Knowledge (XXG)

French verb morphology

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21: 872:), for each tense of each mood a series of six endings (one for each person singular and plural) is associated with a group or subgroup of verbs. Each of these series must now remain fixed throughout a single tense. Consequently, no ending may be modified even when orthographical simplification would be possible: 688:
But although things are generally not removed from the stem, it is permissible to add letters when this is necessary. Certain stems can undergo various orthographic changes (which are not strictly speaking considered to be irregularities) in order to retain the correct pronunciation:
3686:) neither will the imperfect subjunctive. To be more exact, the imperfect subjunctive stem consists of the second person singular of the past historic, except that in the third person singular of the imperfect subjunctive the final 3446:
But sometimes when in the present indicative the stem used for the first and second persons plural differs from that used for the other four persons; the present subjunctive also uses this stem for these two persons:
3857:) is copied from the indicative present (this is always true for verbs from the first two groups). Thus when the present indicative has two alternate forms, so does the present imperative: 349:
person (I, you, he/she etc.) and number, though many endings can correspond to multiple tense-mood-subject combinations. In certain parts of the second conjugation there is also a suffix
3849:
Recall two unusual features of the imperative: it exists only in three persons (second singular, first plural and second plural) and its subject pronoun is always omitted.
4398:
However some verbs are irregular, their verbal adjective slightly differs from their present participle (most of these irregular verbs have a verbal adjective ending on
2281:
in other contexts. The stem of the past historic tense is not always regular but is always invariant for a single verb. There are four sets of endings for this tense:
1890:
The stem of the imperfect indicative is always invariant for a single verb. It is derived from the first person plural of the present indicative (except for the verb
4343:
For most verbs, the verbal adjective is nearly the same as the present participle, however the verbal adjectif is inflected as an adjective, e.g. le garçon sautant (
61: 20: 5206: 2275:
Note that in modern language this tense is used only in formal writing, usually referring to historical, historic events, or in novels; it was replaced by
1335:
The stem of the present indicative is not always regular and can vary (especially in the third conjugation) and there are three main sets of endings:
253: 4867: 3690:
of the stem is replaced with a circumflex over the preceding vowel. The stem is otherwise stable for a single verb, and the endings are always:
5083: 4163:
The present participle and the gerundive are both invariable; that is, they do not change form to agree with any other part of a sentence.
1969:
of the first and second persons plural must always be kept even though it may not be reflected in the pronunciation of certain verbs:
3239:
of the first and second persons plural must always be kept even though it may not be reflected in the pronunciation of certain verbs:
4807: 2907:
Consequently, if the future stem is irregular, so will the conditional be, and vice versa. Moreover, if the future does not exist (
89: 5448: 4582:
Some verbs have incomplete conjugations: they do not have forms for certain tenses, moods, or persons. Such verbs are said to be
1851:
Verbs in -ir : endings are the same as the second group in singular, and they have regular ending of third group in plural.
4896: 3307:
The present subjunctive stem is generally derived from the third person plural of the present indicative (except for the verbs
117: 5515: 4921: 79: 4911: 4891: 377:
marks the third-person plural imperfect indicative. "Third person plural" meaning the subject of the verb is "they". The "
246: 184: 56: 4195:." As they are passive participles, this inflection only occurs with transitive verbs, and with certain reflexive verbs. 5520: 4906: 4860: 4787: 5441: 612:
But such irregularities apart, the principle is that nothing is removed from the stem. Consequently, verbs ending in
3682:
The imperfect subjunctive is always constructed from the past historic; hence, if the past historic does not exist (
4926: 4901: 4171:
Past participles, unlike present participles and gerundives, may be inflected to show gender and number by adding
4946: 424:
is doing the action). Note that it is sometimes difficult to distinguish the stem from the ending, especially in
965:
Similarly, the imperfect indicative and present subjunctive endings for the first and second persons plural are
5453: 1203:. This contains all the other verbs, all considered as to some extent irregular, to wit: the verbs ending in 239: 126: 29: 4826: 2147: 408:
imperative. The "first-person plural" is the "we" form of a verb. The "present indicative" being a tense and "
3061:
Sometimes the past imperfect subjunctive is used to replace the present conditional. This form is called the
2552:
Between the future stem and these endings the infinitive ending is inserted, though the pronunciation of the
1312:
although they would naturally seem to belong to the third conjugation, are traditionally classed separately.
5510: 5164: 4979: 4916: 4853: 314: 294: 5481: 5216: 5132: 3698: 3227: 2856: 2561: 2557: 2545: 2387: 2359: 2331: 2303: 1957: 1387: 1369: 1351: 1160: 1153: 1131: 1066:
These tenses are not formed with an auxiliary, and their formation is discussed in the following section.
5415: 5191: 5147: 4961: 94: 2848:
The conditional endings correspond to those of the imperfect indicative. They too are always regular:
1226:
Conduire, connaître, dire, dormir, exclure, faire, mettre, plaindre, prendre, résoudre, savoir, vivre,
5436: 5345: 189: 900:
of the ending may become silent but must still be written (in the present, future, and conditional):
5379: 5309: 5159: 5122: 5112: 5078: 4984: 4965: 1086:). Starting from this infinitive, the conjugations can be classified into three different groups: 84: 2277: 2140:, corresponding to the orthography of Old French. This spelling coexisted with the modern endings 345:(inflection), which indicates the verb's tense (imperfect, present, future etc.) and mood and its 151: 46: 5097: 4880: 4730: 1106:, which due to its numerous irregularities is usually classed as being in the third conjugation): 306: 302: 170: 140: 51: 4414:), especially when there is a risk of orthographic confusion in some irregular cases (e.g. adj. 1001:, even though some speakers pronounce them the same way as the present indicative forms without 5201: 5050: 5025: 4994: 4803: 1324:
The present indicative is the form of the verb used to describe an action in the present e.g.
346: 298: 290: 70: 4406:). A relative construction is almost always preferred to the present verbal adjective (e.g. 1611:
Verbs ending in -oir : the indicative present stems depend on the verb. The endings are
5255: 286: 217: 212: 203: 4771: 3975:
reappears if the imperative is immediately followed by one of the indirect object pronouns
5403: 5352: 5316: 5186: 4845: 4830: 4652: 4101:) is typically formed from the first-person plural of the present indicative by replacing 1170:
Bénir, compatir, déguerpir, fleurir, grandir, haïr, investir, polir, rougir, rugir, salir,
841: 425: 417: 409: 274: 227: 179: 122: 37: 156: 5384: 5276: 5260: 5139: 4956: 4796: 4720: 4584: 1706:
Verbs in -re : endings are the same, stems are equally irregular. There are verbs
310: 194: 112: 103: 2564:
In other words, to form the future tense these endings are appended to the infinitive:
5504: 5489: 5239: 5223: 5154: 5067: 4974: 1878:"I used to speak". It may be used when someone or their action is interrupted e.g. " 1113:
Aimer, balayer, chanter, envoyer, fermer, manger, passer, payer, promener, regarder,
5471: 5374: 5365: 5337: 5332: 5092: 5055: 5006: 5001: 4725: 267: 133: 498:
In these examples, there is no obvious stem – the verbs conjugate without a stem.
5410: 826: 222: 856:
Apart from a few frequent verbs which are considered totally irregular (mainly
5284: 3941:
assaillir, couvrir, cueillir, défaillir, offrir, ouvrir, souffrir, tressaillir
354: 282: 4422:, pronounced exactly the same, with only a slightest distinction of meaning). 4148:
together with the present participle; for example, the present participle of
2602:
But there are several irregular future stems, especially in the third group.
378: 3211:
The present subjunctive endings are for all three groups (except the verbs
4824:
A Two-Page PDF Reference Guide of the 681 Most Common French/English Verbs
3939:. This applies to all verbs from the 1st group and to some from the 3rd ( 313:
grammar, the set of inflected forms of a French verb is called the verb's
412:" being a mood, but in French they are indistinguishable without context. 4840: 1372:. But there are numerous irregularities, especially in the third group. 575:
it is often modified, sometimes even between persons in the same tense:
698: 628:
throughout the conjugation, even where simplifying this combination to
4835: 4592:
some archaic verbs that survive only in very narrow contexts, such as
4198:
The plain (masculine singular) form of a past participle may end in
3358:
je crains, tu crains, il craint, nous craignons, vous craignez, ils
2533:
The future endings correspond to the present indicative of the verb
353:
between the stem and the ending, which derives historically from an
4823: 2851:-ais, -ais, -ait, -ions, -iez, -aient, and in some rare cases, -it 1949:
The endings of this tense are for any of the three groups always:
4133:, respectively), but in all cases the present participle ends in 3299:
que nous ayons, que vous ayez, que nous soyons, que vous soyez...
3077:). This has become very unusual, only in sentences starting with 758:
before any ending which would otherwise change its pronunciation:
701:
before any ending which would otherwise change its pronunciation:
4876: 2271:
Past historic (Indicatif passé simple or Indicatif passé défini)
329:(one-word) forms. These are composed of two distinct parts: the 278: 4849: 3406:
je fais, tu fais, il fait, nous faisons, vous faites, ils font.
4686:
some other verbs for which certain forms are useless, such as
1874:
is a repeated action e.g. "je parlais" means "I was speaking"
4534:
Out of the present verbal adjectif, a present verbal adverb (
1207:
not belonging to the second conjugation, the verbs ending in
4749:
Other speakers maintain a distinction between, for example,
3866:: assieds (assois), asseyons (assoyons), asseyez (assoyez). 1866:
The imperfect indicative is a past tense, where the action
636:
would be consistent with the rules of French orthography:
4456:
communiquer - communicant - communiquant - to communicate
4790:
from the French Knowledge (XXG), accessed 21 April 2005.
4561:
Out of the past verbal adjectif, a past verbal adverb (
4459:
confluer - confluent - confluant - to meet (for rivers)
1361:(all verbs of the second group and most of the third): 3069:). In contrast the regular conditional is then called 1149:. This contains the verbs with infinitives ending in 1098:. This contains the verbs with infinitives ending in 416:
These verb conjugations are most often coupled with a
4841:
Open source database of French verb conjugation rules
4644:, braves gens !", and "Je l'ai obtenu sans coup 4462:
convaincre - convaincant - convainquant - to persuade
5480: 5464: 5426: 5393: 5361: 5325: 5299: 5269: 5248: 5232: 5179: 5066: 5036: 5015: 4955: 4942: 4802:. Cambridge, New York: Cambridge University Press. 3888:are based on the present subjunctive, and those of 3085:this form is still used. The perfective tense (the 4795: 4486:fatiguer - fatigant - fatiguant - to wear, to tire 4465:converger - convergent - convergeant - to converge 3943:and verbs derived from them, as well as the verbs 420:to reinforce who the subject of the verb is (i.e. 4507:suffoquer - suffocant - suffoquant - to suffocate 4453:coïncider - coïncident - coïncidant - to coincide 876:For example, when the verb stem ends in a vowel ( 404:marks the first-person plural present indicative 4557:précéder - précédent - précédemment - to precede 4492:intriguer - intrigant - intriguant - to intrigue 684:Adding to the stem to preserve the pronunciation 4504:provoquer - provocant - provoquant - to provoke 4483:équivaloir - équivalent - équivalant - to equal 4179:, as with a normal adjective. Hence, "un fruit 1886:meaning "I was speaking before you stopped me" 922:, que nous fuyions, que vous fuyiez, qu'ils fui 4786:This article is based on a translation of the 4498:négliger - négligent - négligeant - to neglect 4477:diverger - divergent - divergeant - to diverge 4861: 4501:précéder - précédent - précédant - to precede 4495:naviguer - navigant - naviguant - to navigate 4468:déléguer - délégant - déléguant - to delegate 3957:Parle, cueille, va, aie, sache, veuille, fini 247: 8: 4573:assurer - assuré - assurément - to ascertain 4544: 4538:) can be formed for every verb by replacing 4474:différer - différent - différant - to differ 3612: 3093:) is however used very often in literature. 1843: 1837: 1831: 1698: 1692: 1686: 1680: 1654: 1648: 1642: 1636: 1434: 1424: 1414: 1283: 1267: 1251: 1235: 1224: 1168: 1111: 4519:vaquer - vacant - vaquant - to take a break 4510:vaincre - vaincant - vainquant - to conquer 4480:exceller - excellent - excellant - to excel 4471:déterger - détergent - détergeant - to wash 5040: 4952: 4868: 4854: 4846: 341:which indicates which verb it is, and the 254: 240: 15: 4565:) can be formed for some verbs by adding 4489:influer - influent - influant - to affect 4447:adhérer - adhérent - adhérant - to adhere 2376:-ins, -ins, -int, -înmes, -întes, -inrent 2134:In older texts, one can find the endings 754:in certain stems is followed by a silent 4109:. There are exceptions to this, as with 4010: 3739: 3509: 3100: 2919: 2610: 2423: 2156: 2146:and was not officially abandoned by the 2032: 1396: 266:For broader coverage of this topic, see 4742: 4516:violer - violent - violant - to assault 4450:affluer - affluent - affluant - to rush 1364:-is, -is, -it, -issons, -issez, -issent 202: 169: 102: 69: 36: 4554:courir - courant - couramment - to run 4513:valoir - valent - valant - to be worth 4379:). The past participle can act as the 3456:je reçois, tu reçois, il reçoit, nous 4798:The Sounds of French: An Introduction 2143:-ais, -ais, -ait, -ions, -iez, -aient 2137:-ois, -ois, -oit, -ions, -iez, -oient 1952:-ais, -ais, -ait, -ions, -iez, -aient 1726:and other irregularities. Verbs with 1399: 506:The stem normally stays fixed in the 7: 3853:Most often, the present imperative ( 3693:-se, -ses, -ˆt, -sions, -siez, -sent 3683: 2908: 325:French verbs have a large number of 3971:However, for euphonic reasons this 3075:Conditionnel présent première forme 3067:Conditionnel présent deuxième forme 2348:-us, -us, -ut, -ûmes, -ûtes, -urent 2320:-is, -is, -it, -îmes, -îtes, -irent 2865:always the same as the future stem 2752:The following verbs have a double 2292:-ai, -as, -a, -âmes, -âtes, -èrent 1601:Verbs of the second group take an 14: 4698:. Hence, we have "Les moustiques 3091:Conditionnel passé deuxième forme 1156:whose present participle ends in 1062:Formation of simple tenses active 4093:Present participle and gerundive 3235:For the 1st and 3rd groups, the 1965:For the 1st and 3rd groups, the 1905:je bois, tu bois, il boit, nous 1343:(all verbs of the first group): 1078:A verb is normally named by its 933:(to create), future indicative: 908:(to flee), present subjunctive: 19: 4121:(whose present participles are 3935:in the imperative has no final 3063:present conditional second form 2911:) neither will the conditional. 572: 507: 502:The principle of the fixed stem 400:follows it, and the inflection 4393:the girl that has been rescued 4144:) consists of the preposition 3347:, which have irregular stems): 3222:-e, -es, -e, -ions, -iez, -ent 3071:present conditional first form 90:Ordinance of Villers-Cotterêts 1: 4836:9000 French verb conjugations 3917:Veuille, veuillons, veuillez. 3874:: paie (paye), payons, payez. 2540:-ai, -as, -a, -ons, -ez, -ont 2266:(/et/), endings are the same. 1909:ons, vous buvez, ils boivent. 309:. Following the tradition of 3087:past conditional second form 2537:. They are always regular: 1346:-e, -es, -e, -ons, -ez, -ent 697:in certain stems receives a 460:(to be worth, to cost), and 3706:(Il fallait) que je chantas 3247:(Il faut) que nous travaill 1870:continues into the present 1605:in the plural conjugations. 1382:-s, -s, - , -ons, -ez, -ent 1379:(part of the third group): 1102:/e/ (with the exception of 392:indicates that the verb is 369:indicates that the verb is 5537: 4761:(Tranel 1987, pp. 120–21). 4636:un homme irremplaçable", " 1608:Verbs of the third group: 1304:Note that the auxiliaries 1176:For example, for the verb 1119:For example, for the verb 265: 5043: 4887: 4772:L'histoire de l'imparfait 4545: 4191:", and "des poires confit 3611:Irregular endings : 3559:(qu') il, elle, on finiss 1774:in singular (e.g. : 1550: 1497: 1444: 1370:/ˈi,ˈi,ˈi,isˈɔ̃,isˈe,ˈis/ 4829:23 February 2011 at the 4794:Tranel, Bernard (1987). 4440:) - present participle ( 4373:Present verbal adjective 4097:The present participle ( 3460:ons, vous recevez, ils 2863:The conditional stem is 2556:infinitive changes from 1917:, imperfect indicative: 118:Articles and determiners 4408:les garçons qui sautent 4377:Adjectif verbal présent 4278:and only these verbs), 3912:Sache, sachons, sachez. 3783:(qu') il, elle, on parl 3674:Imperfect subjunctive ( 3669:, the rest are regular) 3601:(qu') ils, elles finiss 3553:(qu') il, elle, on parl 3531:(il faut que) je finiss 3472:, present subjunctive: 3414:, present subjunctive: 3370:, present subjunctive: 3283:ons, que vous tressaill 1884:avant que tu m'arrêtes" 4770:Cabinet de curosités, 4536:adverbe verbal présent 4436:) - Verbal adjective ( 4387:) (e.g. la fille sauvé 4371:). This is called the 4355:), les garçons sautant 4156:, so its gerundive is 3789:(qu') il, elle, on fin 3613: 3454:, present indicative: 3404:, present indicative: 3356:, present indicative: 3279:ez, que nous tressaill 3251:ons, que vous travaill 2527:Indicatif futur simple 2388:/ɛ̃,ɛ̃,ɛ̃,ɛ̃m,ɛ̃t,ɛ̃ʀ/ 1903:, present indicative: 1858:Imperfect indicative ( 1844: 1838: 1832: 1699: 1693: 1687: 1681: 1655: 1649: 1643: 1637: 1435: 1425: 1415: 1284: 1268: 1252: 1236: 1225: 1169: 1112: 508:first two conjugations 5516:Linguistic morphology 4788:corresponding article 4675:que tu viennes", "Il 4671:. Hence, we have "Il 4632:. Hence, we have "Ci- 4385:Adjectif verbal passé 4381:Past verbal adjective 4363:), les filles sautant 4187:", "des fruits confit 3825:(qu') ils, elles parl 3755:(il faut que) je parl 3595:(qu') ils, elles parl 3525:(il faut que) je parl 3202:Present subjunctive ( 2840:Present conditional ( 4563:adverbe verbal passé 4432:Present Infinitive ( 4412:les garçons sautants 4183:", "une poire confit 4099:le participe présent 3945:aller, avoir, savoir 3907:Sois, soyons, soyez. 3831:(qu') ils, elles fin 3761:(il faut que) je fin 3676:Subjonctif imparfait 2992:il, elle, on descend 2842:Conditionnel présent 2683:il, elle, on descend 2262: : the stem is 1316:Present indicative ( 1211:the verbs ending in 973:: for verbs such as 379:imperfect indicative 80:Phonological history 5521:Indo-European verbs 4347:), la fille sautant 3927:of verbs ending in 3880:The imperatives of 3267:ons, que vous essuy 3081:and the expression 2980:il, elle, on parler 2671:il, elle, on parler 2206:il, elle, on finiss 2082:il, elle, on finiss 2009:ons, vous tressaill 1860:Indicatif imparfait 1569:il/elle/on descend 814:For all verbs, the 85:Oaths of Strasbourg 4731:French conjugation 4334:Verbal adjective ( 4202:(1st group verbs, 3997:-en). Pense (pense 3699:/s,s,-,sjɔ̃,sje,s/ 3275:ons, que vous gagn 3263:ez, que nous essuy 3204:Subjonctif présent 3052:ils, elles descend 2986:il, elle, on finir 2743:ils, elles descend 2677:il, elle, on finir 2148:Académie française 2005:ez, nous tressaill 1977:ons, vous travaill 1786:) except verbs in 1292:and the ending is 1276:and the ending is 1260:and the ending is 1244:and the ending is 1184:and the ending is 1147:second conjugation 1127:and the ending is 1080:present infinitive 475:(He goes to work.) 394:finir (to finish), 5498: 5497: 5449:godan and ichidan 5442:Kagoshima dialect 5295: 5294: 5175: 5174: 4881:world's languages 4588:. They include: 4442:Participe présent 4434:Infinitif présent 4426:Irregular verbs: 4369:the jumping girls 4090: 4089: 3902:Aie, ayons, ayez. 3855:Impératif présent 3838: 3837: 3726:, qu'elles rougis 3722:, que vous parlas 3608: 3607: 3587:(que) vous finiss 3573:(que) nous finiss 3291:ons, que vous pri 3271:ez, que nous gagn 3199: 3198: 3144:il, elle, on parl 3059: 3058: 3040:ils, elles parler 2887:, nous travailler 2756:in future forms: 2750: 2749: 2731:ils, elles parler 2584:, nous travailler 2522: 2521: 2467:il, elle, on parl 2369:Past historic in 2341:Past historic in 2313:Past historic in 2285:Past historic in 2255: 2254: 2248:ils, elles finiss 2200:il, elle, on parl 2131: 2130: 2124:ils, elles finiss 2076:il, elle, on parl 1635:. However, verbs 1598: 1597: 1589:ils/elles descend 1332:"I am speaking". 1328:means "I speak" 1318:Indicatif présent 1201:third conjugation 1096:first conjugation 1084:Infinitif présent 997:of these endings 530:assent, que nous 371:parler (to speak) 321:Stems and endings 264: 263: 5528: 5465:Other East Asian 5041: 4953: 4870: 4863: 4856: 4847: 4813: 4801: 4774: 4768: 4762: 4747: 4653:impersonal verbs 4548: 4547: 4361:the jumping boys 4353:the jumping girl 4011: 3993:Cueille (cueille 3740: 3700: 3616: 3510: 3287:ez, que nous pri 3259:ons, que vous ri 3229: 3228:/ᵊ,ᵊ,ᵊ,jɔ̃,je,ᵊ/ 3150:il, elle, on fin 3101: 3046:ils, elles finir 2920: 2858: 2857:/ɛ,ɛ,ɛ,jɔ̃,je,ɛ/ 2737:ils, elles finir 2611: 2563: 2559: 2547: 2473:il, elle, on fin 2424: 2389: 2361: 2360:/y,y,y,ym,yt,yʀ/ 2333: 2332:/i,i,i,im,it,iʀ/ 2305: 2304:/e,a,a,ɑm,ɑt,ɛʀ/ 2157: 2033: 1959: 1958:/ɛ,ɛ,ɛ,jɔ̃,je,ɛ/ 1847: 1841: 1835: 1702: 1696: 1690: 1684: 1658: 1652: 1646: 1640: 1440: 1439:(to go/get down) 1438: 1430: 1428: 1420: 1418: 1397: 1389: 1375:Verbs ending in 1371: 1357:Verbs ending in 1353: 1352:/ᵊ,ᵊ,ᵊ,ˈɔ̃,ˈe,ᵊ/ 1339:Verbs ending in 1287: 1271: 1255: 1239: 1228: 1172: 1162: 1155: 1133: 1115: 999:must be retained 810:which tells us: 484:(Are you there?) 381:" being a tense. 293:, as well as to 256: 249: 242: 23: 16: 5536: 5535: 5531: 5530: 5529: 5527: 5526: 5525: 5501: 5500: 5499: 5494: 5476: 5460: 5454:irregular verbs 5422: 5416:deficient verbs 5389: 5363: 5357: 5321: 5291: 5265: 5244: 5228: 5171: 5084:auxiliary verbs 5062: 5032: 5011: 4959: 4944: 4938: 4883: 4874: 4831:Wayback Machine 4820: 4810: 4793: 4783: 4778: 4777: 4769: 4765: 4748: 4744: 4739: 4717: 4702:", "Les fleurs 4580: 4578:Defective verbs 4532: 4526:Verbal adverb ( 4444:) - Translation 4438:Adjectif verbal 4418:vs. verb. adj. 4345:the jumping boy 4340: 4336:Adjectif verbal 4169: 4167:Past participle 4140:The gerundive ( 4095: 3847: 3811:(que) vous parl 3797:(que) nous parl 3718:, que nous vins 3684:defective verbs 3680: 3581:(que) vous parl 3567:(que) nous parl 3545:(que) tu finiss 3255:ez, que nous ri 3208: 3186:ils, elles parl 2909:defective verbs 2846: 2546:/e,a,a,ɔ̃,e,ɔ̃/ 2531: 2509:ils, elles parl 2273: 1993:ons, vous essuy 1864: 1682:je (j'équi)vaux 1557:il/elle/on parl 1433: 1423: 1413: 1322: 1076: 1064: 842:past participle 800: 686: 504: 448:(to do, make), 426:irregular verbs 418:subject pronoun 373:and the ending 323: 285:to reflect its 271: 260: 228:Help:IPA/French 163: 162: 150: 38:French language 12: 11: 5: 5534: 5532: 5524: 5523: 5518: 5513: 5511:French grammar 5503: 5502: 5496: 5495: 5493: 5492: 5486: 5484: 5478: 5477: 5475: 5474: 5468: 5466: 5462: 5461: 5459: 5458: 5457: 5456: 5451: 5446: 5445: 5444: 5430: 5428: 5424: 5423: 5421: 5420: 5419: 5418: 5408: 5407: 5406: 5397: 5395: 5391: 5390: 5388: 5387: 5382: 5377: 5371: 5369: 5359: 5358: 5356: 5355: 5350: 5349: 5348: 5340: 5335: 5329: 5327: 5326:Other European 5323: 5322: 5320: 5319: 5314: 5313: 5312: 5303: 5301: 5297: 5296: 5293: 5292: 5290: 5289: 5288: 5287: 5279: 5273: 5271: 5267: 5266: 5264: 5263: 5258: 5252: 5250: 5246: 5245: 5243: 5242: 5236: 5234: 5230: 5229: 5227: 5226: 5221: 5220: 5219: 5211: 5210: 5209: 5204: 5196: 5195: 5194: 5183: 5181: 5177: 5176: 5173: 5172: 5170: 5169: 5168: 5167: 5162: 5152: 5151: 5150: 5142: 5137: 5136: 5135: 5127: 5126: 5125: 5117: 5116: 5115: 5107: 5106: 5105: 5100: 5090: 5089: 5088: 5087: 5086: 5072: 5070: 5064: 5063: 5061: 5060: 5059: 5058: 5053: 5044: 5038: 5034: 5033: 5031: 5030: 5029: 5028: 5019: 5017: 5013: 5012: 5010: 5009: 5004: 4999: 4998: 4997: 4989: 4988: 4987: 4982: 4971: 4969: 4950: 4947:proto-language 4940: 4939: 4937: 4936: 4935: 4934: 4929: 4924: 4919: 4914: 4909: 4899: 4894: 4888: 4885: 4884: 4875: 4873: 4872: 4865: 4858: 4850: 4844: 4843: 4838: 4833: 4819: 4818:External links 4816: 4815: 4814: 4808: 4791: 4782: 4779: 4776: 4775: 4763: 4741: 4740: 4738: 4735: 4734: 4733: 4728: 4723: 4721:French grammar 4716: 4713: 4712: 4711: 4706:", and "L'âne 4684: 4649: 4579: 4576: 4575: 4574: 4559: 4558: 4555: 4531: 4528:Adverbe verbal 4524: 4523: 4522: 4521: 4520: 4517: 4514: 4511: 4508: 4505: 4502: 4499: 4496: 4493: 4490: 4487: 4484: 4481: 4478: 4475: 4472: 4469: 4466: 4463: 4460: 4457: 4454: 4451: 4448: 4445: 4424: 4423: 4396: 4339: 4332: 4168: 4165: 4094: 4091: 4088: 4087: 4081: 4075: 4068: 4067: 4061: 4055: 4048: 4047: 4041: 4035: 4028: 4027: 4022: 4017: 4009: 4008: 4004: 4003: 3989: 3988: 3968: 3967: 3953: 3952: 3923:Note that the 3920: 3919: 3914: 3909: 3904: 3898: 3897: 3896:are irregular: 3877: 3876: 3868: 3859: 3858: 3846: 3839: 3836: 3835: 3829: 3822: 3821: 3817:(que) vous fin 3815: 3808: 3807: 3803:(que) nous fin 3801: 3794: 3793: 3787: 3780: 3779: 3773: 3766: 3765: 3759: 3752: 3751: 3746: 3738: 3737: 3733: 3732: 3710:, que tu finis 3679: 3672: 3671: 3670: 3606: 3605: 3599: 3592: 3591: 3585: 3578: 3577: 3571: 3564: 3563: 3557: 3550: 3549: 3543: 3536: 3535: 3529: 3522: 3521: 3516: 3508: 3507: 3503: 3502: 3501: 3500: 3466: 3443: 3442: 3408: 3398: 3364: 3349: 3348: 3304: 3303: 3302: 3301: 3241: 3240: 3232: 3231: 3207: 3200: 3197: 3196: 3192:ils, elles fin 3190: 3183: 3182: 3176: 3169: 3168: 3162: 3155: 3154: 3148: 3141: 3140: 3134: 3127: 3126: 3120: 3113: 3112: 3107: 3099: 3098: 3057: 3056: 3050: 3044: 3037: 3036: 3030: 3024: 3017: 3016: 3010: 3004: 2997: 2996: 2990: 2984: 2977: 2976: 2970: 2964: 2957: 2956: 2950: 2944: 2937: 2936: 2931: 2926: 2918: 2917: 2913: 2912: 2904: 2903: 2902: 2901: 2869: 2868: 2845: 2838: 2748: 2747: 2741: 2735: 2728: 2727: 2721: 2715: 2708: 2707: 2701: 2695: 2688: 2687: 2681: 2675: 2668: 2667: 2661: 2655: 2648: 2647: 2641: 2635: 2628: 2627: 2622: 2617: 2609: 2608: 2604: 2603: 2600: 2599: 2598: 2566: 2565: 2530: 2523: 2520: 2519: 2515:ils, elles fin 2513: 2506: 2505: 2499: 2492: 2491: 2485: 2478: 2477: 2471: 2464: 2463: 2457: 2450: 2449: 2443: 2436: 2435: 2430: 2422: 2421: 2417: 2416: 2394: 2393: 2392: 2391: 2381: 2380: 2366: 2365: 2364: 2363: 2353: 2352: 2338: 2337: 2336: 2335: 2325: 2324: 2310: 2309: 2308: 2307: 2297: 2296: 2272: 2269: 2268: 2267: 2253: 2252: 2246: 2239: 2238: 2232: 2225: 2224: 2218: 2211: 2210: 2204: 2197: 2196: 2190: 2183: 2182: 2176: 2169: 2168: 2163: 2155: 2154: 2151: 2129: 2128: 2122: 2115: 2114: 2108: 2101: 2100: 2094: 2087: 2086: 2080: 2073: 2072: 2066: 2059: 2058: 2052: 2045: 2044: 2039: 2031: 2030: 2026: 2025: 2024: 2023: 2001:ons, vous gagn 1989:ez, nous essuy 1962: 1961: 1946: 1945: 1911: 1896: 1895: 1863: 1856: 1855: 1854: 1853: 1852: 1849: 1839:tu (con)vaincs 1833:je (con)vaincs 1758:). Verbs with 1704: 1606: 1596: 1595: 1587: 1581: 1577:ils/elles parl 1575: 1571: 1570: 1567: 1563:il/elle/on fin 1561: 1555: 1552: 1548: 1547: 1539: 1533: 1527: 1523: 1522: 1514: 1508: 1502: 1499: 1495: 1494: 1486: 1480: 1474: 1470: 1469: 1461: 1455: 1449: 1446: 1442: 1441: 1431: 1421: 1410: 1409: 1406: 1403: 1400: 1395: 1394: 1391: 1373: 1355: 1321: 1314: 1302: 1301: 1300: 1299: 1298: 1297: 1288:– the stem is 1281: 1272:– the stem is 1265: 1256:– the stem is 1249: 1240:– the stem is 1221: 1220: 1192: 1191: 1190: 1189: 1180:, the stem is 1165: 1164: 1138: 1137: 1136: 1135: 1123:, the stem is 1108: 1107: 1075: 1068: 1063: 1060: 1059: 1058: 1007: 1006: 962: 961: 951:rons, vous cré 928: 902: 901: 854: 853: 838: 823: 799: 792: 791: 790: 760: 759: 747: 746: 725: 703: 702: 685: 682: 681: 680: 666:er: nous provo 659: 610: 609: 569: 568: 540: 503: 500: 496: 495: 494:(She blushed.) 485: 476: 414: 413: 382: 322: 319: 262: 261: 259: 258: 251: 244: 236: 233: 232: 231: 230: 225: 220: 215: 207: 206: 200: 199: 198: 197: 192: 187: 182: 174: 173: 167: 166: 165: 164: 161: 160: 154: 148: 143: 136: 132: 130: 120: 115: 107: 106: 100: 99: 98: 97: 92: 87: 82: 74: 73: 67: 66: 65: 64: 59: 54: 49: 41: 40: 34: 33: 25: 24: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 5533: 5522: 5519: 5517: 5514: 5512: 5509: 5508: 5506: 5491: 5488: 5487: 5485: 5483: 5479: 5473: 5470: 5469: 5467: 5463: 5455: 5452: 5450: 5447: 5443: 5440: 5439: 5438: 5435: 5434: 5432: 5431: 5429: 5425: 5417: 5414: 5413: 5412: 5409: 5405: 5402: 5401: 5399: 5398: 5396: 5392: 5386: 5383: 5381: 5378: 5376: 5373: 5372: 5370: 5367: 5360: 5354: 5351: 5347: 5344: 5343: 5341: 5339: 5336: 5334: 5331: 5330: 5328: 5324: 5318: 5315: 5311: 5308: 5307: 5305: 5304: 5302: 5298: 5286: 5283: 5282: 5280: 5278: 5275: 5274: 5272: 5268: 5262: 5259: 5257: 5254: 5253: 5251: 5247: 5241: 5238: 5237: 5235: 5231: 5225: 5222: 5218: 5215: 5214: 5212: 5208: 5205: 5203: 5200: 5199: 5197: 5193: 5190: 5189: 5188: 5185: 5184: 5182: 5178: 5166: 5163: 5161: 5158: 5157: 5156: 5153: 5149: 5146: 5145: 5143: 5141: 5138: 5134: 5131: 5130: 5128: 5124: 5121: 5120: 5118: 5114: 5111: 5110: 5108: 5104: 5101: 5099: 5096: 5095: 5094: 5091: 5085: 5082: 5081: 5080: 5077: 5076: 5074: 5073: 5071: 5069: 5065: 5057: 5054: 5052: 5049: 5048: 5046: 5045: 5042: 5039: 5035: 5027: 5024: 5023: 5021: 5020: 5018: 5014: 5008: 5005: 5003: 5000: 4996: 4993: 4992: 4990: 4986: 4983: 4981: 4978: 4977: 4976: 4973: 4972: 4970: 4967: 4963: 4958: 4954: 4951: 4948: 4943:Indo-European 4941: 4933: 4930: 4928: 4925: 4923: 4920: 4918: 4915: 4913: 4910: 4908: 4905: 4904: 4903: 4900: 4898: 4897:Orthographies 4895: 4893: 4890: 4889: 4886: 4882: 4878: 4871: 4866: 4864: 4859: 4857: 4852: 4851: 4848: 4842: 4839: 4837: 4834: 4832: 4828: 4825: 4822: 4821: 4817: 4811: 4809:0-521-31510-7 4805: 4800: 4799: 4792: 4789: 4785: 4784: 4780: 4773: 4767: 4764: 4760: 4758: 4752: 4746: 4743: 4736: 4732: 4729: 4727: 4724: 4722: 4719: 4718: 4714: 4709: 4705: 4701: 4697: 4693: 4689: 4685: 4682: 4678: 4674: 4670: 4666: 4662: 4658: 4654: 4650: 4647: 4643: 4639: 4635: 4631: 4627: 4623: 4619: 4615: 4611: 4607: 4603: 4599: 4595: 4591: 4590: 4589: 4587: 4586: 4577: 4572: 4571: 4570: 4568: 4564: 4556: 4553: 4552: 4551: 4549: 4541: 4537: 4529: 4525: 4518: 4515: 4512: 4509: 4506: 4503: 4500: 4497: 4494: 4491: 4488: 4485: 4482: 4479: 4476: 4473: 4470: 4467: 4464: 4461: 4458: 4455: 4452: 4449: 4446: 4443: 4439: 4435: 4431: 4430: 4429: 4428: 4427: 4421: 4417: 4413: 4410:preferred to 4409: 4405: 4401: 4397: 4394: 4390: 4386: 4382: 4378: 4374: 4370: 4366: 4362: 4358: 4354: 4350: 4346: 4342: 4341: 4337: 4333: 4331: 4329: 4325: 4321: 4317: 4313: 4309: 4305: 4301: 4297: 4293: 4289: 4285: 4281: 4277: 4273: 4269: 4265: 4261: 4257: 4253: 4249: 4245: 4241: 4237: 4233: 4229: 4225: 4221: 4217: 4213: 4209: 4205: 4201: 4196: 4194: 4190: 4186: 4182: 4178: 4174: 4166: 4164: 4161: 4159: 4155: 4151: 4147: 4143: 4138: 4136: 4132: 4128: 4124: 4120: 4116: 4112: 4108: 4104: 4100: 4092: 4086: 4082: 4080: 4076: 4074: 4070: 4069: 4066: 4062: 4060: 4056: 4054: 4050: 4049: 4046: 4042: 4040: 4036: 4034: 4030: 4029: 4026: 4023: 4021: 4018: 4016: 4013: 4012: 4006: 4005: 4002: 4000: 3996: 3991: 3990: 3986: 3985: 3980: 3979: 3974: 3970: 3969: 3966: 3964: 3960: 3955: 3954: 3950: 3946: 3942: 3938: 3934: 3930: 3926: 3922: 3921: 3918: 3915: 3913: 3910: 3908: 3905: 3903: 3900: 3899: 3895: 3891: 3887: 3883: 3879: 3878: 3875: 3873: 3869: 3867: 3865: 3861: 3860: 3856: 3852: 3851: 3850: 3844: 3840: 3834: 3830: 3828: 3824: 3823: 3820: 3816: 3814: 3810: 3809: 3806: 3802: 3800: 3796: 3795: 3792: 3788: 3786: 3782: 3781: 3778: 3774: 3772: 3769:(que) tu parl 3768: 3767: 3764: 3760: 3758: 3754: 3753: 3750: 3747: 3745: 3742: 3741: 3735: 3734: 3731: 3729: 3725: 3721: 3717: 3713: 3709: 3704: 3703: 3702: 3696: 3694: 3689: 3685: 3677: 3673: 3668: 3666: 3661: 3659: 3654: 3650: 3646: 3642: 3640: 3636:, que vous so 3635: 3633: 3629:, que nous so 3628: 3624: 3620: 3615: 3610: 3609: 3604: 3600: 3598: 3594: 3593: 3590: 3586: 3584: 3580: 3579: 3576: 3572: 3570: 3566: 3565: 3562: 3558: 3556: 3552: 3551: 3548: 3544: 3542: 3539:(que) tu parl 3538: 3537: 3534: 3530: 3528: 3524: 3523: 3520: 3517: 3515: 3512: 3511: 3505: 3504: 3499: 3497: 3493: 3489: 3485: 3481: 3477: 3471: 3467: 3465: 3463: 3459: 3453: 3449: 3448: 3445: 3444: 3441: 3439: 3435: 3431: 3427: 3423: 3419: 3413: 3409: 3407: 3403: 3399: 3397: 3395: 3391: 3387: 3383: 3379: 3375: 3369: 3365: 3363: 3361: 3355: 3351: 3350: 3346: 3342: 3338: 3334: 3330: 3326: 3322: 3318: 3314: 3310: 3306: 3305: 3300: 3296: 3294: 3290: 3286: 3282: 3278: 3274: 3270: 3266: 3262: 3258: 3254: 3250: 3245: 3244: 3243: 3242: 3238: 3234: 3233: 3225: 3223: 3218: 3214: 3210: 3209: 3205: 3201: 3195: 3191: 3189: 3185: 3184: 3181: 3177: 3175: 3171: 3170: 3167: 3163: 3161: 3157: 3156: 3153: 3149: 3147: 3143: 3142: 3139: 3135: 3133: 3129: 3128: 3125: 3121: 3119: 3115: 3114: 3111: 3108: 3106: 3103: 3102: 3096: 3095: 3094: 3092: 3088: 3084: 3080: 3076: 3072: 3068: 3064: 3055: 3051: 3049: 3045: 3043: 3039: 3038: 3035: 3031: 3029: 3025: 3023: 3019: 3018: 3015: 3011: 3009: 3005: 3003: 2999: 2998: 2995: 2991: 2989: 2985: 2983: 2979: 2978: 2975: 2971: 2969: 2965: 2963: 2959: 2958: 2955: 2951: 2949: 2945: 2943: 2939: 2938: 2935: 2932: 2930: 2927: 2925: 2922: 2921: 2915: 2914: 2910: 2906: 2905: 2900: 2898: 2894: 2891:, vous rougir 2890: 2886: 2883:, elle sortir 2882: 2878: 2873: 2872: 2871: 2870: 2866: 2862: 2861: 2860: 2854: 2852: 2843: 2839: 2837: 2835: 2831: 2827: 2823: 2819: 2815: 2811: 2807: 2803: 2799: 2795: 2791: 2787: 2783: 2779: 2775: 2771: 2767: 2763: 2759: 2755: 2746: 2742: 2740: 2736: 2734: 2730: 2729: 2726: 2722: 2720: 2716: 2714: 2710: 2709: 2706: 2702: 2700: 2696: 2694: 2690: 2689: 2686: 2682: 2680: 2676: 2674: 2670: 2669: 2666: 2662: 2660: 2656: 2654: 2650: 2649: 2646: 2642: 2640: 2636: 2634: 2630: 2629: 2626: 2623: 2621: 2618: 2616: 2613: 2612: 2606: 2605: 2601: 2597: 2595: 2591: 2588:, vous rougir 2587: 2583: 2580:, elle sortir 2579: 2575: 2570: 2569: 2568: 2567: 2555: 2551: 2550: 2549: 2543: 2541: 2536: 2528: 2524: 2518: 2514: 2512: 2508: 2507: 2504: 2500: 2498: 2494: 2493: 2490: 2486: 2484: 2480: 2479: 2476: 2472: 2470: 2466: 2465: 2462: 2458: 2456: 2452: 2451: 2448: 2444: 2442: 2438: 2437: 2434: 2431: 2429: 2426: 2425: 2419: 2418: 2415: 2413: 2409: 2405: 2401: 2396: 2395: 2385: 2384: 2383: 2382: 2378: 2377: 2372: 2368: 2367: 2357: 2356: 2355: 2354: 2350: 2349: 2344: 2340: 2339: 2329: 2328: 2327: 2326: 2322: 2321: 2316: 2312: 2311: 2301: 2300: 2299: 2298: 2294: 2293: 2288: 2284: 2283: 2282: 2280: 2279: 2278:passé composé 2270: 2265: 2261: 2257: 2256: 2251: 2247: 2245: 2241: 2240: 2237: 2233: 2231: 2227: 2226: 2223: 2219: 2217: 2213: 2212: 2209: 2205: 2203: 2199: 2198: 2195: 2191: 2189: 2185: 2184: 2181: 2177: 2175: 2171: 2170: 2167: 2164: 2162: 2159: 2158: 2152: 2149: 2145: 2144: 2139: 2138: 2133: 2132: 2127: 2123: 2121: 2117: 2116: 2113: 2109: 2107: 2103: 2102: 2099: 2095: 2093: 2089: 2088: 2085: 2081: 2079: 2075: 2074: 2071: 2067: 2065: 2061: 2060: 2057: 2053: 2051: 2047: 2046: 2043: 2040: 2038: 2035: 2034: 2028: 2027: 2022: 2020: 2017:ons, vous pri 2016: 2012: 2008: 2004: 2000: 1997:ez, nous gagn 1996: 1992: 1988: 1984: 1980: 1976: 1973:Nous travaill 1971: 1970: 1968: 1964: 1963: 1955: 1953: 1948: 1947: 1944: 1942: 1938: 1934: 1930: 1926: 1922: 1916: 1912: 1910: 1908: 1902: 1898: 1897: 1893: 1889: 1888: 1887: 1885: 1883: 1877: 1873: 1869: 1861: 1857: 1850: 1846: 1845:il (con)vainc 1840: 1834: 1830:in singular ( 1829: 1825: 1821: 1817: 1813: 1809: 1805: 1801: 1797: 1793: 1789: 1785: 1781: 1777: 1773: 1769: 1765: 1762:have endings 1761: 1757: 1753: 1749: 1745: 1742:in singular ( 1741: 1737: 1733: 1729: 1725: 1721: 1717: 1713: 1709: 1705: 1701: 1695: 1689: 1688:tu (équi)vaux 1683: 1678: 1674: 1671:in singular ( 1670: 1666: 1662: 1657: 1651: 1645: 1639: 1634: 1630: 1626: 1622: 1618: 1614: 1610: 1609: 1607: 1604: 1600: 1599: 1594: 1593: 1588: 1586: 1583:ils/elles fin 1582: 1580: 1576: 1573: 1572: 1568: 1566: 1562: 1560: 1556: 1553: 1549: 1546: 1545: 1540: 1538: 1534: 1532: 1528: 1525: 1524: 1521: 1520: 1515: 1513: 1509: 1507: 1503: 1500: 1496: 1493: 1492: 1487: 1485: 1481: 1479: 1475: 1472: 1471: 1468: 1467: 1462: 1460: 1456: 1454: 1450: 1447: 1443: 1437: 1432: 1427: 1422: 1417: 1412: 1411: 1407: 1404: 1401: 1398: 1392: 1385: 1383: 1378: 1374: 1367: 1365: 1360: 1356: 1349: 1347: 1342: 1338: 1337: 1336: 1333: 1331: 1327: 1319: 1315: 1313: 1311: 1307: 1295: 1291: 1286: 1282: 1279: 1275: 1270: 1266: 1263: 1259: 1254: 1250: 1247: 1243: 1238: 1234: 1233: 1231: 1230: 1227: 1223: 1222: 1218: 1215:and the verb 1214: 1210: 1206: 1202: 1198: 1194: 1193: 1187: 1183: 1179: 1175: 1174: 1171: 1167: 1166: 1159: 1152: 1148: 1144: 1140: 1139: 1130: 1126: 1122: 1118: 1117: 1114: 1110: 1109: 1105: 1101: 1097: 1093: 1089: 1088: 1087: 1085: 1081: 1073: 1069: 1067: 1061: 1056: 1052: 1050: 1044: 1040: 1038: 1032: 1028: 1026: 1020: 1016: 1014: 1009: 1008: 1004: 1000: 996: 992: 990: 986: 982: 978: 972: 968: 964: 963: 960: 958: 954: 950: 946: 942: 938: 932: 929: 927: 925: 921: 917: 913: 907: 904: 903: 899: 896:, etc.), the 895: 893: 889: 885: 881: 875: 874: 873: 871: 867: 863: 859: 851: 847: 843: 839: 836: 832: 828: 824: 821: 817: 813: 812: 811: 809: 805: 797: 793: 789: 787: 783: 780:ais, vous man 779: 775: 771: 767: 762: 761: 757: 753: 749: 748: 745: 743: 740:us, nous aper 739: 735: 732:evoir: j'aper 731: 726: 724: 722: 718: 714: 710: 705: 704: 700: 696: 692: 691: 690: 683: 679: 677: 674:ais, en provo 673: 670:ons, je provo 669: 665: 660: 658: 656: 652: 648: 645:er: nous navi 644: 639: 638: 637: 635: 631: 627: 623: 619: 615: 608: 606: 602: 598: 594: 590: 586: 582: 578: 577: 576: 574: 567: 565: 562:is, que nous 561: 557: 554:îtes, qu'ils 553: 549: 545: 541: 539: 537: 533: 529: 525: 521: 517: 513: 512: 511: 509: 501: 499: 493: 491: 486: 483: 482:-tu là ? 481: 477: 474: 472: 467: 466: 465: 463: 459: 455: 451: 447: 443: 439: 435: 431: 427: 423: 419: 411: 407: 403: 399: 395: 391: 387: 383: 380: 376: 372: 368: 364: 360: 359: 358: 356: 352: 348: 344: 340: 336: 332: 328: 320: 318: 316: 312: 308: 304: 300: 296: 292: 288: 284: 280: 276: 269: 257: 252: 250: 245: 243: 238: 237: 235: 234: 229: 226: 224: 221: 219: 216: 214: 211: 210: 209: 208: 205: 201: 196: 193: 191: 188: 186: 183: 181: 178: 177: 176: 175: 172: 168: 158: 155: 153: 152:passé composé 149: 147: 144: 142: 138: 137: 135: 131: 128: 124: 121: 119: 116: 114: 111: 110: 109: 108: 105: 101: 96: 93: 91: 88: 86: 83: 81: 78: 77: 76: 75: 72: 68: 63: 60: 58: 55: 53: 50: 48: 47:Langues d'oïl 45: 44: 43: 42: 39: 35: 31: 27: 26: 22: 18: 17: 5482:Austronesian 5366:Derived stem 5165:irregularity 5102: 4931: 4922:Prepositions 4797: 4766: 4756: 4754: 4750: 4745: 4726:French verbs 4707: 4703: 4699: 4695: 4691: 4687: 4683:de réussir." 4680: 4676: 4672: 4668: 4664: 4660: 4656: 4651:necessarily 4645: 4641: 4637: 4633: 4629: 4625: 4621: 4617: 4613: 4609: 4605: 4601: 4597: 4593: 4583: 4581: 4566: 4562: 4560: 4543: 4539: 4535: 4533: 4527: 4441: 4437: 4433: 4425: 4419: 4415: 4411: 4407: 4403: 4399: 4392: 4388: 4384: 4380: 4376: 4372: 4368: 4364: 4360: 4356: 4352: 4348: 4344: 4335: 4327: 4323: 4319: 4315: 4311: 4307: 4303: 4299: 4295: 4291: 4287: 4283: 4279: 4275: 4271: 4267: 4263: 4259: 4255: 4251: 4247: 4243: 4239: 4235: 4231: 4227: 4223: 4219: 4218:(2nd group; 4215: 4211: 4207: 4203: 4199: 4197: 4192: 4188: 4184: 4180: 4176: 4172: 4170: 4162: 4157: 4153: 4149: 4145: 4141: 4139: 4134: 4130: 4126: 4122: 4118: 4114: 4110: 4106: 4102: 4098: 4096: 4084: 4078: 4072: 4064: 4058: 4052: 4044: 4038: 4032: 4024: 4019: 4014: 3998: 3994: 3992: 3983: 3982: 3977: 3976: 3972: 3962: 3958: 3956: 3948: 3944: 3940: 3936: 3932: 3928: 3924: 3916: 3911: 3906: 3901: 3893: 3889: 3885: 3881: 3871: 3870: 3863: 3862: 3854: 3848: 3842: 3841:Imperative ( 3832: 3826: 3818: 3812: 3804: 3798: 3790: 3784: 3776: 3775:(que) tu fin 3770: 3762: 3756: 3748: 3743: 3727: 3723: 3719: 3715: 3711: 3707: 3705: 3692: 3691: 3687: 3681: 3675: 3664: 3663: 3662:, que vous a 3657: 3656: 3655:, que nous a 3652: 3648: 3644: 3638: 3637: 3631: 3630: 3626: 3622: 3621:, que tu soi 3618: 3602: 3596: 3588: 3582: 3574: 3568: 3560: 3554: 3546: 3540: 3532: 3526: 3518: 3513: 3495: 3491: 3487: 3483: 3479: 3475: 3473: 3469: 3461: 3457: 3455: 3451: 3437: 3433: 3429: 3425: 3421: 3417: 3415: 3411: 3405: 3401: 3393: 3389: 3385: 3381: 3377: 3373: 3371: 3367: 3359: 3357: 3353: 3344: 3340: 3336: 3332: 3328: 3324: 3320: 3316: 3312: 3308: 3298: 3292: 3288: 3284: 3280: 3276: 3272: 3268: 3264: 3260: 3256: 3252: 3248: 3246: 3236: 3221: 3220: 3216: 3212: 3203: 3193: 3187: 3179: 3173: 3165: 3159: 3151: 3145: 3137: 3131: 3123: 3117: 3109: 3104: 3090: 3086: 3082: 3078: 3074: 3070: 3066: 3062: 3060: 3053: 3047: 3041: 3033: 3032:vous descend 3027: 3021: 3013: 3012:nous descend 3007: 3001: 2993: 2987: 2981: 2973: 2967: 2961: 2953: 2947: 2941: 2933: 2928: 2923: 2896: 2895:, ils partir 2892: 2888: 2884: 2880: 2876: 2874: 2864: 2850: 2849: 2847: 2841: 2833: 2829: 2825: 2821: 2817: 2813: 2809: 2805: 2801: 2797: 2793: 2789: 2785: 2781: 2777: 2773: 2769: 2765: 2761: 2757: 2753: 2751: 2744: 2738: 2732: 2724: 2723:vous descend 2718: 2712: 2704: 2703:nous descend 2698: 2692: 2684: 2678: 2672: 2664: 2658: 2652: 2644: 2638: 2632: 2624: 2619: 2614: 2593: 2592:, ils partir 2589: 2585: 2581: 2577: 2573: 2571: 2553: 2539: 2538: 2534: 2532: 2526: 2516: 2510: 2502: 2496: 2488: 2482: 2474: 2468: 2460: 2454: 2446: 2440: 2432: 2427: 2411: 2407: 2403: 2399: 2397: 2386:(pronounced 2375: 2374: 2370: 2358:(pronounced 2347: 2346: 2342: 2330:(pronounced 2319: 2318: 2314: 2302:(pronounced 2291: 2290: 2286: 2276: 2274: 2263: 2259: 2249: 2243: 2235: 2229: 2221: 2215: 2207: 2201: 2193: 2187: 2179: 2173: 2165: 2160: 2142: 2141: 2136: 2135: 2125: 2119: 2111: 2105: 2097: 2091: 2083: 2077: 2069: 2063: 2055: 2049: 2041: 2036: 2018: 2014: 2013:ez, nous pri 2010: 2006: 2002: 1998: 1994: 1990: 1986: 1985:ons, vous ri 1982: 1978: 1974: 1972: 1966: 1951: 1950: 1940: 1936: 1932: 1928: 1924: 1920: 1918: 1914: 1906: 1904: 1900: 1891: 1881: 1879: 1875: 1871: 1867: 1865: 1859: 1827: 1823: 1819: 1815: 1811: 1807: 1803: 1799: 1795: 1791: 1787: 1783: 1779: 1775: 1771: 1767: 1763: 1759: 1755: 1751: 1747: 1743: 1739: 1735: 1731: 1727: 1723: 1719: 1715: 1711: 1707: 1676: 1672: 1668: 1664: 1660: 1632: 1628: 1624: 1620: 1616: 1612: 1602: 1591: 1590: 1584: 1578: 1564: 1558: 1543: 1542: 1541:vous descend 1536: 1530: 1518: 1517: 1511: 1505: 1490: 1489: 1488:nous descend 1483: 1477: 1465: 1464: 1458: 1452: 1388:/,,,ˈɔ̃,ˈe,/ 1381: 1380: 1376: 1363: 1362: 1358: 1345: 1344: 1340: 1334: 1329: 1325: 1323: 1317: 1309: 1305: 1303: 1293: 1289: 1277: 1273: 1261: 1257: 1245: 1241: 1216: 1212: 1208: 1204: 1200: 1196: 1185: 1181: 1177: 1157: 1150: 1146: 1143:second group 1142: 1128: 1124: 1120: 1103: 1099: 1095: 1091: 1083: 1079: 1077: 1071: 1070:Infinitive ( 1065: 1054: 1048: 1046: 1042: 1036: 1034: 1030: 1024: 1022: 1018: 1012: 1010: 1002: 998: 994: 993:, etc., the 988: 984: 980: 976: 974: 970: 966: 956: 955:rez, ils cré 952: 948: 947:ra, nous cré 944: 940: 936: 934: 930: 923: 919: 918:s, qu'il fui 915: 914:, que tu fui 911: 909: 905: 897: 891: 887: 883: 879: 877: 869: 865: 861: 857: 855: 849: 845: 834: 830: 827:finite verbs 819: 815: 807: 803: 801: 796:terminaisons 795: 785: 781: 777: 773: 769: 765: 763: 755: 751: 741: 737: 736:ois, tu aper 733: 729: 727: 720: 716: 715:e, nous avan 712: 708: 706: 694: 687: 675: 671: 667: 663: 661: 654: 653:ais, en navi 650: 649:ons, je navi 646: 642: 640: 633: 629: 625: 621: 617: 613: 611: 604: 600: 596: 592: 588: 584: 580: 579: 570: 563: 559: 555: 551: 550:irais, vous 547: 543: 542: 535: 531: 527: 523: 519: 515: 514: 505: 497: 489: 487: 479: 478: 470: 468: 461: 457: 453: 449: 445: 441: 437: 433: 429: 421: 415: 405: 401: 397: 393: 389: 385: 374: 370: 366: 362: 350: 342: 338: 334: 330: 326: 324: 272: 268:French verbs 157:passé simple 145: 95:Anglo-Norman 62:Francophonie 5437:conjugation 5394:Niger–Congo 5362:Afroasiatic 5346:conjugation 5310:conjugation 5217:conjugation 5213:Macedonian 5202:conjugation 5192:conjugation 5160:conjugation 5148:conjugation 5133:conjugation 5129:Portuguese 5123:conjugation 5113:conjugation 5098:conjugation 5079:conjugation 5051:conjugation 5026:conjugation 4995:conjugation 4912:Determiners 4892:Phonologies 4679:", and "Il 4402:instead of 4242:, etc. and 4142:le gérondif 3697:pronounced 3643:, qu'il soi 3625:, qu'il soi 3617:(que je soi 3490:ions, vous 3432:ions, vous 3388:ions, vous 3297:Exceptions: 3226:pronounced 3020:vous parler 3000:nous parler 2879:, tu parler 2855:pronounced 2816:, je conque 2711:vous parler 2691:nous parler 2576:, tu parler 2544:pronounced 2234:vous finiss 2220:nous finiss 2150:until 1835. 2110:vous finiss 2096:nous finiss 1981:ez, nous ri 1956:pronounced 1935:ions, vous 1798:in plural: 1722:instead of 1718:which have 1551:3rd person 1498:2nd person 1445:1st person 1429:(to finish) 1386:pronounced 1368:pronounced 1350:pronounced 1197:third group 1092:first group 943:ras, il cré 939:rai, tu cré 844:alone, the 784:iez, en man 776:ons, je man 772:e, nous man 719:ons, j'avan 526:as, qu'ils 473:travailler. 464:(to want): 456:(to know), 432:(to have), 396:the suffix 388:, the stem 315:conjugation 223:Aspirated h 171:Orthography 141:conjugation 5505:Categories 5285:pure verbs 5256:Hindustani 5249:Indo-Aryan 5207:morphology 5144:Sardinian 5103:morphology 4907:Adjectives 4781:References 4655:, such as 4294:(verbs in 4158:en faisant 3026:vous finir 3006:nous finir 2972:tu descend 2952:je descend 2768:, je renve 2717:vous finir 2697:nous finir 2663:tu descend 2643:je descend 1931:ait, nous 1816:convaincre 1794:(Verbs in 1650:équivaloir 1516:tu descend 1463:je descend 1419:(to speak) 1408:3rd group 1405:2nd group 1402:1st group 1232:Examples: 1047:vous brill 910:que je fui 768:er: je man 711:er: j'avan 599:ons, vous 566:issions... 522:erais, tu 440:(to say), 410:imperative 363:parlaient, 355:inchoative 190:Circumflex 146:morphology 5433:Japanese 5400:Chichewa 5353:Kabardian 5342:Georgian 5317:Hungarian 5187:Bulgarian 4980:auxiliary 4700:pullulent 4585:defective 4266:, etc.), 4226:, etc.), 4025:-re verbs 4020:-ir verbs 4015:-er verbs 3843:Impératif 3749:2nd group 3744:1st group 3714:, qu'il b 3651:(qu'il ai 3519:2nd group 3514:1st group 3494:iez, ils 3474:(que) je 3436:iez, ils 3416:(que) je 3392:iez, ils 3372:(que) je 3172:vous parl 3158:nous parl 3110:2nd group 3105:1st group 2960:tu parler 2940:je parler 2934:3rd group 2929:2nd group 2924:1st group 2810:conquérir 2800:, il éche 2651:tu parler 2631:je parler 2625:3rd group 2620:2nd group 2615:1st group 2495:vous parl 2481:nous parl 2433:2nd group 2428:1st group 2228:vous parl 2214:nous parl 2192:tu finiss 2178:je finiss 2166:2nd group 2161:1st group 2104:vous parl 2090:nous parl 2068:tu finiss 2054:je finiss 2042:2nd group 2037:1st group 1939:iez, ils 1810:). Verbs 1784:il répand 1776:je prends 1554:singular 1529:vous parl 1501:singular 1476:nous parl 1448:singular 1436:Descendre 1072:Infinitif 1011:Nous gagn 794:Endings ( 620:keep the 444:(to be), 436:(to go), 386:finissons 365:the stem 347:subject's 297:with its 283:inflected 204:Phonology 5385:Tigrinya 5306:Finnish 5277:Armenian 5261:Sanskrit 5140:Romanian 5119:Occitan 5109:Italian 5075:Catalan 4957:Germanic 4927:Pronouns 4902:Grammars 4827:Archived 4715:See also 4704:éclosent 4696:pulluler 4669:importer 4661:pleuvoir 4594:accroire 4420:résidant 4416:résident 4320:souffrir 4298: : 4290:, etc.), 4232:entendre 4007:Example: 3925:singular 3736:Example: 3506:Example: 3486:e, nous 3470:recevoir 3452:recevoir 3428:e, nous 3384:e, nous 3368:craindre 3354:craindre 3178:vous fin 3164:nous fin 3097:Example: 2966:tu finir 2946:je finir 2916:Example: 2875:Je finir 2812:(j'acque 2806:acquérir 2762:renvoyer 2657:tu finir 2637:je finir 2607:Example: 2572:Je finir 2525:Future ( 2501:vous fin 2487:nous fin 2420:Example: 2402:, je fin 2398:Je chant 2242:ils parl 2153:Example: 2118:ils parl 2029:Example: 1927:ais, il 1923:ais, tu 1808:-solvent 1800:-solvons 1780:tu mouds 1535:vous fin 1482:nous fin 1393:Example: 1326:Je parle 1023:vous voy 848:and the 840:For the 833:and the 818:and the 603:ez, ils 595:t, nous 583:oir: Je 558:issent, 428:such as 357:suffix. 180:Alphabet 127:personal 123:Pronouns 52:Dialects 30:a series 28:Part of 5490:Ilocano 5427:Japonic 5240:Persian 5233:Iranian 5224:Slovene 5155:Spanish 5068:Romance 4975:English 4879:of the 4673:fallait 4657:falloir 4626:poindre 4312:couvrir 4300:peindre 4284:maudire 4276:reclure 4272:inclure 4264:prendre 4252:pouvoir 4154:faisant 4131:sachant 4083:descend 4063:descend 4043:descend 3949:vouloir 3894:vouloir 3864:Asseoir 3805:issions 3799:assions 3482:es, il 3424:es, il 3380:es, il 3345:vouloir 3329:pouvoir 3325:falloir 3166:issions 3160:assions 3130:tu parl 3116:je parl 3079:Même si 2832:(je pou 2830:pouvoir 2796:(il che 2784:(je cou 2776:(je mou 2764:(j'enve 2758:envoyer 2453:tu parl 2439:je parl 2186:tu parl 2172:je parl 2062:tu parl 2048:je parl 1882:parlais 1812:vaincre 1804:-solvez 1796:-soudre 1792:-soudre 1752:tu bats 1744:je mets 1700:tu veux 1694:je veux 1677:tu peux 1673:je peux 1656:vouloir 1638:pouvoir 1574:Plural 1526:plural 1504:tu parl 1473:plural 1451:je parl 1158:-issant 1055:brillez 1035:nous ri 1019:gagnons 699:cedilla 571:In the 546:ir: Je 518:er: Je 462:vouloir 452:(can), 450:pouvoir 339:radix), 299:subject 218:Liaison 213:Elision 195:Braille 185:Reforms 113:Adverbs 104:Grammar 71:History 57:Creoles 5472:Korean 5404:tenses 5380:Hebrew 5375:Arabic 5338:Basque 5333:Adyghe 5300:Uralic 5281:Greek 5198:Czech 5180:Slavic 5093:French 5056:tenses 5047:Latin 5037:Italic 5022:Irish 5016:Celtic 5007:Gothic 5002:German 4991:Dutch 4962:strong 4806:  4694:, and 4692:éclore 4688:barrir 4681:s'agit 4667:, and 4665:s'agir 4630:quérir 4628:, and 4618:occire 4322:), or 4316:offrir 4308:ouvrir 4296:-indre 4260:mettre 4244:savoir 4224:partir 4220:sortir 4204:naître 4181:confit 4129:, and 4119:savoir 4117:, and 4059:issons 4001:-y)... 3931:or in 3890:savoir 3833:issent 3827:assent 3819:issiez 3813:assiez 3647:) and 3496:reçoiv 3484:reçoiv 3480:reçoiv 3478:e, tu 3476:reçoiv 3462:reçoiv 3420:e, tu 3394:craign 3390:craign 3386:craign 3382:craign 3378:craign 3376:e, tu 3374:craign 3360:craign 3343:, and 3341:valoir 3337:traire 3333:savoir 3194:issent 3188:assent 3180:issiez 3174:assiez 3136:tu fin 3122:je fin 3083:fût-ce 3054:raient 2824:(je ve 2794:échoir 2782:courir 2774:mourir 2562:/(ə)ʀ/ 2459:tu fin 2445:je fin 2410:, je v 2406:, je b 1943:aient. 1868:either 1788:-indre 1756:battre 1748:mettre 1644:valoir 1585:issent 1510:tu fin 1484:issons 1457:je fin 1416:Parler 1310:avoir, 1269:rendre 1264:/waʁ/. 1253:devoir 1237:courir 1161:/isɑ̃/ 1121:parler 987:re, br 979:er, vo 935:je cré 890:er, vo 882:er, fu 850:number 846:gender 835:number 831:person 829:, the 808:suffix 804:ending 744:evons… 678:ant... 657:ant... 591:x, il 587:x, tu 534:ions, 492:rougi. 458:valoir 454:savoir 375:-aient 343:ending 327:simple 307:number 303:person 275:French 32:on the 5411:Sotho 5270:Other 4985:modal 4932:Verbs 4917:Nouns 4877:Verbs 4751:voyez 4737:Notes 4708:brait 4677:tonne 4646:férir 4614:gésir 4610:férir 4606:ester 4602:clore 4598:choir 4546:mment 4542:with 4328:avoir 4236:boire 4212:aller 4150:faire 4127:étant 4123:ayant 4111:avoir 4105:with 4079:issez 3961:, sor 3882:avoir 3872:Payer 3777:isses 3771:asses 3720:sions 3649:avoir 3492:recev 3488:recev 3468:Verb 3458:recev 3450:Verb 3412:faire 3410:Verb 3402:faire 3400:Verb 3366:Verb 3352:Verb 3321:faire 3313:avoir 3309:aller 3217:avoir 3138:isses 3132:asses 3048:aient 3042:aient 3014:rions 2897:aient 2790:choir 2535:avoir 2517:irent 2511:èrent 2258:Verb 2250:oient 2244:oient 2126:aient 2120:aient 2021:ez... 1915:boire 1913:Verb 1901:boire 1899:Verb 1818:have 1730:have 1728:-ttre 1712:faire 1659:have 1603:-iss- 1537:issez 1426:Finir 1285:aller 1274:rend- 1248:/iʁ/. 1242:cour- 1229:etc. 1217:aller 1209:-oir, 1178:finir 1173:etc. 1125:parl- 1116:etc. 1104:aller 1053:(vs. 1043:rions 1041:(vs. 1031:voyez 1029:(vs. 1017:(vs. 967:-ions 959:ront… 931:Créer 870:faire 866:aller 858:avoir 837:; and 820:tense 806:is a 662:Provo 618:-quer 614:-guer 573:third 538:ez... 488:Elle 446:faire 434:aller 430:avoir 398:-iss- 367:parl- 351:-iss- 335:root, 311:Latin 295:agree 291:tense 134:Verbs 4966:weak 4964:and 4804:ISBN 4753:and 4642:oyez 4638:Oyez 4622:ouïr 4567:ment 4318:and 4304:-ert 4288:dire 4286:, , 4274:and 4248:voir 4240:lire 4210:and 4208:être 4175:and 4135:-ant 4115:être 4107:-ant 4103:-ons 4071:parl 4051:parl 4031:parl 3981:and 3892:and 3886:être 3884:and 3763:isse 3757:asse 3728:sent 3724:siez 3614:être 3575:ions 3569:ions 3498:ent. 3464:ent. 3440:ent. 3438:fass 3434:fass 3430:fass 3426:fass 3422:fass 3418:fass 3396:ent. 3362:ent. 3317:être 3295:ez. 3215:and 3213:être 3124:isse 3118:asse 3034:riez 3008:ions 3002:ions 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Index


a series
French language
Langues d'oïl
Dialects
Creoles
Francophonie
History
Phonological history
Oaths of Strasbourg
Ordinance of Villers-Cotterêts
Anglo-Norman
Grammar
Adverbs
Articles and determiners
Pronouns
personal
Verbs
conjugation
morphology
passé composé
passé simple
Orthography
Alphabet
Reforms
Circumflex
Braille
Phonology
Elision
Liaison

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