1438:
529:
33:
770:
716:, and was connected to two armored decks; the upper deck was 54 mm (2.1 in) thick while the lower deck was 51 mm (2 in) thick, with 70 mm (2.8 in) sloped sides. The main battery guns were protected by up to 360 mm (14.2 in) of armor on the fronts of the turrets, while the secondary turrets had 156 mm (6.1 in) of armor on the faces. The casemates were protected with 174 mm (6.9 in) of steel plate. The
1057:, on a cruise to Bizerte in company with the rest of the fleet. They arrived two days later and held a fleet review that included two British battleships, two Italian battleships, and a Spanish cruiser on 19 April. The fleet returned to Toulon on 29 April, where Fallières doubled the crews' rations and suspended any punishments to thank the men for their performance. By 1 August, the battleships of the
54:
1197:
1193:. On 20 August, the alarm was sounded aboard the ship in Toulon when crewmen noticed thick black smoke pouring from the magazines, prompting fears that the magazines had caught fire. Instead, it turned out that there was a problem with the ventilation system from the boiler rooms, leading to an accumulation of smoke in the boilers.
1756:
on 1 December to support the coup, but they were quickly defeated by the royalist Greek Army. In response, the
British and French fleet imposed a blockade of the royalist-controlled parts of the country. By June 1917, the French and British began to prepare to intervene more directly in the country,
748:
were removed and the two on the aft superstructure were moved to the roof of the rear turret. On 8 December 1915, the naval command issued orders that the light battery was to be revised to eight of the 47 mm guns and ten 65 mm (2.6 in) guns. The light battery was revised again in
738:
to allow the 305 mm guns to be aimed continuously. Tests to determine whether the main battery turrets could be modified to increase the elevation of the guns (and hence their range) proved to be impossible, but the Navy determined that tanks on either side of the vessel could be flooded to
743:
of 2 degrees. This increased the maximum range of the guns from 12,500 to 13,500 m (13,700 to 14,800 yd). New motors were installed in the secondary turrets in 1915–1916 to improve their training and elevation rates. Also in 1915, the 47 mm guns located on either side of the
1212:
and the rest of the 2nd
Squadron took part in training exercises off Le Lavandou. The French fleet, which by then included sixteen battleships, held large-scale maneuvers between Toulon and Sardinia beginning on 19 May. The exercises concluded with a fleet review for President
1494:. Boué de Lapeyrère then took the fleet into the Adriatic in an attempt to force a battle with the Austro-Hungarian fleet; the following morning, the British and French cruisers spotted vessels in the distance that, on closing with them, turned out to be the protected cruiser
1604:
to test the defenses. The
British battlecruisers attacked the fortifications on the European side of the straits, while the French battleships engaged those on the Asian side; both groups made a single pass past their targets that lasted about ten minutes.
1072:-class ships to the 2nd Squadron. On 4 September, both squadrons held a major fleet review for Fallières off Toulon. The fleet then departed on 11 September for maneuvers off Golfe-Juan and Marseille, returning to Toulon on 16 September. On 25 September,
749:
1916, with the four 47 mm guns being converted with high-angle anti-aircraft mounts. They were placed atop the rear main battery turret and the number 7 and 8 secondary turret roofs. In 1912–1913, the ship received two 2 m (6 ft 7 in)
1805:, the unit was renamed the Salonika Division, meant to counter the possibility of a sortie by Russian warships that had been captured by the Germans at Sevastopol earlier that year. This arrangement did not last long, however, as in July,
1025:
on 18 February 1910. The ships of the 1st
Squadron held training exercises off Sardinia and Algeria from 21 May to 4 June, followed by combined maneuvers with the 2nd Squadron from 7 to 18 June. An outbreak of
1182:
aboard. Boué de Lapeyrère inspected both battleship squadrons in Golfe-Juan from 2 to 12 July, after which the ships cruised first to
Corsica and then to Bizerte. From there, Boué de Lapeyrère transferred to
1783:-class battleships. They remained in Corfu, largely immobilized due to shortages of coal, preventing training or any significant operations, which had a negative effect on crew efficiency and morale.
1301:
The 2nd
Squadron moved to Les Salins in early 1914, where they conducted torpedo training on 19 January. Later that month they steamed to Bizerte before returning to Toulon on 6 February. On 4 March,
1371:
on 1 August. The next day, Boué de Lapeyrère ordered the entire French fleet to begin raising steam at 22:15 so the ships could sortie early the next day. Faced with the prospect that the German
971:
did not operate with the 2nd
Division in the first half of 1909. Instead, she joined the rest of the fleet on 27 July for a naval review with the combined Mediterranean and Northern Squadrons in
1633:
and the French ships inflicted significant casualties on the
Ottoman garrison, with estimates ranging from 150 to 600 killed and wounded. Guépratte's squadron, which shortly consisted of
1088:, though her crew avoided any casualties. Despite the accident, the fleet continued with its normal routine of training exercises and cruises for the rest of the year. These included trips to
398:, but mounted ten 194 mm (7.6 in) guns for her secondary armament in place of the 164 mm (6.5 in) guns of the earlier vessels. Like many late pre-dreadnought designs,
1526:
on 1 September in an attempt to draw out the Austro-Hungarian fleet, which again refused to take the bait. In addition, many of the ships still had shells loaded from the battle with
498:
until mid-December, when she left the area. She saw little activity until 1916 when the Allies began an effort to force Greece to enter the war on their side; she shot down a German
440:. She then embarked on the normal peacetime training routine of squadron and fleet maneuvers and cruises to various ports in the Mediterranean. She also participated in several
1771:, but before they could intervene, Constantine abdicated in favor of a pro-Allied government and the Allies lifted the blockade on 16 June. The 3rd Squadron was disbanded, and
1703:, and so he was reluctant to go to war against his brother-in-law, but by that time the French and British had grown weary over his refusal to enter the war on the side of the
1530:, and the guns could not be emptied apart from by firing them. On 18–19 September, the fleet made another incursion into the Adriatic, steaming as far north as the island of
1519:
attempted to evade, but she quickly received several hits that disabled her engines and set her on fire. She sank shortly thereafter and the Anglo-French fleet withdrew.
933:. The 2nd Division ships visited Bizerte in October. The entire squadron was moored in Villefranche in February 1909 and thereafter conducted training exercises off
1030:
among the crews of the battleships in early
December forced the navy to confine them to Golfe-Juan to contain the fever. By 15 December, the outbreak had subsided.
1437:
1054:
1257:. They reached Brest on 20 September, where they met a Russian squadron of four battleships and five cruisers. The ships then steamed back south, stopping in
1837:
1735:
forming the 3rd
Squadron, which was tasked with pressuring the Greek government. Over the course of June and July, the ships alternated between Salonika and
652:(15,600 km; 9,700 mi) at a cruising speed of 10 knots (19 km/h; 12 mph). She had a crew of 32 officers and 710 enlisted men.
914:
433:
1388:
carrying the French Army in North Africa to metropolitan France, the French fleet was tasked with providing heavy escort to the convoys. Accordingly,
1347:
756:. To direct the anti-aircraft guns, she received a 0.8 m (2 ft 7 in) rangefinder, which was installed on the aft superstructure.
648:(33 km/h; 21 mph). Coal storage amounted to 1,800 t (1,800 long tons; 2,000 short tons), which provided a maximum range of 8,400
1813:
returned to the 2nd Squadron, where they again faced the coal shortages that crippled French fleet operations. In late October, members of the
1613:
at a speed of 15 knots (28 km/h; 17 mph), closing to ranges between 12,000 to 13,000 m (13,000 to 14,000 yd) to shell the
1511:, Boué de Lapeyrère initially ordered his battleships to fire warning shots, but this caused confusion among the fleet's gunners that allowed
2498:
2373:
2354:
2333:
2295:
2237:
666:
282:
1145:
of Britain, then returning from their voyage to India that year. The 2nd Squadron conducted in maneuvers in April 1912, and on 25 April,
1405:
678:
288:
2314:
1840:, unlike her sisters. She was reduced to reserve status on 1 August 1919 and did not see further service. She was stricken from the
1043:
789:
1582:
1341:
827:
552:
510:
saw little further activity for the rest of the war, was placed in reserve in 1919 after the war ended, and was sold to Italian
2440:
1002:
733:
528:
2503:
983:
and the other 2nd Division battleships departed Brest, bound for the United States. There they represented France during the
834:
2456:
984:
545:
449:
376:
2479:
1644:
1638:
686:
294:
228:
2419:
2384:
1799:
928:
32:
975:
for Fallières and Nicholas II, who was visiting the country at the time. A major reception for the two was held aboard
1421:
1415:
1224:
1217:. Gunnery practice followed from 1 to 4 July. The 2nd Squadron departed Toulon on 23 August with the armored cruisers
1124:
1050:
2405:
523:
369:
131:
913:
departed Brest for Toulon on 15 September, arriving there on 1 October. She was assigned to the 2nd Division of the
1218:
1188:
849:
551:, which was to total six ships. After work on the first two ships had begun, the British began construction of the
137:
1337:, Corsica; from there, she carried Gauthier to Bizerte. After arriving there on 24 May, he transferred to the new
1269:, and Bizerte before ultimately arriving back in Toulon on 1 November. During this cruise, while moored in Cádiz,
2426:
1650:
1277:
1016:
950:
918:
1596:
When the predicted sortie of the German and Ottoman ships failed to materialize, the British commander, Admiral
1557:
1397:
1354:
prompted the fleet to remain close to port, making only short training sorties as international tensions rose.
1112:
996:
956:
843:
1084:
gel in her propellant magazines. Debris hurled by the explosion damaged several nearby battleships, including
1046:
444:
for a number of French and foreign dignitaries. In September 1909, the ships of the 2nd Division crossed the
2465:
1692:
1552:. The French and British fleets began to amass a naval force that could defend against a possible sortie by
1461:
1282:. Her stokers quickly got steam up in the boilers, which enabled her to avoid the collision. On 3 December,
1058:
562:
of 9.2-inch (230 mm) guns, which prompted the French Naval General Staff to request that the last four
801:
on 28 May 1907, and completed on 11 September 1908, over a year after the revolutionary British battleship
1564:
1372:
1118:
858:
802:
753:
690:
403:
300:
1704:
1601:
1469:
903:
487:
475:
1545:
1164:, left Toulon on 21 May for a set of exercises held between Marseilles and Villefranche; while at sea,
567:
769:
1766:
1671:, Bulgaria. The British and French were concerned with maintaining naval strength elsewhere, and so
1077:
1629:
employed her 305 mm main battery. The battlecruisers destroyed the magazine in the fortress at
1484:
1322:
1274:
1214:
864:
625:
609:
471:
421:
2271:
Naval Operations: From The Battle of the Falklands to the Entry of Italy Into the War in May 1915
1684:
1508:
1477:
1454:
888:
559:
483:
413:
383:
1089:
486:
in August. The ship was transferred to the Dardanelles Division in September, bombarded Ottoman
1821:
with the British and French, signaling the end of the war. The 2nd Squadron ships were sent to
1242:
2369:
2350:
2329:
2310:
2291:
2274:
2257:
2233:
1700:
1696:
1473:
745:
702:
637:
633:
566:
s be redesigned to include a heavier secondary battery in response. Ironically, the designer,
202:
196:
1618:
1464:
as the war continued to widen. The 1st and 2nd Squadrons were therefore sent to the southern
1346:
for the voyage back to France. The squadron visited various ports in June, but following the
1233:
to conduct training exercises in the Atlantic. While en route to Brest, the ships stopped in
2226:
1597:
1262:
750:
1588:
1392:
and the rest of the 2nd Squadron were sent to Algiers, where they joined a group of seven
1326:
1187:
for the voyage back to Toulon, and upon arriving there shifted his flag to the battleship
855:
831:
809:
713:
629:
601:
358:
222:
1723:
conducting reconnaissance in the area. In June, the fleet was formally reorganized, with
2343:
Preston, Antony (1985). "Great Britain". In Gardiner, Robert & Gray, Randal (eds.).
2247:
1841:
1822:
1814:
1668:
1431:
1393:
1130:
1081:
1064:
had begun to enter service, and they were assigned to the 1st Squadron, displacing the
798:
674:
597:
495:
167:
1321:, Sardinia. On 30 March, the 2nd Squadron ships steamed to Malta to visit the British
2492:
2344:
1849:
1691:
to put pressure on the Greek government, which had remained neutral in the war. King
1540:
1376:
1318:
717:
649:
332:
253:
2251:
474:
to face the Germans invading northern France. She thereafter steamed to contain the
1630:
1531:
1465:
1368:
1250:
1142:
1097:
988:
938:
698:
694:
662:
605:
575:
511:
479:
441:
391:
306:
1522:
On 1 September, the French battleships then bombarded Austrian fortifications at
1757:
and elements of the French fleet was dispersed throughout ports in the country.
1351:
1338:
1179:
1093:
818:
784:
645:
456:
365:
338:
241:
1196:
578:
than the smaller 164 mm (6.5 in) guns that had been selected for the
574:
class, but the General Staff had rejected it since the larger guns had a lower
1752:, which the Allies sought to support. Several French ships sent men ashore in
1748:
1740:
1688:
1660:
1379:
1317:
joined the 1st Squadron battleships and the 2nd Light Squadron for a visit to
1246:
880:
868:
709:
670:
641:
582:
design. Because the ships were broadly similar apart from their armament, the
491:
425:
361:
326:
320:
206:
2278:
2261:
1367:
Following the outbreak of World War I in July 1914, France announced general
2399:
1818:
1495:
1442:
1426:, which took over as the convoy's escort. Instead of attacking the convoys,
1385:
1254:
1157:
884:
840:
621:
464:
147:
1154:
375:, which included three other vessels and was a derivative of the preceding
1746:
In August, a pro-Allied group launched a coup against the monarchy in the
1720:
1712:
1656:
1502:
1448:
1258:
1230:
1138:
1134:
972:
924:
816:
outdated before they were completed. Before entering service, on 5 July,
794:
682:
617:
503:
499:
445:
155:
1625:
expended a total of twenty-five 194 mm shells at the targets while
1538:
was detached to reinforce the Dardanelles Division under the command of
1507:, which were trying to blockade the coast of Montenegro. In the ensuing
1762:
1614:
1549:
1491:
1334:
1266:
1234:
1027:
962:
934:
872:
740:
256:(15,600 km; 9,700 mi) at 10 knots (19 km/h; 12 mph)
987:, which marked the 300th anniversary of the European discovery of the
1880:
1878:
1876:
1845:
1753:
1736:
1664:
1663:
that was being shipped into the Ottoman Empire either by the port of
1556:
from the Dardanelles; the fleet comprised the British battlecruisers
1174:
467:
437:
906:
visited the ships. The squadron arrived back in Brest on 6 August.
1523:
1436:
1238:
1195:
896:
768:
613:
527:
151:
1775:
returned to the 2nd Squadron on 1 July, which included the other
2224:
Campbell, N. J. M. (1979). "France". In Gardiner, Robert (ed.).
1325:, remaining there until 3 April. On 21 May, the Naval Minister,
1273:
broke free from her anchor and nearly collided with the Spanish
1022:
900:
2403:
2253:
Naval Operations: To The Battle of the Falklands, December 1914
728:
Over the course of 1912 through 1914, the navy tried to modify
382:, with the primary difference being the inclusion of a heavier
1659:
of the Dardanelles. They were also tasked with patrolling for
697:. The ship was also armed with two 450 mm (17.7 in)
544:-class battleships were originally intended to be part of the
1786:
In March 1918, the ship was transferred to Mudros to replace
830:
came aboard the ship to command a flotilla that included the
1430:
bombarded Bône and Philippeville and then fled east to the
941:
in Villefranche for Fallières on 26 April. On 30 December,
1711:
joined the former members of the Dardanelles Division in
506:
in May and joined a blockade of the country in December.
402:
was completed after the revolutionary British battleship
1687:
in early 1916, the French began gathering forces in the
1080:
explosion, the result of the spontaneous combustion of
1400:
aboard. While at sea, the new dreadnought battleships
604:
of 24.25 m (79 ft 7 in) and an average
1460:
On 12 August, France and Britain declared war on the
1298:
conducted torpedo training and range-finding drills.
879:, and then continued on into the Baltic, stopping in
2349:. Annapolis: Naval Institute Press. pp. 1–104.
1739:, and later that month the fleet was transferred to
586:
s are sometimes considered to be a sub-class of the
2232:. London: Conway Maritime Press. pp. 283–333.
965:, Sicily to help survivors of an earthquake there.
368:in the mid-1900s. She was the second member of the
2273:. Vol. II. London: Longmans, Green & Co.
2225:
1472:. On 15 August, the two squadrons arrived off the
991:. The ships arrived back in Toulon on 27 October.
681:; six were mounted in single turrets, and four in
409:had entered service and rendered her obsolescent.
2346:Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1906–1921
2256:. Vol. I. London: Longmans, Green & Co.
2228:Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1860–1905
1476:, where they met the patrolling British cruisers
2208:
2196:
2184:
2172:
2160:
2124:
2112:
2076:
2064:
2040:
2028:
2016:
2004:
1992:
1956:
1944:
1932:
1908:
1896:
1884:
1867:
1600:, ordered the four ships to bombard the Ottoman
448:to the United States to represent France at the
394:of four 305 mm (12 in) guns, like the
1836:returned to France and was not involved in the
1160:for gunnery training. The two ships, joined by
2366:The Naval Policy of Austria-Hungary, 1867–1918
1675:left the Dardanelles Division on 18 December.
1055:Minister of Public Works, Posts and Telegraphs
2385:"French Battleship Blown up in Toulon Harbor"
2324:Jordan, John & Caresse, Philippe (2017).
1790:on the Eastern Division. With the arrival of
667:305 mm (12 in) Modèle 1893/96 guns
8:
1838:Allied intervention in the Russian Civil War
1825:to oversee the surrender of Ottoman forces.
1683:Following the evacuation of forces from the
1655:(his flagship), was employed as part of the
1178:(Admiral) Boué de Lapeyrère and the British
720:had 266 mm (10.5 in) thick sides.
2368:. West Lafayette: Purdue University Press.
1581:were to engage the old Ottoman battleships
1396:that had a contingent of 7,000 troops from
608:of 8.2 m (26 ft 11 in). She
2400:
1204:spent the majority of her peacetime career
712:was 280 mm (11 in) thick in the
701:, which were submerged in the hull on the
679:194 mm (7.6 in) Modèle 1902 guns
596:was 135.25 meters (443 ft 9 in)
490:in November, and thereafter patrolled for
470:carrying elements of the French Army from
428:in 1908. After formally entering service,
2290:. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.
1348:assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand
691:47 mm (1.9 in) Modèle 1902 guns
687:65 mm (2.6 in) Modèle 1902 guns
677:. The secondary battery consisted of ten
2148:
2136:
2088:
2052:
1453:under fire from the French fleet at the
1200:Map of the western Mediterranean, where
570:, had proposed such an armament for the
432:was assigned to the 2nd Division of the
1860:
685:in the hull. She also carried thirteen
626:vertical triple-expansion steam engines
1021:for a simulated attack on the port of
624:. The battleship was powered by three
166:135.25 meters (443 ft 9 in)
22:
2383:Windsor, H. H., ed. (November 1911).
1844:on 18 May 1921, and she was towed to
909:After commissioning on 11 September,
50:
7:
2309:. Annapolis: Naval Institute Press.
2100:
1968:
808:entered service, which rendered the
2326:French Battleships of World War One
1980:
1920:
1798:in April and later the two British
1363:Adriatic and Dardanelles operations
1137:on 22 January, where they met King
895:. From there, the ships steamed to
887:, Sweden. In the latter city, King
632:using steam provided by twenty-two
177:24.25 m (79 ft 7 in)
344:Lower deck: 51 mm (2 in)
185:8.2 m (26 ft 11 in)
14:
2328:. Barnsley: Seaforth Publishing.
2288:The Battle of the Otranto Straits
2269:Corbett, Julian Stafford (1921).
1715:, Greece, where on 5 May she and
790:Forges et Chantiers de la Gironde
673:, one forward and one aft of the
644:) and provided a top speed of 18
52:
31:
305:2 × 450 mm (17.7 in)
18:French Liberté-class battleship
2307:A Naval History of World War I
1779:-class ships and three of the
1133:. The five vessels arrived in
875:, where Fallières embarked on
558:. These ships carried a heavy
289:194 mm (7.6 in) guns
229:triple-expansion steam engines
1:
2480:List of battleships of France
1699:was the sister of the German
979:that night. On 12 September,
871:. The ships cruised north to
416:into service with the fleet,
301:47 mm (1.9 in) guns
295:65 mm (2.6 in) guns
283:305 mm (12 in) guns
1848:, Italy in September, to be
863:that was to carry President
636:. They were rated at 17,500
335:: 266 mm (10.5 in)
329:: 360 mm (14.2 in)
40:in the United States in 1909
2364:Sondhaus, Lawrence (1994).
1727:, her two sisters, the two
482:, taking part in the minor
244:(33 km/h; 21 mph)
2520:
828:Augustin Boué de Lapeyrère
521:
455:Following the outbreak of
341:: 54 mm (2.1 in)
323:: 280 mm (11 in)
138:pre-dreadnought battleship
2499:Liberté-class battleships
2477:
2451:
2415:
2305:Halpern, Paul G. (1995).
2286:Halpern, Paul G. (2004).
1129:, which were steaming to
985:Hudson–Fulton Celebration
917:, along with her sisters
450:Hudson–Fulton Celebration
122:
45:
30:
2248:Corbett, Julian Stafford
2187:, pp. 274, 276–277.
1947:, pp. 223, 231–232.
1107:left Bizerte and joined
524:Liberté-class battleship
1569:, which were to engage
1462:Austro-Hungarian Empire
494:being shipped into the
123:General characteristics
2395:(5). Chicago: 651–653.
1602:coastal fortifications
1515:to escape. The slower
1457:
1373:Mediterranean Division
1205:
1042:hosted Fallières, the
961:carried relief aid to
915:Mediterranean Squadron
777:
537:
488:coastal fortifications
434:Mediterranean Squadron
2504:Ships built in France
1501:and the torpedo boat
1470:Austro-Hungarian Navy
1441:The Austro-Hungarian
1440:
1199:
1117:, and the destroyers
1100:through 15 December.
949:, and the destroyers
904:Nicholas II of Russia
772:
531:
476:Austro-Hungarian Navy
2209:Jordan & Caresse
2197:Jordan & Caresse
2185:Jordan & Caresse
2175:, pp. 269, 274.
2173:Jordan & Caresse
2161:Jordan & Caresse
2125:Jordan & Caresse
2115:, pp. 257, 260.
2113:Jordan & Caresse
2077:Jordan & Caresse
2065:Jordan & Caresse
2043:, pp. 252, 254.
2041:Jordan & Caresse
2029:Jordan & Caresse
2017:Jordan & Caresse
2007:, pp. 234, 239.
2005:Jordan & Caresse
1993:Jordan & Caresse
1957:Jordan & Caresse
1945:Jordan & Caresse
1933:Jordan & Caresse
1909:Jordan & Caresse
1897:Jordan & Caresse
1885:Jordan & Caresse
1868:Jordan & Caresse
1679:Operations in Greece
693:for defense against
669:mounted in two twin-
532:Line-drawing of the
2211:, pp. 285–286.
2199:, p. 277, 279.
2139:, pp. 377–378.
2127:, pp. 260–262.
2103:, pp. 258–259.
2067:, pp. 254–257.
2031:, pp. 235–238.
2019:, pp. 234–235.
1995:, pp. 233–234.
1959:, pp. 232–233.
1899:, pp. 281–282.
1887:, pp. 89, 101.
1719:shot down a German
1534:. On 24 September,
1414:-class battleships
1323:Mediterranean Fleet
1275:ironclad battleship
1076:was destroyed by a
765:Construction – 1910
628:, each driving one
472:French North Africa
463:was used to escort
118:Broken up for scrap
27:
2409:-class battleships
1803:-class battleships
1731:-class ships, and
1685:Gallipoli campaign
1637:, the battleships
1584:Barbaros Hayreddin
1509:Battle of Antivari
1458:
1455:Battle of Antivari
1384:—might attack the
1229:and two destroyer
1206:
1047:Théophile Delcassé
1038:On 16 April 1911,
889:Gustaf V of Sweden
867:for a tour of the
778:
665:consisted of four
634:Belleville boilers
568:Louis-Émile Bertin
556:-class battleships
538:
484:Battle of Antivari
420:carried President
412:Even before being
197:Belleville boilers
23:
2486:
2485:
2389:Popular Mechanics
2375:978-1-55753-034-9
2356:978-0-87021-907-8
2335:978-1-59114-639-1
2297:978-0-253-34379-6
2239:978-0-85177-133-5
2055:, pp. 55–56.
1870:, pp. 87–88.
1765:with the cruiser
1761:was stationed in
1701:Kaiser Wilhelm II
1474:Strait of Otranto
1375:—centered on the
1111:, the battleship
1103:In January 1912,
751:Barr & Stroud
638:metric horsepower
560:secondary battery
549:-class battleship
424:on a tour of the
384:secondary battery
350:
349:
2511:
2401:
2396:
2379:
2360:
2339:
2320:
2301:
2282:
2265:
2243:
2231:
2212:
2206:
2200:
2194:
2188:
2182:
2176:
2170:
2164:
2158:
2152:
2146:
2140:
2134:
2128:
2122:
2116:
2110:
2104:
2098:
2092:
2086:
2080:
2074:
2068:
2062:
2056:
2050:
2044:
2038:
2032:
2026:
2020:
2014:
2008:
2002:
1996:
1990:
1984:
1978:
1972:
1966:
1960:
1954:
1948:
1942:
1936:
1930:
1924:
1918:
1912:
1906:
1900:
1894:
1888:
1882:
1871:
1865:
1598:Sackville Carden
1548:, then based at
1350:and the ensuing
1333:for a cruise to
1215:Raymond Poincaré
937:, followed by a
923:(the divisional
865:Armand Fallières
810:pre-dreadnoughts
660:
422:Armand Fallières
269:710 enlisted men
223:screw propellers
60:
57:
56:
55:
35:
28:
2519:
2518:
2514:
2513:
2512:
2510:
2509:
2508:
2489:
2488:
2487:
2482:
2473:
2447:
2411:
2382:
2376:
2363:
2357:
2342:
2336:
2323:
2317:
2304:
2298:
2285:
2268:
2246:
2240:
2223:
2220:
2215:
2207:
2203:
2195:
2191:
2183:
2179:
2171:
2167:
2159:
2155:
2147:
2143:
2135:
2131:
2123:
2119:
2111:
2107:
2099:
2095:
2087:
2083:
2075:
2071:
2063:
2059:
2051:
2047:
2039:
2035:
2027:
2023:
2015:
2011:
2003:
1999:
1991:
1987:
1979:
1975:
1967:
1963:
1955:
1951:
1943:
1939:
1931:
1927:
1919:
1915:
1907:
1903:
1895:
1891:
1883:
1874:
1866:
1862:
1858:
1831:
1681:
1546:Émile Guépratte
1544:(Rear Admiral)
1468:to contain the
1394:passenger ships
1365:
1360:
1327:Armand Gauthier
1208:In early 1913,
1180:Prince of Wales
1153:steamed to the
1036:
856:torpedo cruiser
836:Dupetit-Thouars
832:armored cruiser
826:—Vice Admiral)
797:in April 1903,
767:
762:
760:Service history
732:and her sister
726:
714:central citadel
658:
630:propeller shaft
554:King Edward VII
526:
520:
359:pre-dreadnought
190:Installed power
58:
53:
51:
41:
19:
12:
11:
5:
2517:
2515:
2507:
2506:
2501:
2491:
2490:
2484:
2483:
2478:
2475:
2474:
2472:
2471:
2462:
2452:
2449:
2448:
2446:
2445:
2438:
2431:
2424:
2416:
2413:
2412:
2404:
2398:
2397:
2380:
2374:
2361:
2355:
2340:
2334:
2321:
2315:
2302:
2296:
2283:
2266:
2244:
2238:
2219:
2216:
2214:
2213:
2201:
2189:
2177:
2165:
2163:, p. 262.
2153:
2141:
2129:
2117:
2105:
2093:
2081:
2079:, p. 257.
2069:
2057:
2045:
2033:
2021:
2009:
1997:
1985:
1983:, p. 653.
1973:
1971:, p. 297.
1961:
1949:
1937:
1935:, p. 231.
1925:
1913:
1901:
1889:
1872:
1859:
1857:
1854:
1842:naval register
1830:
1827:
1823:Constantinople
1817:began signing
1815:Central Powers
1680:
1677:
1432:Ottoman Empire
1364:
1361:
1359:
1356:
1329:, came aboard
1082:nitrocellulose
1051:Charles Dumont
1044:Naval Minister
1035:
1032:
883:, Denmark and
766:
763:
761:
758:
725:
722:
675:superstructure
650:nautical miles
522:Main article:
519:
516:
496:Ottoman Empire
459:in July 1914,
364:built for the
348:
347:
346:
345:
342:
336:
330:
324:
316:
312:
311:
310:
309:
303:
297:
291:
285:
277:
273:
272:
271:
270:
267:
262:
258:
257:
250:
246:
245:
238:
234:
233:
232:
231:
225:
217:
213:
212:
211:
210:
199:
191:
187:
186:
183:
179:
178:
175:
171:
170:
164:
160:
159:
150:: 14,900
145:
141:
140:
129:
128:Class and type
125:
124:
120:
119:
116:
112:
111:
108:
104:
103:
100:
96:
95:
92:
88:
87:
84:
80:
79:
76:
72:
71:
66:
62:
61:
48:
47:
43:
42:
36:
17:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2516:
2505:
2502:
2500:
2497:
2496:
2494:
2481:
2476:
2470:
2468:
2464:Followed by:
2463:
2461:
2459:
2455:Preceded by:
2454:
2453:
2450:
2444:
2443:
2439:
2437:
2436:
2432:
2430:
2429:
2425:
2423:
2422:
2418:
2417:
2414:
2410:
2408:
2402:
2394:
2390:
2386:
2381:
2377:
2371:
2367:
2362:
2358:
2352:
2348:
2347:
2341:
2337:
2331:
2327:
2322:
2318:
2316:1-55750-352-4
2312:
2308:
2303:
2299:
2293:
2289:
2284:
2280:
2276:
2272:
2267:
2263:
2259:
2255:
2254:
2249:
2245:
2241:
2235:
2230:
2229:
2222:
2221:
2217:
2210:
2205:
2202:
2198:
2193:
2190:
2186:
2181:
2178:
2174:
2169:
2166:
2162:
2157:
2154:
2151:, p. 71.
2150:
2145:
2142:
2138:
2133:
2130:
2126:
2121:
2118:
2114:
2109:
2106:
2102:
2097:
2094:
2090:
2085:
2082:
2078:
2073:
2070:
2066:
2061:
2058:
2054:
2049:
2046:
2042:
2037:
2034:
2030:
2025:
2022:
2018:
2013:
2010:
2006:
2001:
1998:
1994:
1989:
1986:
1982:
1977:
1974:
1970:
1965:
1962:
1958:
1953:
1950:
1946:
1941:
1938:
1934:
1929:
1926:
1923:, p. 21.
1922:
1917:
1914:
1911:, p. 88.
1910:
1905:
1902:
1898:
1893:
1890:
1886:
1881:
1879:
1877:
1873:
1869:
1864:
1861:
1855:
1853:
1851:
1847:
1843:
1839:
1835:
1828:
1826:
1824:
1820:
1816:
1812:
1808:
1804:
1802:
1797:
1793:
1789:
1784:
1782:
1778:
1774:
1770:
1769:
1764:
1760:
1755:
1751:
1750:
1744:
1742:
1738:
1734:
1730:
1726:
1722:
1718:
1714:
1710:
1706:
1702:
1698:
1694:
1693:Constantine I
1690:
1686:
1678:
1676:
1674:
1670:
1666:
1662:
1658:
1654:
1653:
1648:
1647:
1642:
1641:
1636:
1632:
1628:
1624:
1620:
1616:
1612:
1608:
1603:
1599:
1594:
1592:
1591:
1586:
1585:
1580:
1576:
1572:
1568:
1567:
1562:
1561:
1560:Indefatigable
1555:
1551:
1547:
1543:
1542:
1541:Contre-amiral
1537:
1533:
1529:
1525:
1520:
1518:
1514:
1510:
1506:
1505:
1500:
1499:
1493:
1489:
1488:
1482:
1481:
1475:
1471:
1467:
1463:
1456:
1452:
1451:
1446:
1445:
1439:
1435:
1433:
1429:
1425:
1424:
1419:
1418:
1413:
1409:
1408:
1403:
1399:
1395:
1391:
1387:
1383:
1382:
1378:
1377:battlecruiser
1374:
1370:
1362:
1357:
1355:
1353:
1349:
1345:
1344:
1340:
1336:
1332:
1328:
1324:
1320:
1319:Porto-Vecchio
1316:
1312:
1308:
1304:
1299:
1297:
1293:
1289:
1285:
1281:
1280:
1276:
1272:
1268:
1264:
1263:Mers El Kébir
1260:
1256:
1252:
1248:
1244:
1240:
1236:
1232:
1228:
1227:
1222:
1221:
1216:
1211:
1203:
1198:
1194:
1192:
1191:
1186:
1181:
1177:
1176:
1171:
1168:joined them.
1167:
1163:
1159:
1156:
1152:
1148:
1144:
1140:
1136:
1132:
1128:
1127:
1122:
1121:
1116:
1115:
1110:
1106:
1101:
1099:
1095:
1091:
1087:
1083:
1079:
1075:
1071:
1067:
1063:
1061:
1056:
1052:
1048:
1045:
1041:
1033:
1031:
1029:
1024:
1020:
1019:
1014:
1010:
1006:
1005:
1000:
999:
994:
990:
986:
982:
978:
974:
970:
966:
964:
960:
959:
954:
953:
948:
944:
940:
936:
932:
931:
926:
922:
921:
916:
912:
907:
905:
902:
898:
894:
890:
886:
882:
878:
874:
870:
866:
862:
861:
857:
853:
852:
847:
846:
842:
838:
837:
833:
829:
825:
821:
820:
815:
811:
807:
806:
800:
796:
792:
791:
786:
782:
775:
771:
764:
759:
757:
755:
752:
747:
742:
737:
736:
731:
724:Modifications
723:
721:
719:
718:conning tower
715:
711:
706:
704:
700:
699:torpedo tubes
696:
695:torpedo boats
692:
688:
684:
680:
676:
672:
668:
664:
657:
653:
651:
647:
643:
640:(17,300
639:
635:
631:
627:
623:
619:
615:
612:up to 14,900
611:
607:
603:
599:
595:
591:
589:
585:
581:
577:
573:
569:
565:
561:
557:
555:
550:
548:
543:
535:
530:
525:
517:
515:
513:
512:ship breakers
509:
505:
501:
497:
493:
489:
485:
481:
477:
473:
469:
466:
462:
458:
453:
451:
447:
443:
442:naval reviews
439:
435:
431:
427:
423:
419:
415:
410:
408:
407:
401:
397:
393:
389:
385:
381:
379:
374:
372:
367:
363:
360:
356:
355:
343:
340:
337:
334:
333:Conning tower
331:
328:
325:
322:
319:
318:
317:
314:
313:
308:
307:torpedo tubes
304:
302:
298:
296:
292:
290:
286:
284:
280:
279:
278:
275:
274:
268:
265:
264:
263:
260:
259:
255:
251:
248:
247:
243:
239:
236:
235:
230:
226:
224:
220:
219:
218:
215:
214:
208:
205:(17,300
204:
200:
198:
194:
193:
192:
189:
188:
184:
181:
180:
176:
173:
172:
169:
165:
162:
161:
157:
153:
149:
146:
143:
142:
139:
136:
134:
130:
127:
126:
121:
117:
114:
113:
109:
106:
105:
101:
98:
97:
93:
90:
89:
85:
82:
81:
77:
74:
73:
70:
67:
64:
63:
49:
44:
39:
34:
29:
26:
21:
16:
2466:
2457:
2441:
2434:
2433:
2427:
2420:
2406:
2392:
2388:
2365:
2345:
2325:
2306:
2287:
2270:
2252:
2227:
2204:
2192:
2180:
2168:
2156:
2149:Corbett 1921
2144:
2137:Corbett 1920
2132:
2120:
2108:
2096:
2091:, p. 4.
2089:Halpern 2004
2084:
2072:
2060:
2053:Halpern 1995
2048:
2036:
2024:
2012:
2000:
1988:
1976:
1964:
1952:
1940:
1928:
1916:
1904:
1892:
1863:
1833:
1832:
1829:Postwar fate
1810:
1806:
1800:
1795:
1791:
1787:
1785:
1780:
1776:
1772:
1767:
1758:
1747:
1745:
1732:
1728:
1724:
1716:
1708:
1682:
1672:
1651:
1645:
1639:
1634:
1631:Sedd el Bahr
1626:
1622:
1621:fortresses.
1610:
1606:
1595:
1589:
1583:
1578:
1574:
1570:
1565:
1559:
1553:
1539:
1535:
1527:
1521:
1516:
1512:
1503:
1497:
1486:
1479:
1466:Adriatic Sea
1459:
1449:
1443:
1427:
1422:
1416:
1411:
1406:
1401:
1389:
1380:
1369:mobilization
1366:
1342:
1330:
1314:
1310:
1306:
1302:
1300:
1295:
1291:
1287:
1283:
1278:
1270:
1251:Quiberon Bay
1226:Edgar Quinet
1225:
1219:
1209:
1207:
1201:
1189:
1184:
1173:
1169:
1165:
1161:
1150:
1146:
1125:
1119:
1113:
1108:
1104:
1102:
1098:Porquerolles
1085:
1073:
1069:
1065:
1059:
1039:
1037:
1017:
1012:
1008:
1003:
997:
992:
989:Hudson River
980:
976:
968:
967:
957:
951:
946:
942:
939:naval review
929:
919:
910:
908:
892:
876:
859:
850:
844:
835:
823:
817:
813:
804:
793:shipyard in
788:
780:
779:
773:
754:rangefinders
734:
729:
727:
707:
663:main battery
655:
654:
598:long overall
593:
592:
587:
583:
579:
576:rate of fire
571:
563:
553:
546:
541:
539:
533:
507:
480:Adriatic Sea
460:
454:
429:
417:
414:commissioned
411:
405:
399:
395:
392:main battery
387:
377:
370:
353:
352:
351:
201:17,500
144:Displacement
132:
99:Commissioned
68:
37:
24:
20:
15:
1801:Lord Nelson
1646:Saint Louis
1640:Charlemagne
1590:Turgut Reis
1566:Indomitable
1358:World War I
1352:July Crisis
1339:dreadnought
1261:, Tangier,
1220:Jules Ferry
1094:Le Lavandou
819:Vice-amiral
805:Dreadnought
708:The ship's
671:gun turrets
614:metric tons
457:World War I
436:, based in
406:Dreadnought
366:French Navy
266:32 officers
252:8,400
94:28 May 1907
2493:Categories
2458:République
2442:Démocratie
2218:References
1819:armistices
1788:République
1749:Noemvriana
1741:Cephalonia
1729:République
1689:Aegean Sea
1661:contraband
1386:troopships
1315:République
1307:Démocratie
1296:Démocratie
1288:République
1247:La Pallice
1143:Queen Mary
1126:Carabinier
1120:Lansquenet
1090:Les Salins
1070:République
1013:Démocratie
1004:République
881:Copenhagen
869:Baltic Sea
854:, and the
841:destroyers
735:Démocratie
600:and had a
588:République
580:République
572:République
564:République
547:République
492:contraband
426:Baltic Sea
396:République
390:carried a
378:République
362:battleship
339:Upper deck
261:Complement
216:Propulsion
86:April 1903
2279:924170059
2262:174823980
1856:Footnotes
1850:broken up
1558:HMS
1496:SMS
1490:north of
1485:HMS
1478:HMS
1423:Vergniaud
1417:Condorcet
1407:Jean Bart
1398:XIX Corps
1255:Cherbourg
1243:Le Verdon
1231:flotillas
1158:roadstead
1034:1911–1914
885:Stockholm
851:Arquebuse
803:HMS
785:laid down
776:at anchor
739:induce a
710:main belt
703:broadside
683:casemates
622:full load
618:long tons
610:displaced
514:in 1921.
465:troopship
404:HMS
156:long tons
148:Full load
102:June 1908
83:Laid down
2250:(1920).
2101:Sondhaus
1969:Campbell
1721:zeppelin
1713:Salonika
1695:'s wife
1669:Dedeağaç
1657:blockade
1573:, while
1487:Weymouth
1410:and the
1190:Voltaire
1172:had now-
1139:George V
1135:Valletta
1078:magazine
973:Le Havre
952:Carquois
925:flagship
899:, where
891:visited
799:launched
795:Bordeaux
689:and ten
616:(14,700
504:Salonika
500:zeppelin
446:Atlantic
276:Armament
154:(14,700
107:Stricken
91:Launched
75:Namesake
2428:Justice
2421:Liberté
2407:Liberté
1981:Windsor
1921:Preston
1811:Justice
1792:Justice
1777:Liberté
1763:Piraeus
1733:Suffren
1652:Gaulois
1627:Suffren
1619:Orkanie
1615:Kumkale
1607:Suffren
1579:Suffren
1550:Tenedos
1524:Cattaro
1492:Othonoi
1480:Defence
1402:Courbet
1343:Courbet
1335:Ajaccio
1303:Justice
1292:Justice
1267:Algiers
1235:Tangier
1162:Justice
1109:Justice
1074:Liberté
1066:Liberté
1028:typhoid
1018:Suffren
1009:Justice
995:joined
981:Liberté
963:Messina
958:Fanfare
943:Justice
935:Corsica
930:Liberté
920:Justice
873:Dunkirk
860:Cassini
845:Baliste
787:at the
584:Liberté
542:Liberté
534:Liberté
478:in the
468:convoys
461:Justice
371:Liberté
327:Turrets
133:Liberté
46:History
2467:Danton
2435:Vérité
2372:
2353:
2332:
2313:
2294:
2277:
2260:
2236:
1846:Savona
1834:Vérité
1807:Vérité
1796:Patrie
1781:Danton
1773:Vérité
1759:Vérité
1754:Athens
1737:Mudros
1725:Vérité
1717:Patrie
1709:Vérité
1705:Allies
1697:Sophie
1673:Vérité
1665:Smyrna
1649:, and
1635:Vérité
1623:Vérité
1611:Vérité
1575:Vérité
1571:Goeben
1554:Goeben
1536:Vérité
1428:Goeben
1412:Danton
1390:Vérité
1381:Goeben
1331:Vérité
1313:, and
1311:Vérité
1294:, and
1284:Vérité
1279:Pelayo
1271:Vérité
1253:, and
1210:Vérité
1202:Vérité
1185:Vérité
1175:Amiral
1170:Danton
1166:Danton
1155:Hyères
1151:Vérité
1147:Patrie
1114:Danton
1105:Vérité
1096:, and
1086:Vérité
1060:Danton
1053:, the
1049:, and
1040:Vérité
1015:, and
998:Patrie
993:Vérité
977:Vérité
969:Vérité
947:Vérité
927:) and
911:Vérité
893:Vérité
877:Vérité
839:, the
814:Vérité
781:Vérité
774:Vérité
746:bridge
730:Vérité
656:Vérité
594:Vérité
590:type.
518:Design
508:Vérité
438:Toulon
430:Vérité
418:Vérité
400:Vérité
388:Vérité
357:was a
354:Vérité
163:Length
135:-class
69:Vérité
59:France
38:Vérité
25:Vérité
2469:class
2460:class
1768:Bruix
1532:Lissa
1528:Zenta
1517:Zenta
1498:Zenta
1444:Zenta
1259:Cádiz
1239:Royan
1131:Malta
1062:class
897:Reval
812:like
659:'
646:knots
620:) at
606:draft
536:class
502:over
380:class
373:class
315:Armor
299:10 ×
293:13 ×
287:10 ×
249:Range
242:knots
237:Speed
195:22 ×
182:Draft
78:Truth
2370:ISBN
2351:ISBN
2330:ISBN
2311:ISBN
2292:ISBN
2275:OCLC
2258:OCLC
2234:ISBN
1809:and
1794:and
1617:and
1609:led
1587:and
1577:and
1563:and
1513:Ulan
1504:Ulan
1483:and
1450:Ulan
1447:and
1420:and
1404:and
1223:and
1149:and
1141:and
1123:and
1068:and
1023:Nice
955:and
901:Czar
848:and
783:was
741:heel
602:beam
540:The
321:Belt
281:4 ×
227:3 ×
221:3 ×
174:Beam
115:Fate
110:1921
65:Name
1667:or
642:ihp
254:nmi
240:18
207:ihp
168:loa
2495::
2393:16
2391:.
2387:.
1875:^
1852:.
1743:.
1707:.
1643:,
1593:.
1434:.
1309:,
1305:,
1290:,
1286:,
1265:,
1249:,
1245:,
1241:,
1237:,
1092:,
1011:,
1007:,
1001:,
945:,
824:VA
705:.
661:s
452:.
386:.
203:CV
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822:(
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152:t
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