of Castile
975:Terreiro do Paço
954:Apostolic Nuncio
895:André de Gouveia
876:Diogo de Gouveia
459:, rector of the
368:Muromachi period
306:King of Portugal
291:
289:[ʒuˈɐ̃w]
286:
267:
182:
165:
163:
121:
69:19 December 1521
61:
49:King of Portugal
33:
21:
4672:
4671:
4665:
4664:
4663:
4661:
4660:
4659:
4595:
4594:
4593:
4588:
4581:
4573:
4565:
4557:
4549:
4541:
4533:
4523:
4497:24th generation
4492:
4466:23rd generation
4461:
4401:22nd generation
4396:
4365:21st generation
4360:
4333:20th generation
4328:
4312:19th generation
4307:
4296:18th generation
4291:
4260:17th generation
4255:
4246:Infante António
4224:16th generation
4219:
4192:15th generation
4187:
4157:14th generation
4152:
4121:13th generation
4116:
4085:12th generation
4080:
4033:11th generation
4028:
3997:10th generation
3992:
3951:
3915:
3889:
3873:
3852:
3831:
3805:
3779:
3763:
3732:
3727:
3697:
3692:
3681:
3653:
3622:
3580:
3551:
3490:
3481:
3415:
3410:
3371:
3362:
3349:
3332:
3323:
3315:
3294:
3288:
3287:
3279:
3272:
3246:
3237:
3228:
3222:
3207:
3196:
3190:
3175:
3164:
3155:
3144:
3128:
3121:
3112:
3106:
3091:
3082:
3079:
3074:
3073:
3058:
3057:
3053:
3038:
3037:
3033:
3020:
3013:
2992:
2991:
2984:
2974:
2972:
2970:
2955:
2954:
2947:
2940:
2925:
2924:
2913:
2892:
2891:
2884:
2877:
2862:
2861:
2857:
2849:
2845:
2822:(30): 101–114.
2809:
2808:
2804:
2797:
2782:
2781:
2777:
2769:
2765:
2756:
2752:
2711:
2707:
2699:
2695:
2687:
2678:
2670:
2666:
2658:
2651:
2643:
2639:
2631:
2624:
2616:
2612:
2604:
2597:
2589:
2585:
2577:
2573:
2563:
2561:
2553:
2552:
2548:
2540:
2536:
2526:
2524:
2522:
2507:
2506:
2499:
2491:
2487:
2479:
2475:
2466:
2462:
2446:
2442:
2435:
2422:
2421:
2417:
2409:
2405:
2397:
2393:
2385:
2381:
2358:(38): 500–514.
2345:
2344:
2340:
2336:, p. 1043.
2332:
2325:
2320:
2316:
2311:
2299:
2257:
2252:
2112:Maria of Aragon
1755:
1721:, & of the
1692:
1668:By Isabel Moniz
1659:20 January 1540
1587:1 November 1531
1535:15 October 1527
1449:
1402:Salvador, Bahia
1374:
1334:maritime piracy
1166:
1160:
1048:
1031:
962:
915:Jerónimo Osório
907:George Buchanan
861:Juan Luis Vives
801:Cristóvão Lopes
790:
700:
622:Estêvão da Gama
567:
507:
449:Tomás de Torres
412:Maria of Aragon
388:
318:Maria of Aragon
284:
244:Maria of Aragon
213:
176:
175:
167:
164: 1525)
159:
155:
152:
139:
123:
119:
104:Alcáçova Palace
102:
59:
43:
37:Cristóvão Lopes
17:
12:
11:
5:
4670:
4669:
4666:
4658:
4657:
4652:
4647:
4642:
4637:
4632:
4627:
4622:
4617:
4612:
4607:
4597:
4596:
4590:
4589:
4528:
4525:
4524:
4522:
4521:
4513:
4507:
4500:
4498:
4494:
4493:
4491:
4490:
4482:
4476:
4469:
4467:
4463:
4462:
4460:
4459:
4451:
4443:
4435:
4429:
4423:
4417:
4411:
4404:
4402:
4398:
4397:
4395:
4394:
4388:
4380:
4374:
4368:
4366:
4362:
4361:
4359:
4358:
4352:
4347:
4342:
4336:
4334:
4330:
4329:
4327:
4326:
4321:
4315:
4313:
4309:
4308:
4306:
4305:
4299:
4297:
4293:
4292:
4290:
4289:
4284:
4279:
4277:Infante Carlos
4274:
4269:
4263:
4261:
4257:
4256:
4254:
4253:
4248:
4243:
4238:
4233:
4227:
4225:
4221:
4220:
4218:
4217:
4212:
4207:
4202:
4195:
4193:
4189:
4188:
4186:
4185:
4182:Infante Alonso
4179:
4173:
4170:Infante Carlos
4167:
4160:
4158:
4154:
4153:
4151:
4150:
4142:
4136:
4130:
4124:
4122:
4118:
4117:
4115:
4114:
4109:
4104:
4099:
4094:
4088:
4086:
4082:
4081:
4079:
4078:
4073:
4068:
4063:
4058:
4053:
4048:
4042:
4036:
4034:
4030:
4029:
4027:
4026:
4021:
4016:
4011:
4006:
4000:
3998:
3994:
3993:
3991:
3990:
3985:
3980:
3975:
3970:
3965:
3959:
3957:
3956:9th generation
3953:
3952:
3950:
3949:
3944:
3939:
3934:
3929:
3923:
3921:
3920:8th generation
3917:
3916:
3914:
3913:
3908:
3903:
3897:
3895:
3894:7th generation
3891:
3890:
3888:
3887:
3881:
3879:
3878:6th generation
3875:
3874:
3872:
3871:
3866:
3860:
3858:
3857:5th generation
3854:
3853:
3851:
3850:
3845:
3839:
3837:
3836:4th generation
3833:
3832:
3830:
3829:
3824:
3819:
3813:
3811:
3810:3rd generation
3807:
3806:
3804:
3803:
3798:
3793:
3787:
3785:
3784:2nd generation
3781:
3780:
3778:
3777:
3771:
3769:
3768:1st generation
3765:
3764:
3737:
3734:
3733:
3728:
3726:
3725:
3718:
3711:
3703:
3694:
3693:
3686:
3683:
3682:
3680:
3679:
3674:
3669:
3664:
3659:
3648:
3643:
3638:
3633:
3628:
3617:
3612:
3607:
3602:
3597:
3591:
3589:
3582:
3581:
3579:
3578:
3573:
3568:
3562:
3560:
3553:
3552:
3550:
3549:
3542:
3537:
3532:
3527:
3522:
3517:
3512:
3507:
3501:
3499:
3492:
3491:
3484:
3482:
3480:
3479:
3472:
3467:
3462:
3457:
3452:
3447:
3442:
3437:
3432:
3426:
3424:
3417:
3416:
3411:
3409:
3408:
3401:
3394:
3386:
3378:
3377:
3369:
3364:
3355:
3347:
3341:
3340:
3334:
3333:
3328:
3325:
3316:
3311:
3307:
3306:
3305:Regnal titles
3302:
3301:
3280:
3273:
3270:
3265:
3264:
3250:, ed. (1911).
3248:Chisholm, Hugh
3244:
3235:
3226:
3220:
3205:
3194:
3188:
3173:
3162:
3153:
3142:
3119:
3110:
3104:
3089:
3078:
3075:
3072:
3071:
3051:
3031:
3011:
2996:, ed. (1911).
2994:Chisholm, Hugh
2982:
2968:
2945:
2938:
2911:
2896:, ed. (1911).
2894:Chisholm, Hugh
2882:
2875:
2855:
2843:
2802:
2795:
2775:
2763:
2750:
2730:Canary Islands
2705:
2703:, p. 183.
2693:
2691:, p. 292.
2676:
2674:, p. 289.
2664:
2662:, p. 287.
2649:
2647:, p. 182.
2637:
2635:, p. 288.
2622:
2610:
2608:, p. 181.
2595:
2583:
2571:
2546:
2544:, p. 195.
2534:
2520:
2497:
2485:
2483:, p. 200.
2473:
2460:
2440:
2433:
2415:
2413:, p. 143.
2403:
2391:
2389:, p. 113.
2379:
2352:Varia Historia
2338:
2323:
2313:
2312:
2310:
2307:
2306:
2305:
2298:
2295:
2276:'s 2021 novel
2263:'s 2008 novel
2256:
2253:
2249:
2248:
2245:
2244:
2242:
2240:
2238:
2236:
2234:
2232:
2230:
2228:
2226:
2224:
2222:
2220:
2218:
2215:
2214:
2212:
2209:
2208:
2202:
2199:
2198:
2195:
2194:
2192:
2190:
2188:
2185:
2184:
2182:
2179:
2178:
2176:
2170:
2167:
2166:
2163:
2162:
2160:
2157:
2156:
2154:
2151:
2150:
2144:
2141:
2140:
2137:
2136:
2134:
2132:
2130:
2128:
2126:
2123:
2122:
2120:
2117:
2116:
2114:
2108:
2105:
2104:
2101:
2100:
2098:
2095:
2094:
2092:
2089:
2088:
2086:Juana Enríquez
2082:
2079:
2078:
2075:
2074:
2072:
2070:
2068:
2065:
2064:
2062:
2059:
2058:
2056:
2050:
2047:
2046:
2043:
2042:
2040:
2037:
2036:
2034:
2031:
2030:
2024:
2021:
2020:
2017:
2016:
2014:
2012:
2010:
2008:
2006:
2004:
2002:
1999:
1998:
1995:
1994:
1992:
1986:
1983:
1982:
1979:
1978:
1976:
1973:
1972:
1970:
1967:
1966:
1960:
1957:
1956:
1953:
1952:
1950:
1948:
1946:
1943:
1942:
1940:
1937:
1936:
1934:
1928:
1925:
1924:
1921:
1920:
1918:
1915:
1914:
1912:
1909:
1908:
1902:
1899:
1898:
1895:
1894:
1892:
1890:
1888:
1886:
1884:
1881:
1880:
1878:
1875:
1874:
1872:
1866:
1863:
1862:
1859:
1858:
1856:
1853:
1852:
1850:
1847:
1846:
1840:
1837:
1836:
1833:
1832:
1830:
1828:
1826:
1823:
1822:
1820:
1817:
1816:
1814:
1808:
1805:
1804:
1801:
1800:
1798:
1795:
1794:
1792:
1789:
1788:
1782:
1780:
1778:
1776:
1774:
1772:
1770:
1763:
1762:
1756:
1754:
1751:
1691:
1688:
1685:
1684:
1681:
1678:
1675:
1671:
1670:
1664:
1663:
1660:
1657:
1654:
1650:
1649:
1638:
1637:2 January 1554
1635:
1632:
1626:
1625:
1622:
1621:1 January 1537
1619:
1616:
1612:
1611:
1608:
1605:
1602:
1595:
1594:
1591:
1588:
1585:
1579:
1578:
1575:
1572:
1569:
1565:
1564:
1561:
1558:
1555:
1554:Infanta Isabel
1551:
1550:
1539:
1536:
1533:
1527:
1526:
1523:
1520:
1517:
1511:
1510:
1500:
1499:
1496:
1493:
1490:
1459:, daughter of
1455:, who married
1448:
1445:
1373:
1370:
1293:Maluku Islands
1192:Maluku Islands
1174:Francis Xavier
1162:Main article:
1159:
1156:
1121:Alcácer Ceguer
1047:
1044:
1030:
1027:
1000:Cardinal Henry
992:New Christians
979:Ribeira Palace
961:
958:
950:Francis Xavier
911:Diogo de Teive
893:) and invited
851:dedicated his
845:Garcia de Orta
837:Luís de Camões
833:João de Barros
809:humanist cause
789:
786:
699:
696:
680:Maluku Islands
669:Alcácer Ceguer
653:Ottoman Empire
634:Ottoman Empire
630:João de Castro
590:trade deficits
566:
563:
506:
503:
414:, was born in
387:
384:
357:Maluku Islands
269:
268:
261:
257:
256:
251:
247:
246:
241:
237:
236:
231:
227:
226:
221:
215:
214:
212:
211:
206:
201:
196:
191:
185:
183:
169:
168:
157:
153:
148:
147:
145:
141:
140:
135:
133:
129:
128:
125:Ribeira Palace
122:(aged 55)
116:
112:
111:
99:
95:
94:
91:
90:
85:
81:
80:
75:
71:
70:
67:
63:
62:
56:
52:
51:
45:
44:
34:
26:
25:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4668:
4667:
4656:
4653:
4651:
4648:
4646:
4643:
4641:
4638:
4636:
4633:
4631:
4628:
4626:
4625:House of Aviz
4623:
4621:
4618:
4616:
4613:
4611:
4608:
4606:
4603:
4602:
4600:
4587:
4579:
4571:
4563:
4555:
4547:
4539:
4531:
4526:
4519:
4518:
4514:
4511:
4508:
4505:
4502:
4501:
4499:
4495:
4488:
4487:
4483:
4480:
4477:
4474:
4471:
4470:
4468:
4464:
4457:
4456:
4452:
4449:
4448:
4444:
4441:
4440:
4436:
4433:
4430:
4427:
4424:
4421:
4418:
4415:
4412:
4409:
4406:
4405:
4403:
4399:
4392:
4389:
4386:
4385:
4381:
4378:
4375:
4373:
4370:
4369:
4367:
4363:
4356:
4353:
4351:
4348:
4346:
4343:
4341:
4338:
4337:
4335:
4331:
4325:
4322:
4320:
4317:
4316:
4314:
4310:
4304:
4301:
4300:
4298:
4294:
4288:
4285:
4283:
4280:
4278:
4275:
4273:
4270:
4268:
4265:
4264:
4262:
4258:
4252:
4249:
4247:
4244:
4242:
4239:
4237:
4234:
4232:
4229:
4228:
4226:
4222:
4216:
4213:
4211:
4208:
4206:
4203:
4200:
4197:
4196:
4194:
4190:
4183:
4180:
4177:
4174:
4171:
4168:
4165:
4162:
4161:
4159:
4155:
4148:
4147:
4143:
4140:
4137:
4134:
4131:
4129:
4126:
4125:
4123:
4119:
4113:
4110:
4108:
4105:
4103:
4100:
4098:
4095:
4093:
4090:
4089:
4087:
4083:
4077:
4074:
4072:
4069:
4067:
4064:
4062:
4059:
4057:
4054:
4052:
4049:
4046:
4043:
4041:
4038:
4037:
4035:
4031:
4025:
4022:
4020:
4017:
4015:
4012:
4010:
4007:
4005:
4002:
4001:
3999:
3995:
3989:
3986:
3984:
3981:
3979:
3976:
3974:
3971:
3969:
3966:
3964:
3961:
3960:
3958:
3954:
3948:
3945:
3943:
3940:
3938:
3935:
3933:
3930:
3928:
3925:
3924:
3922:
3918:
3912:
3909:
3907:
3904:
3902:
3899:
3898:
3896:
3892:
3886:
3883:
3882:
3880:
3876:
3870:
3867:
3865:
3862:
3861:
3859:
3855:
3849:
3846:
3844:
3841:
3840:
3838:
3834:
3828:
3825:
3823:
3820:
3818:
3815:
3814:
3812:
3808:
3802:
3799:
3797:
3794:
3792:
3789:
3788:
3786:
3782:
3776:
3773:
3772:
3770:
3766:
3761:
3757:
3753:
3749:
3745:
3744:House of Aviz
3741:
3735:
3731:
3724:
3719:
3717:
3712:
3710:
3705:
3704:
3701:
3690:
3684:
3678:
3675:
3673:
3670:
3668:
3665:
3663:
3660:
3658:
3652:
3649:
3647:
3644:
3642:
3639:
3637:
3634:
3632:
3629:
3627:
3621:
3618:
3616:
3613:
3611:
3608:
3606:
3603:
3601:
3598:
3596:
3593:
3592:
3590:
3587:
3583:
3577:
3574:
3572:
3569:
3567:
3564:
3563:
3561:
3558:
3554:
3548:
3547:
3543:
3541:
3538:
3536:
3533:
3531:
3528:
3526:
3523:
3521:
3518:
3516:
3513:
3511:
3508:
3506:
3503:
3502:
3500:
3497:
3496:House of Aviz
3493:
3488:
3478:
3477:
3473:
3471:
3468:
3466:
3463:
3461:
3458:
3456:
3453:
3451:
3448:
3446:
3443:
3441:
3438:
3436:
3433:
3431:
3428:
3427:
3425:
3422:
3418:
3414:
3407:
3402:
3400:
3395:
3393:
3388:
3387:
3384:
3376:
3375:
3368:
3361:
3360:
3354:
3353:
3352:Miguel da Paz
3346:
3342:
3339:
3335:
3331:
3322:
3321:
3314:
3308:
3303:
3298:
3291:
3286:
3285:
3278:
3277:
3276:House of Aviz
3268:
3261:
3260:
3254:
3249:
3245:
3241:
3236:
3232:
3227:
3223:
3221:0-2080096-8-X
3217:
3213:
3212:
3206:
3202:
3201:
3195:
3191:
3189:0-231-08353-X
3185:
3181:
3180:
3174:
3170:
3169:
3163:
3159:
3154:
3150:
3149:
3143:
3139:
3133:
3125:
3120:
3116:
3111:
3107:
3101:
3097:
3096:
3090:
3086:
3081:
3080:
3076:
3067:
3066:
3061:
3055:
3052:
3047:
3046:
3041:
3035:
3032:
3029:
3028:
3023:
3018:
3016:
3012:
3007:
3006:
3000:
2995:
2989:
2987:
2983:
2971:
2969:9780722224731
2965:
2961:
2960:
2952:
2950:
2946:
2941:
2939:9780812293203
2935:
2931:
2930:
2922:
2920:
2918:
2916:
2912:
2907:
2906:
2900:
2895:
2889:
2887:
2883:
2878:
2872:
2868:
2867:
2859:
2856:
2852:
2847:
2844:
2839:
2835:
2830:
2825:
2821:
2817:
2813:
2806:
2803:
2798:
2796:9780739129944
2792:
2788:
2787:
2779:
2776:
2772:
2767:
2764:
2760:
2754:
2751:
2747:
2743:
2739:
2738:brass armlets
2735:
2731:
2727:
2723:
2719:
2715:
2709:
2706:
2702:
2697:
2694:
2690:
2685:
2683:
2681:
2677:
2673:
2668:
2665:
2661:
2656:
2654:
2650:
2646:
2641:
2638:
2634:
2629:
2627:
2623:
2619:
2614:
2611:
2607:
2602:
2600:
2596:
2593:, p. 32.
2592:
2587:
2584:
2581:, p. 31.
2580:
2575:
2572:
2559:
2558:
2550:
2547:
2543:
2538:
2535:
2523:
2521:0-226-46733-3
2517:
2513:
2512:
2504:
2502:
2498:
2495:, p. 30.
2494:
2489:
2486:
2482:
2477:
2474:
2470:
2464:
2461:
2458:
2457:0-8232-1024-3
2454:
2450:
2444:
2441:
2436:
2434:0-521-34536-7
2430:
2426:
2419:
2416:
2412:
2407:
2404:
2401:, p. 50.
2400:
2395:
2392:
2388:
2383:
2380:
2375:
2371:
2366:
2361:
2357:
2353:
2349:
2342:
2339:
2335:
2330:
2328:
2324:
2318:
2315:
2308:
2304:
2301:
2300:
2296:
2294:
2290:
2288:
2287:
2281:
2279:
2278:Civilizations
2275:
2274:Laurent Binet
2270:
2268:
2267:
2262:
2261:José Saramago
2254:
2243:
2241:
2239:
2237:
2235:
2233:
2231:
2229:
2227:
2225:
2223:
2221:
2219:
2217:
2216:
2213:
2211:
2210:
2207:
2201:
2200:
2197:
2196:
2187:
2186:
2181:
2180:
2175:
2169:
2168:
2165:
2164:
2159:
2158:
2153:
2152:
2149:
2143:
2142:
2139:
2138:
2125:
2124:
2119:
2118:
2113:
2107:
2106:
2103:
2102:
2097:
2096:
2091:
2090:
2087:
2081:
2080:
2077:
2076:
2067:
2066:
2061:
2060:
2055:
2049:
2048:
2045:
2044:
2039:
2038:
2033:
2032:
2029:
2023:
2022:
2019:
2018:
2001:
2000:
1997:
1996:
1991:
1985:
1984:
1981:
1980:
1975:
1974:
1969:
1968:
1965:
1959:
1958:
1955:
1954:
1945:
1944:
1939:
1938:
1933:
1927:
1926:
1923:
1922:
1917:
1916:
1911:
1910:
1907:
1901:
1900:
1897:
1896:
1883:
1882:
1877:
1876:
1871:
1865:
1864:
1861:
1860:
1855:
1854:
1849:
1848:
1845:
1839:
1838:
1835:
1834:
1825:
1824:
1819:
1818:
1813:
1807:
1806:
1803:
1802:
1797:
1796:
1791:
1790:
1787:
1781:
1769:
1768:
1765:
1764:
1760:
1759:
1752:
1750:
1748:
1744:
1740:
1736:
1732:
1728:
1724:
1720:
1716:
1711:
1709:
1705:
1701:
1697:
1689:
1683:Natural son.
1682:
1679:
1676:
1673:
1672:
1669:
1665:
1661:
1658:
1655:
1652:
1651:
1647:
1643:
1642:Joan of Spain
1639:
1636:
1633:
1631:
1628:
1627:
1623:
1620:
1618:26 April 1535
1617:
1614:
1613:
1609:
1607:29 April 1539
1606:
1604:25 March 1533
1603:
1600:
1599:Prince Filipe
1597:
1596:
1592:
1590:14 April 1537
1589:
1586:
1584:
1583:Prince Manuel
1581:
1580:
1576:
1574:16 March 1530
1573:
1570:
1567:
1566:
1562:
1559:
1557:28 April 1529
1556:
1553:
1552:
1548:
1547:Prince Carlos
1544:
1540:
1537:
1534:
1532:
1529:
1528:
1524:
1522:12 April 1526
1521:
1518:
1516:
1515:Prince Afonso
1513:
1512:
1508:
1507:
1501:
1497:
1494:
1491:
1488:
1487:
1484:
1482:
1478:
1474:
1470:
1466:
1462:
1458:
1454:
1446:
1444:
1442:
1438:
1432:
1430:
1426:
1422:
1418:
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1301:cosmographers
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1180:Avelar Rebelo
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947:
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938:Pope Paul III
935:
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821:Sá de Miranda
818:
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763:
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751:
747:
743:
738:
735:
733:
729:
726:married King
725:
724:Maria Manuela
721:
717:
714:. His sister
713:
709:
705:
697:
695:
693:
689:
685:
681:
676:
674:
670:
666:
662:
658:
654:
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627:
623:
619:
618:Nuno da Cunha
615:
611:
607:
606:Vasco da Gama
602:
599:
595:
592:. Portugal's
591:
587:
586:external debt
583:
576:
571:
564:
562:
560:
556:
552:
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544:
540:
536:
531:
529:
525:
521:
517:
513:
505:Initial reign
504:
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484:
480:
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469:
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458:
454:
450:
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429:
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421:
417:
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409:
401:
397:
392:
385:
383:
381:
377:
376:Baltic region
373:
369:
364:
362:
358:
354:
350:
346:
342:
338:
334:
329:
327:
323:
319:
315:
314:King Manuel I
311:
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283:
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3657:Ferdinand II
3545:
3529:
3475:
3372:
3366:
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3318:
3299:11 June 1557
3296:
3289:
3282:
3274:
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3239:
3230:
3210:
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3178:
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3157:
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3123:
3114:
3094:
3084:
3063:
3054:
3043:
3034:
3025:
3003:
2975:17 September
2973:. Retrieved
2958:
2928:
2903:
2865:
2858:
2846:
2819:
2815:
2805:
2785:
2778:
2771:Mattoso 1993
2766:
2753:
2708:
2696:
2689:Marques 1976
2672:Marques 1976
2667:
2660:Marques 1976
2640:
2633:Marques 1976
2618:Marques 1976
2613:
2586:
2574:
2562:. Retrieved
2556:
2549:
2542:Marques 1976
2537:
2525:. Retrieved
2510:
2488:
2481:Marques 1976
2476:
2463:
2443:
2424:
2418:
2411:Sanceau 1970
2406:
2399:Sanceau 1970
2394:
2387:McMurdo 1889
2382:
2355:
2351:
2341:
2317:
2291:
2284:
2282:
2277:
2271:
2264:
2258:
1989:
1746:
1712:
1699:
1695:
1693:
1667:
1656:9 March 1539
1538:12 July 1545
1503:
1450:
1433:
1417:colonization
1410:
1383:
1354:
1331:
1324:
1282:
1271:
1260:
1240:
1219:
1209:
1190:(1511), the
1185:
1172:
1164:Nanban trade
1140:court jester
1137:
1106:
1094:Christianize
1086:missionaries
1051:
1049:
1023:
1004:
985:
977:in front of
968:
930:missionaries
927:
891:Liberal arts
888:
865:
852:
806:
796:
774:
742:Papal States
739:
736:
701:
677:
646:
603:
579:
532:
526:and 1544 in
520:Torres Novas
508:
498:
490:
476:
471:
465:
443:
432:
427:
423:
405:
395:
365:
330:
301:
293:
273:
272:
177:
120:(1557-06-11)
118:11 June 1557
60:11 June 1557
41:Anthonis Mor
18:
4610:1557 deaths
4605:1502 births
4128:Sebastião I
3588:(1640–1910)
3559:(1581–1640)
3535:Sebastian I
3498:(1385–1580)
3470:Ferdinand I
3423:(1139–1383)
3292:6 June 1502
3085:D. João III
2701:Disney 2009
2645:Disney 2009
2606:Disney 2009
1646:Sebastian I
1634:3 June 1537
1560:22 May 1530
1483:in Lisbon.
1198:(1517) and
1138:John III's
988:Inquisition
960:Inquisition
944:under the "
942:East Indies
923:Pedro Nunes
857:Jean Fernel
841:Pedro Nunes
813:Gil Vicente
746:Inquisition
598:Far Eastern
420:Gil Vicente
345:spice trade
304:), was the
101:6 June 1502
74:Predecessor
66:Acclamation
4599:Categories
4164:Filipe III
3901:Fernando I
3822:Afonso III
3754:, and the
3576:Philip III
3476:Beatrice I
3450:Afonso III
3363:1502–1521
3324:1521–1557
3077:References
3048:(in Thai).
3045:Pantip.com
2564:6 December
2527:6 December
1727:Navigation
1413:brazilwood
1406:Portuguese
1317:Lopo Homem
1263:Marco Polo
1236:Cranganore
1078:navigators
1074:Mozambique
1011:witchcraft
1007:divination
981:in Lisbon.
971:auto-da-fé
919:Élie Vinet
874:headed by
766:Archbishop
760:were made
642:privateers
522:, 1535 in
512:absolutist
495:Portuguese
468:chronicler
446:astrologer
386:Early life
324:and Queen
298:Portuguese
278:Portuguese
110:, Portugal
4510:Manuel II
4282:Pedro III
4210:Afonso VI
4139:Filipe II
3864:Afonso IV
3817:Sancho II
3791:Afonso II
3677:Manuel II
3626:Peter III
3600:Afonso VI
3571:Philip II
3546:Anthony I
3460:Afonso IV
3445:Sancho II
3440:Afonso II
3330:Sebastian
3132:cite book
3126:. Lisbon.
2838:1413-7704
2759:Manikongo
2734:Nuremberg
2728:from the
2591:Lach 1994
2579:Lach 1994
2493:Lach 1994
2374:0104-8775
1477:Sebastian
1461:Charles V
1437:Sebastian
1421:sugarcane
1362:Sri Lanka
1251:sovereign
1228:Cannanore
1220:feitorias
1082:merchants
1053:feitorias
934:New World
886:in 1537.
762:Cardinals
720:Charles V
559:Sebastian
539:Charles V
499:o Piedoso
491:the Pious
380:Rhineland
355:from the
302:o Piedoso
294:The Pious
260:Signature
88:Sebastian
84:Successor
4473:Carlos I
4350:Miguel I
4215:Pedro II
4051:João III
4024:Manuel I
3963:Afonso V
3927:Duarte I
3775:Sancho I
3758:through
3750:through
3740:Afonso I
3672:Carlos I
3651:Maria II
3646:Miguel I
3641:Maria II
3636:Peter IV
3615:Joseph I
3605:Peter II
3566:Philip I
3530:John III
3525:Manuel I
3515:Afonso V
3510:Edward I
3435:Sancho I
3430:Afonso I
3313:Manuel I
2297:See also
1753:Ancestry
1741:, &
1731:Ethiopia
1723:Conquest
1715:Algarves
1708:nobleman
1601:(Philip)
1473:apoplexy
1465:diabetes
1390:donatary
1305:meridian
1274:Nagasaki
1247:zamorins
1129:Tangiers
1090:dominion
946:Padroado
903:Bordeaux
777:Flanders
718:married
649:Far East
638:Atlantic
528:Almeirim
408:Manuel I
378:and the
310:Algarves
308:and the
282:João III
274:John III
254:Catholic
250:Religion
78:Manuel I
24:John III
4408:Pedro V
4324:João VI
4009:João II
3885:Pedro I
3843:Dinis I
3689:italics
3662:Peter V
3631:John VI
3620:Maria I
3595:John IV
3540:Henry I
3520:John II
3465:Peter I
3455:Denis I
3024:at the
1662:
1624:
1577:
1563:
1357:monsoon
1338:Malacca
1326:ducados
1278:captain
1243:sultans
1216:viceroy
1182:, 1635.
1133:Mazagan
1066:Mombasa
1037:Map of
996:Judaism
932:in the
884:Coimbra
849:Erasmus
788:Culture
547:Austria
466:John's
179:more...
166:
158:
154:
4414:Luís I
4272:José I
4236:João V
3746:, the
3667:Luís I
3610:John V
3505:John I
3374:Afonso
3367:Vacant
3345:Vacant
3295:
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2742:slaves
2736:, and
2726:shells
2718:blades
2714:fabric
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1739:Persia
1735:Arabia
1719:Guinea
1696:El-rei
1498:Notes
1441:Guinea
1425:Recife
1287:, the
1232:Coulão
1224:Cochin
1212:fleets
1196:Canton
1117:Arzila
1113:Azamor
1102:slaves
1070:Sofala
1058:Arguim
1019:sodomy
1015:bigamy
880:Lisbon
803:, 1552
758:Afonso
673:Arzila
665:Azamor
655:under
594:Indian
565:Policy
416:Lisbon
402:, 1516
372:Muslim
353:nutmeg
349:cloves
337:Brazil
240:Mother
230:Father
144:Spouse
132:Burial
108:Lisbon
3297:Died:
3290:Born:
2816:Tempo
2746:ivory
2309:Notes
1743:India
1690:Style
1495:Death
1492:Birth
1429:Bahia
1204:Macau
1200:Timor
1125:Ceuta
1109:Safim
1056:such
781:Macau
770:Braga
754:Henry
661:Safim
555:Crato
524:Évora
219:House
173:Issue
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4303:None
3654:with
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3216:ISBN
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3138:link
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2977:2018
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2871:ISBN
2834:ISSN
2791:ISBN
2566:2010
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2204:15.
2146:14.
2084:13.
2026:12.
1962:11.
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1677:1529
1489:Name
1427:and
1245:and
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1142:was
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1111:and
1096:the
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1013:and
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