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556:, was at first inclined to favour the Protestants. To defend the Catholic cause, the Duke of Guise, together with his old enemy, the Constable de Montmorency and the Maréchal de Saint-André formed the so-called triumvirate opposed to the policy of concessions which Catherine de' Medici attempted to inaugurate in favour of the Protestants. His former military hero's public image was changing: "he could not serve for long as the military executive of this extreme political,
305:, but recovered. He was struck with a lance through the bars of his helmet. The steel head pierced both cheeks, and 15 cm (6 in) of the shaft were snapped off by the violence of the blow. He sat firm in his saddle, and rode back unassisted to his tent; and when the surgeon thought he would die of pain, when the iron was extracted, 'he bore it as easily as if it had been but the plucking of a hair out of his head.' The scar would earn him the nickname "
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fearing such a possibility diplomatically reached out to Henri II and Guise was informed of the negotiations. Advancing into Naples in April, his troops became restless from lack of pay. Hearing reports Alba was marching along the
Adriatic coast with an army of 18,000 aiming to cut his supply, Guise
544:
However, the king died on 5 December 1560—making Mary, Queen of Scots a widow, and of little political importance. The Guises lost status alongside her, thus making a year full of calamity for the Guises both in
Scotland and France. Within a year and a half, their influence waxed great and waned.
521:, to which the Guises had moved the young king and queen for safety. The uprising was violently suppressed, with 1,200 executed, many within sight of the castle. In the immediate aftermath Condé was obliged to flee the court, and the power of the Guises was supreme. The discourse which
579:(September and October 1561) between theologians of the two confessions was fruitless, and the conciliation policy of Catherine de' Medici was defeated. From 15 to 18 February 1562, Guise visited the Duke of Württemberg at
571:, and also to come to an understanding with the Lutheran princes of Germany to induce them to abandon the idea of covertly backing the French Protestants. About July 1561, Guise wrote to this effect to the
602:(19 December), at which Montmorency was taken prisoner and Saint-André slain, was in the end turned by Guise to the advantage of the Catholic cause, and Condé, leader of the Huguenots, was taken prisoner.
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was signed. Throughout the reign of Henry II Guise was one of the premier military figures of France, courteous, affable and frank, and largely popular, the "grand duc de Guise" as his contemporary
2012:
1932:
517:, the Cardinal of Lorraine. When the ill-organized plot was put off for six days, it was discovered by the court well ahead of time. On 12 March 1560, the Huguenots stormed the
1972:
1922:
447:
399:
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1800:
Johnson, C. Curtiss; Bongard, David L. (1992). "Francois de
Lorraine, 2nd Duke of Guise". In Dupuy, Trevor N.; Johnson, Curt; Bongard, David L. (eds.).
598:. The siege of Bourges in September was the opening episode, then Rouen was retaken from the Protestants by Guise after a month's siege (October); the
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on his way to Paris (1 March 1562), a massacre of
Protestants took place. It is not known to what extent he was responsible for this, but the
191:
1962:
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383:
1997:
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560:, pro-Spanish junta without attracting his share of odium," N. M. Sutherland has observed in describing the lead-up to his assassination.
288:, with whom he was raised, and by birth a prominent individual in France, though his detractors emphasised his "foreign" origin (he was a
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541:(August 1560), did not influence King Francis II in the least, but resulted rather in the imprisonment of Condé, at Charles's behest.
650:. Though the assassin later retracted his statement and Coligny denied responsibility for Guise's death, a bitter feud arose between
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sought battle, but Alba was evasive. Guise was now instructed by Henri to break off his Naples campaign and return to campaign in
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Montmorency conscious there was no place for him in the new order, withdrew from court. The Duke of Guise and his brother,
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in May 1560, but the plot was divulged by one of the conspirators who lost their nerve and his five co-conspirators fled.
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were supreme in the royal council. Occasionally he signed public acts in the royal manner, with his baptismal name only.
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In reaction to the dominating power at court of the ultra-Catholic Guises, La
Renaudie, a Protestant gentleman of
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Guise's unexpected death temporarily interrupted open hostilities. In his testimony, Poltrot implicated
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with 16,000 men. Instructed to take Parma, he assessed it as unviable, proposing instead attacking
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as a faction, led by the brilliant and devious cardinal, whom even the
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It was not the first plot against his life. A hunting accident—Guise had been appointed
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In 1545, Guise (he is henceforth referred to by his title) was seriously wounded at the
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François de
Lorraine, 2nd Duke of Guise, 1st Prince of Joinville, and 1st Duke of Aumale
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Sutherland, N. M. (1981). "The
Assassination of François Duc de Guise, February 1563".
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before this in turn was superseded by news of the disastrous defeat of the
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The
Italian Wars 1494–1559: War, State and Society in Early Modern Europe
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admiration for François, shared by Catherine, from the detestation of
461:(10 July 1559), however, was a triumph for the Guise family, and the
1685:"François de Lorraine (1520–1563), duc de Guise et nouveau Roi Mage"
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on 7 January 1558—an enormous propaganda victory for France—then
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Martyrs and Murderers: The Guise Family and the Making of Europe
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513:, to seize the person of the Duke of Guise and his brother
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Review in Cahiers de Recherches Médiévales et Humanistes.
549:, the Duke of Guise lived in retirement on his estates.
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François de Lorraine, duc de Guise, entre Dieu et le roi
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Review in Revue d’histoire moderne & contemporaine.
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390:. There they parted ways and Guise continued along the
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1779:. 24, June (2). Cambridge University Press: 279–295.
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1759:Hero or Tyrant? Henry III, King of France, 1574–89
703:– 6 May 1596, Paris), married on 4 February 1570
616:In the fourth encounter, Guise was about to take
418:Guise was recalled to France, and hurriedly made
367:, and defeated the imperial troops again at the
438:that summer, and was preparing to advance into
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563:The plan of the Triumvirate was to treat with
359:. He won international renown in 1552 when he
264:(created Duke of Guise in 1527), and his wife
1802:The Harper Encyclopedia of Military Biography
501:, perhaps with the indirect encouragement of
375:temporarily curtailed his military activity.
8:
2013:Politicians assassinated in the 16th century
1933:French people of the French Wars of Religion
831:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
682:on 29 April 1548. They had seven children:
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895:Learn how and when to remove this message
724:Antoine (25 April 1557 – 16 January 1560)
612:Assassination of the Duke of Guise (1563)
493:Plan of the siege of Civitella del Tronto
378:He led an army into Italy in 1557 to aid
16:French soldier and politician (1519–1563)
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481:François I de Lorraine, Duc de Guise by
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666:Guise married Anna d'Este, daughter of
382:, his army in conjunction with that of
312:In 1548 he was magnificently wedded to
1973:16th-century French military personnel
1750:The French Wars of Religion, 1559-1598
1741:The French Wars of Religion, 1559–1598
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911:Ancestors of François, Duke of Guise
829:adding citations to reliable sources
316:, daughter of the Duke of Ferrara,
689:(1550–1588), who succeeded him as
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738:Maximilien (25 October 1562–1567)
631:in 1556—had been planned, as Sir
503:Louis of Bourbon, Prince of Condé
340:An engraving of the Duke of Guise
240:, he was assassinated during the
1822:elevated from County by courtesy
1689:Histoire, Économie & Société
936:Frederick VI, Count of Vaudémont
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284:. He was the youthful cousin of
78:12 April 1550 – 24 February 1563
1993:Assassinated French politicians
453:The accession of Guise's niece
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1:
2008:Court of Francis II of France
2003:Court of Charles IX of France
656:St Bartholomew's Day massacre
467:Charles, Cardinal of Lorraine
365:Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor
282:Charles, Cardinal of Lorraine
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1968:Ancien Régime office-holders
1963:Grand chamberlains of France
727:François (31 December 1559,
1998:Court of Henry II of France
1928:Deaths by firearm in France
1172:Jean VIII, Count of Vendôme
716:Louis II, Cardinal of Guise
357:Grand Chamberlain of France
260:), François was the son of
200:Louis II, Cardinal of Guise
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1678:. Oxford University Press.
1485:Johnson & Bongard 1992
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1198:François, Count of Vendôme
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646:and the Protestant pastor
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280:. His younger brother was
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844:"François, Duke of Guise"
444:Peace of Cateau-Cambrésis
348:The duke of Guise at the
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1978:Grand huntsmen of France
1766:Shaw, Christine (2014).
1674:Carroll, Stuart (2011).
1228:13. Isabelle de Beauveau
1109:11. Catherine de Bourbon
710:Charles, Duke of Mayenne
586:As Guise passed through
409:Constable de Montmorency
355:In 1551, he was created
303:Second Siege of Boulogne
234:Italian War of 1551–1559
196:Charles, Duke of Mayenne
1958:Grand masters of France
1748:Knecht, Robert (2010).
1134:François, Duke of Guise
1056:Adolf, Duke of Guelders
787:Cardinal Louis of Guise
775:Duke Charles of Mayenne
622:Jean de Poltrot de Méré
596:French Wars of Religion
545:After the accession of
422:. Taking the field, he
398:to secure lines south.
320:, and French princess,
309:" ("The Scarred One").
238:French Wars of Religion
1938:French Roman Catholics
1913:People from Bar-le-Duc
1777:The Historical Journal
1729:13 August 2017 at the
1420:who distinguishes the
637:Elizabeth I of England
629:Grand Veneur of France
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463:Grand Master of France
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188:Henri I, Duke of Guise
1757:Knecht, R.J. (2016).
1739:Knecht, R.J. (1989).
1718:. Classiques Garnier.
1253:Antoinette de Bourbon
1020:Claude, Duke of Guise
763:Duke Henry I of Guise
680:Saint-Germain-en-Laye
633:Nicholas Throckmorton
529:, pronounced against
511:conspiracy of Amboise
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413:Battle of St. Quentin
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266:Antoinette de Bourbon
222:Antoinette de Bourbon
212:Claude, Duke of Guise
1953:Princes of Joinville
1876:elevated from Barony
1721:Presentation online.
1714:Durot, Éric (2012).
1702:10.3917/hes.083.0003
1683:Durot, Éric (2008).
825:improve this section
554:Catherine de' Medici
535:Assembly of Notables
473:The Wars of Religion
459:Francis II of France
455:Mary, Queen of Scots
278:Mary, Queen of Scots
25:François de Lorraine
1883:Prince of Joinville
1596:, pp. 115–116.
1557:, pp. 268–269.
1487:, pp. 301–302.
1347:Marguerite of Savoy
1315:Marie de Luxembourg
731:– 24 October 1573,
720:Archbishop of Reims
573:Duke of Württemberg
457:, and her husband,
400:the duke of Tuscany
363:from the forces of
274:James V of Scotland
123:, Holy Roman Empire
40:Prince de Joinville
577:Colloquy at Poissy
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373:Truce of Vaucelles
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262:Claude de Lorraine
1983:House of Lorraine
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1863:Succeeded by
1836:Succeeded by
1632:, pp. 35–36.
1569:, pp. 80–81.
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592:Massacre of Vassy
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885:February 2022
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810:This section
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606:Assassination
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1776:
1770:. Routledge.
1767:
1761:. Routledge.
1758:
1752:. Routledge.
1749:
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1594:Carroll 2011
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1470:Carroll 2011
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823:Please help
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665:
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552:The regent,
551:
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452:
450:called him.
417:
380:Pope Paul IV
377:
354:
311:
306:
300:
289:
251:
229:
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148:Noble family
134:(1563-02-24)
52:Portrait by
18:
1908:1563 deaths
1903:1519 births
1695:(3): 3–16.
1647:Knecht 1989
1630:Knecht 1989
1606:Knecht 2010
1500:Knecht 2016
751:Anne d'Este
712:(1554–1611)
507:palace coup
314:Anna d'Este
165:Anna d'Este
83:Predecessor
1897:Categories
1887:1552–1563
1860:1550–1563
1833:1547–1550
1445:References
1426:les Guises
855:newspapers
547:Charles IX
531:les Guises
483:Marc Duval
440:Luxembourg
432:Thionville
386:capturing
307:Le Balafré
254:Bar-le-Duc
248:Early life
117:Bar-le-Duc
1793:159857086
1555:Shaw 2014
1543:Shaw 2014
1531:Shaw 2014
812:does not
701:Joinville
697:Catherine
527:Huguenots
442:when the
426:from the
392:Po Valley
326:Louis XII
244:in 1563.
192:Catherine
159:Spouse(s)
93:Successor
1727:Archived
1422:personal
1396:See also
793:Ancestry
569:Holy See
567:and the
499:Périgord
448:Brantôme
405:Lombardy
396:Florence
258:Lorraine
252:Born in
203:François
142:, France
121:Lorraine
1866:Henry I
1668:Sources
869:scholar
833:removed
818:sources
644:Coligny
618:Orléans
581:Saverne
533:in the
523:Coligny
515:Charles
428:English
411:at the
388:Valenza
384:Brissac
178:
170:
140:Orléans
97:Henri I
1849:Claude
1839:Claude
1791:
1708:online
871:
864:
857:
850:
842:
674:, and
662:Family
575:. The
509:, the
218:Mother
208:Father
87:Claude
1789:S2CID
1408:Notes
876:JSTOR
862:books
733:Reims
729:Blois
687:Henri
678:, in
436:Arlon
322:Renée
184:Issue
172:(
168:
153:Guise
138:near
104:
75:Reign
1345:15.
1287:14.
1170:12.
1054:10.
848:news
816:any
814:cite
434:and
236:and
129:Died
110:Born
1781:doi
1697:doi
1313:7.
1251:3.
1196:6.
1132:1.
1018:2.
992:9.
960:4.
934:8.
827:by
537:at
415:.
1899::
1787:.
1693:54
1691:.
1687:.
1637:^
1574:^
1507:^
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174:m.
119:,
58:c.
56:,
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892:(
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883:(
873:·
866:·
859:·
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693:.
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256:(
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