129:"). Both express doubts regarding religious faith and questioned the values of those who called themselves Christians and did not act through with their words or beliefs. Frik was a devoted Christian, but his poems contemplate fate and question how a just God could allow so much injustice and misery to exist in the world. As Peter Cowe notes, Soviet scholars regarded the poems "Complaint to Christ" and "Against Fate" as expressing a "novel iconoclastic attitude towards organized religion," but, in reality, this type of poem has a long history in the Judeo-Christian tradition.
74:. Based on information and allusions in his poetry, it is believed that Frik was an educated and once wealthy man who was plagued by debts and misfortunes, perhaps due to an unsuccessful business endeavor. Frik's son was kidnapped by Mongols, and he traveled the kingdom searching for his son (alternatively, he was forced to give up his son as security for a debt). Scholars disagree on whether Frik was a layman or a member of the clergy. He spent the last years of his life in a monastery, although it is not known for certain if he became a monk.
24:
70:. Very little is known about his life. It is not known whether his name was really Frik or not. It may be a pseudonym or an abbreviated form of his original name, possibly a shortening of the name Frederik. His father's name was Tagvorshah. The scholar Hakob Zhamkochian considers it likely that Frik was from Western Armenia due to the similarity of his Armenian to the literary language of
532:
116:
Many of Frik's poems contain criticisms of Mongol rule, the wealthy, the clergy, social inequality, injustice, and human vices, sometimes in a satirical manner. A greater number of his poems, however, are on religious and moral topics; Norair
Bogharian compares these to sermons. Two of his well-known
249:
96:
sprinkled with vernacular and foreign words. He was the first
Armenian poet whose works are almost all in Middle Armenian. His writing shows that he had a knowledge of the Bible and other religious texts. It also displays the influence of the famed religious poet
49:
poet of the 13th and 14th centuries. He wrote on both secular and religious topics, and many of his poems are characterized by social criticism. He was the first
Armenian poet to compose almost all of his works in the
113:. Frik's poems were meant to be sung, and some of them are preserved with notes that indicate to which tune they should be sung. His poems were sung by Armenian bards over the course of the medieval period.
132:
Frik remained popular until the 16th century, and interest in him was revived in the second half of the 19th century. The first (incomplete) collection of Frik's poems was published in 1930.
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The
Armenian People from Ancient to Modern Times, Volume I: The Dynastic Periods: From Antiquity to the Fourteenth Century
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71:
92:). Frik wrote his secular poems in colloquial language, while his religious and other works are written in literary
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More than 50 of Frik's poems have survived. He apparently collected them in one book, which was called
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101:. In turn, he is said to have had a great influence on the works of later Armenian poets such as
473:] (in Armenian). Vol. 4. Yerevan: HSSH GA hratarakchʻutʻyun. pp. 289–342, 456–466.
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The
Heritage of Armenian Literature, Volume II: From the Sixth to the Eighteenth Century
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206:"Two Mediaeval Armenian Poems by Frik and Aṙak'el Bałišec'i: Translations and Comments"
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A History of
Armenian Literature: From Ancient Times to the Nineteenth Century
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492:(in Armenian). New York: Armenian General Benevolent Union Melkonian Fund.
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Cowe, Peter (1997). "Medieval
Armenian Literary and Cultural Trends". In
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The full critical collection of Frik's works with an accompanying study.
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17:
557:
168:; Basmajian, Gabriel; Franchuk, Edward S.; Ouzounian, Nourhan (2000).
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511:] (in Armenian). Yerevan: Haykakan SSṚ GA hratarakchʻutʻyun.
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425:"The Role of Morphologic Variation in Medieval Armenian Poetry"
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Frik lived approximately from 1230 to 1310, during the time of
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New
Approaches to Medieval Armenian Language and Literature
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New
Approaches to Medieval Armenian Language and Literature
266:"Models for the Interpretation of Medieval Armenian Poetry"
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204:Stone, Michael; PĹŤĹ‚arean, Norayr (October 2023).
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248:] (in Armenian). Vol. 12. pp.
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315:. New York: St. Martin's Press. pp.
16:Not to be confused with the cereal grain
422:Weitenberg, Jos J. S. (1 January 1995).
140:
554:Digital Library of Armenian Literature
400:Stone, M. E.; Bourjekian, P. (2001).
342:"A Taste of Medieval Armenian Poetry"
7:
508:Frik under a historicocritical light
340:Arnavoudian, Eddie (23 March 2009).
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385:. Caravan Books. pp. 373–383.
117:poems are "Complaint to Christ" ("
14:
402:"Translations of Frik 1, 2 and 3"
263:Cowe, S. Peter (1 January 1995).
530:
241:Haykakan sovetakan hanragitaran
626:Ara the Beautiful and Shamiram
125:
119:
1:
503:Frikě patmakʻnnakan luysi tak
379:Hairapetian, Srbouhi (1995).
346:Armenian News Network/Groong
246:Armenian Soviet Encyclopedia
174:Wayne State University Press
1194:14th-century Armenian poets
1184:13th-century Armenian poets
539:has quotations related to:
478:Archbishop Tirayre (1952).
84:
1210:
1109:Yeremia Chelebi Keomurjian
844:Hovhannes Draskhanakerttsi
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123:") and "Against Fate" ("
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305:Hovannisian, Richard G.
889:Nerses IV the Gracious
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874:Aristakes Lastivertsi
854:Movses Kaghankatvatsi
238:Pivazyan, E. "Frik".
26:
1149:Shahamir Shahamirian
1069:XVII—XVIII centuries
1046:Grigoris Aghtamartsi
964:Khachatur Kecharetsi
954:Kostandin Yerznkatsi
934:Mekhitar of Ayrivank
919:Sempad the Constable
849:Ukhtanes of Sebastia
767:David the Invincible
739:Faustus of Byzantium
631:Artashes and Satenik
436:. pp. 121–134.
111:Grigoris Aghtamartsi
103:Hovhannes Tlkurantsi
1189:Armenian male poets
1179:14th-century deaths
1174:13th-century births
1134:Esai Hasan-Jalalian
1124:Khachatur Erzrumtsi
929:Hovhannes Erznkatsi
879:Hovhannes Imastaser
589:Armenian literature
499:Hovhannisian, Ashot
352:on 25 February 2022
176:. pp. 524–33.
166:Hacikyan, Agop Jack
99:Nerses the Gracious
1036:Arakel Baghishetsi
1026:Hovanes Tlkurantsi
914:Kirakos of Gandzak
277:. pp. 31–32.
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27:Statue of Frik at
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949:Hayton of Corycus
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354:. Retrieved
350:the original
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481:Frik: Diwan
452:In Armenian
172:. Detroit:
29:Matenadaran
1168:Categories
1144:Sayat-Nova
807:Sahakdukht
712:Golden age
373:In English
136:References
85:Frik Girk’
54:language (
52:vernacular
537:Wikiquote
225:2974-6051
219:: 80–81.
213:Armeniaca
62:Biography
45:) was an
734:Yeghishe
664:Sharakan
517:26072046
501:(1955).
461:(1970).
417:: 47–56.
356:26 April
47:Armenian
39:Armenian
802:Ghevond
684:Horovel
307:(ed.).
18:Freekeh
772:Sebeos
719:Koryun
679:Antuni
674:Hayren
654:Genres
616:Vahagn
515:
488:]
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410:Ararat
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323:
317:317–18
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180:
120:Gangat
109:, and
78:Poetry
505:[
490:(PDF)
484:[
470:Works
467:[
464:Erker
434:Brill
405:(PDF)
275:Brill
252:-736.
244:[
221:eISSN
209:(PDF)
924:Frik
669:Tagh
542:Frik
513:OCLC
438:ISBN
387:ISBN
358:2012
321:ISBN
279:ISBN
178:ISBN
43:Ő–Ö€Ő«ŐŻ
35:Frik
552:AUA
550:at
250:735
58:).
1170::
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20:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
