172:
148:
160:
580:
88:. In order from west to east, these were to be the Ouvrage du Bois de Piepe, Ouvrage de Villers-la-Chévre, Ouvrage de Soxey, Ouvrage de la Rédoute, Ouvrage de Longwy, Ouvrage de Ratentout and the Ouvrage de Verbusch. This line was proposed on 24 June 1930, but was replaced by the more southerly line on 2 August 1930. The main line of fortifications would have been within one or two kilometres of the frontier, much farther forward than any other place on the Line, and in contradiction to the Maginot Line's concept of
560:) advanced into Luxembourg in an attempt to spoil the attack before it was ordered back to French territory. The division, composed of one motorized regiment and two of horse, attempted to disrupt the German advance into the Longwy salient, but did not attack in sufficient concentration to accomplish much. Condé was content to reorganize behind the Maginot Line. His passivity has been criticized; the abandonment of Longwy presented a missed opportunity for a counterattack by French forces.
537:
211:. The 42nd CAF was commanded by General Sivot, then General Renondeau from 27 May 1940. As the SF Crusnes, it was commanded by Colonel Miserey from 15 September 1939. The command post was at Briey. The interval troops, the army formations that were to provide the mobile defense for the sector, to support and be supported by the fixed defenses, were under the command of the 24th Corps (
572:. Measure C was the withdrawal of all but skeleton forces from the fortifications. The forces left behind were to withdraw themselves by the 18th after sabotaging all equipment and weapons. As the withdrawal was developing, the Germans planned to pierce the Line between Mauvais-Bois and Bois-du-Four on the 14th, but called off the operation. At the same time, the garrisons of the
17:
188:
633:
to radio communications. Following the armistice, brief negotiations settled on a formal surrender for the
Crusnes garrisons on 27 June. On the morning of the 27th, the French forces marched out of their positions and returned to their peacetime barracks at Doncourt, Morfontaine and Errouville. All
606:
of the German 183rd
Infantry Division fired at Fermont's Block 4, breaching it after 160 rounds, but stopping, unaware that they had nearly succeeded in knocking out the position. The damage was repaired overnight. The German 161st Infantry Division took over the next day. Under the impression that
120:
valley to the east. The Metz region was more important during the planning and construction phase of the
Maginot Line than it was in the operational phase of the Line, when the sectors assumed prominence. The Fortified Region of Metz was dissolved as a military organization on 18 March 1940. The SF
555:
Troops of the German 17th
Infantry Division attacked the Longwy position beginning 11 May 1940. The Germans quickly surrounded the city, with German forces in view of the main Maginot Line. The situation declined over the next two days, the reserve divisions performing poorly, and on the 13th
563:
By June, faced with the progressive collapse of the French First Army to the west, the interval troops began to pull back to avoid being encircled behind the
Maginot Line. Measure A, issued by 3rd Army headquarters, called for the withdrawal of the interval troops on 15 June, protected by the
703:
Fermont, Bois-du-Four and
Casemate C2 of Bréhain are operated as museums and are open to the public. The remainder are either privately owned or are military property, abandoned and sealed. The Casemate de Morfortaine may be visited by arrangement with the owner, who seeks to restore it.
624:
ordered all attacks against
Maginot fortifications to stop, as a waste of resources. Action between the 21st and the date of the June 25 armistice was limited to sporadic shelling and, on the French side, to firing off ammunition at the Germans before it could be captured.
104:
included the
Ouvrage de Bouillon and the Ouvrage de la Cote 143 (Hill 143), casualties of realignment. The Ouvrage de Rafour was planned to anchor the west end of the line behind Longuyon, but was canceled and replaced by a series of blockhouses as a cost-saving measure.
136:
548:, using a combination of hastily built blockhouses and field units. A series of anti-tank obstacles were built between Longwy and the border, defended by elements of the 58th and 51st Infantry Divisions. Artillery cover was provided by the 75mm gun turret of
135:
219:), which controlled both fixed and mobile artillery, commanded by Lt. Colonel Jacob. The 20th ID was made up of Class A reservists, while the 51st and 58th IDs were Class B reserve formations, not considered suitable for significant combat.
628:
Other German formations carried out harassing attacks on Aumetz and Bréhain, as well as on individual casemates. Moving behind the French lines, the
Germans were able to cut telephone lines at easily identifiable junctions, leaving the
171:
1256:
615:
and supporting fire from
Latiremont. Casualties were 46 German dead and 251 wounded, with two French dead, one each at Fermont and Ferme-Chappy. The Germans were allowed to retrieve their dead and wounded under a
723:
as the preferred term for the Maginot positions, in preference to "fort", a term usually reserved for older fortifications with passive defenses in the form of walls and ditches. The literal translation of
215:), General Fougère, commander. The 24th Corps was in turn made up of the 20th, 51st and 58th Infantry Divisions. Artillery support for the sector was provided by the 152nd Position Artillery Regiment (
147:
637:
In 1941 Fermont, along with positions in other sectors, was used to produce a propaganda film about the fall of the Maginot Line to the Germans. Bombardments were staged to make it look like the
159:
1249:
602:. Although the interval troops had escaped, by the 17th the Crusnes sector had been enveloped by the Germans from the east and west. Retreat was impossible. Through the day on 17 June, two
1242:
227:
The sector includes, in order from west to east, the following major fortified positions, together with the most significant casemates and infantry shelters in each sub-sector:
1968:
611:
was low, the division's commander, Lieutenant General Hermann Wilck ordered an attack on Ferme-Chappy and Fermont for 21 June. The assaults failed under fire from the two
40:. The sector roughly follows the valley of the Crusnes river. Crucially, the trace of the Maginot Line in the Crusnes sector is about 7 kilometres (4.3 mi)
1465:
64:. Despite the withdrawal of the mobile forces that supported the fixed fortifications, the sector successfully fended off German assaults before the
1958:
655:
Following World War II, the French military reclaimed the Maginot Line with the aim of renovating and improving it against a possible attack by
688:
594:, was now the westernmost extant outpost of the Maginot Line. While it was not in itself strong, it was well within the ranges of the guns of
68:. The positions and their garrisons finally surrendered on 27 June 1940. Following the war many positions were reactivated for use during the
1162:
1114:
1083:
1203:
552:, which could cover all of the area except Longwy itself. Two 75mm gun casemates were built between Mexy and Haucourt to cover this gap.
1410:
1353:
687:, were repaired and kept as government property, but were not formally designated as places of defense. After the establishment of the
1373:
634:
positions were left intact for the Germans, with the exception of Aumetz, sabotaged at the order of its commander, Lieutenant Braun.
1973:
1937:
1432:
1179:
1145:
1128:
1100:
1069:
1400:
92:. Construction began in most places in 1930, and was largely complete by 1935. Several locations had additional phases planned.
65:
1770:
1533:
1458:
1328:
1308:
573:
1864:
1614:
1482:
1415:
1343:
1318:
1293:
1808:
1333:
1892:
1826:
1500:
1378:
1368:
1363:
1348:
1338:
1298:
1283:
568:. Measure B was the withdrawal of artillery forces from the intervals late that day and into the 16th, protected by the
1303:
1872:
208:
60:. The Crusnes sector was one of the strongest Maginot Line sectors. It was attacked in 1940 by German forces in the
1682:
1451:
1358:
1323:
753:
in the main Maginot Line often closely resembles a casemate, but is more lightly armed and can hold more occupants.
579:
1745:
1405:
1288:
1755:
1700:
109:
1882:
621:
603:
691:, the importance of the Line declined, and maintenance ceased in the 1970s, with most of the casemates and
80:
The sector was originally planned to protect Longwy, with a pronounced bow to the north comprising seven
1963:
1905:
1740:
1622:
72:. Three locations are now preserved and open to the public, with a fourth position under restoration.
1816:
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680:
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587:
356:
344:
244:
200:
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207:, under the command of General Charles Condé, which was in turn part of Army Group 2 under General
196:
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268:
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668:
439:
85:
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1096:
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1839:
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1652:
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1627:
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1523:
1200:
89:
61:
667:("breakwater") in 1951 and were placed back into service after a period of rehabilitation.
1877:
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1579:
1207:
595:
549:
544:
In February 1940 General Condé decided to protect the exposed city of Longwy, forming the
256:
1216:
556:
General Condé ordered the evacuation of the PAL. The French 3rd Light Cavalry Division (
536:
1715:
1695:
1672:
1604:
684:
451:
1952:
1750:
620:. An assault against Latiremont was canceled when the army group commander, General
617:
979:
1474:
1274:
1191:
117:
33:
16:
32:) was the French military organization that in 1940 controlled the section of the
576:
evacuated ahead of schedule, leaving the Crusnes sector's western flank exposed.
1921:
1490:
1391:
656:
465:
Casemate de l'Ouest de Bréhain, C2, planned to be linked to Bréhain as Block 10
57:
1001:
96:
Aumetz, Bois-du-Four and Mauvais-Bois were all planned to be expanded into
187:
125:) Crusnes was itself dissolved in 1940, becoming the 42nd Fortress Corps (
732:
is a large fortification with a significant artillery component, while a
113:
69:
37:
1443:
749:
is an infantry shelter, sometimes underground or under earth cover. An
53:
100:
after completion of the initial plan. Other planned but unconstructed
1093:
Fortress France: The Maginot Line and French Defenses in World War II
49:
45:
982:. Association des Amis de l'Ouvage de Fermont et de la Ligne Maginot
319:
Peacetime barracks and support, in addition to a caserne at Longwy:
1105:
Kaufmann, J.E., Kaufmann, H.W., Jancovič-Potočnik, A. and Lang, P.
578:
535:
186:
36:
extending eastwards approximately 28 kilometres (17 mi) from
15:
204:
1447:
1238:
1004:(in French). Association de Préservation du Patrimoine. 2008
239:), Lt. Colonel Beaupuis, command post at Calvaire d'Arrancy
671:
received much the same treatment, but was attached to the
364:
A5 with a single combat block and no underground passages
728:
in the sense of a fortification in English is "work." A
195:
The Crusnes sector was under the overall command of the
339:), Colonel Ritter, command post at Ville-au-Montois
1930:
1914:
1891:
1863:
1825:
1807:
1769:
1681:
1613:
1565:
1532:
1499:
1481:
1424:
1387:
1270:
1153:Mary, Jean-Yves; Hohnadel, Alain; Sicard, Jacques.
1136:Mary, Jean-Yves; Hohnadel, Alain; Sicard, Jacques.
1119:Mary, Jean-Yves; Hohnadel, Alain; Sicard, Jacques.
1172:Maginot Line 1940: Battles on the French Frontier.
391:Observatiore de Villiers-la-Montagne Centre, C16
1155:Hommes et Ouvrages de la Ligne Maginot, Tome 5.
1138:Hommes et Ouvrages de la Ligne Maginot, Tome 3.
1121:Hommes et Ouvrages de la Ligne Maginot, Tome 1.
434:), Colonel Roulin, command post at Serrouville
447:A6 of eight combat blocks and two entry blocks
432:128e Régiment d'Infanterie de Forteresse (RIF)
403:Observatoire de la Ferme du Bois-du-Four, O 10
337:139e Régiment d'Infanterie de Forteresse (RIF)
264:A2 of seven combat blocks and two entry blocks
237:149e Régiment d'Infanterie de Forteresse (RIF)
1459:
1265:Fortifications of the French frontier in 1940
1250:
719:English-language sources use the French term
659:forces. The strongest positions, Fermont and
8:
1076:La Ligne Maginot: Guide des Forts à Visiter,
276:A3 of six combat blocks and two entry blocks
388:Casemate de Villiers-la-Montagne Ouest, C15
1969:French border defenses before World War II
1466:
1452:
1444:
1257:
1243:
1235:
821:
819:
817:
815:
813:
811:
809:
807:
770:
768:
489:Casemate de la Route d'Ottange Centre, C30
108:The Crusnes sector was part of the larger
1157:Paris, Histoire & Collections, 2009.
1140:Paris, Histoire & Collections, 2003.
1123:Paris, Histoire & Collections, 2001.
492:Casemate de la Route d'Ottange Ouest, C31
486:Casemate de la Route d'Ottange Ouest, C29
394:Casemate de Villiers-la-Montagne Est, C17
675:farther east. Lesser positions, such as
306:Casemate de l'Ermitage Saint-Quentin, C7
294:Casemate du Haut-de-l'Anguille Ouest, C3
291:Observatiore de l'Haut-de-l'Anguille, O4
764:
712:
217:Régiment d'Artillerie de Position (RAP)
131:
112:, a strongly defended area between the
477:Casemate de Nouveau-Crusnes Ouest, C26
297:Casemate du Haut-de-l'Anguille Est, C4
558:3e Division Légère de Cavalerie (DLC)
127:42e Corps d'Armee de Forteresse (CAF)
7:
480:Casemate de Nouveau-Crusnes Est, C27
468:Casemate de la Ravin-de-Crusnes, C23
373:Observatiore de Haut-de-la-Vigne, O7
1339:SF Rohrbach (Maginot New Frontiers)
1309:SF Montmédy (Maginot New Frontiers)
1299:SF Maubeuge (Maginot New Frontiers)
1107:The Maginot Line: History and Guide
300:Casemate du Bois-de-Tappe Ouest, C5
1390:(includes the Little Maginot Line/
1091:Kaufmann, J.E. and Kaufmann, H.W.
504:Casemate de la Fond-d'Havange, C34
430:128th Fortress Infantry Regiment (
335:139th Fortress Infantry Regiment (
235:149th Fortress Infantry Regiment (
14:
1938:Defensive Organization of Corsica
1294:SF Escaut (Maginot New Frontiers)
1201:Le secteur fortifié de la Crusnes
1174:Oxford: Osprey Publishing, 2010.
1074:Degon, André; Zylberyng, Didier,
1064:Oxford: Osprey Publishing, 2003.
303:Casemate du Bois-de-Tappe Est, C6
288:Casemate du Bois-de-Beuveille, C2
1271:Northern and northeastern France
1226:Les ouvrages du SF de la Crusnes
546:Position Avancée de Longwy (PAL)
515:Peacetime barracks and support:
417:Peacetime barracks and support:
406:Casemate de la Ferme Thiéry, C20
376:Casemate de Chénières Ouest, C11
170:
158:
146:
134:
48:which sits directly against the
1959:Fortified sector of the Crusnes
1771:Fortified Sector of Faulquemont
1567:Fortified Sector of the Crusnes
1192:Fortified Sector of the Crusnes
1024:"Tourisme sur la ligne Maginot"
1002:"Petit Ouvrage A5 Bois du Four"
736:is smaller, with lighter arms.
645:was captured by German attack.
397:Casemate de Verbusch Ouest, C18
312:Casemate de Jalaumont Ouest, C9
30:Secteur Fortifiée de la Crusnes
26:Fortified Sector of the Crusnes
1865:Fortified Sector of the Vosges
1615:Fortified Sector of Thionville
1483:Fortified Sector of the Escaut
1170:Romanych, Marc; Rupp, Martin.
471:Casemate de Crusnes Ouest, C24
409:Casemate de Bourène Ouest, C21
379:Casemate de Chénières Est, C12
370:Casemate de Jalaumont Est, C10
1:
1809:Fortified Sector of the Sarre
1078:Editions Ouest-France, 2014.
583:Casemate Ravin de Crusnes C23
495:Observatiore du Réservoir, O1
400:Casemate de Verbusch Est, C19
66:Second Armistice at Compiègne
1893:Fortified Sector of Haguenau
1827:Fortified Sector of Rohrbach
1534:Fortified Sector of Montmédy
1501:Fortified Sector of Maubeuge
641:had fallen. In reality, no
574:Fortified Sector of Montmédy
474:Casemate de Crusnes Est, C25
412:Casemate de Bourène Est, C22
385:Casemate de Morfontaine, C14
1217:Secteur Fortifié de Crusnes
906:Kauffmann 2006, pp. 166-169
689:French nuclear strike force
285:Observatoire de Puxieux, O2
1990:
1683:Fortified Sector of Boulay
969:Mary, Tome 5, pp. 174-175.
507:Casemate du Gros-Bois, C35
498:Casemate de Tressange, C32
483:Casemate du Réservoir, C28
421:Casernement de Morfortaine
177:Insignia of the 149th RIF.
165:Insignia of the 139th RIF.
153:Insignia of the 132nd RIF.
141:Insignia of the 128th RIF.
1095:, Stackpole Books, 2006.
1062:The Maginot Line 1928-45.
951:Mary, Tome 5, pp. 136–137
942:Mary, Tome 3, pp. 228-229
888:Mary, Tome 3, pp. 156-157
459:A7 of three combat blocks
352:A4 of three combat blocks
331:Sub-sector of Morfortaine
1974:Fortified Region of Metz
1329:SF Faulquemont (Maginot)
522:Casernement de Ludelange
519:Casernement d'Errouville
309:Casemate de Pracourt, C8
110:Fortified Region of Metz
76:Concept and organization
1109:, Pen and Sword, 2011.
825:Mary, Tome 3, pp. 80-86
774:Mary, Tome 1, pp. 28-29
622:Wilhelm Ritter von Leeb
326:Casernement de Doncourt
323:Caserne Lamy (Longuyon)
282:Casemate de Puxieux, C1
252:A1 of two combat blocks
44:the industrial city of
663:, were designated the
584:
541:
192:
21:
1475:Maginot Line Ouvrages
1349:SF Haguenau (Maginot)
1228:at alsacemaginot.com
1048:Kaufmann 2011, p. 215
980:"The Fort of Fermont"
879:Kaufmann 2006, p. 165
673:môle de Rochonvillers
604:8.89cm anti-tank guns
582:
539:
510:Abri du Gros-Bois, X1
501:Casemate de Bure, C33
382:Casemate de Laix, C13
209:André-Gaston Prételat
190:
20:Block 2, Ferme Chappy
19:
1319:Thionville (Maginot)
1314:SF Crusnes (Maginot)
960:Mary, Tome 5, p. 171
915:Mary, Tome 3, p. 189
861:Kaufmann 2006, p. 14
843:Kaufmann 2006, p. 13
695:sold to the public.
588:Ouvrage Ferme Chappy
426:Sub-sector of Aumetz
357:Ouvrage Bois-du-Four
345:Ouvrage Mauvais-Bois
245:Ouvrage Ferme Chappy
231:Subsector of Arrancy
116:to the west and the
1388:Southeastern France
1344:SF Vosges (Maginot)
1324:SF Boulay (Maginot)
933:Romanych, pp. 53-56
870:Mary, Tome 3, p. 44
852:Kaufmann 2006, p.20
834:Mary, Tome 3, p. 61
801:Mary, Tome 3, p. 79
792:Mary, Tome 1, p. 15
783:Mary, Tome 1, p. 38
199:, headquartered at
1915:Petit Maginot Line
1416:SF Alpes-Maritimes
1334:SF Sarre (Maginot)
1210:at wikimaginot.eu
1206:2015-10-18 at the
1060:Allcorn, William.
585:
542:
269:Ouvrage Latiremont
193:
84:replacing all but
22:
1946:
1945:
1746:Coume Annexe Nord
1441:
1440:
1219:at mablehome.com
1163:978-2-35250-127-5
1115:978-1-84884-068-3
1084:978-2-7373-6080-0
1030:(in French). 2010
213:24e Corps d'Armee
201:Fort Jeanne d'Arc
123:Secteur Fortifiée
1981:
1873:Grand-Hohékirkel
1756:Coume Annexe Sud
1701:Mont des Welches
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62:Battle of France
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1964:Maginot Line
1883:Four-à-Chaux
1817:Haut-Poirier
1595:Bois-du-Four
1590:Mauvais-Bois
1575:Ferme Chappy
1566:
1313:
1275:Maginot Line
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1055:Bibliography
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29:
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1922:Alpine Line
1706:Michelsberg
1519:La Salmagne
1411:SF Dauphiné
1392:Alpine Line
1369:SF Altkirch
1364:SF Mulhouse
1304:SD Ardennes
1284:SF Flanders
1230:(in French)
1221:(in French)
1212:(in French)
1196:(in French)
1166:(in French)
1149:(in French)
1132:(in French)
1087:(in French)
657:Warsaw Pact
223:Description
1953:Categories
1850:Schiesseck
1794:Laudrefang
1761:Mottenberg
1691:Hackenberg
1658:Galgenberg
1648:Kobenbusch
1643:Bois-Karre
1585:Latiremont
1514:Bersillies
1433:OD Corsica
760:References
661:Latiremont
600:Latiremont
58:Luxembourg
1855:Otterbiel
1845:Simserhof
1835:Welschhof
1789:Einseling
1731:Bovenberg
1726:Berenbach
1552:Thonnelle
1509:Les Sarts
1359:SF Colmar
1028:Le Tunnel
1901:Hochwald
1840:Rohrbach
1784:Bambesch
1721:Anzeling
1663:Sentzich
1653:Oberheid
1638:Soetrich
1633:Immerhof
1628:Molvange
1557:Vélosnes
1547:Chesnois
1542:La Ferté
1524:Boussois
1406:SF Savoy
1401:SD Rhône
1289:SF Lille
1204:Archived
631:ouvrages
613:ouvrages
609:ouvrages
570:ouvrages
566:ouvrages
114:Ardennes
102:ouvrages
82:ouvrages
70:Cold War
38:Longuyon
1931:Corsica
1878:Lembach
1779:Kerfent
1736:Denting
1711:Hobling
1668:Métrich
1600:Bréhain
1580:Fermont
1425:Corsica
1379:SF Jura
726:ouvrage
721:ouvrage
669:Bréhain
596:Fermont
527:History
183:Command
86:Bréhain
54:Belgium
1716:Bousse
1696:Coucou
1673:Billig
1605:Aumetz
1178:
1161:
1144:
1127:
1113:
1099:
1082:
1068:
1034:14 May
986:11 May
685:Aumetz
50:French
46:Longwy
42:behind
1751:Coume
1008:5 May
708:Notes
118:Sarre
1176:ISBN
1159:ISBN
1142:ISBN
1125:ISBN
1111:ISBN
1097:ISBN
1080:ISBN
1066:ISBN
1036:2010
1010:2010
988:2010
751:abri
747:abri
683:and
598:and
205:Metz
56:and
24:The
1491:Eth
745:An
203:at
129:).
1955::
1026:.
806:^
767:^
679:,
455:,
443:,
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348:,
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1467:e
1460:t
1453:v
1394:)
1277:)
1258:e
1251:t
1244:v
1038:.
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990:.
121:(
28:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
