164:
130:
25:
968:. (Other teaching methods have been used. An alternative version of the mnemonic acronym adds a final "P" (as ...TRAMPP), to account for "passer" in the following section of "additional" être-conjugated verbs. Language evolution with time poses a challenge for this approach.)
444:. It is used to express an action that has been finished completely or incompletely at the time of speech, or at some (possibly unknown) time in the past. It originally corresponded in function to the English
1102:
pendre (to hang) - re + u = pendu (hung or sometimes hanged) vendre (to sell) - re + u = vendu (sold) entendre (to hear) - re + u = entendu (heard) attendre (to wait) - re + u = attendu (waited)
1311:, thus the masculine and feminine, singular and plural forms are all pronounced the same. Within the third-group verbs, one can find past participles ending with a mute consonant, such as
518:
is usually translated into
English as a simple past tense, "I saw", or as a present perfect would be, "I have seen". It could also be translated as emphatic past tense, "I did see".
204:
163:
396:
1084:
finir (to finish) - ir + i = fini (finished) choisir (to choose) - ir + i = choisi (chosen) grandir (to grow up) - ir + i = grandi (grown up)
1107:
The irregular past participles (which are often found with the third group verbs) must be memorized separately, of which the following are a few:
1062:
parler (to speak) - er + é = parlé (spoken) arriver (to arrive) - er + é = arrivé (arrived) manger (to eat) - er + é = mangé (eaten)
1555:
1460:
46:
97:
116:
69:
232:
511:
and non-perfect forms - although there is an important difference in usage between the perfect tense and the imperfect tense).
1291:" with the object of the action. In French, agreement is accomplished by adding an -e to the end of the past participle if the
260:
76:
222:
50:
1550:
389:
327:
199:
83:
1012:
as their auxiliary verb. A reflexive/pronominal verb is one that relates back to the speaker, either as an object e.g.
1599:
35:
1337:
may produce tricky cases), or when the past participle is used as an adjective (which is essentially the same case).
65:
54:
39:
382:
269:
172:
1604:
1288:
1380:
288:
237:
448:, but now there is a tendency to use it for all completed actions in the past as the equivalent of the
332:
90:
227:
552:
The auxiliary may actually be used similarly in any tense, leading to the French compound tenses.
189:
1569:
1292:
313:
283:
194:
1579:
1296:
656:
508:
213:
360:
355:
346:
138:
1334:
1287:
The use of the past participle in compound tenses in French is complicated by occasional "
663:
504:
500:
461:
445:
441:
422:
370:
322:
265:
180:
152:
299:
1005:
457:
337:
255:
246:
1455:
NB - agreement needed in that case, referring to the car (the object materialized by "
1307:. (Note that for verbs of the first and second group, the past participle ends with a
1593:
1347:
1300:
479:
1546:
453:
276:
129:
449:
365:
143:
24:
437:
148:
1574:
971:
In addition to these, at least two other verbs are conjugated with être:
959:
962:
1304:
1394:. (The girls came / the girls have come / the girls have arrived)
1308:
128:
465:
1489:, implies that the participle is feminine plural in that case (
452:. Its current usage corresponds fairly closely to that of the
18:
1438:. (I saw the car / I have seen the car / I did see the car)
1327:
always agrees with the subject when the auxiliary verb is
548:(The boy has gone out / the boy went out / the boy is out)
1023:, literally 'I fooled myself'), or as a dative form e.g.
1379:
auxiliary - the meaning (and construction) is that of a
539:(You spoke of something / you have spoken of something)
1514: ? (Where are my glasses? Where did I put them?)
805:(for intransitive usage) as their auxiliary verbs in
1065:
To form the past participle for second-group verbs (
1087:
To form the past participle for third-group verbs (
1043:
To form the past participle for first-group verbs (
1551:Agreement rules for the past participle in French
659:that usually indicate motion or change of state.
503:. The construction is parallel to that of the
495:is formed by the auxiliary verb, usually the
390:
8:
472:
410:
1459:" is mentioned before the participle - see
1303:in question is feminine and an -s if it is
717:all have transitive and intransitive uses.
680:(he went out / he has gone out / he is out)
662:Since some of these verbs can be used as a
53:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
1368:. (The men arrived /the men have arrived)
1346:, the past participle must agree with the
801:The following is a list of verbs that use
507:(there is no difference in French between
397:
383:
158:
1427:refers to a group of females - see above.
958:The above have been remembered using the
670:as an auxiliary in those instances; e.g.
529:(I saw something / I have seen something)
117:Learn how and when to remove this message
133:Diagram showing which verbs (apart from
1375:is needed in that case, because of the
1283:Agreement between participle and object
785:(he/she/one/it died, he/she/it is dead)
345:
312:
245:
212:
179:
1319:, and those do change pronunciation.)
1461:Accord du participe passé en français
991:(although it is only conjugated with
421:
7:
1354:the past participle in the sentence.
1039:Formation of French past participles
1019:'I'm mistaken, I made a mistake' (=
1004:In addition to the above verbs, all
134:
51:adding citations to reliable sources
471:In British teaching of French, the
690:(he took out a tool to repair it )
14:
1416:(We got up, rose / we did rise)
666:as well, they will instead take
563:The auxiliary verb is typically
162:
23:
1033:*j'ai donné du temps à moi-même
1119:(learnt/learned) atteindre:
1035:, 'I gave myself some time').
233:Ordinance of Villers-Cotterêts
1:
1131:(drunk/drunken) comprendre:
1452:(I saw it / I have seen it)
1263:(held, holden) venir:
1227:(been able to) prendre:
1167:(disappointed) découvrir:
567:'to have', but is sometimes
1340:When the auxiliary verb is
1207:(put, placed) offrir:
1147:(constructed) courir:
720:This is the conjugation of
574:This is the conjugation of
499:auxiliary, followed by the
16:Common past tense in French
1621:
1545:For more information, see
1171:(discovered) devoir:
1135:(understood) conduire:
1006:reflexive/pronominal verbs
797:(they died, they are dead)
724:, with a past participle:
578:, with a past participle:
1506: ? Où est-ce que je
1255:(surprised) suivre:
1219:(resembled) peindre:
995:when describing movement)
655:as an auxiliary verb are
1259:(followed) tenir:
1239:(received) rire:
1235:(produced) recevoir:
1195:(prepared) joindre:
1163:(believed) décevoir:
1123:(attained) avoir:
1115:(acquired) apprendre:
888:escendre – to descend –
825:evenir – to come back –
773:(you died, you are dead)
761:(you died, you are dead)
688:un outil pour le réparer
477:is usually known as the
456:. It is formed using an
261:Articles and determiners
1529:(There's the mistake )
1243:(laughed) savoir:
1223:(painted) pouvoir:
1211:(offered) ouvrir:
1183:(written) être:
1155:(covered) craindre:
987:asser – to spend/pass–
924:entrer – to re-enter –
906:etourner – to return –
639:(they (m)/they (f) saw)
1381:predicative expression
1363:Les hommes sont arrivé
1333:(beware, though, that
1215:(opened) paraître:
1199:(joined) lire:
1175:(had to) dire:
1159:(feared) croire:
1139:(driven) connaître:
966:DR and MRS VANDERTRAMP
749:(we died, we are dead)
473:
411:
156:
142:
1479:(The cars were red)
1423:would be required if
1410:Nous nous sommes levé
1350:if the direct object
1271:(lived) voir:
1247:(known) souffrir:
1231:(taken) produire:
1143:(known) construire:
1021:*j'ai trompé moi-même
933:rriver – to arrive –
908:(être) retourné(e)(s)
890:(être) descendu(e)(s)
879:aître – to be born –
816:evenir – to become –
571:'to be' (see below).
423:[pasekɔ̃poze]
147:; below each verb in
132:
1539:, feminine singular)
1491:les voitures sont vu
1389:Les filles sont venu
1323:The past participle
1275:(seen) vouloir:
1267:(come) vivre:
1251:(hurt) surprendre:
1203:(read) mettre:
1191:(done) instruire:
1187:(been) faire:
1179:(said) écrire:
223:Phonological history
47:improve this article
1419:NB : an extra
1151:(run) couvrir:
1127:(had) boire:
980:(être) décédé(e)(s)
951:artir – to leave –
935:(être) arrivé(e)(s)
926:(être) rentré(e)(s)
897:ntrer – to enter –
834:onter – to go up –
827:(être) revenu(e)(s)
818:(être) devenu(e)(s)
737:(I died, I am dead)
651:The verbs that use
629:(he/she/one/it saw)
454:Latin perfect tense
228:Oaths of Strasbourg
1600:Grammatical tenses
1570:French conjugation
1293:grammatical gender
989:(être) passé(e)(s)
978:écéder – to die –
953:(être) parti(e)(s)
917:(être) tombé(e)(s)
915:omber – to fall –
899:(être) entré(e)(s)
854:(être) sorti(e)(s)
852:ortir – to exit –
845:(être) resté(e)(s)
843:ester – to stay –
836:(être) monté(e)(s)
657:intransitive verbs
157:
1580:Perfect (grammar)
1397:NB: agreement of
944:(être) mort(e)(s)
942:ourir – to die –
872:(être) allé(e)(s)
863:(être) venu(e)(s)
861:enir – to come –
407:
406:
127:
126:
119:
101:
1612:
1559:
1358:Examples :
1335:pronominal verbs
537:de quelque chose
476:
435:
432:
429:
425:
420:
416:
399:
392:
385:
166:
159:
135:pronominal verbs
122:
115:
111:
108:
102:
100:
59:
27:
19:
1620:
1619:
1615:
1614:
1613:
1611:
1610:
1609:
1590:
1589:
1588:
1566:
1553:
1519:Voilà l'erreur
1477:étaient rouges.
1371:NB: agreement,
1285:
1280:
1104:
1085:
1063:
1041:
1002:
1000:Reflexive forms
881:(être) né(e)(s)
870:ller – to go –
664:transitive verb
649:
561:
505:present perfect
501:past participle
489:
462:past participle
446:present perfect
442:French language
433:
430:
427:
418:
403:
371:Help:IPA/French
306:
305:
293:
181:French language
153:past participle
123:
112:
106:
103:
66:"Passé composé"
60:
58:
44:
28:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1618:
1616:
1608:
1607:
1605:French grammar
1602:
1592:
1591:
1587:
1584:
1583:
1582:
1577:
1572:
1565:
1562:
1543:
1542:
1541:
1540:
1516:
1499:
1498:
1497:
1466:
1465:
1464:
1457: l'
1439:
1430:
1429:
1428:
1407:
1406:
1405:
1386:
1385:
1384:
1356:
1355:
1338:
1284:
1281:
1110:
1109:
1108:
1101:
1083:
1071:-ISSANT gerund
1061:
1051:too, drop the
1040:
1037:
1016:me suis trompé
1001:
998:
997:
996:
982:
956:
955:
946:
937:
928:
919:
910:
901:
892:
883:
874:
865:
856:
847:
838:
829:
820:
799:
798:
786:
774:
762:
750:
738:
692:
691:
681:
648:
642:
641:
640:
630:
620:
610:
600:
590:
560:
554:
550:
549:
540:
530:
488:
485:
458:auxiliary verb
440:in the modern
405:
404:
402:
401:
394:
387:
379:
376:
375:
374:
373:
368:
363:
358:
350:
349:
343:
342:
341:
340:
335:
330:
325:
317:
316:
310:
309:
308:
307:
304:
303:
297:
291:
286:
279:
275:
273:
263:
258:
250:
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243:
242:
241:
240:
235:
230:
225:
217:
216:
210:
209:
208:
207:
202:
197:
192:
184:
183:
177:
176:
168:
167:
125:
124:
31:
29:
22:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1617:
1606:
1603:
1601:
1598:
1597:
1595:
1585:
1581:
1578:
1576:
1573:
1571:
1568:
1567:
1563:
1561:
1557:
1552:
1548:
1538:
1534:
1531:
1530:
1528:
1526:
1522:
1517:
1515:
1513:
1509:
1505:
1500:
1495:
1494:
1488:
1484:
1481:
1480:
1478:
1476:
1472:
1469:Les voitures
1467:
1463:for details).
1462:
1458:
1454:
1453:
1451:
1449:
1445:
1440:
1437:
1436:
1431:
1426:
1422:
1418:
1417:
1415:
1413:
1408:
1403:
1402:
1396:
1395:
1393:
1392:
1387:
1383:in that case.
1382:
1378:
1374:
1370:
1369:
1367:
1366:
1361:
1360:
1359:
1353:
1349:
1348:direct object
1345:
1344:
1339:
1336:
1332:
1331:
1326:
1322:
1321:
1320:
1318:
1314:
1310:
1306:
1302:
1301:direct object
1298:
1294:
1290:
1282:
1278:
1274:
1270:
1266:
1262:
1258:
1254:
1250:
1246:
1242:
1238:
1234:
1230:
1226:
1222:
1218:
1214:
1210:
1206:
1202:
1198:
1194:
1190:
1186:
1182:
1178:
1174:
1170:
1166:
1162:
1158:
1154:
1150:
1146:
1142:
1138:
1134:
1130:
1126:
1122:
1118:
1114:
1111:acquérir:
1106:
1105:
1100:
1098:
1094:
1090:
1082:
1080:
1076:
1072:
1068:
1060:
1058:
1054:
1050:
1046:
1038:
1036:
1034:
1030:
1028:
1027:me suis donné
1022:
1018:
1017:
1011:
1007:
999:
994:
990:
986:
983:
981:
977:
974:
973:
972:
969:
967:
964:
961:
954:
950:
947:
945:
941:
938:
936:
932:
929:
927:
923:
920:
918:
914:
911:
909:
905:
902:
900:
896:
893:
891:
887:
884:
882:
878:
875:
873:
869:
866:
864:
860:
857:
855:
851:
848:
846:
842:
839:
837:
833:
830:
828:
824:
821:
819:
815:
812:
811:
810:
808:
807:passé composé
804:
796:
793:
790:
787:
784:
781:
778:
775:
772:
769:
766:
763:
760:
757:
754:
751:
748:
745:
742:
739:
736:
733:
730:
727:
726:
725:
723:
718:
716:
712:
708:
704:
700:
696:
689:
687:
682:
679:
678:
673:
672:
671:
669:
665:
660:
658:
654:
647:
643:
638:
636:
631:
628:
626:
621:
618:
616:
611:
608:
606:
601:
598:
596:
591:
588:
586:
581:
580:
579:
577:
572:
570:
566:
559:
555:
553:
547:
546:
541:
538:
536:
531:
528:
527:quelque chose
526:
521:
520:
519:
517:
516:passé composé
512:
510:
506:
502:
498:
494:
493:passé composé
486:
484:
482:
481:
480:perfect tense
475:
474:passé composé
469:
467:
463:
459:
455:
451:
447:
443:
439:
431:compound past
424:
415:
414:
413:passé composé
400:
395:
393:
388:
386:
381:
380:
378:
377:
372:
369:
367:
364:
362:
359:
357:
354:
353:
352:
351:
348:
344:
339:
336:
334:
331:
329:
326:
324:
321:
320:
319:
318:
315:
311:
301:
298:
296:
295:passé composé
292:
290:
287:
285:
281:
280:
278:
274:
271:
267:
264:
262:
259:
257:
254:
253:
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220:
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206:
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201:
198:
196:
193:
191:
190:Langues d'oïl
188:
187:
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182:
178:
174:
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169:
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131:
121:
118:
110:
99:
96:
92:
89:
85:
82:
78:
75:
71:
68: –
67:
63:
62:Find sources:
56:
52:
48:
42:
41:
37:
32:This article
30:
26:
21:
20:
1547:French verbs
1544:
1536:
1535:relative to
1532:
1524:
1520:
1518:
1511:
1507:
1504:mes lunettes
1503:
1501:
1492:
1490:
1487:Les voitures
1486:
1485:relative to
1482:
1474:
1470:
1468:
1456:
1447:
1443:
1441:
1434:
1432:
1424:
1420:
1411:
1409:
1404:, see above.
1400:
1398:
1390:
1388:
1376:
1372:
1364:
1362:
1357:
1351:
1342:
1341:
1329:
1328:
1324:
1316:
1312:
1286:
1276:
1272:
1268:
1264:
1260:
1256:
1252:
1248:
1244:
1240:
1236:
1232:
1228:
1224:
1220:
1216:
1212:
1208:
1204:
1200:
1196:
1192:
1188:
1184:
1180:
1176:
1172:
1168:
1164:
1160:
1156:
1152:
1148:
1144:
1140:
1136:
1132:
1128:
1124:
1120:
1116:
1112:
1096:
1092:
1091:), drop the
1088:
1086:
1078:
1074:
1073:), drop the
1070:
1066:
1064:
1056:
1052:
1048:
1044:
1042:
1032:
1026:
1024:
1020:
1015:
1013:
1009:
1003:
992:
988:
984:
979:
975:
970:
965:
957:
952:
948:
943:
939:
934:
930:
925:
921:
916:
912:
907:
903:
898:
894:
889:
885:
880:
876:
871:
867:
862:
858:
853:
849:
844:
840:
835:
831:
826:
822:
817:
813:
806:
802:
800:
794:
791:
788:
782:
779:
776:
770:
767:
764:
758:
755:
752:
746:
743:
740:
734:
731:
728:
721:
719:
714:
710:
706:
702:
698:
694:
693:
685:
683:
676:
674:
667:
661:
652:
650:
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634:
632:
624:
622:
614:
612:
604:
602:
594:
592:
584:
582:
575:
573:
568:
564:
562:
557:
551:
544:
542:
534:
532:
524:
522:
515:
513:
496:
492:
490:
478:
470:
412:
408:
300:passé simple
294:
238:Anglo-Norman
205:Francophonie
151:form is the
113:
104:
94:
87:
80:
73:
61:
45:Please help
33:
1554: [
623:il/elle/on
487:Conjugation
450:simple past
366:Aspirated h
314:Orthography
284:conjugation
1594:Categories
1586:References
1435:la voiture
777:il/elle/on
644:Auxiliary
633:ils/elles
556:Auxiliary
543:Le garçon
438:past tense
419:pronounced
333:Circumflex
289:morphology
149:infinitive
139:conjugated
107:April 2022
77:newspapers
1575:Preterite
1523:j'ai fait
1289:agreement
1279:(wanted)
1169:découvert
1145:construit
1089:-RE verbs
1067:-IR verbs
1045:-ER verbs
789:ils/elles
711:retourner
703:descendre
677:est sorti
619:(you saw)
609:(you saw)
545:est sorti
347:Phonology
34:does not
1564:See also
1537:l'erreur
1502:Où sont
1433:J'ai vu
1352:precedes
1249:souffert
1193:instruit
1095:and add
1077:and add
1055:and add
1029:du temps
960:mnemonic
795:mort(e)s
771:mort(e)s
747:mort(e)s
599:(we saw)
535:as parlé
460:and the
323:Alphabet
270:personal
266:Pronouns
195:Dialects
173:a series
171:Part of
1473:j'ai vu
1297:subject
1295:of the
1253:surpris
1233:produit
1153:couvert
1137:conduit
1133:compris
1121:atteint
963:acronym
783:mort(e)
759:mort(e)
735:mort(e)
686:a sorti
589:(I saw)
509:perfect
436:) is a
361:Liaison
356:Elision
338:Braille
328:Reforms
256:Adverbs
247:Grammar
214:History
200:Creoles
91:scholar
55:removed
40:sources
1549:, and
1510:ai mis
1325:almost
1305:plural
1213:ouvert
1209:offert
1157:craint
1117:appris
1113:acquis
1047:) and
744:sommes
715:passer
713:, and
707:entrer
699:monter
695:Sortir
175:on the
137:) are
93:
86:
79:
72:
64:
1558:]
1446:ai vu
1343:avoir
1309:vowel
1277:voulu
1257:suivi
1221:peint
1197:joint
1181:écrit
1149:couru
1141:connu
1069:with
1049:aller
668:avoir
613:vous
595:avons
593:nous
576:avoir
565:avoir
558:avoir
525:ai vu
497:avoir
464:of a
277:Verbs
141:with
98:JSTOR
84:books
1425:nous
1412:(e)s
1399:venu
1377:être
1330:être
1317:fait
1315:and
1269:vécu
1265:venu
1261:tenu
1237:reçu
1229:pris
1217:paru
1189:fait
1165:déçu
1010:être
1008:use
993:être
803:être
792:sont
768:êtes
765:vous
741:nous
732:suis
722:être
653:être
646:être
615:avez
569:être
514:The
491:The
466:verb
409:The
144:être
70:news
38:any
36:cite
1533:que
1521:que
1508:les
1483:que
1471:que
1442:Je
1313:mis
1299:or
1205:mis
1185:été
1177:dit
1161:cru
1093:-re
1075:-ir
1053:-er
1031:(=
1025:Je
1014:Je
780:est
684:Il
675:Il
635:ont
603:tu
533:Tu
49:by
1596::
1560:.
1556:fr
1512:es
1496:).
1493:es
1475:es
1444:l'
1401:es
1391:es
1273:vu
1245:su
1241:ri
1225:pu
1201:lu
1173:dû
1129:bu
1125:eu
1099:.
1097:-u
1081:.
1079:-i
1059:.
1057:-é
809::
756:es
753:tu
729:je
709:,
705:,
701:,
697:,
637:vu
627:vu
617:vu
607:vu
605:as
597:vu
587:vu
585:ai
583:j’
523:J'
483:.
468:.
426:;
1527:.
1525:e
1450:.
1448:e
1421:e
1414:.
1373:s
1365:s
985:P
976:D
949:P
940:M
931:A
922:R
913:T
904:R
895:E
886:D
877:N
868:A
859:V
850:S
841:R
832:M
823:R
814:D
625:a
434:'
428:'
417:(
398:e
391:t
384:v
302:)
282:(
272:)
268:(
155:.
120:)
114:(
109:)
105:(
95:·
88:·
81:·
74:·
57:.
43:.
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