370:
309:
231:
375:
333:
519:
321:
163:
828:
43:
158:
816:
616:
for influence over the
Fengtian clique. The Soviets were keen on building a relationship with Feng as he was seen as more ideologically acceptable. However, despite Feng's portrayal by outsiders as sympathizer of communism, and his claims to be an adherent of Sun Yat-sen's left-leaning teachings, the
621:
which was also reflected in Feng's adoption of only those elements of socialism and
Christianity which he considered useful to improve Chinese society and strengthen his troops' morale.
847:
640:
1016:
1228:
608:
and education programs which was very rare at the time. This created a very determined, cohesive fighting force with high morale. The
Guominjun's main foreign backer was the
596:, but due to geographic isolation they were independent of one another. The Guominjun was unusual for being an ideological army with its troops indoctrinated in Christian,
1477:
1487:
1242:
1006:
1482:
1196:
956:
872:
805:
1472:
1074:
926:
1443:
257:
1462:
765:
126:
936:
1214:
635:
892:
388:
281:
64:
1069:
488:
396:
1036:
1467:
1359:
264:
107:
1114:
1291:
1251:
1026:
542:
337:
79:
24:
1353:
1218:
554:
60:
996:
53:
798:
783:
86:
1166:
1156:
31:
1424:
896:
1096:
93:
1100:
976:
518:
325:
170:
1277:
1321:
946:
374:
288:
30:"Northwest Army" redirects here. For the Indian army unit formerly known as the Northwestern Army, see
369:
75:
791:
986:
1210:
1135:
965:
618:
546:
358:
277:
269:
576:, in 1930. However, Feng was defeated and what was left of the faction was absorbed into the KMT.
1401:
1396:
1262:
1047:
916:
882:
862:
573:
1176:
1145:
1110:
761:
531:
472:
444:
354:
218:
208:
190:
1273:
1186:
1140:
1058:
960:
273:
1301:
1381:
1349:
1287:
827:
613:
561:
550:
492:
460:
452:
162:
414:
1411:
1406:
1391:
1246:
1238:
1206:
823:
512:
100:
1456:
1386:
1366:
1344:
1339:
1334:
1078:
609:
535:
527:
504:
496:
484:
436:
350:
200:
182:
755:
1311:
1124:
906:
819:
630:
601:
585:
448:
42:
1416:
589:
569:
565:
313:
308:
236:
20:
1376:
597:
593:
440:
293:
204:
186:
815:
157:
605:
500:
464:
471:(西北軍) - not to be confused with the later army of the same name under
456:
404:
320:
246:
517:
757:
The
Northern Expedition: China's National Revolution of 1926–1928
508:
787:
36:
697:
695:
658:
656:
167:
Left: The
Peiyang Star was used as the emblem prior to 1926.
522:
Guominjun allied with the
Kuomintang after 17 September 1926
641:
List of warlords and military cliques in the
Warlord Era
564:'s regime; the Guominjun launched a full rebellion with
617:
Guominjun was not a leftist army. It was primarily a
541:
The
Guominjun was incorporated into the Kuomintang's
1317:
1307:
1297:
1283:
1269:
1257:
1234:
1224:
1202:
1192:
1182:
1172:
1162:
1152:
1130:
1120:
1106:
1092:
1064:
1054:
1042:
1032:
1022:
1012:
1002:
992:
982:
972:
952:
942:
932:
922:
912:
902:
888:
878:
868:
858:
545:as the "Second Collective Army" in 1928 during the
364:
346:
299:
263:
252:
242:
224:
214:
196:
178:
141:
67:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
779:. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press.
560:In 1929, Feng grew increasingly dissatisfied with
483:The Guominjun was formed when Feng betrayed the
799:
777:Chinese Warlord. The Career of Feng YĂĽ-hsiang
604:teachings. It also cared for its troops with
8:
16:Military faction during China's Warlord Era
1243:Warlord Rebellion in northeastern Shandong
837:
806:
792:
784:
138:
549:, and fought alongside the KMT to defeat
289:Christianity with Chinese characteristics
127:Learn how and when to remove this message
760:. Honolulu: University Press of Hawaii.
737:
725:
701:
686:
674:
662:
652:
419:
1229:Third Red Spears' uprising in Shandong
1089:
855:
713:
584:The Guominjun was very sympathetic to
530:defected to the KMC; this sparked the
1478:Military wings of nationalist parties
7:
435:, was a military faction founded by
65:adding citations to reliable sources
1488:Warlord cliques in Republican China
927:Constitutional Protection Movement
14:
451:. The KMC had control of much of
1215:Looting of the Eastern Mausoleum
1075:Canton Merchants' Corps Uprising
826:
814:
636:History of the Republic of China
373:
368:
331:
319:
307:
229:
161:
156:
41:
1146:Nationalist-Communist Civil War
526:In late 1925, Fengtian general
52:needs additional citations for
1483:Three Principles of the People
409:
400:
392:
282:Three Principles of the People
1:
1444:Republic of China (1912–1949)
893:Empire of China (Yuan Shikai)
173:became the emblem after 1926.
977:Occupation of Outer Mongolia
467:, hence its other name, the
1292:Soviet invasion of Xinjiang
1027:Washington Naval Conference
775:Sheridan, James E. (1966).
543:National Revolutionary Army
338:National Revolutionary Army
25:National Revolutionary Army
1504:
1473:Factions in the Kuomintang
1354:National Pacification Army
1219:Northeast Flag Replacement
1125:Zhongshan Warship Incident
822:and warlordism during the
754:Jordan, Donald A. (1976).
555:National Pacification Army
29:
18:
1441:
1070:Second Zhili–Fengtian War
1017:1st National CPC Congress
1007:Spirit Soldier rebellions
835:
489:Second Zhili–Fengtian War
155:
149:
148:
1463:Anti-imperialism in Asia
1197:Muslim conflict in Gansu
1167:Shanghai Commune of 1927
1157:Nanking incident of 1927
1037:First Zhili–Fengtian War
677:, pp. 172–174, 176.
612:which had vied with the
499:, captured Zhili leader
32:Northern Command (India)
19:Not to be confused with
1115:Canton–Hong Kong strike
897:National Protection War
557:) and capture Beijing.
495:in 1924. The Guominjun
1101:May Thirtieth Movement
957:Paris Peace Conference
523:
326:Nationalist government
171:Blue Sky and White Sun
997:Guangdong–Guangxi War
947:Siberian intervention
521:
423:), also known as the
1252:Sino-Soviet conflict
907:Death of Yuan Shikai
503:and expelled former
61:improve this article
1468:Christian socialism
1211:Huanggutun incident
1141:Nanjing–Wuhan Split
1136:Northern Expedition
966:May Fourth Movement
740:, pp. 169–172.
728:, pp. 169–176.
716:, pp. 153–154.
704:, pp. 174–176.
689:, pp. 170–172.
665:, pp. 169–174.
547:Northern Expedition
389:traditional Chinese
359:Northern Expedition
278:Christian socialism
270:Chinese nationalism
253:Active regions
1263:Central Plains War
1097:Yunnan–Guangxi War
1048:First United Front
917:Manchu Restoration
883:Twenty-One Demands
863:Bai Lang Rebellion
574:Central Plains War
524:
397:simplified Chinese
1450:
1449:
1436:
1435:
1327:
1326:
1278:Qinghai–Tibet War
1177:Shanghai massacre
1111:Anti-Fengtian War
1084:
1083:
873:Second Revolution
619:nationalist force
532:Anti-Fengtian War
427:, abbreviated as
381:
380:
355:Anti-Fengtian War
258:Republic of China
219:Republic of China
137:
136:
129:
111:
1495:
1428:
1425:Communist Party
1420:
1274:Sino-Tibetan War
1187:July 15 Incident
1090:
1059:Lincheng Outrage
961:Shandong Problem
937:Golok rebellions
856:
838:
830:
818:
808:
801:
794:
785:
780:
771:
741:
735:
729:
723:
717:
711:
705:
699:
690:
684:
678:
672:
666:
660:
497:occupied Beijing
421:
411:
402:
394:
377:
372:
347:Battles and wars
336:
335:
334:
324:
323:
312:
311:
286:
274:Anti-imperialism
235:
233:
232:
165:
160:
151:
139:
132:
125:
121:
118:
112:
110:
69:
45:
37:
1503:
1502:
1498:
1497:
1496:
1494:
1493:
1492:
1453:
1452:
1451:
1446:
1437:
1432:
1426:
1418:
1328:
1288:Kumul Rebellion
1250:
1241:
1217:
1213:
1209:
1143:
1139:
1113:
1099:
1085:
1077:
1073:
987:Zhili–Anhui War
963:
959:
895:
831:
812:
774:
768:
753:
750:
745:
744:
736:
732:
724:
720:
712:
708:
700:
693:
685:
681:
673:
669:
661:
654:
649:
627:
614:Japanese Empire
582:
562:Chiang Kai-shek
493:Fengtian clique
481:
453:Northwest China
447:during China's
357:
353:
342:
332:
330:
318:
306:
291:
287:
284:
280:
276:
272:
230:
228:
207:
203:
189:
185:
174:
168:
143:
133:
122:
116:
113:
70:
68:
58:
46:
35:
28:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1501:
1499:
1491:
1490:
1485:
1480:
1475:
1470:
1465:
1455:
1454:
1448:
1447:
1442:
1439:
1438:
1434:
1433:
1431:
1430:
1422:
1414:
1409:
1404:
1399:
1394:
1389:
1384:
1379:
1374:
1369:
1364:
1363:
1362:
1347:
1342:
1337:
1331:
1329:
1325:
1324:
1322:War in Ningxia
1319:
1315:
1314:
1309:
1305:
1304:
1299:
1295:
1294:
1285:
1281:
1280:
1271:
1267:
1266:
1259:
1255:
1254:
1247:Beijing Revolt
1239:Chiang-Gui War
1236:
1232:
1231:
1226:
1222:
1221:
1207:Jinan incident
1204:
1200:
1199:
1194:
1190:
1189:
1184:
1180:
1179:
1174:
1170:
1169:
1164:
1160:
1159:
1154:
1150:
1149:
1132:
1128:
1127:
1122:
1118:
1117:
1108:
1104:
1103:
1094:
1088:
1086:
1082:
1081:
1066:
1062:
1061:
1056:
1052:
1051:
1044:
1040:
1039:
1034:
1030:
1029:
1024:
1020:
1019:
1014:
1010:
1009:
1004:
1000:
999:
994:
990:
989:
984:
980:
979:
974:
970:
969:
954:
950:
949:
944:
940:
939:
934:
930:
929:
924:
920:
919:
914:
910:
909:
904:
900:
899:
890:
886:
885:
880:
876:
875:
870:
866:
865:
860:
854:
851:
850:
845:
842:
836:
833:
832:
824:Nanjing decade
813:
811:
810:
803:
796:
788:
782:
781:
772:
766:
749:
746:
743:
742:
730:
718:
706:
691:
679:
667:
651:
650:
648:
645:
644:
643:
638:
633:
626:
623:
592:government in
581:
578:
513:Forbidden City
480:
477:
473:Yang Hu-ch'eng
469:Northwest Army
379:
378:
366:
362:
361:
348:
344:
343:
341:
340:
328:
316:
303:
301:
297:
296:
267:
261:
260:
254:
250:
249:
244:
240:
239:
226:
222:
221:
216:
212:
211:
198:
194:
193:
180:
176:
175:
166:
153:
152:
146:
145:
135:
134:
49:
47:
40:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1500:
1489:
1486:
1484:
1481:
1479:
1476:
1474:
1471:
1469:
1466:
1464:
1461:
1460:
1458:
1445:
1440:
1429:
1423:
1421:
1415:
1413:
1410:
1408:
1405:
1403:
1400:
1398:
1395:
1393:
1390:
1388:
1385:
1383:
1380:
1378:
1375:
1373:
1370:
1368:
1365:
1361:
1358:
1357:
1355:
1351:
1348:
1346:
1343:
1341:
1338:
1336:
1333:
1332:
1330:
1323:
1320:
1316:
1313:
1310:
1306:
1303:
1300:
1296:
1293:
1289:
1286:
1282:
1279:
1275:
1272:
1268:
1265:
1264:
1260:
1256:
1253:
1248:
1244:
1240:
1237:
1233:
1230:
1227:
1223:
1220:
1216:
1212:
1208:
1205:
1201:
1198:
1195:
1191:
1188:
1185:
1181:
1178:
1175:
1171:
1168:
1165:
1161:
1158:
1155:
1151:
1148:
1147:
1142:
1138:
1137:
1133:
1129:
1126:
1123:
1119:
1116:
1112:
1109:
1105:
1102:
1098:
1095:
1091:
1087:
1080:
1076:
1072:
1071:
1067:
1063:
1060:
1057:
1053:
1050:
1049:
1045:
1041:
1038:
1035:
1031:
1028:
1025:
1021:
1018:
1015:
1011:
1008:
1005:
1001:
998:
995:
991:
988:
985:
981:
978:
975:
971:
968:
967:
962:
958:
955:
951:
948:
945:
941:
938:
935:
931:
928:
925:
921:
918:
915:
911:
908:
905:
901:
898:
894:
891:
887:
884:
881:
877:
874:
871:
867:
864:
861:
857:
853:
852:
849:
846:
843:
840:
839:
834:
829:
825:
821:
817:
809:
804:
802:
797:
795:
790:
789:
786:
778:
773:
769:
767:9780824803520
763:
759:
758:
752:
751:
747:
739:
738:Sheridan 1966
734:
731:
727:
726:Sheridan 1966
722:
719:
715:
710:
707:
703:
702:Sheridan 1966
698:
696:
692:
688:
687:Sheridan 1966
683:
680:
676:
675:Sheridan 1966
671:
668:
664:
663:Sheridan 1966
659:
657:
653:
646:
642:
639:
637:
634:
632:
629:
628:
624:
622:
620:
615:
611:
607:
603:
599:
595:
591:
587:
579:
577:
575:
572:’s army, the
571:
567:
563:
558:
556:
552:
548:
544:
539:
537:
533:
529:
520:
516:
514:
510:
506:
502:
498:
494:
490:
486:
478:
476:
474:
470:
466:
462:
458:
454:
450:
446:
442:
438:
434:
430:
426:
422:
416:
412:
406:
398:
390:
386:
376:
371:
367:
363:
360:
356:
352:
349:
345:
339:
329:
327:
322:
317:
315:
310:
305:
304:
302:
298:
295:
290:
283:
279:
275:
271:
268:
266:
262:
259:
255:
251:
248:
245:
241:
238:
227:
223:
220:
217:
213:
210:
206:
202:
199:
195:
192:
188:
184:
181:
177:
172:
164:
159:
154:
147:
140:
131:
128:
120:
117:November 2018
109:
106:
102:
99:
95:
92:
88:
85:
81:
78: –
77:
73:
72:Find sources:
66:
62:
56:
55:
50:This article
48:
44:
39:
38:
33:
26:
22:
1371:
1261:
1144:
1134:
1079:Beijing Coup
1068:
1046:
964:
776:
756:
748:Bibliography
733:
721:
709:
682:
670:
610:Soviet Union
583:
559:
540:
536:Zhang Zuolin
528:Guo Songling
525:
505:Qing dynasty
485:Zhili clique
482:
468:
455:, including
437:Feng Yuxiang
432:
428:
424:
420:Kuo-min-chĂĽn
418:
408:
384:
382:
351:Beijing Coup
243:Headquarters
201:Feng Yuxiang
183:Feng Yuxiang
123:
114:
104:
97:
90:
83:
71:
59:Please help
54:verification
51:
1417:Kuomintang
1402:New Guangxi
1397:Old Guangxi
1312:Two-Liu war
1302:Han–Liu War
820:Warlord Era
714:Jordan 1976
631:Warlord Era
602:nationalist
586:Sun Yat-sen
487:during the
449:Warlord Era
285:(partially)
169:Right: The
76:"Guominjun"
1457:Categories
1360:Zhili Army
647:References
590:Kuomintang
570:Li Zongren
566:Yan Xishan
425:Kuominchun
415:Wade–Giles
314:Kuomintang
237:Kuomintang
225:Allegiance
144:Kuominchun
142:Guominjun
87:newspapers
21:Kuomintang
1407:Guangdong
1372:Guominjun
1284:1931–1935
1270:1930–1932
1225:1928–1929
1193:1927–1930
1131:1926–1928
1107:1925–1926
1043:1923–1927
1023:1921–1922
1003:1920–1926
993:1920–1921
973:1919–1921
943:1918–1920
933:1917–1929
923:1917–1922
889:1915–1916
859:1911–1914
844:1925–1934
841:1915–1924
598:socialist
594:Guangzhou
511:from the
491:with the
441:Hu Jingyi
410:GuĂłmĂnjĹ«n
385:Guominjun
294:Sovietism
256:Northern
205:Hu Jingyi
187:Hu Jingyi
23:(國民黨) or
1382:Xinjiang
1350:Fengtian
848:Factions
625:See also
580:Ideology
553:forces (
551:Fengtian
534:against
507:emperor
265:Ideology
179:Founders
27:(國民革命軍).
1412:Guizhou
1392:Sichuan
1335:Beiyang
1245:(incl.
606:welfare
501:Cao Kun
479:History
465:Suiyuan
445:Sun Yue
215:Country
209:Sun Yue
197:Leaders
191:Sun Yue
101:scholar
1387:Yunnan
1367:Shanxi
764:
600:, and
461:Chahar
457:Shensi
417::
407::
405:pinyin
399::
391::
300:Allies
247:Shensi
234:
103:
96:
89:
82:
74:
1427:(CCP)
1419:(KMT)
1345:Zhili
1340:Anhui
108:JSTOR
94:books
1318:1934
1308:1932
1298:1932
1258:1930
1235:1929
1203:1928
1183:1927
1173:1927
1163:1927
1153:1927
1121:1926
1093:1925
1065:1924
1055:1923
1033:1922
1013:1921
983:1920
953:1919
913:1917
903:1916
879:1915
869:1913
762:ISBN
568:and
509:Puyi
463:and
443:and
431:and
383:The
365:Flag
292:Pro-
80:news
588:'s
433:KMC
429:GMJ
401:国民军
393:國民軍
150:國民軍
63:by
1459::
1377:Ma
1356:)
1290:/
1276:/
694:^
655:^
538:.
515:.
475:.
459:,
439:,
413:;
403:;
395:;
1352:(
1249:)
807:e
800:t
793:v
770:.
387:(
130:)
124:(
119:)
115:(
105:·
98:·
91:·
84:·
57:.
34:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.