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that to an extent, the proposed legislation will help distinguish "free software" and "open-source software", this will also put these two into state regulation. The second bill called "HB 1581" was proposed by
Grafton Republican representative Lex Berezhny. The bill would've restored a requisite forcing "state agencies to use proprietary software" and as Lex put it, "when it is the most effective solution." He also said that requisite was happening between 2012 and 2018. According to the Concord Monitor, the state of New Hampshire had an already "thriving open source software community" with a view of "live free or die" but they had difficulty getting that notion with the state.
2235:"Too many different licenses makes it difficult for licensors to choose: it's difficult to choose a good license for a project because there are so many. Some licenses do not play well together: some open source licenses do not inter-operate well with other open source licenses, making it hard to incorporate code from other projects. Too many licenses makes it difficult to understand what you are agreeing to in a multi-license distribution: since a FLOSS application typically contains code with different licenses and people use many applications which each contain one or several licenses, it's difficult to see what your obligations are."
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illegality of copying that is software piracy.Promotion of adoption of FOSS is essential however it comes with problems of proprietary anti competition software practices including indulging in bribing and corruption by government departments.Pakistan works on the introduction of usage of open type basis of source
Solutions in the curricula in schools and colleges. This is because of FOSS uniqueness in terms of political, democratic and social varieties of aspect regarding information communication and technology.
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2455:"In some ways, Linux was the project that really made the split clear between what the FSF is pushing which is very different from what open source and Linux has always been about, which is more of a technical superiority instead of a -- this religious belief in freedom," Torvalds told Zemlin. So, the GPL Version 3 reflects the FSF's goals and the GPL Version 2 pretty closely matches what I think a license should do and so right now, Version 2 is where the kernel is."
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685:"Open source" addresses software being open as a practical question rather than an ethical dilemma – non-free software is not the best solution but nonetheless a solution. The free software movement views free software as a moral imperative: that proprietary software should be rejected, and that only free software should be developed and taught in order to make computing technology beneficial to the general public.
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667:" (FOSS) or "Free/Libre and Open-Source Software" (FLOSS) as a form of inclusive compromise, which brings free and open-source software advocates together to work on projects cohesively. Some users believe this is an ideal solution in order to promote both the user's freedom with the software and the pragmatic efficiency of an open-source development model. This view is reinforced by fact that majority of
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1740:"In contrast to commercial software is a large and growing body of free software that exists in the public domain. Public-domain software is written by microcomputer hobbyists (also known as "hackers") many of whom are professional programmers in their work life. Since everybody has access to source code, many routines have not only been used but dramatically improved by other programmers."
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licenses are more permissive. Proponents enjoy the assurance that copylefted work cannot usually be incorporated into non-free software projects. They emphasize that copyleft licenses may not attach for all uses and that in any case, developers can simply choose not to use copyleft-licensed software.
656:. The OSI aimed to address the perceived shortcomings and ambiguity of the term "free software", as well as shifting the focus of free software from a social and ethical issue to instead emphasize open source as a superior model for software development. The latter became the view of Eric Raymond and
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No. Some of the requirements in GPLv3, such as the requirement to provide
Installation Information, do not exist in GPLv2. As a result, the licenses are not compatible: if you tried to combine code released under both these licenses, you would violate section 6 of GPLv2. However, if code is released
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Free and Open Source
Software (Foss) is crucial for countries such as Pakistan which is set up by Union of Information Technology. For the case of Pakistan, Pakistan Software Export Board (PSEB) aids in the creation and advocate of FOSS usage in various government departments in addition to curbing
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The core work of the free software movement is focused on software development. The free software movement also rejects proprietary software, refusing to install software that does not give them the freedoms of free software. According to
Stallman, "The only thing in the software field that is worse
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Stallman said that this is where people get the misconception of "free": there is no wrong in programmers' requesting payment for a proposed project, or charging for copies of free software. Restricting and controlling the user's decisions on use is the actual violation of freedom. Stallman defends
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On
January 11, 2022, two bills were shown on the New Hampshire legislating floor. The first bill called "HB 1273" was introduced by Democratic New Hampshire representative Eric Gallager, the bill prioritized "replacing proprietary software used by state agencies with free software." Gallager stated
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considerations which limits and complicates source code reuse between FLOSS projects. The OSI and the FSF maintain their own lists of dozens of existing and acceptable FLOSS licenses. There is an agreement among most that the creation of new licenses should be minimized and those created should be
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Although the movements have differing values and goals, collaborations between the Free
Software Movement and Open Source Initiative have taken place when it comes to practical projects. By 2005, Richard Glass considered the differences to be a "serious fracture" but "vitally important to those on
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Both LibreCAD and FreeCAD both want to use LibreDWG and have patches available for supporting the DWG file format library, but can't integrate them. The programs have dependencies on the popular GPLv2 license while the Free
Software Foundation will only let LibreDWG be licensed for GPLv3 use, not
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I cannot agree to that compromise, and my experience teaches me that it won't be temporary. ... What our community needs most is more spine in rejection of non-free software. It has far too much willingness to compromise. ... To "argue" in favor of adding non-free software in GNU/Linux distros is
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Prior to 1998, Free
Software referred either to the Free Software Foundation (and the watchful, micromanaging eye of Stallman) or to one of thousands of different commercial, avocational, or university-research projects, processes, licenses, and ideologies that had a variety of names: sourceware,
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Since BusyBox can be found in so many embedded systems, it finds itself at the core of the GPLv3 anti-DRM debate. The real outcomes, however, are this: BusyBox will be GPLv2 only starting with the next release. It is generally accepted that stripping out the "or any later version" is legally
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criticises the speed at which the free software movement is progressing, suggesting that temporary compromises should be made for long-term gains. Raymond argues that this could raise awareness of the software and thus increase the free software movement's influence on relevant standards and
211:, or host a stall at software-related conferences to raise awareness of software freedom. This is seen as important since people who receive free software, but who are not aware that it is free software, will later accept a non-free replacement or will add software that is not free software.
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in China has moved beyond government and educational institutions and has extended to other organizations such as financial institutions, telecommunications, and public security. Several
Chinese researchers and scholars have claimed that the existence of FOSS in China has been important in
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Government of India had issued Policy on Adoption of Open Source Software for Government of India in 2015 to drive uptake within the government. With the vision to transform India as a Software Product Nation, National Policy on Software Products-2019 was approved by the Government.
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Publiccode.eu is a campaign launched demanding a legislation requiring that publicly financed software developed for the public sector be made publicly available under a Free and Open Source Software licence. If it is public money, it should be public code as well.
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Currently the decision to move from GPL v2 to GPL v3 is being hotly debated by many open source projects. According to Palamida, a provider of IP compliance software, there have been roughly 2489 open source projects that have moved from GPL v2 to later
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than an unauthorised copy of a proprietary program, is an authorised copy of the proprietary program because this does the same harm to its whole community of users, and in addition, usually the developer, the perpetrator of this evil, profits from it."
155:. Members hold the belief that it is immoral to prohibit or prevent people from exercising these freedoms, and that they are required in creating a community where software users can help each other and have control over their technology. Regarding
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I'm not gone to claim that I got a way to make it easier to raise money to pay people who write free software. We all know, that to some extent there are ways to do that, but we all know that they are limited, they are not as broad as we would
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from copyleft-licensed software must also carry a copyleft license, so the license spreads from work to work like a computer virus might spread from machine to machine. Stallman has previously stated his opposition to describing the
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that in some cases, monetary incentive is not necessary for motivation since the pleasure in expressing creativity is a reward in itself. Conversely, Stallman admits that it is not easy to raise money for free software projects.
148:. Stallman notes that this action would not hinder the progression of technology, as he states, "Wasteful duplication of system programming effort will be avoided. This effort can go instead into advancing the state of the art."
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The Free Software Foundation espouses the principle that all software needs free documentation, as programmers should have the ability to update manuals to reflect modifications made to the software. Within the movement, the
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in Beijing. Through this organization, the website freesoft.cei.gov.cn was developed, though the website is currently inaccessible on IP addresses located in the United States. The use of open-source software
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444:, Peru, whose general manager wrote a letter to Villanueva. His response received worldwide attention and is seen as a classic piece of argumentation favouring use of free software in governments.
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622:, etc.) within the free software movement, with the main conflicts centered around the organization's needs for compromise and pragmatism rather than adhering to founding values and philosophies.
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Critics of copyleft licensing challenge the idea that restricting modifications is in line with the free software movement's emphasis on various "freedoms", especially when alternatives like
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159:, some believe that it is not strictly immoral, citing increased profitability in the business models available for proprietary software, along with technical features and convenience.
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both sides of the fracture" and "of little importance to anyone else studying the movement from a software engineering perspective" since they have had "little effect on the field".
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384:, has also alleged that, "Government procurement of FLOSS for a number of years in China has compelled Microsoft to cut its prices of Office software substantially"
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The philosophy of the Free Software Movement is based on promoting collaboration between programmers and computer users. This process necessitates the rejection of
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While free and open source software are often linked together, they offer two separate ideas and values. Richard Stallman has referred to open source as "
660:, while Bruce Perens argued that open source was meant to popularize free software under a new brand and called for a return to basic ethical principles.
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Richard Glass (2005), "Standing in Front of the Open Source Steamroller", in Joseph Feller; Brian Fitzgerald; Scott A. Hissam; Karim R. Lakahani (eds.),
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In the United States, there have been efforts to pass legislation at the state level encouraging the use of free software by state government agencies.
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David McGowan (2005), "Legal Aspects of Free and Open Source Software", in Joseph Feller; Brian Fitzgerald; Scott A. Hissam; Karim R. Lakahani (eds.),
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freeware, shareware, open software, public domain software, and so on. The term Open Source, by contrast, sought to encompass them all in one movement.
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implemented a free software law in January 2006. Decree No. 3,390 mandated all government agencies to migrate to free software over a two-year period.
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stated, "The monopoly of (Microsoft Windows) is even more powerful in China than other places in the world". Yi Zhou, a professor of mathematics at
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Free Software events happening all around the world connects people to increase visibility for Free software projects and foster collaborations.
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the latest sign of a growing schism in the open source community between business-minded developers like Torvalds and free software purists.
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in 2007, as the updated license is not compatible with the previous version. Several projects (mostly of the open source faction like the
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The problem with it is twofold. First, ... the term "free" is very ambiguous ... Second, the term makes a lot of corporate types nervous.
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Uruguay has a sanctioned law requiring that the state give priority to free software. It also requires that information be exchanged in
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that may be expanded to create a post-work society. He argues that the combination of a manipulation of intellectual property law and
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within the free software community as a form of compensation for contributions to projects, over and against financial motivations.
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Please help improve this article by looking for better, more reliable sources. Unreliable citations may be challenged and removed.
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Kirk St.Amant & Brian Still (2008). "Examining Open Source Software Licenses through the Creative Commons Licensing Model".
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made compatible with the major existing FLOSS licenses. Therefore, there was a strong controversy around the update of the
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349:. Other lobbying focuses directly on the use of free software by government agencies and government-funded projects.
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to make goods available to the public and a thorough blend between labor and fun make the free software movement a
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The free software movement has been extensively analyzed using economic methodologies, including perspectives from
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538:. Of particular interest to economists is the willingness of programmers in the free software movement to work,
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under GPL "version 2 or later," that is compatible with GPLv3 because GPLv3 is one of the options it permits.
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In June 1997, the Society for Study, Application, and Development of Free Software was established under the
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and self-avowed open-source programs are also compatible with the free software formalisms and vice versa.
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economist Johan Söderberg has argued that the free software movement represents a complete alternative to
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Members of the Free Software Movement believe that all software users should have the freedoms listed in
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Richard Stallman, on the other hand, sees the current level of compromise as a greater cause for worry.
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keeps a list of "key components, tools and services that have gone into the construction of GOV.UK".
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Handbook of Research on Open Source Software: Technological, Economic, and Social Perspectives
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1948:"ESR's "World Domination 201", on the need for more compromise by the free software movement"
1871:"Why 'Open Source' Misses the Point of Free Software | June 2009 | Communications of the ACM"
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defensible, and that the merging of other GPLv2-only code will force that issue in any case
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often producing higher-quality than proprietary programmers, without financial compensation
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Anarchy and Source Code - What does the Free Software Movement have to do with Anarchism?
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964:"Nullis in Verba: The Free Software Movement as a model for Openness and Transparency"
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is a social movement with the goal of obtaining and guaranteeing certain freedoms for
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2339:"Frequently Asked Questions about the GNU Licenses – Is GPLv3 compatible with GPLv2?"
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as "viral". These licensing terms can only be enforced through asserting copyrights.
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and Jacques Rodrich Ackerman have been instrumental in introducing free software in
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suggested that the then-nascent free software movement represented a return to the
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2311:"Linux Creator Calls GPLv3 Authors 'Hypocrites' As Open Source Debate Turns Nasty"
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1424:"Peruvian Congressman Edgar Villanueva writing to Microsoft about free software"
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1370:"Lots of recycled arguments when the legislature debates open source software"
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Corrado, Edward M.; Moualison Sandy, Heather; Mitchell, Erik T. (2018-07-03).
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almost superfluous, since that's what nearly all of them have already done.
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Although drawing on traditions and philosophies among members of the 1970s
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1841:"GNU founder Stallman: 'Open source is not free software' - SiliconANGLE"
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is a serious concern in the FLOSS domain due to increased complexity of
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1312:"Free and Open Source Software Movement in LIS Profession in Pakistan"
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1723:"Free software - Free software is a junkyard of software spare parts"
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Pragmatism in the History of GNU, Linux and Free/Open Source Software
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Since its inception, there is an ongoing contention between the many
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1399:"An English translation of the Free Software bill proposed in Peru"
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2178:"IT Manager's Journal: 10 Common Misunderstandings About the GPL"
1550:"Colophon for GOV.UK at launch | Government Digital Service"
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An interview with Stallman, "Free Software as a social movement"
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International Centre for Free and Open Source Software (ICFOSS)
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Hacking Capitalism: The Free and Open Source Software Movement
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has emphasized the importance of accreditation, respect, and
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Richard Stallman on the nature of the Free software movement
740:"). In its strongest form, copyleft mandates that any works
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Copy, Rip, Burn: The Politics of Copyleft and Open Source
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foundation specializes in providing such documentation.
1683:"The Cultural Significance of free Software - Two Bits"
1245:"Against Intellectual Monopoly: Free Software in China"
124:
formally founded the movement in 1983 by launching the
2155:. Information Science Reference. pp. 382 of 728.
207:
Some supporters of the free software movement take up
2129:"Microsoft CEO takes launch break with the Sun-Times"
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Comparison of open-source and closed-source software
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The Free Software Movement and the Future of Freedom
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Coding Freedom: The Ethics and Aesthetics of Hacking
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Comparison of free and open-source software licenses
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1810:"Why Open Source Misses the Point of Free Software"
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Free Software and Open Source Foundation for Africa
221:
List of free and open-source software organizations
1895:"Why "Free Software" is better than "Open Source""
545:In his 1998 article "The High-Tech Gift Economy",
2370:"FSF Wastes Away Another "High Priority" Project"
1442:"Group:Free Software in Government - LibrePlanet"
2304:
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2278:"The Curse of Open Source License Proliferation"
1654:"Goodbye, "free software"; hello, "open source""
1316:University of Nebraska-Lincoln's Digital Commons
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2075:Perspectives on Free and Open Source Software
1921:Perspectives on Free and Open Source Software
1783:"It's Time to Talk About Free Software Again"
1625:
1623:
736:licensing schema (often pejoratively called "
341:A lot of lobbying work has been done against
8:
2643:Comparison of source-code-hosting facilities
1973:"Richard Stallman on "World Domination 201""
1055:"The Free Software Community After 20 Years"
663:Some free software advocates use the terms "
107:The Four Essential Freedoms of Free Software
2204:"The Basement Interviews: Freeing the Code"
1525:"AFP: French police deal blow to Microsoft"
186:mascots around free software supporters at
37:For related movements beyond software, see
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2248:"Various Licenses and Comments about Them"
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2507:. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
1212:"Transcript of Stallman speaking at WSIS"
1187:"Transcript of Stallman on Free Software"
85:Learn how and when to remove this message
3432:Business models for open-source software
2280:. socializedsoftware.com. Archived from
1020:Stallman, Richard (September 27, 1983).
719:Business models for open-source software
174:
1692:press - durham and london. p. 99.
1238:
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906:
769:License proliferation and compatibility
640:(OSI) was founded in February 1998 by
285:Free Software Foundation Latin America
3621:Organization for Transformative Works
2313:. informationweek.com. Archived from
2233:on fossbazar.com by Martin Michlmayr
2108:from the original on 13 February 2015
732:The free software movement champions
376:, which Guangnan Ni, a member of the
7:
3166:Microsoft Open Specification Promise
2568:The GNU Project Philosophy Directory
2559:, a 2006 lecture by Richard Stallman
2368:Larabel, Michael (24 January 2013).
1341:"Open source's new weapon: The law?"
952:in 2008 on emacs-devel mailing list.
818:Free and open-source software portal
4491:Free software culture and documents
2633:Alternative terms for free software
2563:Free Software Movement intro by FSF
2437:Kerner, Sean Michael (2008-01-08).
1471:"Free software liberates Venezuela"
886:Free Software Foundation Tamil Nadu
364:China Software Industry Association
194:Writing and spreading free software
2973:Python Software Foundation License
2345:from the original on 30 March 2020
2202:Poynder, Richard (21 March 2006).
1820:from the original on 4 August 2011
1590:from the original on July 22, 2018
654:alternative term for free software
25:
3036:Definition of Free Cultural Works
2653:Free software project directories
2031:"Interview with Richard Stallman"
1249:World Review of Political Economy
871:Free Software Foundation of India
132:in 1985 to support the movement.
128:. Stallman later established the
3442:Commercial use of copyleft works
3223:
3222:
3212:
2673:Open-source software development
1477:n°10. 2006-02-08. Archived from
1162:"Free Software and Free Manuals"
881:Free Software Movement Karnataka
810:
319:Irish Free Software Organisation
48:
3422:Alternative compensation system
3031:Debian Free Software Guidelines
2863:Free Software Movement of India
2476:from the original on 2016-01-07
2445:from the original on 2015-02-12
2419:from the original on 2016-01-24
2258:from the original on 2010-07-24
2184:from the original on 2020-02-16
2045:from the original on 2021-12-11
2012:from the original on 2018-02-07
1954:from the original on 2019-09-05
1901:from the original on 2021-03-27
1851:from the original on 2017-10-17
1760:from the original on 2011-08-04
1699:from the original on 2008-08-27
1660:from the original on 2020-01-02
1506:from the original on 2020-02-19
1452:from the original on 2020-10-23
1405:from the original on 2010-12-04
1380:from the original on 2023-04-09
1351:from the original on 2023-03-16
1322:from the original on 2023-04-08
1292:from the original on 2021-08-27
1286:"FOSS4GOV Innovation Challenge"
1267:from the original on 2023-04-07
1193:from the original on 2009-03-12
1168:from the original on 2021-08-15
1143:from the original on 2012-09-19
1118:from the original on 2021-05-04
1093:from the original on 2020-05-11
1065:from the original on 2021-04-25
1032:from the original on 2009-03-05
1002:from the original on 2023-07-10
925:from the original on 2013-10-14
876:Free Software Foundation Europe
866:Free Software Movement of India
309:Free Software Foundation Europe
232:Free Software Movement of India
3606:Electronic Frontier Foundation
2503:Coleman, E. Gabriella (2013).
2439:"Torvalds Still Keen On GPLv2"
2405:Chisnall, David (2009-08-31).
2309:McDougall, Paul (2007-07-10).
1754:"Open Source misses the point"
1137:"Copyleft: Pragmatic Idealism"
680:does not campaign for anything
378:Chinese Academy of Engineering
1:
4368:Open-source software movement
4097:Free and open-source software
3826:Commons-based peer production
3447:Commons-based peer production
3315:Legal aspects of file sharing
3021:Contributor License Agreement
2835:Open-source-software movement
2619:Free and open-source software
2224:OSI and License Proliferation
2176:Byfield, Bruce (2006-08-29).
2098:"Open Source Licensing Guide"
1681:Kelty, Christpher M. (2008).
1639:Jun 9, 2015 Christopher Tozzi
980:10.1080/07317131.2018.1456849
665:Free and Open-Source Software
632:Open-source-software movement
32:Open-source-software movement
3542:Access to Knowledge movement
3192:The Cathedral and the Bazaar
3046:The Free Software Definition
2127:Newbart, Dave (2001-06-01).
1816:. Free Software Foundation.
1576:"The High-Tech Gift Economy"
1527:. 2014-02-27. Archived from
1500:"Public Money? Public Code!"
968:Technical Services Quarterly
861:Software Freedom Conservancy
559:absence of economic scarcity
522:List of free-software events
372:challenging the presence of
153:The Free Software Definition
3096:Mozilla software rebranding
3061:Permissive software license
1839:Gillin, Paul (2016-04-28).
1617:Söderberg (2007), p. 153-4.
273:Software Freedom Law Center
4507:
4446:Open educational resources
3101:Proprietary device drivers
3051:The Open Source Definition
2077:, MIT Press, p. 382,
1574:Barbrook, Richard (1998).
772:
728:"Viral" copyleft licensing
716:
629:
519:
337:Legislation and government
218:
36:
29:
4234:Open Knowledge Foundation
4224:Open Architecture Network
4041:Open-door academic policy
3656:Students for Free Culture
3552:Cultural environmentalism
3509:Prizes instead of patents
3305:Digital rights management
3208:
3186:Source-available software
3086:Digital rights management
1923:, MIT Press, p. 89,
1608:Coleman (2013), p. 116-7.
1310:Rehman, Ata (July 2017).
693:Criticism and controversy
4219:Free Software Foundation
4132:Open-source architecture
3611:Free Software Foundation
3181:Shared Source Initiative
2978:Shared Source Initiative
2931:Free Software Foundation
2868:Free Software Foundation
2718:Configuration management
1721:Shea, Tom (1983-06-23).
915:"What is Free Software?"
851:Free Software Foundation
831:History of free software
491:French National Assembly
268:Free Software Foundation
130:Free Software Foundation
30:Not to be confused with
4182:Politics and governance
3742:RiP!: A Remix Manifesto
3452:Electronic sell-through
3347:Monopolies of knowledge
3290:Censorship by copyright
3116:SCO/Linux controversies
2141:(Internet archive link)
2002:"Selling Free Software"
466:Government of Venezuela
331:Free Software Australia
57:Some of this article's
18:Free software community
4481:Free software movement
4353:Free software movement
4244:Open Source Initiative
4194:Open-source governance
4077:Open-source journalism
3756:The Internet's Own Boy
3562:Free software movement
3389:software patent debate
3295:Copyright infringement
3016:Comparison of licenses
2825:Free software movement
2408:The Failure of the GPL
2237:(on August 21st, 2008)
1475:Free Software Magazine
1022:"Initial Announcement"
856:Open Source Initiative
638:Open Source Initiative
434:Edgar David Villanueva
190:
99:free software movement
4358:Open science movement
4348:Free-culture movement
4026:Educational resources
3985:Collaborative writing
3862:Participatory culture
3557:Free-culture movement
3467:Libertarian positions
3462:Free-software license
3427:Anti-copyright notice
3270:Intellectual property
3091:License proliferation
2525:, Pluto Press, 2008,
2468:corbet (2006-10-01).
846:Free-culture movement
785:license compatibility
781:license proliferation
698:Principle compromises
669:OSI-approved licenses
648:to promote the term "
594:Subgroups and schisms
290:Software Livre Brasil
178:
144:and the promotion of
34:, a related movement.
4137:Open-source hardware
4115:Open-design movement
4108:Open-source software
3876:Research and science
3477:Open-design movement
3176:Open-source hardware
3111:Proprietary software
3106:Proprietary firmware
2807:Formerly open-source
2802:Formerly proprietary
2668:Open-source software
2441:. internetnews.com.
1814:GNU Operating System
1781:(17 February 1999).
1189:. FSFE. 2006-03-09.
1112:"Why free software?"
841:Open-source movement
650:open-source software
157:proprietary software
142:proprietary software
4419:Free Cultural Works
4363:Open Source Ecology
4249:Open Web Foundation
4146:Economic principles
4103:Free/libre software
4000:Participatory media
3417:All rights reversed
3285:Artificial scarcity
3056:Open-source license
2658:Gratis versus libre
2578:Christian Imhorst,
2539:, Routledge, 2007,
2470:"Busy busy busybox"
2276:Mark (2008-05-08).
1869:Stallman, Richard.
1808:Stallman, Richard.
1087:"The GNU Manifesto"
1053:Stallman, Richard.
536:heterodox economics
4285:Alexandra Elbakyan
4229:Openmod Initiative
4066:Citizen journalism
3943:Open communication
3924:Data, information,
3847:Open collaboration
3735:Good Copy Bad Copy
3681:Alexandra Elbakyan
3585:Copyright Alliance
2380:on 9 November 2016
2229:2016-02-20 at the
1635:2016-02-17 at the
1329:– via JSTOR.
948:2017-05-13 at the
616:Mozilla Foundation
487:French Gendarmerie
345:and expansions of
295:2021-09-02 at the
254:2021-08-27 at the
203:Building awareness
191:
4468:
4467:
4464:
4463:
4456:Open Web movement
4441:Open Data Indices
4295:Peter Murray-Rust
4239:Open Rights Group
4202:
4201:
4085:
4084:
3938:Knowledge commons
3765:
3764:
3664:
3663:
3616:Open Rights Group
3236:
3235:
3136:Trusted Computing
3126:Software security
3074:
3073:
2755:Operating systems
2663:Long-term support
2535:Johan Söderberg,
2162:978-1-59140-999-1
2133:Chicago Sun-Times
2039:Linux action show
1243:Zhou, Yi (2011).
713:Programmer income
620:Apache Foundation
588:communist economy
565:Gabriella Coleman
561:on the Internet.
497:operating system
95:
94:
87:
39:Open-source model
16:(Redirected from
4498:
4451:Open music model
4415:Definition docs
4404:Creative Commons
4389:
4305:Richard Stallman
4300:Douglas Rushkoff
4214:Creative Commons
3990:Democratic media
3975:
3898:Notebook science
3816:
3792:
3785:
3778:
3769:
3696:Richard Stallman
3641:Public Knowledge
3601:Creative Commons
3575:
3482:Open music model
3263:
3256:
3249:
3240:
3226:
3225:
3216:
3121:Software patents
3004:
2916:Creative Commons
2775:Web applications
2612:
2605:
2598:
2589:
2521:David M. Berry,
2518:
2491:
2490:
2482:
2481:
2465:
2459:
2458:
2451:
2450:
2434:
2428:
2427:
2425:
2424:
2402:
2396:
2395:
2387:
2385:
2376:. Archived from
2365:
2359:
2358:
2352:
2350:
2335:
2329:
2328:
2323:
2322:
2306:
2297:
2296:
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2273:
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2263:
2244:
2238:
2221:
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2214:
2212:
2210:
2199:
2193:
2192:
2190:
2189:
2173:
2167:
2166:
2148:
2142:
2140:
2135:. Archived from
2124:
2118:
2117:
2115:
2113:
2102:New Media Rights
2094:
2088:
2087:
2070:
2064:
2063:
2051:
2050:
2027:
2021:
2020:
2018:
2017:
1998:
1992:
1991:
1985:
1984:
1975:. Archived from
1969:
1963:
1962:
1960:
1959:
1940:
1934:
1933:
1916:
1910:
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1891:
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1856:
1836:
1830:
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1827:
1825:
1805:
1799:
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1796:
1794:
1785:. Archived from
1775:
1769:
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1766:
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1750:
1744:
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1736:
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1718:
1712:
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1609:
1606:
1600:
1599:
1597:
1595:
1571:
1565:
1564:
1562:
1561:
1552:. Archived from
1546:
1540:
1539:
1537:
1536:
1521:
1515:
1514:
1512:
1511:
1496:
1490:
1489:
1487:
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1467:
1461:
1460:
1458:
1457:
1438:
1432:
1431:
1426:. Archived from
1420:
1414:
1413:
1411:
1410:
1395:
1389:
1388:
1386:
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1366:
1360:
1359:
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1300:
1298:
1297:
1282:
1276:
1275:
1273:
1272:
1240:
1231:
1230:
1228:
1227:
1218:. Archived from
1216:Ciarán O'Riordan
1208:
1202:
1201:
1199:
1198:
1183:
1177:
1176:
1174:
1173:
1158:
1152:
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1148:
1133:
1127:
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1123:
1108:
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1101:
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1083:
1074:
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1071:
1070:
1050:
1041:
1040:
1038:
1037:
1017:
1011:
1010:
1008:
1007:
959:
953:
940:
934:
933:
931:
930:
911:
820:
815:
814:
813:
584:private property
547:Richard Barbrook
541:
382:Fudan University
343:software patents
122:Richard Stallman
90:
83:
79:
76:
70:
52:
44:
21:
4506:
4505:
4501:
4500:
4499:
4497:
4496:
4495:
4471:
4470:
4469:
4460:
4387:
4335:
4329:
4290:Lawrence Lessig
4280:Tim Berners-Lee
4268:
4198:
4189:Open government
4177:
4173:Sharing economy
4158:Open innovation
4141:
4081:
4070:Wiki journalism
4049:
4009:
3995:Open publishing
3970:
3964:
3925:
3919:
3883:Citizen science
3871:
3811:
3805:
3796:
3766:
3761:
3728:Steal This Film
3715:
3691:Lawrence Lessig
3660:
3589:
3566:
3530:
3526:Video on demand
3405:
3300:Copyright troll
3273:
3267:
3237:
3232:
3204:
3171:Open-core model
3146:
3140:
3070:
3008:
3002:
2872:
2849:
2811:
2694:
2687:
2621:
2616:
2553:
2515:
2502:
2499:
2497:Further reading
2494:
2479:
2477:
2467:
2466:
2462:
2448:
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2436:
2435:
2431:
2422:
2420:
2404:
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2383:
2381:
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2332:
2320:
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2308:
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2300:
2287:
2285:
2275:
2274:
2270:
2261:
2259:
2246:
2245:
2241:
2231:Wayback Machine
2222:
2218:
2208:
2206:
2201:
2200:
2196:
2187:
2185:
2175:
2174:
2170:
2163:
2150:
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2126:
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2121:
2111:
2109:
2096:
2095:
2091:
2085:
2072:
2071:
2067:
2048:
2046:
2029:
2028:
2024:
2015:
2013:
2000:
1999:
1995:
1982:
1980:
1971:
1970:
1966:
1957:
1955:
1944:Eric S. Raymond
1942:
1941:
1937:
1931:
1918:
1917:
1913:
1904:
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1879:
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1838:
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1823:
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1807:
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1802:
1792:
1790:
1789:on 16 July 2014
1777:
1776:
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1761:
1752:
1751:
1747:
1733:
1731:
1720:
1719:
1715:
1702:
1700:
1696:
1690:Duke University
1685:
1680:
1679:
1675:
1663:
1661:
1650:Eric S. Raymond
1648:
1647:
1643:
1637:Wayback Machine
1628:
1621:
1616:
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1469:
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1455:
1453:
1446:libreplanet.org
1440:
1439:
1435:
1422:
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1417:
1408:
1406:
1397:
1396:
1392:
1383:
1381:
1374:Concord Monitor
1368:
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1019:
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1003:
961:
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956:
950:Wayback Machine
941:
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928:
926:
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904:
816:
811:
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602:organizations (
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297:Wayback Machine
281:
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256:Wayback Machine
245:
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209:public speaking
205:
196:
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138:
91:
80:
74:
71:
68:
53:
42:
35:
28:
27:Social movement
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4504:
4502:
4494:
4493:
4488:
4486:Copyleft media
4483:
4473:
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4466:
4465:
4462:
4461:
4459:
4458:
4453:
4448:
4443:
4438:
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4360:
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4216:
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4185:
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4149:
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4134:
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4087:
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4057:
4055:
4051:
4050:
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4045:
4044:
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4038:
4028:
4021:Open education
4017:
4015:
4011:
4010:
4008:
4007:
4002:
3997:
3992:
3987:
3981:
3979:
3972:
3966:
3965:
3963:
3962:
3961:
3960:
3955:
3948:Open knowledge
3945:
3940:
3935:
3929:
3927:
3921:
3920:
3918:
3917:
3916:
3915:
3910:
3905:
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3772:
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3731:
3723:
3721:
3717:
3716:
3714:
3713:
3708:
3703:
3698:
3693:
3688:
3686:Rick Falkvinge
3683:
3678:
3672:
3670:
3666:
3665:
3662:
3661:
3659:
3658:
3653:
3651:Shadow library
3648:
3643:
3638:
3633:
3628:
3626:The Pirate Bay
3623:
3618:
3613:
3608:
3603:
3597:
3595:
3591:
3590:
3588:
3587:
3581:
3579:
3572:
3568:
3567:
3565:
3564:
3559:
3554:
3549:
3547:Anti-copyright
3544:
3538:
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3532:
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3529:
3528:
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3518:
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3506:
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3367:Bioprospecting
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2708:Bioinformatics
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2551:External links
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2514:978-0691144610
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2161:
2143:
2139:on 2001-06-15.
2119:
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2065:
2041:. 2012-03-11.
2035:GNU/LAS s20e10
2022:
1993:
1964:
1946:(2006-07-01).
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1430:on 2007-08-29.
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836:Linux adoption
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773:Main article:
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738:viral licenses
729:
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717:Main article:
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676:a non-movement
658:Linus Torvalds
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3199:Revolution OS
3196:
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3187:
3184:
3182:
3179:
3177:
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3169:
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3160:GNU Manifesto
3157:
3155:
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3149:
3143:
3137:
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3132:
3129:
3127:
3124:
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3066:Public domain
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2855:Organisations
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2654:
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2649:
2648:Free software
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2554:
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2546:
2545:0-415-95543-2
2542:
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2534:
2532:
2531:0-7453-2414-2
2528:
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2379:
2375:
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2361:
2357:
2344:
2340:
2334:
2331:
2327:
2317:on 2008-04-13
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2303:
2299:
2295:
2284:on 2015-12-08
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2011:
2007:
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1997:
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1979:on 2013-06-03
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1556:on 2014-11-16
1555:
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1542:
1531:on 2014-02-27
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1495:
1492:
1481:on 2016-03-03
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1222:on 2008-12-21
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854:
852:
849:
847:
844:
842:
839:
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834:
832:
829:
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826:GNU Manifesto
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799:
795:
791:
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768:
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706:legislation.
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423:South America
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411:United States
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347:copyright law
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215:Organisations
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165:FLOSS Manuals
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