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101:. Although the pursuit of those goals was supposed to be largely peaceful, the fact of Soviet domination over Poland and the increasingly hostile and provocative behavior of local communists frequently resulted in WiN having its hand forced and in military confrontation. Although the WiN forces were well-armed and highly disciplined, they could not hope to fight a prolonged guerrilla war against the Soviet
50:
298:
was that inside information had been provided to the Soviet
Intelligence services by "moles". The Gehlen Organization was an intelligence agency that was established in June 1946 by US occupation authorities in West Germany and controlled by the
109:
units, a fact clearly understood by the leadership. Thus, to the extent possible WiN attempted instead to concentrate not on military action but rather on providing assistance (false documents and money) for former soldiers of
200:. By 1946, that was reduced to Central and Southern. In January 1947 WiN called on the Polish People's Party to boycott the Soviet-sponsored elections and to await intervention by Western Allies.
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exterminated most of the leadership, and by 1953, the organization had been destroyed. Nonetheless, individual units continued to fight for Polish independence until 1963.
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231:(UPA). By spring 1947 in the Lublin region and Podlasie, the WiN had signed an armistice with the UPA. Occasionally, WiN and UPA cooperated in destroying
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issued by the communist authorities. Instead, many were killed. Members of the organization were accused of plotting the overthrow of the
220:
143:
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185:, which had also been infiltrated by Soviet agents). Thereafter, the organization was run by former members of the Home Army.
501:("The Polish Anti-Soviet Underground in the Eastern Borderlands of the Second Polish Republic, 1939–1941 and 1944–1952")".
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248:
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Information published later indicated that one of the reasons for the failure of the WIN mission to Poland by the
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In
October 1949, Tomasz Gołąb, one of its members, founded the anticommunist underground organization of the
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204:
283:. The show trials for most of the leadership took place in 1947. The Communist repression apparatus under
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WiN was initially divided into three different geographical operational theatres: Western, run out of
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In 1946, the new WiN leadership decided to subordinate the organization's structures to the Polish
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178:
510:
432:
385:
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150:. Members of the organization were persecuted by both the Soviets and the local communists.
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Polska konspiracja antysowiecka na
Kresach Wschodnich II RP w latach 1939–1941 i 1944–1952"
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leadership, recognizing their common origins and similar goals of ridding both Poland and
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In April 1947, many WiN members came out of hiding to take advantage of an apparent
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284:
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to
Freedom and Independence members, with the WiN logo which incorporated a cross,
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region. The WiN's soldiers liberated many Soviet jails in Poland and killed
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The WiN was the first to carry the news of the falsification of the
509:(in Polish). Warszawa / London: ISP PAN / RYTM. pp. 157–251.
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and communist agents. However, the organization was penetrated by
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organisation founded on
September 2, 1945, and active until 1952.
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in the West. Simultaneously, it limited its support for the
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agents, and its security compromised as early as late 1945.
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along with the Polish leaders in the West such as
General
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organizations believed not to be allied with the
Soviets.
437:
Krajowa Armia
Podziemna w powiecie prudnickim 1949-1952
158:
agents carried out a bloody war with its 30,000 men in
324:
October 1946 to
January 5, 1947: Lieutenant-Colonel
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330:January 1947 to November 1947: Lieutenant-Colonel
243:). Similar agreements were reached in May 1945 in
312:September 2, 1945, to November 5, 1945: Colonel
93:The main purpose of its activity was to prevent
227:of the Soviets, WiN engaged in talks with the
8:
235:establishments (such as in a joint May 1946
318:November 1945 to October 18, 1946: Colonel
27:Polish anticommunist organisation (1945-52)
449:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
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408:
263:Łukasz Ciepliński, last president of WiN.
370:
156:Ministerstwo Bezpieczeństwa Publicznego
544:Anti-communist organisations in Poland
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381:Akcje specjalne: od Bieruta do Ochaba
7:
97:domination over Poland and to fight
67:Freedom and Independence Association
486:Doomed Soldiers – The Untold Story
25:
414:Dr. Janusz Marek Kurtyka, Ph.D.,
359:Public execution in Dębica (1946)
239:on secret police headquarters in
75:Zrzeszenie Wolność i Niezawisłość
471:. April 21, 1947. Archived from
215:Talks with Ukrainian underground
148:United Nations Security Council
144:1946 Polish people's referendum
138:, one of the presidents of WiN.
534:Polish dissident organisations
1:
539:National liberation movements
384:. Wydawn. "69". p. 116.
211:and its vicinity until 1952.
89:Political goals and realities
247:, as well as April 1945 in
196:; and Southern, run out of
81:) was a Polish underground
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465:"POLAND: Out of the Woods"
420:Instytut Pamięci Narodowej
146:in an announcement to the
320:Franciszek Niepokólczycki
136:Franciszek Niepokólczycki
229:Ukrainian Insurgent Army
219:Despite protests by the
18:Freedom and Independence
378:Henryk Piecuch (1996).
505:Melting Pot of Nations
264:
192:; Central, run out of
139:
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63:
47:
497:Wnuk, Rafał (2002). "
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205:Underground Home Army
183:Polish People's Party
133:
116:National Armed Forces
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33:
475:on February 3, 2012.
354:Attack on Hrubieszów
289:Stanislaw Radkiewicz
207:, which operated in
172:Urząd Bezpieczeństwa
326:Wincenty Kwieciński
296:Gehlen Organization
433:Ratajczak, Dariusz
265:
140:
126:Initial activities
64:
48:
391:978-83-86244-05-8
332:Łukasz Ciepliński
273:People's Republic
179:Supreme Commander
120:Polish resistance
16:(Redirected from
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520:
503:Tygiel narodów (
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439:. Opole-Gliwice.
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277:Władysław Anders
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344:Cursed soldiers
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245:Ruda Różaniecka
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40:crown of thorns
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349:Emilia Malessa
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60:Lower Silesian
58:honouring the
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516:83-88794-72-8
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168:collaborators
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154:soldiers and
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83:anticommunist
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481:
473:the original
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422:IPN, Poland.
395:. Retrieved
380:
373:
314:Jan Rzepecki
293:
285:Jakub Berman
266:
218:
202:
187:
176:
141:
92:
78:
66:
65:
62:unit of WiN.
44:Polish eagle
34:Monument in
488:, homepage.
528:Categories
365:References
307:Presidents
255:Final days
241:Hrubieszów
118:and other
54:Plaque in
445:cite book
249:Siedliska
164:Lubelskie
112:Home Army
99:communism
435:(1996).
338:See also
279:and the
160:Mazowsze
103:Red Army
269:amnesty
225:Ukraine
209:Prudnik
56:Wrocław
36:Rzeszów
513:
388:
237:attack
233:Soviet
198:Kraków
194:Warsaw
190:Poznań
95:Soviet
71:Polish
397:4 May
134:Col.
77:, or
511:ISBN
469:Time
451:link
399:2012
386:ISBN
287:and
162:and
152:NKVD
107:NKVD
105:and
42:and
418:by
301:CIA
281:CIA
221:DSZ
79:WiN
530::
467:.
447:}}
443:{{
407:^
303:.
251:.
114:,
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519:.
507:)
453:)
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69:(
46:.
20:)
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