292:. Due to the scale of the operation, a large number of workers migrated to Chickasaw. With production activity at its peak, Gulf Shipbuilding employed between 10,000 and 15,000 workers. This population boom required the introduction of eligibility requirements for living in company-owned properties. Only persons with connection to the shipyard could rent houses from the company while many previous occupants were forced to vacate. To further accommodate the demand for housing, the
261:
1064:
585:
Except for the fact that Gulf
Shipbuilding owned the property, nothing distinguished Chickasaw from other towns and suburbs in the vicinity of Mobile. Since the area was freely accessible with no discernible boundaries separating private and public lands, the shopping areas of Chickasaw became
685:
Early in 1946, Leedy
Investment Company purchased the entire company town for one million dollars. Current occupants were given the option to purchase the homes they had been renting. Many prior residents also purchased homes and moved back to the town. The city of Chickasaw was
391:
the chaos here seems to originate in the fact that Gulf was contracted to build 4 C2 for the
Waterman Steamship Corp. at the same time MARCOM contracts arrived and the earlier built ships were requisitioned after contracts were issued and thus assigned numerically larger hull
114:
site of
Tennessee Coal and Iron. A large area of land, including the location of the future city of Chickasaw, was purchased. In order to develop the shipbuilding business and the supporting infrastructure, three
1137:
651:, 326 U.S. 501 (1946)). Attorneys for Marsh argued that "constitutional inhibitions applicable to municipal ordinances" should apply to Gulf Shipbuilding likewise since it acted as a
1142:
630:
hearing the case in
November 1944. The decision in January 1945 confirmed the decision of the lower courts. An application for a rehearing in the Court of Appeals and a subsequent
1017:
160:. While some town occupants left for other opportunities after the shipyard closing, the remaining residents formed a tight-knit community. In April 1939, Mobile businessman
661:
wrote that the most important consideration was that
Chickasaw was like "any other American town". The Court had decided that certain fundamental liberties (freedoms of
1152:
1105:
308:
and 27 US and 2 Royal Navy
Minesweepers. After the war, the number of government contracts dropped and there was a surplus in the market for commercial vessels.
794:
39:
1082:
905:
593:, and her colleagues began to visit Chickasaw in November 1943. In addition to door-to-door visits, the religious workers would distribute literature (
666:
91:
293:
626:
considerations raised by Marsh and allowed the ruling of the lower court to stand. Upon further appeal, the Court of
Appeals of Alabama granted
702:. The resurgence was short-lived and the facility was closed again in 1983. The former shipyard now serves as a small general cargo facility.
492:
662:
116:
998:
861:
836:
153:
46:
1147:
467:
248:
1025:
186:
180:
331:, the demand for ships diminished and the shipyard was again closed. The ships produced by Gulf Shipbuilding are summarized below.
312:
106:
with its location and deep waterway. On August 17, 1917, the company announced that a shipyard would be constructed in
Chickasaw.
736:
223:
242:
217:
172:
273:
205:
276:. Both the shipyard and town were renovated by the new owner. The corporation began to receive its first contracts from the
641:
In May 1945, a petition for appeal was made to the United States
Supreme Court. The Court accepted the petition and heard
1113:
802:
566:
550:
913:
614:
In January 1944, the Inferior Court of Mobile County found Marsh and the other Witnesses guilty of trespassing. An
657:
municipal corporation in its relationship to the public. The Court split 5–3 in favor of Marsh. In his decision,
623:
211:
168:
156:
was declared. However, before closing, the Chickasaw Shipbuilding and Car Company produced and launched fourteen
944:
Alphabetical Listing of Major War Supply Contracts, cumulative, June 1940 through September 1945, Volume 2, D - J
1090:
455:
289:
486:
590:
149:
were installed. Simultaneously, a company town was constructed to house and serve the shipyard workers.
687:
635:
537:
877:
120:
670:
277:
142:
99:
989:
Armed with the Constitution: Jehovah's Witnesses in Alabama and the U.S. Supreme Court, 1939-1946
316:
305:
124:
111:
31:
770:
994:
965:
857:
832:
473:
647:
603:) along sidewalks in the business district. Beginning in December 1943, the Witnesses were
744:
260:
296:
constructed the Gulf Homes housing project, other temporary housing structures, and Navy
987:
825:
595:
476:(1 ship delivered in 1946, 2 additional ships sold to private owners prior to delivery)
324:
35:
375:
472 ... 485, appropriated for PubL 77-247, MARCOM contracts 1709-1722, 15 Sep 1941, in
1131:
691:
642:
619:
431:
1046:
699:
348:
328:
301:
103:
268:
In July 1940, the town and shipyard were sold to Gulf Shipbuilding Corporation, a
17:
543:
427:
87:
658:
627:
352:
320:
281:
269:
161:
157:
95:
507:
494:
61:
48:
461:
285:
1065:"Map Showing Chickasaw Subdivision and Vicinity (Chickasaw Land Company)"
674:
653:
631:
622:, the Alabama Thirteenth Judicial Circuit, which refused to consider the
608:
297:
131:
695:
119:, Chickasaw Utilities Company, and Chickasaw Land Company—were formed.
694:
reactivated the shipbuilding facility to provide service vessels and
615:
604:
138:
102:, recognized the opportunities which the Chickasaw area provided for
259:
134:
107:
38:. Following the company's closure, the land became a part of the
146:
123:
developed the shipyard with twenty million dollars from the
586:
popular to both residents and non-residents of the town.
827:
Forth to the Mighty Conflict: Alabama and World War II
152:
Before operations at the shipyard could commence, the
1138:
Defunct shipbuilding companies of the United States
986:
824:
607:on multiple occasions and ultimately charged with
141:(Chickasaw Bogue or Chickasaw Creek) was drained,
1012:
1010:
765:
763:
761:
1143:Industrial buildings and structures in Alabama
900:
898:
896:
894:
304:was produced 36 cargo ships, 7 destroyers, 1
8:
40:Chickasaw Shipyard Village Historic District
956:Pacific Marine Review, December 1941, p. 60
933:Pacific Marine Review, November 1941, p. 69
731:
729:
727:
725:
723:
721:
719:
717:
715:
1106:"Aerial Map of Chickasaw Shipyard in 1950"
854:Alabama: The History of a Deep South State
980:
978:
976:
974:
311:Gulf Shipbuilding produced ships for the
1153:Shipyards building World War II warships
795:"Chickasaw Shipbuilding and Car Company"
771:"Chickasaw Shipyard, Chickasaw, Alabama"
572:minesweepers (2 ships delivered in 1943)
164:acquired the shipyard and company town.
30:is a former shipbuilding corporation in
878:"Former Site of Gulf Shipbuilding Corp"
711:
434:(6 ships delivered from 1945 to 1946)
117:Chickasaw Shipbuilding and Car Company
82:Chickasaw Shipbuilding and Car Company
464:(7 ships delivered from 1943 to 1944)
7:
25:
1083:"Aerial Map of Chickasaw in 1960"
1022:Maritime Business Strategies, LLC
910:Maritime Business Strategies, LLC
799:Maritime Business Strategies, LLC
673:) held a preferred position over
343:United States Maritime Commission
313:United States Maritime Commission
690:on November 12, 1946. In 1979,
993:. University of Alabama Press.
968:(pp. 151)- Retrieved 2019-07-25
906:"Gulf Shipbuilding Corporation"
856:. University of Alabama Press.
852:Rogers, William Warren (1994).
831:. University of Alabama Press.
145:were constructed, and drainage
92:Tennessee Coal and Iron Company
274:Waterman Steamship Corporation
1:
1045:Bloom, Nedra (October 2006).
256:Gulf Shipbuilding Corporation
28:Gulf Shipbuilding Corporation
985:Newton, Merlin Owen (1995).
34:a few miles upstream of the
1051:Mobile Bay Monthly Magazine
1018:"Halter Marine - Chickasaw"
556:minesweepers (1943 to 1944)
437:hull numbers: 1648 ... 1653
288:contracts to build the new
110:would be provided from the
1169:
1148:Companies based in Alabama
823:Cronenberg, Allen (1995).
681:Incorporation of Chickasaw
169:Isthmian Steamship Company
290:Fletcher Class Destroyers
86:Prior to the outbreak of
508:30.398636°N 90.155285°W
487:Madisonville, Louisiana
388:2827 - 2842 (cancelled)
353:all-purpose cargo ships
306:amphibious landing ship
167:14 cargo ships for the
737:"History of Chickasaw"
265:
636:Alabama Supreme Court
513:30.398636; -90.155285
284:. Later followed the
263:
581:Grace Marsh incident
335:in Chikasaw, Alabama
121:Federal Shipbuilding
618:was filed with the
504: /
351:(30 of 30 C2-S-E1)
319:as well as for the
278:Maritime Commission
100:Birmingham, Alabama
58: /
775:GlobalSecurity.org
659:Justice Hugo Black
524:United States Navy
474:dock landing ships
451:United States Navy
432:refrigerated ships
317:United States Navy
294:federal government
266:
125:United States Navy
112:Fairfield, Alabama
32:Chickasaw, Alabama
1000:978-0-8173-0736-3
863:978-0-8173-0712-7
838:978-0-8173-0737-0
741:City of Chickasaw
700:offshore industry
645:within the year (
591:Jehovah's Witness
327:. At the end of
62:30.767°N 88.059°W
18:Gulf Shipbuilding
16:(Redirected from
1160:
1124:
1122:
1121:
1112:. Archived from
1101:
1099:
1098:
1089:. Archived from
1078:
1076:
1075:
1060:
1058:
1057:
1037:
1036:
1034:
1033:
1024:. Archived from
1014:
1005:
1004:
992:
982:
969:
963:
957:
954:
948:
947:
940:
934:
931:
925:
924:
922:
921:
912:. Archived from
902:
889:
888:
886:
884:
874:
868:
867:
849:
843:
842:
830:
820:
814:
813:
811:
810:
801:. Archived from
791:
785:
784:
782:
781:
767:
756:
755:
753:
752:
743:. Archived from
733:
648:Marsh v. Alabama
519:
518:
516:
515:
514:
509:
505:
502:
501:
500:
497:
383:John B. Waterman
264:The yard in 1945
249:Chattanooga City
137:adjacent to the
94:, a division of
73:
72:
70:
69:
68:
63:
59:
56:
55:
54:
51:
21:
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1128:
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1119:
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1096:
1094:
1081:
1073:
1071:
1063:
1055:
1053:
1044:
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1031:
1029:
1016:
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1008:
1001:
984:
983:
972:
964:
960:
955:
951:
942:
941:
937:
932:
928:
919:
917:
904:
903:
892:
882:
880:
876:
875:
871:
864:
851:
850:
846:
839:
822:
821:
817:
808:
806:
793:
792:
788:
779:
777:
769:
768:
759:
750:
748:
735:
734:
713:
708:
698:to the booming
683:
675:property rights
589:Grace Marsh, a
583:
512:
510:
506:
503:
498:
495:
493:
491:
490:
300:. Also, during
258:
206:Tuscaloosa City
201:Montgomery City
187:Birmingham City
84:
79:
67:30.767; -88.059
66:
64:
60:
57:
52:
49:
47:
45:
44:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1166:
1164:
1156:
1155:
1150:
1145:
1140:
1130:
1129:
1126:
1125:
1102:
1079:
1061:
1039:
1038:
1006:
999:
970:
958:
949:
935:
926:
890:
869:
862:
844:
837:
815:
786:
757:
710:
709:
707:
704:
682:
679:
643:oral arguments
624:constitutional
596:The Watchtower
582:
579:
578:
577:
576:
575:
574:
573:
559:
558:
557:
547:
546:(1942 to 1945)
529:
528:
527:
526:
482:
481:
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479:
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477:
465:
445:
444:
443:
442:
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366:
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359:
355:(1942 — 1946)
337:
336:
325:United Kingdom
257:
254:
253:
252:
243:Knoxville City
227:
218:Fairfield City
198:
181:Chickasaw City
83:
80:
78:
75:
36:Port of Mobile
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1165:
1154:
1151:
1149:
1146:
1144:
1141:
1139:
1136:
1135:
1133:
1116:on 2011-05-26
1115:
1111:
1107:
1103:
1093:on 2011-05-26
1092:
1088:
1084:
1080:
1070:
1066:
1062:
1052:
1048:
1043:
1042:
1028:on 2006-12-16
1027:
1023:
1019:
1013:
1011:
1007:
1002:
996:
991:
990:
981:
979:
977:
975:
971:
967:
962:
959:
953:
950:
945:
939:
936:
930:
927:
916:on 2007-04-09
915:
911:
907:
901:
899:
897:
895:
891:
879:
873:
870:
865:
859:
855:
848:
845:
840:
834:
829:
828:
819:
816:
805:on 2006-12-16
804:
800:
796:
790:
787:
776:
772:
766:
764:
762:
758:
747:on 2007-06-07
746:
742:
738:
732:
730:
728:
726:
724:
722:
720:
718:
716:
712:
705:
703:
701:
697:
693:
692:Halter Marine
689:
680:
678:
676:
672:
668:
664:
660:
656:
655:
650:
649:
644:
639:
638:were denied.
637:
633:
629:
625:
621:
620:circuit court
617:
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587:
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548:
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542:
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531:
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517:
488:
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483:
475:
472:
470:
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463:
460:
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454:
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449:
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429:
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421:
412:
408:
407:
406:
405:
404:
403:
402:
401:
390:
387:
384:
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378:1602 ... 1614
377:
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370:
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367:
357:
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287:
283:
279:
275:
271:
262:
255:
251:
250:
245:
244:
239:
235:
231:
230:Anniston City
228:
226:
225:
220:
219:
214:
213:
212:Bessemer City
208:
207:
202:
199:
197:
193:
189:
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97:
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89:
81:
76:
74:
71:
42:
41:
37:
33:
29:
19:
1118:. Retrieved
1114:the original
1110:Alabama Maps
1109:
1095:. Retrieved
1091:the original
1087:Alabama Maps
1086:
1072:. Retrieved
1069:Alabama Maps
1068:
1054:. Retrieved
1050:
1030:. Retrieved
1026:the original
1021:
988:
966:SS Afoundria
961:
952:
943:
938:
929:
918:. Retrieved
914:the original
909:
881:. Retrieved
872:
853:
847:
826:
818:
807:. Retrieved
803:the original
798:
789:
778:. Retrieved
774:
749:. Retrieved
745:the original
740:
688:incorporated
684:
652:
646:
640:
613:
600:
594:
588:
584:
567:
561:
551:
544:minesweepers
538:
523:
468:
456:
450:
430:(R2-ST-AU1)
410:
382:
381:2826 (named
342:
329:World War II
310:
302:World War II
267:
247:
241:
238:Memphis City
237:
234:Atlanta City
233:
229:
222:
216:
210:
204:
200:
195:
191:
185:
179:
166:
151:
129:
104:shipbuilding
85:
43:
27:
26:
1047:"Chickasaw"
609:trespassing
601:Consolation
511: /
469:Casa Grande
282:cargo ships
196:Ensley City
192:Mobile City
158:cargo ships
88:World War I
65: /
1132:Categories
1120:2007-06-12
1097:2007-06-12
1074:2007-06-12
1056:2007-06-14
1032:2007-06-12
920:2007-06-12
809:2007-06-12
780:2007-06-10
751:2007-06-12
706:References
628:certiorari
562:Royal Navy
549:16 of 123
499:90°09′19″W
496:30°23′55″N
462:destroyers
347:30 of 328
321:Royal Navy
270:subsidiary
224:Selma City
173:U.S. Steel
115:companies—
96:U.S. Steel
53:88°03′32″W
50:30°46′01″N
883:23 August
568:Catherine
552:Admirable
536:11 of 95
411:Afoundria
286:U.S. Navy
154:Armistice
696:tugboats
671:religion
654:de facto
632:petition
605:arrested
457:Fletcher
409:e.g. SS
392:numbers.
358:849, 850
298:barracks
634:to the
428:Type R2
349:Type C2
323:of the
162:Ben May
132:cypress
77:History
997:
860:
835:
669:, and
663:speech
616:appeal
570:-class
554:-class
541:-class
471:-class
459:-class
139:stream
90:, the
667:press
147:pumps
143:dikes
135:swamp
108:Steel
995:ISBN
885:2016
858:ISBN
833:ISBN
599:and
315:and
280:for
130:The
539:Auk
485:In
272:of
98:in
1134::
1108:.
1085:.
1067:.
1049:.
1020:.
1009:^
973:^
908:.
893:^
797:.
773:.
760:^
739:.
714:^
677:.
665:,
611:.
520:)
246:,
240:,
236:,
232:,
221:,
215:,
209:,
203:,
194:,
190:,
184:,
175:)
127:.
1123:.
1100:.
1077:.
1059:.
1035:.
1003:.
946:.
923:.
887:.
866:.
841:.
812:.
783:.
754:.
489:(
385:)
171:(
20:)
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