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698:, these windows reflect “liberty and justice for all.” A Youth Window in the northeast corner of the sanctuary affirms the church's development and nurture of children. High on the north wall is a massive Rose Window which measures 26 feet in diameter and was the first window to be installed in the new sanctuary.
437:, and smoke cigarettes in public. Scandalous to some and a radical to others, Littlefair nevertheless saw the church grow from less than 200 in weekly attendance to over 1000 regular weekly worshippers shortly after he arrived. At its height under Littlefair's ministry, FSC reckoned over 2000 members.
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Fountain Street Church's youth ministries (called “Character School”) have evolved since the 1950s to serve nursery through kindergarten-age children along with grade-school youth (Voyage of
Discovery), middle-schoolers (Tower Club) and high school students (Fountain Club). The Fountain Club has been
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The present sanctuary reflects the beginnings of historic
Christian church design. Rev. Wishart envisioned a basilica that “encompassed the refinements of art, the inspiration of character, and the techniques of science” and spoke of a church with “majestic architectural lines, color, form and shape
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Wooden, in fact, shares characteristics of his predecessors. Like
Wishart, he had served on the East Coast before coming to FSC. Like McGorrill, he arrived at a time of economic uncertainty in the area. Like Littlefair, he had never before served a large church. Like Rankin, he was more a writer
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Littlefair died in
January 2004, at the age of 91. The following fall, Fountain Street Church selected Weldon Frederick Wooden to serve as their Senior Minister. Wooden, too, was a graduate of the University of Chicago Divinity School, making Rankin the only Senior Minister not to have studied under
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Littefair retired in 1980. In 1982, the church selected David O. Rankin of the
Unitarian Universalist Congregation of Atlanta to serve it, which he did for 16 years until his retirement. During that time, Rankin penned "Ten Things Commonly Believed Among Us", which continues to be widely used by the
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Fountain Street's original
American Gothic church building, completed in April 1877, was destroyed by a fire in 1917. Under the leadership of senior minister, Rev. Alfred Wesley Wishart, a new church was designed and built over the next seven years. The Italian Romanesque sanctuary was dedicated in
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came to FSC to debate
Wishart on the subject of whether a "belief in a general purpose of the universe is rational and justified." Other notables had appeared before at the church, but this particular debate, conducted in the still-new auditorium, marked the beginning of FSC's inviting national and
497:
Duncan
Littlefair, meanwhile, remained active in the congregation, helping to choose Rankin's successor, Brent Smith, who, during his brief tenure, adapted FSC to the Internet age and rebuilt the church's organ. Differences over leadership and finances led to Smith's departure less than two years
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organ was first installed in 1924 and fully restored in 2003 through the support of church members. The organ features 8,000 pipes, with the largest being 32 feet high and the smallest the size of a pencil. The five-manual organ of 250 draw knobs has 138 ranks of pipes and 34 digital ranks for a
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The goal of religious education for adults is to help further members’ own spiritual journeys through programs that address the head, the heart and the spirit. Fountain Street Church encourages everyone to become lifelong learners in a spirit of open inquiry, controversy and lively discussions.
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Coming early in
Wishart's career at FSC, the furniture workers' strike began as an effort to organize the furniture-making factories then critical to Grand Rapids. When the union's demands for a nine-hour day, pay by the hour, and a ten percent raise of the average wage were denied, Wishart and
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In August 2010, the church was defaced with piles of feces at the entrances along with conservative
Christian literature. The incident was not reported to the police. The church's "Peace Pole" in support of diversity had also been knocked down several times and now is anchored in concrete.
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According to the church literature, spiritual growth for Fountain Street youth “strives to create and sustain an intergenerational community of learning designed to inspire wonder and compassion toward self, community, the world and the Divine to foster individual decisions about God in a
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Native Americans. A lengthy history of institutional squabbles between themselves and other area Baptists eventually culminated in the two factions' reunion in 1869 to create Fountain Street Baptist Church (so named for the building they erected on the east side of downtown Grand Rapids).
285:. Over his ten-year ministry, Randall effectively converted Fountain Street Baptist Church from "traditional" to "progressive," reflecting the spirit of the Divinity School that is still known for its liberal approach to religious studies. He left to serve Mount Morris Baptist Church in
337:), Viva Flaherty, was publicly supportive of the workers, making the strike a critical issue that divided sympathies in the church and wider community. Flaherty had begun her career at FSC working with John Randall and chided Wishart for lacking the zeal she found in his predecessor.
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Unitarian Universalist Association as well as Fountain Street Church. Rankin was also a regular contributor to American Rabbi magazine and well known in Unitarian circles, serving major churches in San Francisco and Indianapolis prior to coming to Grand Rapids.
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structure that now stands in its place was completed in 1924 following seven years of work and planning on behalf of Wishart and the church (during which time worshipping took place at Powers Theater). Designed to serve as a public auditorium as well as a
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While Randall's career moved the church toward a more liberal direction, his successor, Alfred Wesley Wishart—also a graduate of the Divinity School—permanently set FSC on a liberal path. Wishart's career was marked by three significant events: 1) The
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their auspices. He also continued the tradition of senior clergy who are from or connected to Unitarian Universalism, serving 11 years at the UU Congregational Society in Brooklyn New York, following service in Texas and Massachusetts.
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Among the artwork which pervades the entire church building are Byzantine-styled oil-painted effigies, murals, coffered walnut and mosaic ceilings, Mercer-tiled floors, Romanesque stone columns and arcades, numerous mosaics (including
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Following his departure, Fountain Street Baptist Church found itself at its lowest ebb since 1869: The mortgage took up nearly half of the annual budget and the Great Depression made each year more challenging than the last. Weekly
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in 1869 as Fountain Street Baptist Church, by 1960, FSC ended its Baptist identity altogether to become an independent, non-denominational, and liberal church. In 1959, a book chronicling the story of Fountain Street Church titled
399:. His successor, Milton McGorrill, thus endured a difficult ministry, but he was the first FSC preacher to begin broadcasting his sermons. He left after ten years to pursue a more prosperous career on the
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others intervened to try to prevent a strike with a commission whose report supported management. The workers went on strike for seventeen weeks, but ultimately failed in their efforts.
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Littlefair's tenure redefined the church, jettisoning the Baptist name and association, rewriting its bylaws, and restructuring its governance and management. The traditional
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642:, FSC's 19 stained glass windows were installed in its new sanctuary in 1924. Traditional Biblical windows adorn the east wall of the sanctuary and depict the law and the
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was remodeled on the then-new theory of character development and renamed "Character School." Youth programming at its height involved over 200 high schoolers who brought
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in its tapestries, wood carvings, stonework, intricate mosaics, light, and glass”—all which were to be “symbols born of high purpose with a social point of view.”
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534:, the church repeated its supports for abortion rights and repeated its support through a support service and encouraging people to argue for abortion rights.
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486:, Littlefair defended the action publicly despite strong feelings in the church that doing so was wrong. One lasting effect was the impact of his friend
317:; 2) the rebuilding of the church following destruction by fire in 1917; and 3) the use of FSC as a public venue for international debates and lectures.
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The search committee again consulted the University of Chicago Divinity School, taking the university's recommendation to consider a young minister in
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471:; despite his suggestions that FSC should join the denomination, he ultimately preferred that the church remain independent and non-denominational.
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In the years between 1896 and 2006, Fountain Street Church gradually shed its explicitly Christian identity for a non-creedal identity similar to
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was barely above 100, and it was clear that a different and daring direction had to be pursued in order for Fountain Street Church to survive.
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of the topic and provide significant coverage of it beyond a mere trivial mention. If notability cannot be shown, the article is likely to be
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bands as well as lecturers to the church. Many major bands of the era performed there under so-called "Fountain Club" sponsorship, including
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A Documentary History of Religion in America, Edwin Scott Gaustad, Heath W. Carter, Mark A. Noll, eds. (Eerdmans, 2018). See pages 728, 732.
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and features a mosaic and gold-leaf domed-ceiling which portrays four guardian angels symbolizing “Justice, Liberty, Peace and Fraternity.”
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Fountain Street Church has served as a platform for a variety of performers since 1928 when senior minister Alfred Wesley Wishart debated
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Littefair's high-water mark came when friend and member Philip Buchen brought him to Washington, D.C. to give advice on whether President
626:-designed chapel. A memorial tower room situated between the narthex and the main lobby is dedicated to soldiers who lost their lives in
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and thinker than an organizer. Like Smith, he knew that 21st-century churches needed to adapt to advancements in technology and media.
490:. Returning several times over the years, his theories echoed those of Littefair and deeply affected many members' own spiritual life.
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In addition, there have been many associate and interim clergy, and a variety of esteemed guest preachers including the late Rabbi
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Wishart died in 1933 while still serving, leaving a church building with a substantial mortgage to pay off at the outset of the
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world figures to Grand Rapids to share their opinions. A partial list and description of those who have appeared follows below.
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Notable American Unitarians 1936-1961, Herbert Vetter. (Harvard Square Library, 2006). See "Duncan Littlefair," pages 142-147.
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Arriving in 1944 at the age of 32, Littlefair preached in a manner unprecedented in a town heretofore saturated by a strictly
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The roots of Fountain Street Church date to 1824 when the region's original Baptist mission established itself to convert the
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have also appeared there through organizations with which the church is partnered, such as the Diversity Learning Center of
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In August 2020, the congregation elected the first woman and first nonwhite senior minister, Rev. Mariela Perez-Simons.
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Fountain Street Church houses one of the most comprehensive organs in the Midwest. Dubbed "Catherine the Great," the
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Gathered at the River, Grand Rapids, Michigan, and Its People of Faith, James D. Bratt, Christopher H. Meehan, 1993
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An Experience with Fountain Street Church – An Illustrated Study of Her Architecture and Arts, Sheryl Budnick, 1965
265:. Its mission to "Free the Mind, Grow the Soul and Change the World" summarizes the church's approach to religion.
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It was consequently, not until April 1877, that they could assemble for worship in the magnificent audience room.
927:"A Grand Rapids church continues its long history of raising money to support abortion rights ⋆ Michigan Advance"
662:. Along the west side of the sanctuary are contrasting images that profile “wisdom, service, and freedom.” From
358:, the new building had a seating capacity of over 1500. The large bell tower became part of the city's official
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Following the ministry of John L. Jackson, the church selected John Herman Randall, a young graduate of the new
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building that housed Fountain Street Church burned to the ground. No cause was ever determined. The massive
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2021-2024: Rev. Christopher Roe (interim from 2021-2023, Senior Minister Feb. 12, 2023 to May 31, 2024)
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and dropped its Baptist identity. Littlefair himself had by then changed his clergy affiliation to the
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became popular in the late 1800s. Most of the people who influenced this change were graduates of the
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known for their trips to places like Washington D.C. and New York City. They most recently visited
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In February 2023, the congregation elected its first queer senior minister, Rev. Christopher Roe.
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Visual Arts in the Worshiping Church, Lisa DeBoer (Eerdmans, 2016). See pages 122-131, 151.
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597:. A roster of all those who have served or preached at FSC is too extensive to list here.
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The Windows of Fountain Street Church, The Art Committee of Fountain Street Church, 2000
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The church commemorated its 150th year in 2019 and was registered as a historic site.
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in principle, Wishart did not approve of union tactics. His "social secretary" (i.e.,
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Liberal Legacy: A History of Fountain Street Church, Vol. 2, Roger Bertschausen, 1991
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The church was also a venue for Gilda's Laugh Fest in 2012 hosting such comedians as
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religious culture. His personal manner was also remarkable: He was known to drive a
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Liberal Legacy: A History of Fountain Street Church, Vol. 1, Philip Buchen, 1959
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memory; some of the tower's room was dedicated to those slain in the war.
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Please help to demonstrate the notability of the topic by citing
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over the topic “Is There a General Purpose in the Universe?”
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the case which had held abortion was a constitutional right,
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Modeled after the Gothic cathedrals of France, particularly
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of Venice), rare furniture artifacts, painted glass, and an
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It was not until 1960 that FSC formally separated from the
254:, a member of the church and legal advisor to President
953:"Fountain St. holds service after SCOTUS overturns Roe"
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have all appeared at the church's behest. Since 2009
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notability guidelines for companies and organizations
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Church building in Michigan, United States of America
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February 1924 with seating for approximately 1,500.
248:
Liberal Legacy – A History of Fountain Street Church
545:Roster of Senior Clergy at Fountain Street Church:
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1030:The American Organist, Carlo Curley, November 2004
378:In 1928, three years after his notable defense of
374:Fountain Street Church historical marker west face
905:"Fountain Street Church defaced with feces, eggs"
980:History of the City of Grand Rapids, Michigan
8:
226:congregation, but it changed its views when
1103:Religious organizations established in 1869
301:that continues to this day. Randall's son,
1108:19th-century churches in the United States
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618:’s “Madonna of the Chair”, reproduced by
121:Learn how and when to remove this message
896:
883:non-creedal, ecumenical environment."
582:2020-2021: Rev. Mariela Perez-Simons
283:University of Chicago Divinity School
232:University of Chicago Divinity School
7:
925:Allison R. Donahue (30 June 2022).
579:2005-2020: Dr. W. Frederick Wooden
570:1944-1979: Dr. Duncan E. Littlefair
558:1897-1906: Rev. John Herman Randall
289:, and eventually moved on to serve
241:Established in the largest town in
1093:Religion in Grand Rapids, Michigan
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561:1906-1933: Rev. Alfred W. Wishart
524:In 2022, after the Supreme Court
321:The 1911 Furniture Workers Strike
1098:Evangelical churches in Michigan
957:FOX 17 West Michigan News (WXMI)
564:1933-1943: Rev. Milton McGorrill
305:, became a noted philosopher at
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1113:1869 establishments in Michigan
951:Lauren Edwards (26 June 2022).
879:to help with hurricane relief.
702:Notable speakers and performers
555:1890-1896: Rev. John L. Jackson
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34:may not meet Knowledge (XXG)'s
784:Grand Rapids Community College
573:1980-1996: Dr. David O. Rankin
315:1911 furniture workers' strike
157:Fountain Street Baptist Church
1:
862:total of 172 ranks (voices).
567:1943-1944: Rev. Edward Nelson
552:1870-1885: Rev. Samuel Graves
1088:Baptist churches in Michigan
1002:"U2 > Tours > October"
549:1842-1844: Rev. T.Z.R. Jones
295:Community Church of New York
222:, Michigan started out as a
207:Michigan State Historic Site
297:, beginning a kinship with
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576:1999-2001: Dr. Brent Smith
345:In May 1917, the American
250:was published in-house by
43:reliable secondary sources
32:The topic of this article
866:Youth and adult education
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478:should pardon President
450:The Mothers of Invention
303:John Herman Randall, Jr.
70:"Fountain Street Church"
1064:42.965083°N 85.666917°W
977:Baxter, Albert (1891).
907:. MLive.com. 2010-08-03
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216:Fountain Street Church
183:Grand Rapids, Michigan
136:Fountain Street Church
1069:42.965083; -85.666917
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736:Robert F. Kennedy Jr.
634:Stained glass windows
514:Post-Sesquicentennial
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772:Christopher Hitchens
601:Art and architecture
416:Kenilworth, Illinois
329:While supportive of
236:liberal Christianity
228:liberal Christianity
189:Construction started
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983:. Munsell. p.
498:after his arrival.
307:Columbia University
167:Architectural style
162:General information
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672:Desiderius Erasmus
482:. Though he was a
409:worship attendance
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291:John Haynes Holmes
287:New York, New York
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716:Eleanor Roosevelt
712:Winston Churchill
688:George Washington
668:Leonardo da Vinci
465:American Baptists
420:Duncan Littlefair
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824:Arlo Guthrie
788:Dave Brubeck
752:Angela Davis
744:Irshad Manji
740:Kweisi Mfume
732:Paul Tillich
724:Robert Frost
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654:window, the
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760:Morris Dees
628:World War I
531:Roe v. Wade
476:Gerald Ford
431:convertible
380:John Scopes
360:World War I
256:Gerald Ford
47:independent
1082:Categories
911:2013-08-24
891:References
831:Bo Burnham
748:Jim Wallis
658:, and the
526:overturned
401:East Coast
347:neo-Gothic
299:Unitarians
171:Romanesque
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728:Malcolm X
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197:Completed
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962:24 March
936:24 March
660:Parables
640:Chartres
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269:History
224:Baptist
95:scholar
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664:Plato
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875:and
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