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faction. In the eleventh and thirteenth centuries, Florence was fought over by two rival factions, the
Guelphs, who believed in the authority of the Church, and the Ghibellines, who believed in the authority of the monarchy and Empire. Guerra was connected with the Catholic Church, as his political
204:. As such, their punishment is to run around on burning sand as they were unable to obey God's commandments regarding reproduction, misusing it for their own pleasure. They run under a rain of fire, a reflection upon the unnatural nature of their acts.
200:, the Sodomites sinned against nature, using practices designed for reproduction for other uses and pleasure. Sinners are not punished for homosexuality, but instead for sodomy, evidenced by the presence of homosexuals in
1577:
160:) in the city governance, but this reform was firmly ostracized and eventually revoked due to the pressure of the papal curia. Having reached the end of his life, Guerra died in 1272 in his castle in
1569:
140:
A few years later, Guerra led an army of four hundred
Florentine Guelphs, aided by the cavalry, in the reclaiming of Florentine from the Ghibellines, which culminated in the
133:, Guerra consuls the Florentines to not engage in open battle in Siena in the hopes of avoiding the defeat of Montaperti. After the battle, Guerra found refuge in nearby
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189:, Canto XVI, when Dante and Virgil encounter those punished for sins of sodomy. Guido appears accompanied by fellow Sodomites, Tegghiaio Aldobrandi and
207:
Dante grants Guerra, Aldobrandi, and
Rusticucci a measure of respect, and is moved by their suffering. He portrays them "good" men condemned to Hell.
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156:
After the Battle of
Benevento, Guerra continued to participate in the politics of Florence. He advocated for the inclusion of the middle class (
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359:
237:
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1370:
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The Battle of
Montaperti, where Guido and the Guelphs suffered a defeat at the hands of the Ghibellines in 1260. They would return in 1266.
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In 1258, the
Guelphs held the power in Florence and expelled the Ghibellines from the city. Later on, the Ghibellines, led by
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faction, Guerra had a prominent role in the political conflicts of mid-thirteenth century
Tuscany. He was admired by
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cavalry, succeeded in defeating the
Ghibellines. In battle, they killed King Manfred, and thus reclaimed Florence.
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354:. Translated by Hollander, Jean; Hollander, Robert. New York: Anchor Books, Random House Inc. pp. 304–305.
232:. Translated by Hollander, Jean; Hollander, Robert. New York: Anchor Books, Random House Inc. pp. 296–297.
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89:, Guerra was the son of Count Marcovaldo and Beatrice degli Alberti di Capraia, and grandson of
71:
Sculpture of "The Three Shades" by Rodin, depicting Guerra, Aldobrandi, and
Rusticucci in Hell.
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The Battle of
Benevento, where Guido lead the Guelphs in the retaking of Florence in 1266.
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321:"Battle of Montaperti: 13th Century Violence on the Italian 'Hill of Death'"
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Francesca da Rimini and Paolo Malatesta Appraised by Dante and Virgil
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376:"Robert Hollander: DANTE'S HARMONIOUS HOMOSEXUALS (Inferno 16.7-90)"
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Guerra was a Florentine politician, closely aligned with the
1570:
The Wood of the Self-Murderers: The Harpies and the Suicides
144:
in 1266. In this battle, the Florentine Guelphs, helped by
44:, even though he placed Guerra in Hell among sinners of
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196:According to Dante and medieval Christian views of
1446:Après une Lecture de Dante: Fantasia quasi Sonata
291:"GUIDI, Guido Guerra in "Dizionario Biografico""
16:Italian condottiero and politician (1220–1272)
410:
8:
129:of 1260. While in power, with fellow Guelph
114:. In this role, Guido received the title of
1174:
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444:
417:
403:
395:
260:. Taylor and Francis Group. p. 461.
179:Guerra appears as a character in Dante’s
1310:Divine Comedy Illustrated by Botticelli
215:
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1371:As I Was Going Down Sackville Street
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118:("Captain of the Church") in 1248.
22:(1220-1272) was a politician from
14:
1267:Dante's Inferno: An Animated Epic
1751:
1750:
1543:A Place Where the Sun Is Silent
38:, who granted him honor in the
549:Gianni Schicchi de' Cavalcanti
1:
1610:Paolo and Francesca da Rimini
1154:Pape SatĂ n, pape SatĂ n aleppe
193:, who speaks for all three.
171:
137:until he was able to return.
1251:The Deep and Dreamless Sleep
1161:Raphèl mai amècche zabì almi
85:Descended from the house of
1805:
1379:The System of Dante's Hell
1007:Constance, Queen of Sicily
1789:Politicians from Florence
1746:
832:Bonconte I da Montefeltro
644:Ugolino della Gherardesca
484:Cavalcante de' Cavalcanti
350:Alighieri, Dante (2000).
256:Lansing, Richard (2000).
228:Alighieri, Dante (2000).
1275:La commedia di Amos Poe
1002:Charles Martel of Anjou
877:Giovanna da Montefeltro
629:Ruggieri degli Ubaldini
116:Capitaneus pro Ecclesia
95:Gualdrada de' Ravignani
937:Omberto Aldobrandeschi
872:Gherardo III da Camino
569:Guido I da Montefeltro
258:The Dante Encyclopedia
72:
64:
56:
1618:La barca de Aqueronte
1283:Dante's Hell Animated
1067:Mary, mother of Jesus
827:Bonagiunta Orbicciani
529:Farinata degli Uberti
70:
62:
54:
1733:English translations
1690:Devil May Cry series
1473:(Rachmaninoff, 1904)
987:Bernard of Clairvaux
131:Tegghiaio Aldobrandi
127:Battle of Montaperti
1728:Cultural references
1594:The Barque of Dante
1562:The Barque of Dante
1478:Francesca da Rimini
1470:Francesca da Rimini
1465:(Tchaikovsky, 1876)
1462:Francesca da Rimini
1339:The Story of Rimini
1042:Hierarchy of angels
1027:Folquet de Marselha
539:Francesca da Rimini
142:Battle of Benevento
30:. Aligned with the
1738:In popular culture
1347:La Comédie humaine
1294:(2016 documentary)
1291:Botticelli Inferno
892:Jacopo del Cassero
812:Beatrice Portinari
619:Pope Boniface VIII
609:Pietro della Vigna
123:Provenzano Salvani
73:
65:
57:
1766:
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1716:
1715:
1645:The Gates of Hell
1626:La Laguna Estigia
1565:(Delacroix, 1822)
1528:"Dante's Inferno"
1505:(Ronchetti, 2020)
1494:The Divine Comedy
1438:Music (classical)
1235:The Dante Quartet
1115:
1114:
1012:Cunizza da Romano
932:Oderisi da Gubbio
897:Giovanna Visconti
786:
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624:Pope Nicholas III
574:Iacopo Rusticucci
380:www.princeton.edu
361:978-0-385-49698-8
239:978-0-385-49698-8
191:Iacopo Rusticucci
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1613:(Rossetti, 1885)
1605:(Rossetti, 1868)
1589:(Flandrin, 1835)
1581:(Scheffer, 1835)
1481:(Zandonai, 1914)
1387:Demon Lord Dante
1195:(Terragni, 1938)
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1259:Dante's Inferno
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1219:Dante's Inferno
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1187:(Palanti, 1923)
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817:Beatrice d'Este
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20:Guido Guerra V
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172:In Dante's
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1331:Literature
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