26:
616:
42:
396:
missing from another. There are also patches of savanna, and the coastal lowlands have patches of herbaceous swamp. The flora is diverse. The upper tiers of the forest may reach a height of 40 metres (130 ft). The trees are mainly evergreen, but may shed leaves in the dry season. The trees hold many epiphytes and parasites, and shrubs and herbaceous plants cover the forest floor.
836:
classes the ecoregion as "Relatively Stable/Intact". As of 1996 relatively little deforestation had occurred, and conservation efforts were being made, but apart from
Suriname there were few conservation areas and rising human pressure on the environment. Guyana is a major exporter of wild birds. The
566:
region of central French Guiana. The Saul region is a dry belt of semi-open forest and patches of savanna that are more characteristic of the
Guayana Lowland province. This region has more than 150 endemic vascular plants, with plants adapted to moderate temperatures in the higher areas and along
395:
The ecoregion is mainly covered by lowland or submontane rainforest, including marsh forest along the rivers. There are an estimated 8,000 vascular plant species, of which half may be endemic. The plant species in the forests change from east to west, with species dominant in one area completely
386:
temperatures vary little throughout the year, slightly warmer in
October and slightly cooler in January. Yearly average temperatures are minimum 21.5 °C (70.7 °F) and maximum 30.5 °C (86.9 °F) with a mean of 26 °C (79 °F). Annual rainfall is 2,700 millimetres
837:
main threats come from illegal gold mining and logging along the unpoliced borders between the
Guyanas and Venezuela and Brazil. A mounting drive to promote tourism might motivate the people to preserve the environment as a source of revenue.
1100:
240:. Scattered patches of this last ecoregion are found on higher ground within the Guianan moist forests ecoregion. To the southwest and in places along its southern border it adjoins large areas of
205:
The
Guianan moist forests ecoregion covers most of Guyana, Suriname, and French Guiana. It covers part of eastern Venezuela and parts of the north of the Brazilian states of
193:. The climate is hot and humid, with two rainy seasons each year. As of 1996 the tropical rainforest habitat was relatively intact, although there were mounting threats from
351:(doldrums). Annual rainfall ranges from 2,000 to 4,000 millimetres (79 to 157 in), with two rainy seasons in December–January and May–August. At a sample location (
324:
74:
612:
epoch the climate changed to favor the present rainforest, and remnants of savanna now cover just 1% of
Suriname. There are more than 800 species of savanna plants.
221:
233:
125:
1013:
347:
is "Af": equatorial, fully humid. The northeastern trade winds carry humidity from the
Atlantic Ocean, fluctuating annually due to the effects of the
303:, a sandstone plateau with an average elevation of 1,000 metres (3,300 ft). It also surrounds tepuis, or tabletop mountains, the highest being
600:
The forests contain patches of savanna, particularly in
Suriname, which may be remnants of the savanna that covered all of Suriname in the
991:
387:(110 in). Monthly rainfall varies from 54.3 millimetres (2.14 in) in October to 406.3 millimetres (16.00 in) in May.
1095:
344:
217:
636:
More than 220 species of mammals have been identified in Guyana alone, of which more than 100 are bats. Endemic species include
1090:
383:
860:
840:
348:
245:
237:
1085:
1080:
605:
715:
354:
805:
332:
225:
707:
677:
620:
786:
746:
328:
276:
and the northern border of Brazil. A small part of the ecoregion in the east is in the lower Amazon basin. The
685:
189:
in the east of
Venezuela, north of Brazil and the Guyanas (Guyana, Suriname and French Guiana). It is in the
1019:
852:
669:
469:
848:
844:
593:
513:
575:
569:
549:
543:
497:
1075:
1036:
Northern South
America: Guyana, Suriname, French Guiana, northern Brazil, and eastern Venezuela (NT0125)
587:
555:
487:
269:
723:
645:
637:
745:
There are many birds species, often the same as in the Guyana Highlands and northern Andes, such as
327:
biome. The ecoregion is part of the Guianan Moist Forests Global Ecoregion, which also includes the
295:
The terrain is mostly plains or low hills, with some steep slopes in river valleys and the bases of
833:
300:
57:
731:
653:
581:
525:
475:
320:
62:
817:
694:
661:
537:
307:
with an elevation of 2,810 metres (9,220 ft). The highlands and tepuis have a distinct
281:
265:
25:
856:
821:
699:
519:
481:
277:
241:
194:
999:
507:
285:
1069:
970:
968:
770:
444:
432:
416:
408:
304:
261:
105:
1049:
955:
953:
879:
877:
875:
797:
778:
615:
440:
424:
400:
273:
216:
Along the Atlantic coast to the east and northeast the ecoregion adjoins strips of
190:
1034:
762:
739:
601:
492:
456:
404:
31:
41:
460:
428:
170:
369:
356:
140:
127:
531:
464:
452:
448:
420:
186:
109:
609:
436:
412:
210:
101:
813:
754:
563:
289:
257:
206:
502:
229:
113:
97:
614:
308:
296:
213:. It has a total area of 51,281,764 hectares (126,720,000 acres).
69:
260:
basin and covers about 65% of the northeast part of the ancient
928:
926:
924:
944:
922:
920:
918:
916:
914:
912:
910:
908:
906:
904:
562:
There are centers of plant diversity in the south and in the
1101:
Neotropical tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests
974:
959:
883:
604:
epoch apart from the river valleys and the high-altitude
559:
are common in some areas but are not found in Suriname.
299:. In the west-central area the ecoregion surrounds the
292:
rivers run through the region to the Atlantic Ocean.
567:
watercourses. There are many palm species including
169:
164:
156:
119:
93:
85:
80:
68:
56:
51:
18:
843:II (National Park) conservation units include the
812:). There are diverse amphibians in the families
932:
325:tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests
264:. It is bounded to the south by the line of the
75:Tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests
1033:Schipper, Jan; Teunissen, Pieter; Lim, Burton,
851:in Suriname. Other protected areas include the
319:The Guianan moist forests ecoregion is in the
8:
895:
256:The ecoregion lies to the east of the lower
222:Amazon-Orinoco-Southern Caribbean mangroves
244:. Most of the southern border adjoins the
234:Guianan piedmont and lowland moist forests
89:512,817 km (198,000 sq mi)
861:Raleigh Falls - Voltzberg Nature Reserve
272:mountains, which defines the rim of the
871:
998:, Myers Enterprises II, archived from
15:
7:
753:), or the Amazon lowlands, such as
945:Guianan Moist Forests – WWF Global
730:). Endangered mammals include the
597:, which is not found in Suriname.
228:. To the northwest it adjoins the
14:
796:Reptiles include the threatened
777:). Endangered birds include the
218:Guianan freshwater swamp forests
40:
24:
384:Central Suriname Nature Reserve
349:Intertropical Convergence Zone
246:Uatuma-Trombetas moist forests
238:Guianan Highlands moist forest
19:Guyana moist forests (NT0125)
1:
975:Guianan moist forests – Myers
960:Guianan moist forests – Myers
933:Schipper, Teunissen & Lim
884:Guianan moist forests – Myers
345:Köppen climate classification
1018:, WWF Global, archived from
841:IUCN protected area category
608:of rainforest. In the early
399:The main plant families are
806:yellow-spotted river turtle
333:Orinoco Delta swamp forests
226:Orinoco Delta swamp forests
160:Af: equatorial, fully humid
1117:
1054:, WWF: World Wildlife Fund
742:(Pteronura brasiliensis).
708:white-faced spiny tree-rat
678:Neotropical pygmy squirrel
621:Neotropical pygmy squirrel
467:. Common species include
716:Schultz's round-eared bat
692:), Guiana bristly mouse (
46:Location in South America
39:
23:
787:yellow-bellied seedeater
747:Guianan cock-of-the-rock
329:Paramaribo swamp forests
1096:Ecoregions of Venezuela
992:"Guianan moist forests"
686:delicate pygmy rice rat
670:red-faced spider monkey
470:Calophyllum brasiliense
1091:Ecoregions of Suriname
853:Imataca Forest Reserve
849:Brownsberg Nature Park
845:Kaieteur National Park
791:Sporophila nigricollis
690:Oligoryzomys delicatus
628:
514:Pentaclethra macroloba
1015:Guianan Moist Forests
783:Aratinga solstitialis
650:Euphractus sexcinctus
618:
556:Warszewiczia coccinea
488:Couroupita guianensis
183:Guianan moist forests
175:Guianan moist forests
1086:Ecoregions of Guyana
1081:Ecoregions of Brazil
761:). Raptors include
724:rufous dog-faced bat
646:six-banded armadillo
638:rufous mouse opossum
594:Bactris sphaerocarpa
834:World Wildlife Fund
810:Podocnemis unifilis
775:Morphnus guianensis
759:Opisthocomus hoazin
728:Molossops neglectus
682:Sciurillus pusillus
625:Sciurillus pusillus
576:Astrocaryum munbaca
570:Astrocaryum mumbaca
550:Coumourana punctata
544:Coumourana punctata
498:Guarea trichiloides
366: /
301:Pacaraima Mountains
137: /
847:in Guyana and the
802:Melanosuchus niger
736:Chiropotes satanas
732:black bearded saki
720:Lophostoma schulzi
704:Coendou insidiosus
654:red-handed tamarin
629:
588:Iriartea excrrhiza
582:Maximiliana maripa
977:, All Endangered.
751:Rupicola rupicola
712:Echimys chrysurus
666:Pithecia pithecia
476:Carapa guianensis
321:Neotropical realm
197:and gold mining.
179:
178:
1108:
1061:
1060:
1059:
1045:
1044:
1043:
1029:
1028:
1027:
1009:
1008:
1007:
978:
972:
963:
957:
948:
942:
936:
930:
899:
896:WildFinder – WWF
893:
887:
881:
695:Neacomys guianae
662:white-faced saki
538:Cedrela fissilis
381:
380:
378:
377:
376:
371:
367:
364:
363:
362:
359:
152:
151:
149:
148:
147:
142:
141:3.990°N 57.180°W
138:
135:
134:
133:
130:
44:
28:
16:
1116:
1115:
1111:
1110:
1109:
1107:
1106:
1105:
1066:
1065:
1064:
1057:
1055:
1048:
1041:
1039:
1032:
1025:
1023:
1012:
1005:
1003:
990:
986:
981:
973:
966:
962:, Climate Data.
958:
951:
943:
939:
931:
902:
894:
890:
886:, WWF Abstract.
882:
873:
869:
857:Iwokrama Forest
830:
822:Leptodactylidae
700:Bahia porcupine
674:Ateles paniscus
634:
482:Ceiba pentandra
393:
374:
372:
368:
365:
360:
357:
355:
353:
352:
341:
317:
254:
242:Guianan savanna
232:ecoregion, the
203:
195:illegal logging
185:(NT0125) is an
145:
143:
139:
136:
131:
128:
126:
124:
123:
47:
35:
30:Waterfall near
12:
11:
5:
1114:
1112:
1104:
1103:
1098:
1093:
1088:
1083:
1078:
1068:
1067:
1063:
1062:
1046:
1030:
1010:
996:Global Species
987:
985:
982:
980:
979:
964:
949:
937:
900:
888:
870:
868:
865:
829:
826:
767:Harpia harpyja
658:Saguinus midas
642:Marmosa lepida
633:
630:
508:Parkia pendula
392:
389:
370:4.25°N 56.25°W
340:
337:
316:
313:
253:
250:
202:
199:
177:
176:
173:
167:
166:
162:
161:
158:
154:
153:
146:3.990; -57.180
121:
117:
116:
95:
91:
90:
87:
83:
82:
78:
77:
72:
66:
65:
60:
54:
53:
49:
48:
45:
37:
36:
29:
21:
20:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1113:
1102:
1099:
1097:
1094:
1092:
1089:
1087:
1084:
1082:
1079:
1077:
1074:
1073:
1071:
1053:
1052:
1047:
1038:
1037:
1031:
1022:on 2017-06-05
1021:
1017:
1016:
1011:
1002:on 2017-03-17
1001:
997:
993:
989:
988:
983:
976:
971:
969:
965:
961:
956:
954:
950:
946:
941:
938:
934:
929:
927:
925:
923:
921:
919:
917:
915:
913:
911:
909:
907:
905:
901:
897:
892:
889:
885:
880:
878:
876:
872:
866:
864:
862:
858:
854:
850:
846:
842:
838:
835:
827:
825:
823:
819:
818:Dendrobatidae
815:
811:
807:
803:
799:
794:
792:
788:
784:
780:
776:
772:
771:crested eagle
768:
764:
760:
756:
752:
748:
743:
741:
737:
733:
729:
725:
721:
717:
713:
709:
705:
701:
697:
696:
691:
687:
683:
679:
675:
671:
667:
663:
659:
655:
651:
647:
643:
639:
631:
627:) is endemic.
626:
622:
617:
613:
611:
607:
603:
598:
596:
595:
590:
589:
584:
583:
578:
577:
572:
571:
565:
560:
558:
557:
552:
551:
546:
545:
540:
539:
534:
533:
528:
527:
522:
521:
516:
515:
510:
509:
504:
500:
499:
494:
490:
489:
484:
483:
478:
477:
472:
471:
466:
462:
458:
454:
450:
446:
445:Anacardiaceae
442:
438:
434:
433:Lecythidaceae
430:
426:
422:
418:
417:Sterculiaceae
414:
410:
409:Euphorbiaceae
406:
402:
397:
390:
388:
385:
379:
350:
346:
338:
336:
334:
330:
326:
322:
314:
312:
310:
306:
305:Mount Roraima
302:
298:
293:
291:
287:
283:
279:
275:
271:
267:
263:
262:Guiana Shield
259:
251:
249:
247:
243:
239:
235:
231:
227:
223:
219:
214:
212:
208:
200:
198:
196:
192:
188:
184:
174:
172:
168:
163:
159:
155:
150:
122:
118:
115:
111:
107:
106:French Guiana
103:
99:
96:
92:
88:
84:
79:
76:
73:
71:
67:
64:
61:
59:
55:
50:
43:
38:
33:
27:
22:
17:
1076:Amazon biome
1056:, retrieved
1050:
1040:, retrieved
1035:
1024:, retrieved
1020:the original
1014:
1004:, retrieved
1000:the original
995:
940:
891:
859:Reserve and
839:
831:
809:
801:
798:black caiman
795:
790:
782:
779:sun parakeet
774:
766:
758:
750:
744:
735:
727:
719:
711:
703:
693:
689:
681:
673:
665:
657:
649:
641:
635:
624:
599:
592:
586:
580:
574:
568:
561:
554:
548:
542:
536:
530:
529:species and
524:
518:
512:
506:
496:
486:
480:
474:
468:
441:Combretaceae
425:Vochysiaceae
401:Bignoniaceae
398:
394:
375:4.25; -56.25
342:
318:
294:
274:Amazon basin
255:
215:
204:
191:Amazon biome
182:
180:
165:Conservation
157:Climate type
763:harpy eagle
740:giant otter
602:Pleistocene
493:Eschweilera
457:Sapindaceae
405:Bombacaceae
373: /
311:ecosystem.
270:Tumuk Humak
144: /
120:Coordinates
63:Neotropical
32:Paramakatoi
1070:Categories
1058:2017-03-25
1051:WildFinder
1042:2017-04-03
1026:2017-05-22
1006:2017-04-03
535:species.
526:Schwartzia
461:Annonaceae
429:Sapotaceae
382:) in the
282:Courantyne
171:Global 200
132:57°10′48″W
532:Trichilia
523:species,
505:species,
495:species,
465:Arecaceae
453:Meliaceae
449:Rubiaceae
421:Lauraceae
278:Essequibo
187:ecoregion
129:3°59′24″N
110:Venezuela
94:Countries
81:Geography
610:Holocene
437:Fabaceae
413:Moraceae
331:and the
323:and the
252:Physical
201:Location
102:Suriname
34:, Guyana
984:Sources
814:Hylidae
755:hoatzin
722:), and
606:refugia
520:Protium
361:56°15′W
339:Climate
315:Ecology
290:Oyapock
258:Orinoco
52:Ecology
828:Status
804:) and
785:) and
769:) and
738:) and
503:Luehea
358:4°15′N
297:tepuis
286:Maroni
266:Acarai
230:Llanos
114:Brazil
98:Guyana
867:Notes
632:Fauna
391:Flora
309:tepui
211:Amapá
70:Biome
58:Realm
832:The
820:and
619:The
591:and
564:Saül
553:and
463:and
343:The
288:and
268:and
236:and
224:and
209:and
207:Pará
181:The
86:Area
793:).
714:),
706:),
698:),
684:),
676:),
668:),
660:),
652:),
644:),
1072::
994:,
967:^
952:^
903:^
874:^
863:.
855:,
824:.
816:,
585:,
579:,
573:,
547:,
541:,
517:,
511:,
501:,
491:,
485:,
479:,
473:,
459:,
455:,
451:,
447:,
443:,
439:,
435:,
431:,
427:,
423:,
419:,
415:,
411:,
407:,
403:,
335:.
284:,
280:,
248:.
220:,
112:,
108:,
104:,
100:,
947:.
935:.
898:.
808:(
800:(
789:(
781:(
773:(
765:(
757:(
749:(
734:(
726:(
718:(
710:(
702:(
688:(
680:(
672:(
664:(
656:(
648:(
640:(
623:(
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