966:). When a specified event happens, the estate may become void or subject to annulment. There are two types of defeasible estates: fee simple determinable and the fee simple subject to a condition subsequent. If the grantor uses durational language in the condition such as "to A. as long as the land is used for a park", then upon the happening of the specified event (in this case if the land is used for anything other than a park), the estate will automatically terminate and revert to the grantor or the grantor's estate; this is called a fee simple determinable. If the grantor uses language such as "but if alcohol is served", then the grantor or the heirs have a right of entry if the condition occurs, but the estate does not automatically revert to the grantor; this is a fee simple subject to a condition subsequent. In most jurisdictions in the United States these concepts have been modified by statute. Fee simple determinable was generally preferred by courts in the common law of the early United States. Recently, that trend has reversed, and most courts in the United States will find a fee simple subject to condition subsequent in situations where the conveying document's language is unclear.
144:
910:, although this is uncommon. In the United States, life estates are most commonly used either to grant someone use of the property for the remainder of that person's life in a will, or by a grantor to reserve the right to continue using the property for the remainder of the grantor's life after it is sold. The right to ownership of the property after the death of the life estate owner is called the
36:
864:. Traditionally, fee tail was created by words of grant such as "to N. and the male heirs of his body", which would restrict those who could inherit the property. If no heirs could be found, then the property would revert to the original grantor's heirs. Most common law countries have abolished entailment by statute.
762:, then this might require providing many different services, such as providing horses in time of war or acting as the king's ceremonial butler. These fiefs gave rise to a complex relationship between landlord and tenant, involving duties on both sides. For example, in return for receiving his tenant's
893:
Rules requiring words of general inheritance to create fee simple by conveyance have been abolished by statute in the United States. To convey an estate in fee simple at common law, the deed or will must state "to B and his heirs". Anything short of those words transferred a smaller estate.
1000:
is usually similarly owned in fee simple, but typically subject to rules in the declaration of condominium or created by the condominium association, such as paying required monthly fees for maintaining the property's common areas; however, these are generally treated legally as
995:
and the revenue generated is directed to the municipality's general fund. Other local tax assessments called "special purpose taxes" may be assessed in addition to the property taxes for specific purposes such as infrastructure improvements. Real estate owned as a
872:
An estate in fee simple denotes the maximum ownership in land that can be legally granted; it is the greatest possible aggregate of rights, powers, privileges and immunities available in land. The three hallmarks of the fee simple estate are that it is
840:
defined fee simple as the estate in land that a person has when the lands are given to him and his heirs absolutely, without any end or limit put to his estate. Land held in fee simple can be conveyed to whomsoever its owner pleases; it can also be
695:, whereas the highest possible form of ownership is a "fee simple absolute", which is without limitations on the land's use (such as qualifiers or conditions that disallow certain uses of the land or subject the vested interest to termination).
897:
Modern deeds usually follow a standardized form. There is a presumption that the testator intends to convey his or her property in fee simple unless the will indicates an intention to transfer a smaller estate, such as a life estate.
805:– which is what is owned rather than the land it represents. The fee simple estate is also called "estate in fee simple" or "fee-simple title", or sometimes simply "freehold" in England and Wales. From the start of the
821:
could not alienate (sell) it from the possession of his overlord. However, a tenant could separate a parcel of the land and grant it as a subordinate fief to his own sub-tenant, a process known as sub-enfeoffing or
982:
may exist requiring a freeholder to pay a fixed sum of money closely resembling rent, and many jurisdictions have created financial obligations that may be imposed on a freehold estate. England and Wales impose an
954:. A fee simple absolute is the highest estate permitted by law, and it gives the holder full possessory rights and obligations now and in the future. Other fee simple estates in real property include
856:, a land ownership that terminates upon the grantee's (or another person's) death even if the land had been granted to a third party, or a term of years, a lease for a specified term, such as in an
849:
in fee simple have the privilege of interest in the property during their lifetime and typically have a say in determining who gets to own an interest in the property after their death.
942:. Retained life estate gifts often involve agreements about acceptable uses of the property, payment of real estate taxes, property maintenance, etc. during the donor's lifetime.
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770:, the overlord had a duty to protect his tenant. When feudal land tenure was abolished, all fiefs became "simple", without conditions attached to the tenancy.
1005:(contracts binding on the possessors of real property) imposing an affirmative duty to pay money rather than as rent for property held in fee simple.
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for the gift of their remainder interest in the property, and at the donor's death, the property passes to the organization without being subject to
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If previous grantors of a fee simple estate do not create any conditions for subsequent grantees, then the title is called
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860:. A fee also could be limited through the method of its inheritance, such as by an "entailment", which created a
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American
Heritage Dictionary of the English language, editions with the Index of Indo-European Roots, under peku
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or similar obligations are due from the owner of property in fee simple is only partially true. For example, a
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of all land in
England, meaning that it was the ultimate "owner" of all land in the past feudal era.
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In the United States, retained life estates are often used by donors who intend to leave property as
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ownership. A "fee" is a vested, inheritable, present possessory interest in land. A "fee simple" is
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while retaining the use of the property during their lifetimes. The donor receives a
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The rights of the fee-simple owner are limited by government powers of
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Moynihan's
Introduction to the Law of Real Property, Sheldon F. Kurtz
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interest in the grantor if the condition fails; this is a
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existed in several varieties, most of which involved the
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Many jurisdictions retain the possibility of creating a
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is reserved to governments under a civil law structure.
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having to supply some service to his overlord, such as
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held without limit of time (i.e., permanently) under
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60:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1178:, (London: George Bell and Sons, 1910), 149–150.
1051:in English. The root appears in Modern German as
1047:, money, also comes from this root and becomes
1039:ultimately goes back to the Indo-European root
1176:Select Historical Documents of the Middle Ages
797:However, the Crown can grant ownership in an
714:, and may also be limited further by certain
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1016:– A right in law to the use of land; i.e. a
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1031:unrestricted as to transfer of ownership.
889:Creation and characteristic of fee simple
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229:Lost, mislaid, and abandoned property
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1117:"What Is Fee Simple In Real Estate?"
58:adding citations to reliable sources
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1140:Indiana Court of Appeals (2007).
845:or put up as security. Owners of
918:and is not a right in property.
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813:was introduced to England, the
45:needs additional citations for
27:Form of freehold land ownership
1024:– in the unconstrained sense:
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536:Lateral and subjacent support
1143:Jensen v. City of New Albany
503:Practicing without a license
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429:Doctrine of worthier title
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560:Conflict of property laws
416:Rule against perpetuities
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932:charitable organizations
960:fee simple determinable
411:Restraint on alienation
18:Freehold (property law)
1121:www.rocketmortgage.com
728:fee simple conditional
438:Nonpossessory interest
1174:Henderson, Ernest F.
956:fee simple defeasible
718:or conditions in the
387:Action to quiet title
1238:Feudalism in England
1182:retrieved 2007-10-31
1071:Freehold (Scots law)
382:Equitable conversion
54:improve this article
952:fee simple absolute
946:Types of fee simple
748:Feudal land tenures
704:compulsory purchase
677:fee simple absolute
524:prior appropriation
472:Equitable servitude
974:The claim that no
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362:Deeds registration
204:Adverse possession
173:Community property
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1146:. 868 N.E.2d 525.
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826:". The 1290
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683:, a form of
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590:Contract law
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315:Condominiums
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151:Part of the
136:Property law
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69:"Fee simple"
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52:Please help
47:verification
44:
1243:Land tenure
1093:Life estate
998:condominium
908:life estate
902:Life estate
883:descendible
854:life estate
669:English law
325:Land tenure
320:Real estate
283:Life estate
191:Acquisition
1228:Common law
1222:Categories
1126:2023-07-27
980:rentcharge
774:Common law
693:common law
673:fee simple
631:Common law
580:common law
541:Assignment
401:Future use
272:Fee simple
249:Alienation
153:common law
80:newspapers
1152:cite book
1088:Leasehold
1049:pecuniary
1009:Etymology
987:. In the
879:devisable
875:alienable
843:mortgaged
811:feudalism
724:reversion
565:Blackacre
498:Partition
346:purchaser
344:Bona fide
298:remainder
224:Accession
219:Discovery
110:July 2010
1083:Fee tail
1059:See also
928:bequests
868:Duration
862:fee tail
788:allodium
700:taxation
685:freehold
618:Evidence
595:Tort law
547:Nemo dat
529:riparian
488:Fixtures
467:Covenant
462:Usufruct
452:Easement
421:Rule in
377:Mortgage
277:Fee tail
239:Bailment
214:Conquest
1180:Excerpt
1045:pecunia
940:probate
828:Statute
786:or the
734:History
712:escheat
608:estates
403:control
392:Escheat
244:License
94:scholar
1022:Simple
916:equity
815:tenant
807:Norman
768:homage
764:fealty
752:tenant
744:feudal
710:, and
679:is an
604:trusts
578:Other
457:Profit
155:series
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82:
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1104:Notes
1041:*peku
780:Crown
600:Wills
582:areas
493:Waste
160:Types
101:JSTOR
87:books
1162:link
1158:link
1053:Vieh
1018:fief
976:rent
970:Rent
964:deed
958:(or
881:and
819:fief
782:had
740:fief
720:deed
671:, a
629:and
606:and
447:Lien
209:Deed
199:Gift
73:news
1037:fee
1014:Fee
930:to
830:of
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675:or
667:In
627:Law
56:by
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