721:
645:(the Shah's secret police force, allegedly responsible for executing, imprisoning and torturing tens of thousands of political inmates) and the stifling police state atmosphere discouraged any sort of major activity inside Iran. Until the mid-1970s, those Iranians who had actively opposed the Shah had been mainly of left-wing or liberal background, with the former dominating by far. But beginning in that decade, thanks partly to the FMI, the religious elements (including the mullahs) began to dominate the movement. They were able to do this because the Islamic movement had a network of over 9,000 mosques, 180,000 mullahs and millions of pious followers in Iran and it could freely operate, unlike the left-wing elements who were mercilessly crushed by SAVAK, the police and the government's military apparatus. In January 1978, the pro-government newspaper
625:, a radical cleric who had been making inflammatory statements concerning the government of the Shah and his allegedly anti-Islamic policies. Faced with this, the government sent in the army infantry and tanks to crush the riots, which resulted in at least hundreds (some believe thousands) of deaths. Because the FMI had supported the uprising, their group was singled out for harassment and made to disappear by the mid-1960s. But, in 1964, the FMI (along with other parties) helped to form (with Mossadegh's blessings) the Third National Front which, like the FMI, took a more active and radical stance toward the Shah's government compared to that of the more cautious Second National Front. By 1965, all legal forms of dissidence had been done away with, leaving armed violence as the only means of inflicting some sort of damage on the government.
568:
2255:
25:
681:
2888:
2241:
713:). This period expressed the height of the LMI's influence over Iranian politics, but it was not to last. By Aug. 1979, the new government was clamping down on dissent, outlawing nearly all political parties and instituting a campaign of terror against its critics. The Bazargan cabinet resigned en masse on 5 November 1979, and thus, ended the
720:
774:
took over as leader of the organization, which held until his death in 2017. The group continued to exist as a tolerated party until the government cracked down on it in the year 2000, arresting and placing on trial dozens of activists belonging to the group, making the party non-operational. Since
758:
The
Islamic government (led by Ayatollah Khomeini) crushed all dissent in the country so that the oppositionists, both real and potential, either fled abroad or were murdered or imprisoned. But the LMI continued to exist as a barely tolerated force in the Majlis, where it called for an early end to
617:
National Front. This new group quickly gained a large following exceeding that of their rival and its leaders advocated civil disobedience such as protests, sit-ins and strikes as a way of pressuring the Shah to reinstitute democratic rule. But, after a brief period of reform under Prime
Minister
591:
as the dominant force in
Iranian politics. The newly installed government quickly rounded up Mossadegh's closest supporters, outlawing freedom of expression and cracking down on free political activity. Mossadegh himself was placed before a military court and sentenced to three years in prison. A
616:
In 1960, the Second
National Front was formed, which mostly involved figures from the early 1950s during Mossadegh's time in office. However, in 1961, Mehdi Bazargan, Mahmud Taleghani, Yadollah Sahabi (all prominent liberals) broke away to form a more religious (and radical) counterpart to the
696:
in which allegedly more than 98% voted for this system. The
Provisional Government took office on 12 February, right after the former government fell, but it quickly became apparent that this government lacked any real power, which was instead concentrated in the
663:
and other major cities. By the end of 1978, the government of the Shah (once touted as possessing the fifth largest military force on Earth) had all but collapsed under the weight of massive uprisings and workers' strikes. In response to the Shah's appointment of
135:
2280:
600:(the umbrella group for Mossadegh's supporters) was constituted mainly of religious laymen, which differentiated it from the secular members of the banned National Front, including Mossadegh himself. The NRM campaigned for the 1954
529:, while that political activity should be guided by religious values. FMI based on a moderate interpretation of Islam. It rejects both royal and clerical dictatorship in favor of political and economic liberalism.
2475:
Organisational Change in
Political Parties in Iran after the Islamic Revolution of 1979. With Special Reference to the Islamic Republic Party (IRP) and the Islamic Iran Participation Front Party (Mosharekat)
2268:
668:
as prime minister, Khomeini appointed Mehdi
Bazargan as head of the provisional government (which was not yet in power). On 11 February 1979, the government fell and what became known as the
2943:
348:
3342:
705:(committees). The PG was composed mainly of elements from the FMI (including Bazargan, Taleghani, Sahabi, Yazdi, Nazih), but also included a few leaders of the National Front (
2876:
3242:
2305:
556:
3327:
3087:
3132:
2995:
3044:
3337:
3102:
693:
587:
from April 1951 to August 1953 (with a very brief interruption in July 1952). That coup brought down
Mossadegh and his colleagues from power and reinstalled the
3312:
3157:
3107:
2990:
608:(which also did not occur). Failing to achieve its aims and facing the power repressive apparatus of the Shah's regime, the group disbanded in the mid-1950s.
533:
3002:
3317:
3072:
3307:
2985:
2958:
42:
3112:
3097:
3092:
2869:
651:
published an article accusing
Khomeini of being, among other things, a reactionary and British agent. This led to an uprising in the holy city of
2854:
3049:
3022:
518:
2440:
3332:
3302:
3169:
2650:
2286:
593:
2936:
2679:
621:, the government cracked down on dissent. In June 1963, a massive uprising occurred in five Iranian cities over the arrest of Ayatollah
532:
Despite being outlawed by the prevailing government in Iran, the group continues to exist. The organization accepts to comply with the
89:
3199:
2862:
2578:
2389:
537:
61:
3347:
2892:
2421:
442:
108:
2762:
3322:
3266:
3179:
3127:
3082:
3077:
3027:
68:
3273:
3142:
2849:
2629:
2511:
2360:
2335:
526:
46:
576:
3280:
3117:
3032:
2299:
724:
698:
522:
420:
75:
3237:
3007:
2968:
2953:
2931:
752:
541:
359:
490:
political organization founded in 1961, by members describing themselves as "Muslims, Iranians, Constitutionalists and
3225:
3184:
2973:
2963:
57:
3137:
732:
714:
685:
592:
group of low-ranking leaders from the
Mossadegh era quickly formed an underground organization calling itself the
35:
334:
3164:
2908:
2530:
Mohammad Ali Kadivar (2013), "Alliances and Perception Profiles in the Iranian Reform Movement, 1997 to 2005",
669:
549:
2416:, Washington DC: The Washington Institute for Near East Policy, The Konrad Adenauer Stiftung, pp. 80–82,
2948:
2449:
605:
476:
3189:
3122:
584:
3215:
597:
502:
410:
320:
779:
as the president of Iran in 2013, FMI experienced a new era of political activity. On 27 August 2017,
82:
3252:
3174:
3147:
3012:
2918:
2328:
Iranian Politics and Religious Modernism: The Liberation Movement of Iran Under the Shah and Khomeini
513:
advocating national sovereignty, freedom of political activity and expression, social justice under
744:
367:
234:
2744:
3064:
3037:
2815:
2807:
2547:
932:
588:
506:
494:". It is the oldest party still active in Iran and has been described as a "semi-opposition" or "
491:
377:
2658:
760:
596:(NRM). It is significant in the context of the FMI's history because this reincarnation of the
567:
3247:
3017:
2926:
2625:
2574:
2507:
2479:
2417:
2385:
2356:
2331:
966:
914:
863:
633:
Throughout the 1960s and 1970s, the FMI operated mostly outside in the country, mainly in the
622:
580:
447:
387:
382:
372:
229:
192:
147:
2683:
2903:
2799:
2539:
2503:
710:
665:
545:
495:
467:
437:
284:
2444:
2260:
736:
341:
276:
268:
197:
157:
216:
2790:
Mark Gasiorowski (Autumn 2012), "US Intelligence Assistance to Iran, May–October 1979",
2978:
2381:
827:
764:
728:
510:
221:
187:
2254:
763:
in 1984 (the war had started in September 1980 when Iraqi forces, under the orders of
134:
3296:
2819:
2595:
2500:
Islam, Democracy and Religious Modernism in Iran, 1953-2000: From Bāzargān to Soroush
950:
845:
783:
died due to cancer and Mohammad Tavassoli became the third secretary-general of FMI.
780:
776:
771:
748:
706:
634:
260:
2551:
2453:. Fasc. 2. Vol. XIV. New York City: Bibliotheca Persica Press. pp. 157–172
3152:
2274:
740:
701:(which was dominated by hard-line religious fundamentalists) and the local Islamic
692:
The Islamic Republic of Iran was proclaimed on 1 April 1979 after the results of a
252:
167:
3054:
2246:
202:
24:
680:
3220:
3194:
2236:
2543:
2832:
2281:
Association for Defense of Freedom and the Sovereignty of the Iranian Nation
618:
487:
647:
2811:
2378:
Religion and Nation: Iranian Local and Transnational Networks in Britain
498:" party. It has also been described as a "religious nationalist party".
2721:
2698:
702:
540:. It had not been allowed to run in any election since 1980 (exempting
2441:"ISLAM IN IRAN xiii. ISLAMIC POLITICAL MOVEMENTS IN 20TH CENTURY IRAN"
660:
656:
638:
601:
2803:
679:
642:
566:
548:
did not vet the candidates). It was also denied membership in the
514:
400:
2833:"فهرست اعضای بازداشت و زندانی شدهء نهضت آزادی ایران پس از انقلاب"
2473:
604:
to be free and fair (they were not) and attempted to restore the
2887:
2858:
2414:
Who rules Iran?: the structure of power in the Islamic Republic
2726:, vol. 7, Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty, 17 August 2004
652:
18:
2680:"Liberation Movement of Iran – Oxford Islamic Studies Online"
2269:
Iranian Committee for the Defense of Freedom and Human Rights
791:
2571:
Iran Today: An Encyclopedia of Life in the Islamic Republic
2944:
Front of Followers of the Line of the Imam and the Leader
2622:
Distant Relations: Iran and Lebanon in the Last 500 Years
2353:
Distant Relations: Iran and Lebanon in the Last 500 Years
509:. It then applied for the membership in the front with a
770:
In 20 Jan 1995, Bazargan died (of natural causes) and
2745:"Interview with Ibrahim Yazdi, Iran Freedom Movement"
481:
2596:"Iran bans opposition party in crackdown on dissent"
629:
Events leading to the Islamic Revolution (1965–1979)
3208:
3063:
2917:
2538:(6), American Sociological Association: 1063–1086,
575:The group originated in the early 1950s, after the
419:
406:
396:
358:
326:
316:
298:
173:
163:
153:
141:
123:
49:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
2502:. Islamic History and Civilization. Vol. 77.
2498:Jahanbakhsh, Forough (2001). "Opposition Groups".
2306:Council of Nationalist-Religious Activists of Iran
557:Council of Nationalist-Religious Activists of Iran
555:The organization's members have close ties to the
3088:Assembly of Qom Seminary Scholars and Researchers
612:Early 1960s: The creation of the Freedom Movement
3133:Association of the Women of the Islamic Republic
2996:Society of Pathseekers of the Islamic Revolution
2569:Kazemzadeh, Masoud (2008). "Opposition Groups".
3103:Islamic Association of Iranian Medical Society
2703:, vol. 6, Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty
3158:Islamic Iran Freedom and Justice Organization
3108:Islamic Association of University Instructors
2991:Society of Devotees of the Islamic Revolution
2870:
2620:Houchang Chehabi, Rula Jurdi Abisaab (2006).
2573:. Vol. 1. Greenwood Press. p. 367.
2351:Houchang Chehabi, Rula Jurdi Abisaab (2006).
8:
3045:Progress and Justice Society of Islamic Iran
534:Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran
3343:Political parties of the Iranian Revolution
3113:Association of Followers of the Imam's Line
3003:Association of Islamic Revolution Loyalists
3243:Council of Nationalist-Religious Activists
3073:Council for Coordinating the Reforms Front
2877:
2863:
2855:
120:
2986:Front of Transformationalist Principlists
2959:Islamic Association of Physicians of Iran
2434:
2432:
109:Learn how and when to remove this message
3328:National Front (Iran) affiliated parties
2472:Mohammadighalehtaki, Ariabarzan (2012).
994:
882:
795:
719:
2493:
2491:
2489:
2318:
676:Islamic Republic of Iran (1979–present)
517:, respect for Iran's constitution, the
248:
183:
2835:[Imprisonment of FMI Members].
2785:
2783:
2763:"Iran Freedom Movement Names New Head"
2657:, Princeton University, archived from
2645:
2643:
2641:
641:. The seemingly omnipresent nature of
3338:Political parties established in 1961
3050:Modern Thinkers Party of Islamic Iran
3023:Front of Islamic Revolution Stability
2850:Official website—History of the Party
2594:Tehran, Nazila Fathi (30 July 2002).
2407:
2405:
2403:
2401:
519:Universal Declaration of Human Rights
505:, its establishment was supported by
7:
3313:Islamic democratic political parties
3170:Iranian Call and Reform Organization
2651:"The Freedom Movement of Iran (FMI)"
2564:
2562:
2560:
2287:Front for Democracy and Human Rights
47:adding citations to reliable sources
2937:Society of Seminary Teachers of Qom
2655:The Iran Social Science Data Portal
2525:
2523:
471:
3200:Union of Islamic Iran People Party
538:Guardianship of the Islamic Jurist
501:The organization was split to the
16:Political opposition party in Iran
14:
3318:Islamic political parties in Iran
3308:Banned political parties in Iran
3180:Moderation and Development Party
3128:Will of the Iranian Nation Party
3098:Islamic Association of Engineers
3083:Executives of Construction Party
3078:Association of Combatant Clerics
3028:Resistance Front of Islamic Iran
2886:
2253:
2239:
727:members meeting, left to right:
655:and the uprising soon spread to
562:
527:separation of religion and state
133:
23:
3093:Islamic Association of Teachers
2893:Political organizations in Iran
2767:Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty
2439:Ashraf, Ahmad (5 April 2012) .
34:needs additional citations for
3143:Office for Strengthening Unity
579:against the government of Dr.
563:1953 Coup d'etat and aftermath
1:
3118:Islamic Iran Solidarity Party
3033:Development and Justice Party
725:Islamic Revolutionary Council
699:Islamic Revolutionary Council
523:Charter of the United Nations
3238:Movement of Militant Muslims
3008:Summit of Freethinkers Party
2969:Islamic Society of Employees
2954:Islamic Society of Engineers
2932:Combatant Clergy Association
2532:American Sociological Review
2326:Houchang E. Chehabi (1990).
1019:Total Years of Imprisonment
1016:Total No. of Those Arrested
996:Imprisonment of FMI Members
594:National Resistance Movement
235:Ahmad Sadr Haj Sayyed Javadi
3333:Nationalist parties in Iran
3303:1961 establishments in Iran
3226:Party of the Iranian People
2974:Islamic Society of Athletes
2964:Islamic Society of Students
2697:Bill Samii (3 March 2003),
2624:. I.B.Tauris. p. 155.
2355:. I.B.Tauris. p. 183.
2330:. I.B.Tauris. p. 156.
991:Imprisonment of FMI members
684:Cabinet of Mehdi Bazargan (
482:
464:Liberation Movement of Iran
3364:
3138:Islamic Assembly of Ladies
2376:Spellman, Kathryn (2008).
2300:People's Mujahedin of Iran
715:Interim Government of Iran
686:Interim Government of Iran
536:despite its rejection for
58:"Freedom Movement of Iran"
3261:
3013:Fadayeen of Islam Society
2899:
2412:Buchta, Wilfried (2000),
2197:
1018:
1015:
1012:
1010:Number of Those Arrested
1009:
1006:
1003:
1000:
897:
894:
891:
888:
884:Head of Political office
810:
807:
804:
801:
433:
132:
3348:Freedom Movement of Iran
3165:Popular Party of Reforms
2909:House of Parties of Iran
2544:10.1177/0003122413508285
670:Islamic Republic of Iran
550:House of Parties of Iran
460:Freedom Movement of Iran
154:Head of Political office
126:Freedom Movement of Iran
3323:Liberal parties in Iran
2949:Islamic Coalition Party
606:constitutional monarchy
3190:The Green Path of Hope
1013:Years of Imprisonment
755:
689:
585:Prime Minister of Iran
572:
304:; 63 years ago
3274:Banned/Exiled parties
723:
683:
570:
525:. It believes in the
483:Nahżat-e āzādi-e Irān
3253:Nation Party of Iran
3185:National Trust Party
3175:Kurdish United Front
3148:Islamic Labour Party
2450:Encyclopædia Iranica
542:2003 local elections
486:) is an Iranian pro-
407:National affiliation
349:Internal Publication
43:improve this article
2792:Middle East Journal
2769:, 18 September 2017
2686:on 9 February 2019.
997:
885:
798:
503:National Front (II)
368:Iranian nationalism
3209:Anti-establishment
2661:on 4 November 2013
2506:. pp. 91–92.
995:
933:Abbas Amir-Entezam
883:
797:Secretary-General
796:
756:
690:
573:
571:Mohammad Mosaddegh
507:Mohammad Mossadegh
378:Islamic liberalism
164:Head of Youth Wing
3290:
3289:
3248:Pan-Iranist Party
3018:Ansar-e Hezbollah
2927:The Two Societies
2751:. 4 October 2004.
2480:Durham University
2230:
2229:
1276:Haj Sayyed Javadi
987:
986:
980:
979:
967:Mohammad Tavasoli
915:Mohammad Tavasoli
879:
878:
864:Mohammad Tavasoli
767:, invaded Iran).
623:Ruhollah Khomeini
581:Mohammad Mossadeq
480:
456:
455:
443:Political parties
388:Constitutionalism
383:Liberal democracy
373:Islamic democracy
230:Ezzatollah Sahabi
193:Mahmoud Taleghani
148:Mohammad Tavasoli
143:Secretary-General
119:
118:
111:
93:
3355:
3281:Historic parties
3233:Freedom Movement
2904:Politics of Iran
2891:
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2879:
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2734:
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2718:
2712:
2711:
2710:
2708:
2694:
2688:
2687:
2682:. Archived from
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2666:
2647:
2636:
2635:
2617:
2611:
2610:
2608:
2606:
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2527:
2518:
2517:
2504:Brill Publishers
2495:
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2445:Yarshater, Ehsan
2436:
2427:
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2342:
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2244:
2243:
2242:
1969:Mohammad-Hossein
998:
976:
886:
873:
799:
792:
775:the election of
753:Mousavi Ardebili
672:took its place.
666:Shapour Bakhtiar
577:1953 coup d'état
546:Guardian Council
496:loyal opposition
485:
475:
473:
472:نهضت آزادی ايران
438:Politics of Iran
428:
415:
312:
310:
305:
302:17 May 1961
289:
285:Sadeq Tabatabaei
281:
273:
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144:
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100:
94:
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51:
27:
19:
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3286:
3267:Electoral lists
3257:
3204:
3123:Democracy Party
3059:
2913:
2895:
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2883:
2846:
2841:
2840:
2831:
2830:
2826:
2804:10.3751/66.4.13
2789:
2788:
2781:
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2770:
2761:
2760:
2756:
2749:Financial Times
2743:
2742:
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2294:Splinter groups
2261:Politics portal
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354:
342:Payam-e-Mojahed
317:Split from
308:
306:
303:
294:
287:
280:(United States)
279:
277:Sadeq Qotbzadeh
272:(United States)
271:
269:Mostafa Chamran
264:(United States)
263:
255:
247:
246:
241:
226:Ahmad Alibabaei
198:Yadollah Sahabi
182:
181:
158:Ghaffar Farzadi
142:
128:
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115:
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98:
95:
52:
50:
40:
28:
17:
12:
11:
5:
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3216:National Front
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2979:Zeynab Society
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2845:
2844:External links
2842:
2839:
2838:
2824:
2798:(4): 613–627,
2779:
2754:
2736:
2713:
2689:
2671:
2637:
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2482:. p. 122.
2478:(PhD thesis).
2464:
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2384:. p. 21.
2382:Berghahn Books
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828:Mehdi Bazargan
825:
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1022:
999:
990:
983:
973:
970:
968:
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962:
961:
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954:
952:
951:Ebrahim Yazdi
949:
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849:
847:
846:Ebrahim Yazdi
844:
841:
840:
837:
834:
831:
829:
826:
823:
822:
818:
815:
814:
800:
794:
793:
786:
784:
782:
781:Ibrahim Yazdi
778:
777:Hasan Rouhani
773:
772:Ebrahim Yazdi
768:
766:
762:
761:war with Iraq
754:
750:
746:
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734:
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635:United States
628:
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547:
544:in which the
543:
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492:Mossadeghists
489:
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261:Ebrahim Yazdi
259:
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236:
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231:
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207:Mansour Ataei
206:
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81:
77:
74:
70:
67:
63:
60: –
59:
55:
54:Find sources:
48:
44:
38:
37:
32:This article
30:
26:
21:
20:
3279:
3272:
3265:
3232:
3153:Worker House
2919:Principlists
2827:
2795:
2791:
2771:, retrieved
2766:
2757:
2748:
2739:
2728:, retrieved
2722:
2716:
2705:, retrieved
2699:
2692:
2684:the original
2674:
2663:, retrieved
2659:the original
2654:
2621:
2615:
2603:. Retrieved
2600:the Guardian
2599:
2589:
2570:
2535:
2531:
2499:
2474:
2467:
2457:12 September
2455:. Retrieved
2448:
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2275:Eponym Group
1911:Mohammad-Ali
1447:Amir-Hossein
981:
769:
757:
733:Mahdavi Kani
691:
646:
632:
615:
574:
554:
531:
500:
463:
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347:
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333:
253:Ali Shariati
217:Abbas Sami'i
213:Abbas Radnia
168:Emad Bahavar
105:
96:
86:
79:
72:
65:
53:
41:Please help
36:verification
33:
3055:YEKTA Front
3038:Green Party
2723:Iran Report
2700:Iran Report
2605:30 November
2283:(1986–1990)
2271:(1977–1980)
2247:Iran portal
709:, Ardalan,
414:(1961–1965)
210:Rahim Ataei
203:Hasan Nazih
99:August 2017
3297:Categories
3221:Iran Party
3195:NEDA Party
3065:Reformists
2773:21 October
2631:1860645615
2513:9004119825
2362:1860645615
2337:1850431981
2313:References
2030:Mohagheghi
1972:Bani Asadi
1856:Bastenegar
1740:Mansourian
1682:Sabbaghian
1563:Ezzatollah
1389:Ali-Asghar
787:Leadership
694:referendum
521:, and the
421:Parliament
309:1961-05-17
69:newspapers
2820:144299252
2665:10 August
1943:Hadizadeh
1885:Tavassoli
1769:Taleghani
1621:Fereshteh
1247:Alibabaei
1099:Abbas-Ali
619:Ali Amini
488:democracy
477:romanized
462:(FMI) or
448:Elections
327:Newspaper
288:(Germany)
2812:23361620
2552:13189214
2233:See also
2172:Yadollah
1882:Mohammad
1853:Mohammad
1827:Motamedi
1798:Bazargan
1624:Bazargan
1363:Shariati
1334:Alizadeh
1305:Ghofrani
1189:Bazargan
1186:Abolfazl
1157:Abolfazl
1131:Bazargan
1128:Abdolali
1044:Sheybani
1030:Pahlavi
1024:Pahlavi
919:Unknown
745:Banisadr
741:Khamenei
729:Bazargan
711:Forouhar
703:Komitehs
648:Ettelaat
583:who was
511:platform
397:Religion
360:Ideology
256:(France)
174:Founders
2447:(ed.).
2114:Mostafa
2085:Mostafa
2059:Eshfagh
2056:Morteza
1766:Mahmoud
1737:Khosrow
1653:Farzadi
1650:Ghaffar
1537:Behavar
1505:Ebrahim
1421:Khorram
1392:Gharavi
1102:Moslehi
1007:Family
895:Tenure
872:Present
808:Tenure
707:Sanjabi
479::
468:Persian
427:0 / 290
307: (
299:Founded
83:scholar
2818:
2810:
2730:15 May
2707:15 May
2628:
2577:
2550:
2510:
2420:
2388:
2359:
2334:
2308:(2000)
2302:(1965)
2289:(2005)
2277:(1980)
2222:128.8
2198:TOTAL
2175:Sahabi
2117:Mofidi
2088:Meskin
2027:Mohsen
2001:Jafari
1679:Hashem
1595:Taheri
1566:Sahabi
1476:Bagher
1450:Kazemi
1218:Rezaei
1160:Hakimi
1073:Radnia
982:
749:Habibi
737:Sahabi
661:Tehran
657:Tabriz
639:Europe
602:Majlis
466:(LMI;
245:Abroad
85:
78:
71:
64:
56:
2816:S2CID
2808:JSTOR
2548:S2CID
2443:. In
2146:Ataei
2143:Rahim
1914:Rajai
1824:Mehdi
1795:Mehdi
1787:11.3
1711:Ganji
1708:Jafar
1642:0.03
1592:Farid
1584:12.2
1508:Yazdi
1479:Alavi
1294:0.03
1273:Ahmad
1244:Ahmad
1120:0.04
1070:Abbas
1062:10.2
1041:Abbas
1004:Name
958:1995
903:From
892:Name
816:From
805:Name
643:SAVAK
515:Islam
401:Islam
335:Mizan
90:JSTOR
76:books
2775:2017
2732:2017
2709:2017
2667:2015
2626:ISBN
2607:2022
2575:ISBN
2508:ISBN
2459:2016
2418:ISBN
2386:ISBN
2357:ISBN
2332:ISBN
2216:59.6
2213:69.2
2193:4.0
2164:0.5
2135:0.4
2106:0.5
2077:0.4
2048:5.5
2019:4.0
1990:2.3
1961:0.3
1932:0.1
1903:5.3
1874:4.0
1845:5.3
1816:6.7
1778:11.3
1758:5.1
1729:4.2
1700:4.3
1671:0.5
1613:3.2
1575:10.8
1555:5.0
1534:Emad
1526:1.2
1497:0.2
1468:0.8
1439:6.0
1418:Amir
1410:1.8
1381:3.3
1352:1.1
1323:0.1
1288:0.03
1265:6.0
1236:3.0
1215:Ahad
1207:0.9
1178:4.3
1149:3.0
1114:0.04
1091:2.0
1053:10.2
1033:IRI
1027:IRI
975:2017
971:1995
955:1979
940:1979
937:1978
922:1978
898:Ref
868:2017
853:2017
850:1995
835:1995
832:1961
811:Ref
759:the
637:and
589:Shah
458:The
180:List
62:news
2800:doi
2540:doi
2219:107
2184:4.0
2155:0.5
2129:0.4
2100:0.5
2097:0.0
2071:0.4
2068:0.0
2042:5.5
2010:4.0
1984:1.7
1981:0.6
1955:0.3
1923:0.1
1897:4.3
1894:1.0
1865:4.0
1839:5.3
1807:6.7
1752:5.1
1723:4.2
1694:3.8
1691:0.5
1665:0.5
1607:3.2
1578:1.3
1549:5.0
1520:1.2
1491:0.2
1462:0.8
1433:6.0
1404:1.8
1372:3.3
1360:Ali
1346:1.1
1331:Ali
1317:0.1
1302:Ali
1256:6.0
1230:3.0
1201:0.9
1169:4.3
1143:3.0
1082:2.0
1001:No
906:To
819:To
653:Qom
45:by
3299::
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2806:,
2796:66
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2207:37
2169:40
2140:39
2111:38
2082:37
2053:36
2024:35
1995:34
1966:33
1937:32
1908:31
1879:30
1850:29
1821:28
1792:27
1763:26
1734:25
1705:24
1676:23
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1589:20
1560:19
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1328:11
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1987:3
1978:2
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1958:1
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1900:6
1891:5
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1038:1
963:4
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842:2
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