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also prove useful. Laboratory workers and physicians often mistake the organisms on wet mount for monocytes and a diagnosis of viral meningitis is mistakenly given if the organisms are not motile. Heating a copper penny with an alcohol lamp and placing it on the wet mount slide will activate sluggish trophozoites and more rapidly make the diagnosis. If the person performing the spinal tap rapidly looks at the heated wet mount slide the trophozoites can be seen to swarm while monocytes do not.
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infections, the diagnosis can be made from microscopic examination of stained smears of biopsy specimens (brain tissue, skin, cornea) or of corneal scrapings, which may detect trophozoites and cysts. Cultivation of the causal organism, and its identification by direct immunofluorescent antibody, may
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causes mostly subacute or chronic granulomatous amoebic encephalitis (GAE), with a clinical picture of headaches, altered mental status, and focal neurologic deficit, which progresses over several weeks to death. In addition,
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Sarica, F. B.; Tufan, K.; Cekinmez, M.; Erdoğan, B.; Altinörs, M. N. (2009). "A rare but fatal case of granulomatous amebic encephalitis with brain abscess: the first case reported from Turkey".
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have only two stages, cysts and trophozoites, in their life cycle. No flagellated stage exists as part of the life cycle. The trophozoites replicate by
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can cause granulomatous skin lesions and, more seriously, keratitis and corneal ulcers following corneal trauma or in association with contact lenses.
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are opportunistic free-living amoebae capable of causing granulomatous amoebic encephalitis (GAE) in individuals with compromised immune systems.
275:(nuclear membrane does not remain intact) . The trophozoites are the infective forms and are believed to gain entry into the body through the
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however, has not been isolated from the environment but has been isolated from autopsy specimens of infected humans and animals.
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is often included in the group "free-living amoebae", and this species causes a usually fatal condition traditionally called
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Visvesvara, G.; Moura, H.; Schuster, F. (2007). "Pathogenic and opportunistic free-living amoebae:
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is often necessary in severe infections. Although most cases of brain (CNS) infection with
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have resulted in death, patients have recovered from the infection with proper treatment.
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machines; heating, ventilating, and air conditioning systems; mammalian cell cultures;
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have been found in soil; fresh, brackish, and sea water; sewage; swimming pools;
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396:"Diagnosis of infections caused by pathogenic free-living amoebae"
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Da Rocha-Azevedo, B.; Tanowitz, H.; Marciano-Cabral, F. (2009).
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143:(or "FLA") are a group of protozoa that are important causes of
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Maruyama, S.; Matsuzaki, M.; Misawa, K.; Nozaki, H. (2009).
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While infrequent, infections appear to occur worldwide.
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ophthalmic solution has been a successful approach;
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equipment; medicinal pools; dental treatment units;
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46:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
314:are generally treatable. Topical use of 0.1%
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287:cysts and trophozoites are found in tissue.
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106:Learn how and when to remove this message
463:FEMS Immunology and Medical Microbiology
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44:adding citations to reliable sources
161:primary amoebic meningoencephalitis
668:Granulomatous amoebic encephalitis
310:Eye and skin infections caused by
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55:"Free-living Amoebozoa infection"
475:10.1111/j.1574-695X.2007.00232.x
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689:Balamuthia amoebic encephalitis
320:neomycin-polymyxin B-gramicidin
124:Free-living Amoebozoa infection
31:needs additional citations for
241:; and human and animal brain,
167:is now considered part of the
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727:Sappinia amoebic encephalitis
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663:Cutaneous acanthamoebiasis
163:(PAM). However, the genus
502:BMC Evolutionary Biology
683:Balamuthia mandrillaris
515:10.1186/1471-2148-9-197
451:Balamuthia mandrillaris
334:Geographic distribution
316:propamidine isethionate
285:Balamuthia mandrillaris
277:lower respiratory tract
212:Balamuthia mandrillaris
673:Acanthamoeba infection
658:Acanthamoeba keratitis
782:Amoebic brain abscess
772:Amoebic liver abscess
756:Entamoeba histolytica
790:Entamoeba gingivalis
777:Cutaneous amoebiasis
694:Balamuthia infection
369:Turkish Neurosurgery
40:improve this article
413:10.1155/2009/251406
348:Waterborne diseases
141:Free-living amoebae
812:Protozoal diseases
715:Sappinia diploidea
459:Sappinia diploidea
145:infectious disease
134:Infectious disease
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767:Amoebic dysentery
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455:Naegleria fowleri
312:Acanthamoeba spp.
281:Acanthamoeba spp.
219:Acanthamoeba spp.
197:Acanthamoeba spp.
192:Acanthamoeba spp.
156:Naegleria fowleri
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29:This article
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38:Please help
33:verification
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747:Archamoebae
706:Flabellinia
633:free-living
469:(1): 1–26.
180:Trypanosoma
762:Amoebiasis
619:Amoebozoal
354:References
269:Balamuthia
261:N. fowleri
231:vegetables
203:Life cycle
174:Leishmania
96:April 2024
66:newspapers
306:Treatment
293:Diagnosis
165:Naegleria
130:Specialty
806:Category
621:diseases
534:19664294
483:17428307
432:19657454
406:: 1–14.
381:19621290
342:See also
249:tissues.
235:nostrils
233:; human
227:dialysis
169:Excavata
628:Lobosea
525:3087521
508:: 197.
423:2719787
273:mitosis
259:Unlike
239:throats
149:animals
80:scholar
743:Conosa
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449:spp.,
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245:, and
210:. and
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576:136.2
87:JSTOR
73:books
571:9-CM
530:PMID
479:PMID
428:PMID
404:2009
377:PMID
283:and
267:and
247:lung
243:skin
237:and
177:and
59:news
567:ICD
520:PMC
510:doi
471:doi
461:".
418:PMC
408:doi
297:In
42:by
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