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mode, to prevent damage to the transfer case. Full-time four-wheel drive systems, on the other hand, cannot do without some kind of center differential. The purpose of four-wheel drive is to maintain optimal traction when manually selected. A vehicle has four-wheel drive when the front and rear
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developed an electric vehicle that also had all wheels driven, with an electric motor at each corner, as early as 1899". This layout is designed for off-road vehicles to have the most traction in strenuous situations without losing too much cargo space at the same time. However, the 1903
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system at the expense of having a larger rear powertrain. The Weak architecture produces a vehicle with a large powersplit between the front and rear powertrains, while the Strong architecture recommends a vehicle with more similar power and torque requirements for the front and rear.
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designs. The first origins of it were introduced in the 1820s from steam coach builders
Burstall & Hill. This was then re-created by many other manufactures, such as "British engineer
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driveshafts can be locked together to move at the same speed and send the same amount of torque to all four wheels.
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between the front combustion engine and rear wheels; instead the rear wheels receive power and torque from a rear
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is a 4WD/AWD that powers all wheels evenly (continuously) via a manually lockable center differential, with
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Center transfer case sending power from the transmission to the rear axle (right) and front axle (left)
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driving. In terms of racing purposes, whether it be on-road or off-road, can be described as follows,
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A team that pursues the Weak LS4WD architecture will minimize the development cost of the
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is typically chosen for better control on many surfaces, and is an important part of
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patented a four-wheel-drive system for a traction engine, while in Vienna, Austria,
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Most four-wheel-drive layouts are front-engined and are derivatives of earlier
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The
Benefits of Four-Wheel Drive for a High-Performance FSAE Electric Racecar
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at the front of the vehicle and drives all four roadwheels. This
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Several four-wheel-drive vehicles have been built without a
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This layout is also the drive train of choice for off-road
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62:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
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204:was the first car built with an F4 drive layout.
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8:
152:front-engine, four-wheel drive (4WD) layout
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122:Learn how and when to remove this message
1058:Cabriolet / Convertible / Drophead coupe
133:
1404:Homogeneous charge compression ignition
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250:
71:"Front-engine, four-wheel-drive layout"
326:differentials for both front and rear.
610:"Which Hybrids Have All-Wheel Drive?"
558:"How 4WD, FWD, RWD and AWD all Work?"
474:Massachusetts Institute of Technology
239:. This setup has been mainly used by
18:Front-engine, four-wheel drive layout
7:
60:adding citations to reliable sources
585:"AWD vs. 4WD: Know the Differences"
532:"Four-wheel drive – The Knowledge"
463:Owen, Elliot Douglas (June 2018).
25:
1068:Coupé de Ville / Sedanca de Ville
534:. Octane magazine. Archived from
503:"The Origins of Four-Wheel Drive"
583:Markovich, Tony (17 July 2020).
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189:front-engine, front-wheel drive
47:needs additional citations for
1705:Template:EC car classification
185:front-engine, rear-wheel drive
1:
383:Mitsubishi Lancer Evolution X
530:Malcolm McKay (March 2008).
1742:
1394:Gasoline / petrol
1158:Roadster / Spider / Spyder
156:internal combustion engine
1690:
1534:(engine / drive)
1173:Sedan delivery/Panel van
241:hybrid electric vehicles
27:Automotive configuration
1726:Four-wheel drive layout
1434:Liquified petroleum gas
1246:Driverless (autonomous)
1339:Compressed natural gas
1266:Personal rapid transit
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139:
1605:Dual motor-four-wheel
1203:Town (Coupé de Ville)
442:Toyota Celica GT-Four
172:
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1616:Engine configuration
56:improve this article
1622:internal combustion
1424:Internal combustion
1231:All-terrain vehicle
1153:Retractable hardtop
508:Hemmings Motor News
368:Nissan Skyline GT-R
354:Land Rover Series I
166:racing, as well as
564:. 16 February 2023
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778:Compact executive
370:V Spec II (BNR34)
340:Dodge Power Wagon
338:First-generation
197:Ferdinand Porsche
176:front-wheel drive
144:automotive design
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16:(Redirected from
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1309:Alternative fuel
1123:Multi-stop truck
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616:. 26 August 2020
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511:. December 2019
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672:Classification
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237:electric motor
219:and no center
193:Joseph Diplock
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1570:Rear mid-rear
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1183:Station wagon
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1073:Coupé utility
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887:Sport compact
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799:
798:Minivan / MPV
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614:AutoTrader.ca
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538:on 3 May 2009
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217:transfer case
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209:pickup trucks
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73: –
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67:Find sources:
61:
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51:
50:
45:This article
43:
39:
34:
33:
30:
19:
1583:
1492:Twelve-wheel
1449:Drive wheels
1222:Specialized
1143:Pickup truck
1048:Cabrio coach
892:Sports sedan
867:Grand tourer
618:. Retrieved
613:
604:
592:. Retrieved
588:
578:
566:. Retrieved
561:
552:
540:. Retrieved
536:the original
525:
513:. Retrieved
506:
497:
485:. Retrieved
465:
458:
428:Audi Quattro
293:Jeep Liberty
230:
221:differential
206:
202:Spyker 60 HP
182:
173:
151:
147:
141:
118:
112:October 2021
109:
99:
92:
85:
78:
66:
54:Please help
49:verification
46:
29:
1642:Four-stroke
1542:Front-front
1482:Eight-wheel
1457:Front-wheel
1389:Natural gas
1374:Fossil fuel
1329:Biogasoline
1015:Body styles
943:Vintage car
262:Willys Jeep
233:drive shaft
154:places the
1667:Two-stroke
1563:Front-rear
1556:Rear-front
1472:Four-wheel
1462:Rear-wheel
1301:Propulsion
1291:Voiturette
1276:Flying car
1271:Police car
1236:Amphibious
1148:Quad coupé
1038:Berlinetta
755:Street rod
697:Subcompact
562:Car Decent
482:1080309406
472:(Thesis).
450:References
413:Ferrari FF
398:Subaru WRX
291:2008–2009
277:Troller T4
82:newspapers
1577:Rear-rear
1487:Ten-wheel
1477:Six-wheel
1467:Two-wheel
1379:Fuel cell
1319:Biodiesel
1286:Tow truck
1261:Pedal car
1241:Connected
1213:Vis-Ă -vis
1188:Targa top
1133:Panel van
1128:Notchback
1108:Limousine
1098:Landaulet
1088:Hatchback
1033:Barchetta
1001:S-segment
996:M-segment
991:J-segment
986:F-segment
981:E-segment
976:D-segment
971:C-segment
966:B-segment
961:A-segment
872:Hot hatch
849:Coupe SUV
783:Executive
745:Lead sled
722:Full-size
702:Supermini
589:The Drive
487:2 October
138:F4 layout
1720:Category
1700:Category
1677:W engine
1662:Straight
1419:Hydrogen
1384:Fuel gas
1349:Electric
1224:vehicles
1163:Runabout
1113:Microvan
1103:Liftback
1093:Kammback
1078:Fastback
1053:Cab over
1043:Brougham
788:Personal
760:T-bucket
750:Lowrider
717:Mid-size
620:23 April
247:Examples
168:off-road
1672:V (Vee)
1647:H-block
1413:plug-in
1411: (
1396: (
1366: (
1364:Ethanol
1353:battery
1351: (
1324:Biofuel
1314:Autogas
1281:Taxicab
1256:Gyrocar
1251:Go-kart
1198:Touring
1193:Torpedo
1138:Phaeton
1118:Minibus
1083:Hardtop
928:Economy
923:Classic
918:Antique
902:Go-kart
834:Compact
811:Leisure
806:Compact
740:Hot rod
712:Compact
680:By size
568:1 April
444:(ST205)
96:scholar
1695:Portal
1682:Wankel
1607:
1603:
1600:
1596:
1593:
1589:
1586:
1582:
1579:
1575:
1572:
1568:
1565:
1561:
1558:
1554:
1551:
1547:
1544:
1530:Layout
1409:Hybrid
1344:Diesel
1334:Biogas
1028:Baquet
877:Muscle
859:Sports
770:Luxury
732:Custom
707:Family
665:design
542:24 May
480:
324:Torsen
160:layout
98:
91:
84:
77:
69:
1632:Boxer
1510:Front
1439:Steam
1208:T-top
1063:Coupe
911:Other
897:Super
687:Micro
594:5 May
515:5 May
470:(PDF)
320:HMMWV
260:1943
187:, or
164:rally
150:, or
146:, an
103:JSTOR
89:books
1637:Flat
1520:Rear
882:Pony
844:Mini
816:Mini
622:2022
596:2021
570:2023
544:2009
517:2021
489:2021
478:OCLC
318:The
279:jeep
213:SUVs
211:and
75:news
1515:Mid
1368:E85
1358:NEV
1023:2+2
938:Van
933:Ute
826:SUV
692:Kei
663:Car
400:STI
225:2WD
142:In
58:by
1722::
953:EU
612:.
587:.
560:.
505:.
476:.
385:MR
275:A
148:F4
1624:)
1620:(
1415:)
1400:)
1370:)
1360:)
655:e
648:t
641:v
624:.
598:.
572:.
546:.
519:.
491:.
125:)
119:(
114:)
110:(
100:·
93:·
86:·
79:·
52:.
20:)
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