288:. As such, the fire lance, which appeared between the 10th and 12th centuries AD, as well as other early metal barrel gunpowder weapons have been described as "proto-guns" Joseph Needham defined a type of firearm known as the "eruptor," which he described as a cross between a fire lance and a gun, as a "proto-gun" for the same reason. He defined a fully developed firearm, a "true gun," as possessing three basic features: a metal barrel, gunpowder with high nitrate content, and a projectile that occluded the barrel. The "true gun" appears to have emerged in late 1200s China, around 300 years after the appearance of the fire lance. Although the term "gun" postdates the invention of firearms, historians have applied it to the earliest firearms such as the
704:. Early cetbang (also called Eastern-style cetbang) resembled Chinese cannons and hand cannons. Eastern-style cetbangs were mostly made of bronze and were front-loaded cannons. It fires arrow-like projectiles, but round bullets and co-viative projectiles can also be used. These arrows can be solid-tipped without explosives, or with explosives and incendiary materials placed behind the tip. Near the rear, there is a combustion chamber or room, which refers to the bulging part near the rear of the gun, where the gunpowder is placed. The cetbang is mounted on a fixed mount, or as a hand cannon mounted on the end of a pole. There is a tube-like section on the back of the cannon. In the hand cannon-type cetbang, this tube is used as a socket for a pole.
353:. It consisted of a bamboo tube of gunpowder tied to a spear or other polearm. By the late 1100s, ingredients such as pieces of shrapnel like porcelain shards or small iron pellets were added to the tube so that they would be blown out with the gunpowder. It was relatively short ranged and had a range of roughly 3 meters by the early 13th century. This fire lance is considered by some historians to be a "proto-gun" because its projectiles did not occlude the barrel. There was also another "proto-gun" called the eruptor, according to Joseph Needham, which did not have a lance but still did not shoot projectiles which occluded the barrel.
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253:. Other names for guns during this era were "schioppi" (Italian translation-"thunderers"), and "donrebusse" (Dutch translation-"thunder gun") which was incorporated into the English language as "blunderbuss". Artillerymen were often referred to as "gonners" and "artillers" "Hand gun" was first used in 1373 in reference to the handle of guns.
736:" that were fired from resting Y-shaped supports appeared. The musket was able to penetrate heavy armor, and as a result armor declined, which also made the heavy musket obsolete. Although there is relatively little to no difference in design between arquebus and musket except in size and strength, it was the term
301:
changed very little for almost 300 years and cannons of the 1480s show little difference and surprising similarity with cannons later in the 1750s. This 300-year period during which the classic gun dominated gives it its moniker. The "classic gun" has also been described as the "modern ordnance synthesis."
999:. It was the first firearm to bridge the gap between long range rifles, machine guns, and short range submachine guns. Since the mid-20th century, guns that fire beams of energy rather than solid projectiles have been developed, and also guns that can be fired by means other than the use of gunpowder.
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The classic gun differed from older generations of firearms through an assortment of improvements. Their longer length-to-bore ratio imparted more energy into the shot, enabling the projectile to shoot further. They were also lighter since the barrel walls were thinner, allowing faster dissipation of
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was added to the arquebus around 1470 and the matchlock mechanism sometime before 1475. The matchlock arquebus was the first firearm equipped with a trigger mechanism and the first portable shoulder-arms firearm. Before the matchlock, handheld firearms were fired from the chest, tucked under one arm,
384:
of which fire-lance barrels were originally made came to be replaced by metal. And to take full advantage of that power, the shrapnel came to be replaced by projectiles whose size and shape filled the barrel more closely. Fire lance barrels made of metal appeared by 1276. Earlier in 1259 a pellet wad
769:
Guns reached their "classic" form in the 1480s. The "classic gun" is so called because of the long duration of its design, which was longer, lighter, more efficient, and more accurate compared to its predecessors 30 years prior. The design persisted for nearly 300 years and cannons of the 1480s show
2021:, p. 2 "With its ninth century AD origins in China, the knowledge of gunpowder emerged from the search by alchemists for the secrets of life, to filter through the channels of Middle Eastern culture, and take root in Europe with consequences that form the context of the studies in this volume."
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when the projectile is stabilized by other means or rifling is undesired or unnecessary. Typically, interior barrel diameter and the associated projectile size is a means to identify gun variations. Bore diameter is reported in several ways. The more conventional measure is reporting the interior
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which remained in use up into the 1800s. It may not be completely inaccurate to suggest that the musket was in its fabrication simply a larger arquebus. At least on one occasion the musket and arquebus have been used interchangeably to refer to the same weapon, and even referred to as an "arquebus
300:
Historians consider firearms to have reached the form of a "classic gun" in the 1480s, which persisted until the mid-18th century. This "classic" form displayed longer, lighter, more efficient, and more accurate design compared to its predecessors only 30 years prior. However this "classic" design
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of
Hungary (r. 1458–1490). Arquebuses were used by 1472 by the Spanish and Portuguese at Zamora. Likewise, the Castilians used arquebuses as well in 1476. Later, a larger arquebus known as a musket was used for breaching heavy armor, but this declined along with heavy armor. Matchlock firearms
1086:
A gun projectile may be a simple, single-piece item like a bullet, a casing containing a payload like a shotshell or explosive shell, or complex projectile like a sub-caliber projectile and sabot. The propellant may be air, an explosive solid, or an explosive liquid. Some variations like the
325:
1032:, which can propagate from the gas to the solid structure and heat or damage the structure, rather than staying as heat to propel the piston or bullet. The shock wave at such high temperature and pressure is much faster than that of any bullet, and would leave the gun as
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heat. They no longer needed the help of a wooden plug to load since they offered a tighter fit between projectile and barrel, further increasing the accuracy of firearms – and were deadlier due to developments such as gunpowder corning and iron shot.
433:
records that the cannons of Li Ting's soldiers "caused great damage" and created "such confusion that the enemy soldiers attacked and killed each other." The hand cannons were used again in the beginning of 1288. Li Ting's "gun-soldiers" or
196:
from around AD 1000. By the end of the 13th century, they had become "true guns", metal barrel firearms that fired single projectiles which occluded the barrel. Gunpowder and gun technology spread throughout
Eurasia during the 14th century.
2033:, p. 7 "Without doubt it was in the previous century, around +850, that the early alchemical experiments on the constituents of gunpowder, with its self-contained oxygen, reached their climax in the appearance of the mixture itself."
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Most guns use compressed gas confined by the barrel to propel the bullet up to high speed, though devices operating in other ways are sometimes called guns. In firearms the high-pressure gas is generated by combustion, usually of
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A type of scatter bullet — when shot it spews fire, splinters and bullets, and can also be arrows. The characteristic of this projectile is that the bullet does not cover the entire bore of the barrel. Needham, Joseph (1986).
385:
that filled the barrel was recorded to have been used as a fire lance projectile, making it the first recorded bullet in history. With this, the three basic features of a gun were put in place: a barrel made of metal, high-
924:, which came to be known as black powder. By the start of the 20th century, smokeless powder was adopted throughout the world and black powder, what was previously known as gunpowder, was relegated to hobbyist usage.
3013:
349:, which was invented in China between the 10–12th centuries. It was depicted in a silk painting dated to the mid-10th century, but textual evidence of its use does not appear until 1132, describing the
605:
used firearms as part of its regular infantry. In the Middle East, the Arabs seem to have used the hand cannon to some degree during the 14th century. Cannons are attested in India starting from 1366.
1078:(which is the number of shot pellets having the same diameter as the bore produced from one English pound (454g) of lead) or—as in some British ordnance—the weight of the weapon's usual projectile.
1016:, except that the bullet leaves the barrel, while the piston transfers its motion to other parts and returns down the cylinder. As in an internal combustion engine, the combustion propagates by
566:
dates to 1326 and evidence of firearm production can be found in the following year. The first recorded use of gunpowder weapons in Europe was in 1331 when two mounted German knights attacked
732:. It originally described a hand cannon with a lug or hook on the underside for stabilizing the weapon, usually on defensive fortifications. In the early 1500s, heavier variants known as "
770:
little variation from as well as surprising similarity with cannons three centuries later in the 1750s. This 300-year period during which the classic gun dominated gives it its moniker.
284:, a historian of gunpowder technology, a "true gun" is defined as a firearm which shoots a bullet that fits the barrel as opposed to one which does not, such as the shrapnel shooting
265:
dictionary, a gun could mean "a piece of ordnance usually with high muzzle velocity and comparatively flat trajectory," " a portable firearm," or "a device that throws a projectile."
393:
so that the powder charge exerts its full potential in propellant effect. The metal barrel fire lances began to be used without the lance and became guns by the late 13th century.
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had already written about fire lances in the 13th century, so proto-guns were known in the Middle East at that point. Another theory is that it was brought to Europe during the
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guns did exist prior to the 19th century in the form of grooves cut into the interior of a barrel, these were considered specialist weapons and limited in number.
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during the 13th century, but did not acquire a cannon until a monk took one back to Japan from China in 1510, and guns were not produced until 1543, when the
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as "gunpowder weapons that use the explosive force of the gunpowder to propel a projectile from a tube: cannons, muskets, and pistols are typical examples."
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Roger Bacon and His Search for a
Universal Science: A Reconsideration of the Life and Work of Roger Bacon in the Light of His Own Stated Purposes
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157:). The high-pressure gas is introduced behind the projectile, pushing and accelerating it down the length of the tube, imparting sufficient
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1028:, like the optimal motor fuel, is resistant to detonation. This is because much of the energy generated in detonation is in the form of a
950:, the first successful machine gun, capable of firing 200 gunpowder cartridges in a minute. It was fielded by the Union forces during the
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was a firearm that appeared in Europe and the
Ottoman Empire in the early 15th century. Its name is derived from the German word
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Science and
Civilisation in China, Volume 5: Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Part 7, Military Technology: The Gunpowder Epic
823:. The new cartridge contained a conical bullet, a cardboard powder tube, and a copper base that incorporated a primer pellet.
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Khan, Iqtidar Alam (1996), "Coming of
Gunpowder to the Islamic World and North India: Spotlight on the Role of the Mongols",
1709:
880:, the first projectile that could easily slide down a rifled barrel, which made rifles a viable military firearm, ending the
2497:
Schlegel, Gustaaf (1902). "On the
Invention and Use of Fire-Arms and Gunpowder in China, Prior to the Arrival of European".
1065:—a series of spiraled grooves or angles within the barrel—when the projectile requires an induced spin to stabilize it, and
578:
in 1346. Early guns and the men who used them were often associated with the devil and the gunner's craft was considered a
543:
The exact nature of the spread of firearms and its route is uncertain. One theory is that gunpowder and cannons arrived in
6355:
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19:
This article is about guns in general, including cannons and other mounted weapons. For hand-held guns in particular, see
2726:Ágoston, Gábor (2014). "Firearms and Military Adaptation: The Ottomans and the European Military Revolution, 1450–1800".
380:
in the propellant was increased to maximise its explosive power. To better withstand that explosive power, the paper and
243:
which combines two Norse words referring to battle. "Gunnildr", which means "War-sword", was often shortened to "Gunna".
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History of
Civilizations of Central Asia: Development in Contrast: from the Sixteenth to the Mid-Nineteenth Century
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to sustain its further travel towards the target once the propelling gas ceases acting upon it after it exits the
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for use in the naval fleet. During the following years, the
Majapahit army have begun producing cannons known as
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861:, a breech-loading rifle which increased the rate of fire to six times that of muzzle loading weapons. In 1854,
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444:) carried the hand cannons "on their backs". The passage on the 1288 battle is also the first to use the name
4063:
Schmidtchen, Volker (1977b), "Riesengeschütze des 15. Jahrhunderts. Technische Höchstleistungen ihrer Zeit",
4053:
Schmidtchen, Volker (1977a), "Riesengeschütze des 15. Jahrhunderts. Technische Höchstleistungen ihrer Zeit",
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A Pischal-Pro anti-UAV gun, also known as an anti-drone rifle, fires electromagnetic radiation at its target
1230:
1149:
977:. It was introduced into service in 1918 by the German Army during World War I as the primary weapon of the
862:
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969:(a fully automatic firearm which fires pistol cartridges) able to be maneuvered by a single soldier is the
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Le carrefour javanais. Essai d'histoire globale (The
Javanese Crossroads: Towards a Global History) Vol. 2
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501:(fire tubes) at the Battle of Tsushima in 1274 and the second coastal assault led by Holdon in 1281. The
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were developed, creating in effect the first smooth-bore personal firearm. In the late 15th century the
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War in World History: Society, Technology, and War from Ancient Times to the Present, Volume 1, To 1500
3695:"L'Artillerie legere nousantarienne: A propos de six canons conserves dans des collections portugaises"
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The Age of Wars of Religion, 1000–1650: an Encyclopedia of Global Warfare and Civilization, Vol 1, A-K
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Gunpowder: Alchemy, Bombards, & Pyrotechnics: The History of the Explosive that Changed the World
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Pair of Miquelet Pistols, in the Peninsular Spanish style, made in colonial Mexico, ca. 1757, at the
639:
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accounts list "ribaldis", a type of cannon, in the 1340s, and siege guns were used by the English at
24:
1070:
diameter (bore) of the barrel in decimal fractions of the inch or in millimetres. Some guns—such as
570:
with gunpowder weapons of some sort. By 1338 hand cannons were in widespread use in France. English
76:
using pressure or explosive force. The projectiles are typically solid, but can also be pressurized
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either through the barrel or the bullet itself rather than contributing to the bullet's velocity.
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trigger system. The new percussion caps allowed guns to shoot reliably in any weather condition.
752:
The Ottomans may have used arquebuses as early as the first half of the 15th century during the
741:
musket." A Habsburg commander in the mid-1560s once referred to muskets as "double arquebuses."
412:
have been found dating to the late 13th century and possibly earlier in the early 13th century.
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Khan, Iqtidar Alam (1991). "The Nature of Handguns in Mughal India: 16th and 17th Centuries".
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learned how to produce gunpowder from China by 1372 and started producing cannons by 1377. In
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The means of projectile propulsion vary according to designs, but are traditionally effected
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Buchanan, Brenda J. (2006), "Gunpowder, Explosives and the State: A Technological History",
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soldiers used hand cannons at the very latest by 1390 when they employed them in killing
4249:
3884:
3114:
The Gunpowder Age: China, Military Innovation, and the Rise of the West in World History
2856:
2419:
Mayers (1876). "Chinese explorations of the Indian Ocean during the fifteenth century".
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while the other arm maneuvered a hot pricker to the touch hole to ignite the gunpowder.
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David Nicolle, Crécy 1346: Triumph of the longbow, Osprey Publishing; June 25, 2000;
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A 'flying-cloud thunderclap-eruptor,' a proto-gun firing thunderclap bombs, from the
182:
93:
2314:
2285:
DeVries, Kelly (1998). "Gunpowder Weaponry and the Rise of the Early Modern State".
1419:
submachine gun is widely used by law enforcement tactical teams and military forces.
1408:
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of 1443–1444. The arquebus was used in substantial numbers during the reign of king
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Gunpowder and firearm historian Kenneth Chase defines "firearms" and "guns" in his
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134:
85:
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Dangerous Energy: The archaeology of gunpowder and military explosives manufacture
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Guns for the Sultan: Military Power and the Weapons Industry in the Ottoman Empire
2525:
Southeast Asia in the Age of Commerce, 1450-1680. Volume Two: Expansion and Crisis
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and certain other types combine the projectile and propellant into a single item.
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Several developments in the 19th century led to the development of modern guns.
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continued to be called musket. They were used throughout Asia by the mid-1500s.
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334:
211:
113:
43:
2577:
Averoes, Muhammad (2020). Antara Cerita dan Sejarah: Meriam Cetbang Majapahit.
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is considered to derive from the name given to a particular historical weapon.
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The History and Chronology of Gunpowder and Gunpowder Weapons (c.1000 to 1850)
2514:. Paris: Editions de l'Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales. Page 178.
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von Kármán, Theodore (1942). "The Role of Fluid Mechanics in Modern Warfare".
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Hunyadi to Rákóczi: War and Society in Late Medieval and Early Modern Hungary
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Chinese Siege Warfare: Mechanical Artillery & Siege Weapons of Antiquity
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677:
667:
548:
342:
314:
236:
130:
81:
1318:
2739:
1307:
891:
with resounding success and proved vastly superior to smoothbore muskets.
853:
The rate of fire of handheld guns began to increase drastically. In 1836,
485:, proto-cannons, or signal flares. Hand cannons may have been used in the
6457:
6445:
5988:
5872:
5828:
5818:
5813:
5789:
5541:
5526:
5130:
5021:
4685:
4536:
4494:
4446:
4399:
1634:
1592:
1575:
1546:
1373:
1323:
1303:
1130:
1110:
1105:
725:
663:
651:
228:
109:
3815:
Science & Civilisation in China, Volume 5 Part 7: The Gunpowder Epic
3220:
2676:
2306:
345:
was invented in China during the 9th century. The first firearm was the
173:
to achieve acceleration, in which case the barrel may be substituted by
6328:
6020:
5935:
5843:
5823:
5801:
5770:
5641:
5368:
5028:
4778:
4702:
4486:
4441:
4436:
4404:
4359:
4308:
4280:
3670:
1714:
1679:
1674:
1609:
1346:
1271:
1225:
1198:
1088:
1071:
1062:
701:
613:
597:
Around the late 14th century in Europe, smaller and portable hand-held
536:
386:
186:
178:
154:
150:
117:
97:
36:
20:
246:
The earliest recorded use of the term "gonne" was in a Latin document
6138:
6030:
5945:
5743:
4509:
4409:
4340:
3010:"Captive Bolt Stunning Equipment and the Law – How it applies to you"
1526:
1351:
1281:
1120:
884:
733:
643:
627:
598:
583:
563:
544:
420:
381:
235:
during the 14th century. This name in turn may have derived from the
122:
77:
3926:
Artillery and warfare during the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries
3662:
988:
is used in agriculture to humanely stun farm animals for slaughter.
4961:
4956:
4941:
4896:
4592:
1654:
1407:
1317:
1306:
1156:
1048:
1033:
996:
970:
931:
847:
830:
772:
711:
631:
607:
530:
360:
323:
204:
105:
42:
31:
3833:
The Mongol Warlords: Genghis Khan, Kublai Khan, Hulegu, Tamerlane
3406:
Armchair General. January 2005. Adapted from a talk given to the
509:"which caused a flash of light and a loud noise when fired." The
489:. Japanese descriptions of the invasions mention iron and bamboo
231:, a mechanical bolt throwing weapon of enormous size, mounted at
3649:
Lu, Gwei-Djen (1988), "The Oldest Representation of a Bombard",
493:
causing "light and fire" and emitting 2–3,000 iron bullets. The
6254:
5787:
4978:
4357:
4253:
3877:
The Dawn of Science: Glimpses from History for the Curious Mind
3105:
High Energy Materials: Propellants, Explosives and Pyrotechnics
586:
on battlefields created from the firing of guns along with the
192:
The first devices identified as guns or proto-guns appeared in
4946:
4906:
4335:
89:
4150:
Ideas: A History of Thought and Invention, from Fire to Freud
1990:
1988:
3948:
Giving up the Gun, Japan's reversion to the Sword, 1543–1879
3433:
Cathayan Arrows and Meteors: The Origins of Chinese Rocketry
3163:(2nd ed.). West Point, New York: Thomas Publications.
3569:
Introduction to Battlefield Weapons Systems and Technology
2953:
2951:
2938:
2936:
2911:
2909:
2791:
2789:
906:. An improved version of the Henry rifle was developed by
654:'s voyage. Hand guns were utilized effectively during the
3633:
The Asian Military Revolution: from Gunpowder to the Bomb
2226:
2224:
2056:
2054:
2163:
2161:
2097:
2095:
2093:
1936:
1934:
1804:
1802:
1789:
1787:
1738:
The Chambers Dictionary, Allied Chambers – 199, page 717
650:
use of hand cannon for marriage ceremony in 1413 during
471:
was used instead of the earlier and more ambiguous term
419:
troops with hand cannons to put down a rebellion by the
4086:
Fighting Ships Far East (2: Japan and Korea AD 612–1639
3851:, vol. 1, Westport & London: Greenwood Press,
2992:
2990:
2124:
2122:
1951:
1949:
1886:
1884:
1831:
1829:
1774:
1772:
1770:
1757:
1755:
389:
gunpowder, and a projectile which totally occludes the
3748:
The Rise of the West: A History of the Human Community
2568:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 9 and 220.
1859:
1857:
1921:
1919:
4208:
Machine guns: an illustrated history of their impact
3794:
Science & Civilisation in China, Volume 5 Part 4
3590:, Singapore, Republic of Singapore: Leong Kit Meng,
3314:
Throwing Fire: Projectile Technology Through History
292:
of 1288 or the vase shaped European cannon of 1326.
6584:
6525:
6486:
6414:
6366:
6275:
6172:
6029:
5965:
5881:
5800:
5624:
5554:
5428:
5329:
4988:
4886:
4834:
4777:
4735:
4591:
4485:
3945:
3785:Science and Civilization in China, Volume 5 Part 3
3776:Science and Civilization in China, Volume 4 Part 3
96:). Solid projectiles may be free-flying (as with
4114:The Hundred Years War (part II): Different Vistas
3995:A History of the Early Medieval Siege c. 450–1200
3524:Gunpowder and Firearms: Warfare in Medieval India
2241:
2239:
1849:The Merriam-Webster's New Book of Word Histories.
646:king Che Bong Nga. Chinese observer recorded the
696:utilized gunpowder technology obtained from the
527:Historiography of gunpowder and gun transmission
6576:Small Arms & Light Weapons (SALW)
4004:A History of the Late Medieval Siege, 1200–1500
3444:"Potassium Nitrate in Arabic and Latin Sources"
3160:A Course of Instruction in Ordnance and Gunnery
2330:Proceedings of the Second Hydraulics Conference
981:(assault groups specialized in trench combat).
3551:Artillery An Illustrated History of its Impact
2527:. New Haven and London: Yale University Press.
991:The first assault rifle was introduced during
4265:
4030:The First & Second Italian Wars 1494-1504
3910:, Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press,
3687:A History of Chinese Science and Technology 2
3333:Long Range Shooting: A Historical Perspective
476:
462:
449:
439:
8:
3606:Tanegashima – The Arrival of Europe in Japan
404:by the 1280s. Surviving cannons such as the
3466:The Eastern Origins of Western Civilisation
3395:Battle at Sea: 3,000 Years of Naval Warfare
6531:
6251:
5971:
5806:
5784:
5560:
5434:
4994:
4975:
4788:
4602:
4354:
4301:
4272:
4258:
4250:
4134:, Westport & London: Greenwood Press,
3449:History of Science and Technology in Islam
3376:The Cambridge Illustrated History of China
3133:History of Warfare: The Renaissance at War
2780:
2701:
2665:Proceedings of the Indian History Congress
2256:
2254:
4132:The Encyclopedia of the Hundred Years War
4106:, vol. III, New York: Pergamon Press
2957:
2942:
2927:
2915:
2900:
1979:
1322:Smith & Wesson "Military and Police"
962:, the first single-barreled machine gun.
920:was invented in 1880 and began replacing
227:was the name given to a remarkably large
153:), or by mechanical compression (as with
3936:Firearms: The Life Story of a Technology
3571:. Oxford: Brassey's Defence Publishers.
2041:
2039:
2018:
1890:
4219:, Shrewsbury: Airlife Publishing Ltd.,
3968:The Total Gun Manual (Canadian edition)
3533:Historical Dictionary of Medieval India
2969:
2888:
2876:
2843:
2831:
2638:
2602:
2590:
2473:
2436:
2342:
2230:
2203:
2191:
2179:
2167:
2152:
2140:
2113:
2101:
2060:
2030:
2006:
1994:
1955:
1940:
1835:
1820:
1808:
1793:
1778:
1761:
1731:
1012:. This principle is similar to that of
865:produced a rifle with a self-contained
612:A breech loading matchlock with a plug
559:in the first half of the 13th century.
328:The first firearm (a "proto-gun"), the
4166:Wilkinson, Philip (9 September 1997),
4104:Chemistry and Technology of Explosives
3180:Breverton's Encyclopedia of Inventions
2795:
2713:
2689:
2245:
2215:
2128:
562:The earliest depiction of a cannon in
3907:A History of Greek Fire and Gunpowder
3898:, Cambridge, UK: W. Heffer & Sons
3896:A History of Greek Fire and Gunpowder
3841:Armies of the Ottoman Turks 1300-1774
3731:The Mongol Conquests in World History
3416:Seapower and Naval Warfare, 1650–1830
3404:"Confederate Boys and Peter Monkeys."
3189:The Big Bang: A History of Explosives
2996:
2981:
2650:
2614:
2485:
2395:
2371:
2272:
2260:
2084:
2072:
2045:
1967:
1925:
1875:
1863:
887:era. Rifles were deployed during the
658:. Japan knew of gunpowder due to the
582:, a point reinforced by the smell of
141:), produced either through the rapid
7:
3867:Early Gunpowder Artillery: 1300–1600
2819:
2807:
2626:
2407:
2383:
2768:
481:), which may refer to the tubes of
415:In 1287, the Yuan dynasty deployed
3987:The Seal of the Unity of the Three
3305:Saltpeter: The Mother of Gunpowder
3247:Firearms: A Global History to 1700
270:Firearms: A Global History to 1700
14:
4188:Wilkinson-Latham, Robert (1975),
3215:(3), Aldershot: Ashgate: 785–86,
3157:Benton, Captain James G. (1862).
910:in 1873, known as the Model 1873
908:Winchester Repeating Arms Company
477:
463:
450:
440:
376:In due course, the proportion of
72:is a device designed to propel a
4038:Medieval Naval Warfare 1000–1500
3976:Phillips, Henry Prataps (2016),
3869:, Marlborough: The Crowood Press
3608:, Nordic Inst of Asian Studies,
3559:Renaissance War Galley 1470-1590
1748:Merriam-Webster Dictionary - gun
497:, written around 1300, mentions
137:contained within a barrel tube (
16:Device that launches projectiles
4241:Tatsusaburo, Hayashiya (2005),
4112:Villalon, L. J. Andrew (2008),
4078:, University of Wisconsin Press
3746:McNeill, William Hardy (1992),
2450:"First use of hand guns in war"
680:technology entered Java in the
219:The origin of the English word
3817:, Cambridge University Press,
3796:, Cambridge University Press,
3635:, Cambridge University Press,
3379:, Cambridge University Press,
3316:, Cambridge University Press,
3249:, Cambridge University Press,
3116:, Princeton University Press,
3089:, Cambridge University Press,
1847:Merriam-Webster, Inc. (1990).
1710:Overview of gun laws by nation
1:
6441:Firearms by country
6356:Civilian Marksmanship Program
4215:Williams, Anthony G. (2000),
4192:, France: Osprey Publishing,
4076:Viêt Nam Borderless Histories
3928:, Utah State University Press
3924:Patrick, John Merton (1961),
3750:, University of Chicago Press
3693:Manguin, Pierre-Yves (1976).
3535:, The Scarecrow Press, Inc.,
3408:Geological Society of America
3286:Japan at War: An Oral History
3270:, Swindon: English Heritage,
3103:Agrawal, Jai Prakash (2010),
1314:chambered in .32 S&W Long
995:by the Germans, known as the
815:invented the first practical
467:) for metal-barrel firearms.
247:
165:. Alternatively, new-concept
4206:Willbanks, James H. (2004),
4047:Warfare in Pre-British India
3938:, Greenwood Publishing Group
3787:, Cambridge University Press
3778:, Cambridge University Press
3468:, Cambridge University Press
3135:, London: Cassell & Co,
3027:Dunlap, Roy F. (June 1963).
6612:Federal Assault Weapons Ban
6510:Campaign Against Arms Trade
4152:, Harper Perennial (2006),
3985:Pregadio, Fabrizio (2011),
3952:, Boston: David R. Godine,
3875:Padmanabhan, Thanu (2019),
3531:Khan, Iqtidar Alam (2008),
3522:Khan, Iqtidar Alam (2004),
3373:Ebrey, Patricia B. (1999),
1459:General-purpose machine gun
1014:internal combustion engines
6674:
6566:High-capacity magazine ban
5692:Mean time between failures
4233:Kouichiro, Hamada (2012),
4102:Urbanski, Tadeusz (1967),
4084:Turnbull, Stephen (2003),
4074:Tran, Nhung Tuyet (2006),
3904:Partington, J. R. (1999),
3312:Crosby, Alfred W. (2002),
3284:Cook, Haruko Taya (2000),
3131:Arnold, Thomas F. (2001),
2862:Metropolitan Museum of Art
2857:"Pair of Miquelet Pistols"
2543:. Gramedia Pustaka Utama.
2299:10.1177/096834459800500201
1909:Merriam-Webster Dictionary
1599:Training and entertainment
855:Johann Nicolaus von Dreyse
779:Metropolitan Museum of Art
765:Transition to classic guns
524:
308:
18:
6534:
6295:Household ownership rates
6250:
5974:
5809:
5783:
5563:
5437:
4997:
4974:
4791:
4605:
4366:
4353:
4304:
4300:
4022:New Principles of Gunnery
4020:Robins, Benjamin (1742),
3966:Petzal, David E. (2014),
3847:Nolan, Cathal J. (2006),
3756:Morillo, Stephen (2008),
3567:Lee, R. Geoffrey (1981).
3526:, Oxford University Press
3474:Johnson, Norman Gardner.
3414:Harding, Richard (1999),
3307:, Oxford University Press
3178:Breverton, Terry (2012),
1204:Designated marksman rifle
551:through the Middle East.
487:Mongol invasions of Japan
201:Etymology and terminology
4130:Wagner, John A. (2006),
3792:Needham, Joseph (1980),
3783:Needham, Joseph (1976),
3774:Needham, Joseph (1971),
3738:McLachlan, Sean (2010),
3631:Lorge, Peter A. (2008),
3624:Warfare in China to 1600
3510:Journal of Asian History
3464:Hobson, John M. (2004),
3431:Haw, Stephen G. (2013),
2728:Journal of World History
1474:Infantry Automatic Rifle
406:Heilongjiang hand cannon
315:Gunpowder § History
290:Heilongjiang hand cannon
6596:by U.S. state
6006:Overpressure ammunition
5941:Improved Military Rifle
5647:Circular error probable
4566:Personal defence weapon
4028:Romane, Julian (2020),
3839:Nicolle, David (1983),
3831:Nicolle, David (1990),
3714:10.3406/arasi.1976.1103
3604:Lidin, Olaf G. (2002),
3586:Liang, Jieming (2006),
3561:, Osprey Publisher Ltd.
3557:Konstam, Angus (2002),
3480:Encyclopædia Britannica
3293:Cowley, Robert (1993),
3264:Cocroft, Wayne (2000),
3245:Chase, Kenneth (2003),
3112:Andrade, Tonio (2016),
3085:Ágoston, Gábor (2005),
3077:Adle, Chahryar (2003),
2537:Pramono, Djoko (2005).
2510:Lombard, Denys (1990).
1651:Directed-energy weapons
1231:Double-barreled shotgun
1150:Personal defense weapon
954:in the 1860s. In 1884,
863:Volcanic Repeating Arms
682:Mongol invasion of Java
513:of 1370 mentions "iron
400:were being used in the
357:Transition to true guns
104:) or tethered (as with
6290:Civilian gun ownership
5819:Firing (Shooting)
4148:Watson, Peter (2006),
4116:, Brill Academic Pub,
4070:(3): 213–237 (226–228)
4060:(2): 153–173 (153–157)
4002:Purton, Peter (2010),
3993:Purton, Peter (2009),
3685:Lu, Yongxiang (2015),
3651:Technology and Culture
3402:Hadden, R. Lee. 2005.
3364:Easton, S. C. (1952),
3331:Curtis, W. S. (2014),
3303:Cressy, David (2013),
3209:Technology and Culture
2523:Reid, Anthony (1993).
2454:Guinness World Records
1660:
1469:Squad Automatic Weapon
1420:
1326:
1315:
1251:Semi-automatic shotgun
1058:
944:Richard Jordan Gatling
939:
843:
781:
754:Ottoman–Hungarian wars
721:
623:
540:
505:of 1360 mentions iron
373:
339:
311:History of the firearm
216:
169:weapons may employ an
65:
40:
23:. For other uses, see
5764:Handgun effectiveness
5697:Minute of Angle (MOA)
5573:Ballistic coefficient
4549:Semi-automatic pistol
4088:, Osprey Publishing,
4045:Roy, Kaushik (2015),
3944:Perrin, Noel (1979),
3934:Pauly, Roger (2004),
3865:Norris, John (2003),
3729:May, Timothy (2012),
3622:Lorge, Peter (2005),
3549:Kinard, Jeff (2007),
3192:, Sutton Publishing,
3186:Brown, G. I. (1998),
2740:10.1353/jwh.2014.0005
1658:
1411:
1321:
1310:
1287:Semi-automatic pistol
1074:—report the weapon's
1061:Barrel types include
1052:
984:In civilian use, the
935:
902:, the first reliable
834:
804:, which replaced the
776:
715:
611:
534:
517:shaped like a bell."
364:
327:
309:Further information:
208:
171:electromagnetic field
120:gun is also called a
46:
39:semi-automatic pistol
35:
6381:in the United States
6039:Armour piercing
5600:Rangefinding/keeping
5512:Push/Controlled feed
5304:Synchronization gear
5039:Blank-firing adapter
4890: or famous
4190:Napoleon's Artillery
4036:Rose, Susan (2002),
3487:Kelly, Jack (2004),
3423:Smee, Harry (2020),
3393:Grant, R.G. (2011),
3341:Earl, Brian (1978),
1214:Semi-automatic rifle
1053:Rifling of a 105 mm
896:Benjamin Tyler Henry
874:Claude-Étienne Minié
670:which were known as
239:woman's proper name
25:Gun (disambiguation)
6473:Privately made
6436:Firearm brands
6322:State firearms
6302:Exhibition shooting
6285:Celebratory gunfire
6144:Plastic tipped
6074:High explosive
5595:Physics of firearms
3997:, The Boydell Press
3885:2019dsgh.book.....P
3740:Medieval Handgonnes
3440:al-Hassan, Ahmad Y.
3425:Gunpowder and Glory
3418:, UCL Press Limited
3221:10.1353/tech.0.0051
3149:Bak, J. M. (1982),
3033:. Stackpole Books.
2879:, pp. 104–106.
1997:, pp. 103–104.
1904:"Definition of GUN"
1851:Basic Books. pg.207
1615:Drill Purpose Rifle
1241:Pump-action shotgun
1162:Anti-materiel rifle
1003:Operating principle
986:captive bolt pistol
708:Arquebus and musket
568:Cividale del Friuli
6651:Chinese inventions
6646:Projectile weapons
6571:Right to bear arms
6517:Featureless rifles
6463:Improvised firearm
6424:3D printed firearm
6312:United States
6207:Fully powered
6114:Total metal jacket
5754:Stock measurements
4477:Underwater firearm
4373: versus
4172:Dorling Kindersley
3347:Trevithick Society
3343:Cornish Explosives
2771:, pp. 125–40.
1661:
1481:Medium machine gun
1421:
1414:Heckler & Koch
1401:Rotary machine gun
1327:
1316:
1179:Lever-action rifle
1059:
1024:, and the optimal
965:The world's first
952:American Civil War
940:
844:
813:Casimir Lefaucheux
782:
722:
624:
541:
374:
340:
217:
181:) or wrapped with
66:
41:
6628:
6627:
6624:
6623:
6620:
6619:
6585:United States Gun
6246:
6245:
6242:
6241:
6129:Hollow point
6054:Full metal jacket
5961:
5960:
5919:Tubes and Primers
5779:
5778:
5729:Power factor
5667:Gun harmonisation
5620:
5619:
5550:
5549:
5424:
5423:
5406:Night vision
4970:
4969:
4882:
4881:
4796:Automatic shotgun
4773:
4772:
4360:Types of firearms
4349:
4348:
4226:978-1-84037-435-3
4199:978-0-85045-247-1
4181:978-0-7894-2047-3
4159:978-0-06-093564-1
4141:978-0-313-32736-0
4123:978-90-04-16821-3
4095:978-1-84176-478-8
4065:Technikgeschichte
4055:Technikgeschichte
4013:978-1-84383-449-6
4006:, Boydell Press,
3959:978-0-87923-773-8
3917:978-0-8018-5954-0
3892:Partington, J. R.
3858:978-0-313-33733-8
3824:978-0-521-30358-3
3803:978-0-521-08573-1
3767:978-0-07-052584-9
3642:978-0-521-60954-8
3597:978-981-05-5380-7
3542:978-0-8108-5503-8
3500:978-0-465-03718-6
3410:on 25 March 2004.
3386:978-0-521-43519-2
3368:, Basil Blackwell
3356:978-0-904040-13-5
3323:978-0-521-79158-8
3295:Experience of War
3277:978-1-85074-718-5
3256:978-0-521-82274-9
3230:978-0-7546-5259-5
3199:978-0-7509-1878-7
3170:978-1-57747-079-3
3142:978-0-304-35270-8
3123:978-0-691-13597-7
3096:978-0-521-60391-1
3040:978-0-8117-0770-1
2581:, 3(2), 89 - 100.
2360:978-1-85532-966-9
2182:, pp. 52–53.
1912:. 13 August 2023.
1557:Anti-aircraft gun
1486:Heavy machine gun
1464:Light machine gun
1256:Automatic shotgun
1236:Sawed-off shotgun
1184:Bolt-action rifle
1055:Royal Ordnance L7
859:Dreyse needle gun
758:Matthias Corvinus
692:(prime minister)
674:to the Japanese.
590:and accompanying
535:Western European
503:Hachiman Gudoukun
495:Nihon Kokujokushi
454:) with the metal
396:Guns such as the
368:from the Chinese
261:According to the
6663:
6532:
6478:Small arms trade
6416:Firearm industry
6267:, and
6252:
6124:Hollow base
5972:
5951:Smokeless powder
5807:
5785:
5734:Precision-guided
5561:
5435:
5242:Rail system
5116:Flash suppressor
4995:
4976:
4922:Winchester rifle
4912:Antique firearms
4842:20-gauge shotgun
4789:
4603:
4355:
4302:
4274:
4267:
4260:
4251:
4245:
4237:
4229:
4211:
4210:, ABC-CLIO, Inc.
4202:
4184:
4162:
4144:
4126:
4107:
4098:
4079:
4050:
4041:
4032:
4024:
4016:
3998:
3989:
3981:
3971:
3962:
3951:
3939:
3929:
3920:
3899:
3887:
3870:
3861:
3843:
3835:
3827:
3806:
3788:
3779:
3770:
3751:
3742:
3734:
3733:, Reaktion Books
3725:
3699:
3689:
3681:
3645:
3627:
3618:
3600:
3582:
3562:
3553:
3545:
3527:
3517:
3503:
3483:
3469:
3459:
3458:
3456:
3435:
3427:
3419:
3398:
3389:
3369:
3359:
3345:, Cornwall: The
3336:
3326:
3308:
3298:
3289:
3280:
3259:
3241:
3202:
3182:
3174:
3153:
3145:
3126:
3108:
3099:
3081:
3063:
3062:
3059:Pew Pew Tactical
3051:
3045:
3044:
3024:
3018:
3017:
3012:. Archived from
3006:
3000:
2994:
2985:
2979:
2973:
2967:
2961:
2955:
2946:
2940:
2931:
2925:
2919:
2913:
2904:
2898:
2892:
2886:
2880:
2874:
2868:
2867:
2853:
2847:
2841:
2835:
2829:
2823:
2817:
2811:
2805:
2799:
2798:, p. 75-78.
2793:
2784:
2778:
2772:
2766:
2760:
2759:
2723:
2717:
2711:
2705:
2704:, p. xxvii.
2699:
2693:
2687:
2681:
2680:
2660:
2654:
2648:
2642:
2636:
2630:
2624:
2618:
2612:
2606:
2600:
2594:
2588:
2582:
2575:
2569:
2561:
2555:
2554:
2534:
2528:
2521:
2515:
2508:
2502:
2495:
2489:
2488:, pp. 1–14.
2483:
2477:
2471:
2465:
2464:
2462:
2461:
2446:
2440:
2434:
2428:
2421:The China Review
2417:
2411:
2405:
2399:
2393:
2387:
2386:, pp. 9–10.
2381:
2375:
2369:
2363:
2352:
2346:
2340:
2334:
2333:
2325:
2319:
2318:
2282:
2276:
2270:
2264:
2258:
2249:
2243:
2234:
2228:
2219:
2213:
2207:
2201:
2195:
2189:
2183:
2177:
2171:
2165:
2156:
2150:
2144:
2138:
2132:
2126:
2117:
2111:
2105:
2099:
2088:
2087:, p. 33-34.
2082:
2076:
2070:
2064:
2058:
2049:
2048:, pp. 31–32
2043:
2034:
2028:
2022:
2016:
2010:
2004:
1998:
1992:
1983:
1977:
1971:
1965:
1959:
1953:
1944:
1938:
1929:
1923:
1914:
1913:
1900:
1894:
1888:
1879:
1873:
1867:
1861:
1852:
1845:
1839:
1833:
1824:
1818:
1812:
1806:
1797:
1791:
1782:
1776:
1765:
1759:
1750:
1745:
1739:
1736:
1664:Anti-drone rifle
1582:Rescue equipment
1331:Service revolver
1312:IOF .32 Revolver
1140:Grenade launcher
975:Theodor Bergmann
918:Smokeless powder
912:Winchester rifle
841:Winchester rifle
660:Mongol invasions
480:
479:
466:
465:
453:
452:
443:
442:
252:
249:
102:artillery shells
6673:
6672:
6666:
6665:
6664:
6662:
6661:
6660:
6631:
6630:
6629:
6616:
6580:
6549:Concealed carry
6544:Assault weapons
6539:Air travel
6521:
6498: and
6482:
6410:
6370:
6362:
6351:Shooting sports
6341:Pistol duelling
6271:
6238:
6202:Rifle cartridge
6168:
6109:Supercavitating
6104:Soft point
6025:
5957:
5931:Ball propellant
5877:
5796:
5775:
5771:Twist rate
5662:Gun chronograph
5652:Effective range
5616:
5546:
5517:Recoil-operated
5420:
5325:
4984:
4966:
4952:Colt Peacemaker
4878:
4852:Dragon's breath
4847:Breaching round
4830:
4811:Double-barreled
4769:
4745:General purpose
4731:
4587:
4481:
4422:Multiple-barrel
4362:
4345:
4296:
4278:
4248:
4240:
4235:日本人はこうして戦争をしてきた
4232:
4227:
4214:
4205:
4200:
4187:
4182:
4165:
4160:
4147:
4142:
4129:
4124:
4111:
4101:
4096:
4083:
4073:
4044:
4035:
4027:
4019:
4014:
4001:
3992:
3984:
3975:
3965:
3960:
3943:
3933:
3923:
3918:
3903:
3890:
3874:
3864:
3859:
3846:
3838:
3830:
3825:
3811:Needham, Joseph
3809:
3804:
3791:
3782:
3773:
3768:
3760:, McGraw-Hill,
3755:
3745:
3737:
3728:
3702:Arts Asiatiques
3697:
3692:
3684:
3663:10.2307/3105275
3648:
3643:
3630:
3621:
3616:
3603:
3598:
3585:
3579:
3566:
3556:
3548:
3543:
3530:
3521:
3507:
3501:
3493:, Basic Books,
3486:
3473:
3463:
3454:
3452:
3438:
3430:
3422:
3413:
3397:, DK Publishing
3392:
3387:
3372:
3363:
3357:
3340:
3330:
3324:
3311:
3302:
3292:
3288:, Phoenix Press
3283:
3278:
3263:
3257:
3244:
3231:
3206:
3200:
3185:
3177:
3171:
3156:
3148:
3143:
3130:
3124:
3111:
3102:
3097:
3084:
3076:
3072:
3067:
3066:
3061:. 2 April 2021.
3055:"How Guns Work"
3053:
3052:
3048:
3041:
3026:
3025:
3021:
3008:
3007:
3003:
2995:
2988:
2980:
2976:
2968:
2964:
2956:
2949:
2941:
2934:
2926:
2922:
2914:
2907:
2899:
2895:
2887:
2883:
2875:
2871:
2855:
2854:
2850:
2842:
2838:
2830:
2826:
2818:
2814:
2806:
2802:
2794:
2787:
2781:Partington 1999
2779:
2775:
2767:
2763:
2725:
2724:
2720:
2712:
2708:
2702:Partington 1999
2700:
2696:
2688:
2684:
2662:
2661:
2657:
2649:
2645:
2637:
2633:
2625:
2621:
2613:
2609:
2601:
2597:
2589:
2585:
2576:
2572:
2562:
2558:
2551:
2536:
2535:
2531:
2522:
2518:
2509:
2505:
2496:
2492:
2484:
2480:
2472:
2468:
2459:
2457:
2448:
2447:
2443:
2435:
2431:
2418:
2414:
2406:
2402:
2394:
2390:
2382:
2378:
2370:
2366:
2353:
2349:
2341:
2337:
2327:
2326:
2322:
2284:
2283:
2279:
2271:
2267:
2259:
2252:
2244:
2237:
2229:
2222:
2214:
2210:
2202:
2198:
2190:
2186:
2178:
2174:
2166:
2159:
2151:
2147:
2139:
2135:
2127:
2120:
2112:
2108:
2100:
2091:
2083:
2079:
2071:
2067:
2059:
2052:
2044:
2037:
2029:
2025:
2017:
2013:
2005:
2001:
1993:
1986:
1978:
1974:
1966:
1962:
1954:
1947:
1939:
1932:
1924:
1917:
1902:
1901:
1897:
1889:
1882:
1874:
1870:
1862:
1855:
1846:
1842:
1834:
1827:
1819:
1815:
1807:
1800:
1792:
1785:
1777:
1768:
1760:
1753:
1746:
1742:
1737:
1733:
1728:
1671:
1653:
1601:
1584:
1572:
1518:
1510:Revolver cannon
1496:
1387:
1343:
1268:
1174:Automatic rifle
1167:Anti-tank rifle
1102:
1097:
1084:
1047:
1042:
1020:rather than by
1005:
930:
904:repeating rifle
829:
819:firearm with a
802:percussion caps
791:
767:
716:Depiction of a
710:
557:Mongol invasion
553:Hasan al-Rammah
529:
523:
430:History of Yuan
359:
322:
317:
307:
298:
278:
263:Merriam-Webster
259:
250:
203:
159:launch velocity
28:
17:
12:
11:
5:
6671:
6670:
6667:
6659:
6658:
6653:
6648:
6643:
6633:
6632:
6626:
6625:
6622:
6621:
6618:
6617:
6615:
6614:
6609:
6604:
6599:
6588:
6586:
6582:
6581:
6579:
6578:
6573:
6568:
6563:
6558:
6557:
6556:
6546:
6541:
6535:
6529:
6523:
6522:
6520:
6519:
6514:
6513:
6512:
6507:
6492:
6490:
6484:
6483:
6481:
6480:
6475:
6470:
6465:
6460:
6455:
6454:
6453:
6443:
6438:
6433:
6432:
6431:
6420:
6418:
6412:
6411:
6409:
6408:
6403:
6398:
6393:
6388:
6386:Assassinations
6383:
6377:
6375:
6364:
6363:
6361:
6360:
6359:
6358:
6348:
6343:
6338:
6331:
6326:
6325:
6324:
6319:
6314:
6304:
6299:
6298:
6297:
6287:
6281:
6279:
6273:
6272:
6255:
6248:
6247:
6244:
6243:
6240:
6239:
6237:
6236:
6231:
6226:
6221:
6220:
6219:
6214:
6209:
6199:
6194:
6189:
6184:
6178:
6176:
6170:
6169:
6167:
6166:
6161:
6156:
6151:
6146:
6141:
6136:
6131:
6126:
6121:
6116:
6111:
6106:
6101:
6096:
6091:
6086:
6081:
6076:
6071:
6066:
6061:
6056:
6051:
6046:
6041:
6035:
6033:
6027:
6026:
6024:
6023:
6018:
6013:
6008:
6003:
5998:
5993:
5992:
5991:
5981:
5975:
5969:
5963:
5962:
5959:
5958:
5956:
5955:
5954:
5953:
5948:
5943:
5938:
5933:
5923:
5922:
5921:
5916:
5911:
5909:Percussion cap
5906:
5896:
5891:
5885:
5883:
5879:
5878:
5876:
5875:
5870:
5869:
5868:
5863:
5858:
5848:
5847:
5846:
5841:
5831:
5826:
5821:
5816:
5810:
5804:
5798:
5797:
5788:
5781:
5780:
5777:
5776:
5774:
5773:
5768:
5767:
5766:
5759:Stopping power
5756:
5751:
5746:
5741:
5736:
5731:
5726:
5721:
5720:
5719:
5714:
5709:
5699:
5694:
5689:
5684:
5679:
5677:Length of pull
5674:
5669:
5664:
5659:
5654:
5649:
5644:
5639:
5634:
5628:
5626:
5622:
5621:
5618:
5617:
5615:
5614:
5613:
5612:
5607:
5597:
5592:
5591:
5590:
5585:
5580:
5575:
5564:
5558:
5552:
5551:
5548:
5547:
5545:
5544:
5539:
5534:
5529:
5524:
5519:
5514:
5509:
5504:
5502:Out-of-battery
5499:
5494:
5489:
5484:
5479:
5474:
5469:
5464:
5459:
5454:
5449:
5444:
5438:
5432:
5426:
5425:
5422:
5421:
5419:
5418:
5413:
5408:
5403:
5398:
5393:
5388:
5383:
5382:
5381:
5371:
5366:
5361:
5356:
5351:
5346:
5341:
5335:
5333:
5327:
5326:
5324:
5323:
5322:
5321:
5311:
5306:
5301:
5296:
5291:
5286:
5281:
5276:
5275:
5274:
5264:
5259:
5254:
5249:
5244:
5239:
5234:
5229:
5224:
5219:
5218:
5217:
5212:
5207:
5202:
5197:
5192:
5182:
5181:
5180:
5175:
5165:
5164:
5163:
5158:
5153:
5143:
5138:
5133:
5128:
5126:Forward assist
5123:
5118:
5113:
5108:
5103:
5098:
5096:Cocking handle
5093:
5088:
5083:
5082:
5081:
5076:
5071:
5066:
5061:
5051:
5046:
5041:
5036:
5031:
5026:
5025:
5024:
5019:
5014:
5009:
4998:
4992:
4986:
4985:
4980:Mechanics and
4979:
4972:
4971:
4968:
4967:
4965:
4964:
4959:
4954:
4949:
4944:
4939:
4934:
4929:
4924:
4919:
4914:
4909:
4904:
4899:
4893:
4891:
4884:
4883:
4880:
4879:
4877:
4876:
4871:
4866:
4865:
4864:
4854:
4849:
4844:
4838:
4836:
4832:
4831:
4829:
4828:
4823:
4818:
4813:
4808:
4806:Combat shotgun
4803:
4798:
4792:
4786:
4775:
4774:
4771:
4770:
4768:
4767:
4762:
4757:
4752:
4747:
4741:
4739:
4733:
4732:
4730:
4729:
4728:
4727:
4717:
4712:
4711:
4710:
4700:
4695:
4694:
4693:
4688:
4683:
4678:
4673:
4663:
4658:
4657:
4656:
4646:
4645:
4644:
4634:
4629:
4628:
4627:
4617:
4612:
4606:
4600:
4589:
4588:
4586:
4585:
4580:
4575:
4574:
4573:
4571:Submachine gun
4568:
4561:Pistol caliber
4558:
4557:
4556:
4546:
4545:
4544:
4534:
4529:
4524:
4519:
4518:
4517:
4507:
4502:
4497:
4491:
4489:
4483:
4482:
4480:
4479:
4474:
4469:
4464:
4459:
4454:
4449:
4444:
4439:
4434:
4429:
4419:
4418:
4417:
4412:
4407:
4397:
4392:
4387:
4382:
4377:
4367:
4364:
4363:
4358:
4351:
4350:
4347:
4346:
4344:
4343:
4338:
4333:
4328:
4323:
4318:
4317:
4316:
4305:
4298:
4297:
4279:
4277:
4276:
4269:
4262:
4254:
4247:
4246:
4243:日本の歴史12 - 天下一統
4238:
4230:
4225:
4212:
4203:
4198:
4185:
4180:
4163:
4158:
4145:
4140:
4127:
4122:
4109:
4099:
4094:
4081:
4071:
4061:
4051:
4042:
4033:
4025:
4017:
4012:
3999:
3990:
3982:
3980:, Notion Press
3973:
3963:
3958:
3941:
3931:
3921:
3916:
3901:
3888:
3872:
3862:
3857:
3844:
3836:
3828:
3823:
3807:
3802:
3789:
3780:
3771:
3766:
3753:
3743:
3735:
3726:
3690:
3682:
3657:(3): 594–605,
3646:
3641:
3628:
3619:
3615:978-8791114120
3614:
3601:
3596:
3583:
3577:
3564:
3554:
3546:
3541:
3528:
3519:
3505:
3499:
3484:
3471:
3461:
3436:
3428:
3420:
3411:
3400:
3390:
3385:
3370:
3361:
3355:
3338:
3328:
3322:
3309:
3300:
3290:
3281:
3276:
3261:
3255:
3242:
3229:
3204:
3198:
3183:
3175:
3169:
3154:
3146:
3141:
3128:
3122:
3109:
3100:
3095:
3082:
3073:
3071:
3068:
3065:
3064:
3046:
3039:
3019:
3016:on 2014-04-05.
3001:
2999:, p. 202.
2986:
2984:, p. 232.
2974:
2972:, p. 294.
2962:
2958:Willbanks 2004
2947:
2943:Willbanks 2004
2932:
2928:Willbanks 2004
2920:
2916:Willbanks 2004
2905:
2901:Willbanks 2004
2893:
2891:, p. 107.
2881:
2869:
2848:
2846:, p. 171.
2836:
2834:, p. 169.
2824:
2822:, p. 107.
2812:
2810:, p. 131.
2800:
2785:
2783:, p. 123.
2773:
2761:
2718:
2706:
2694:
2682:
2655:
2643:
2641:, p. 165.
2631:
2629:, p. 475.
2619:
2607:
2605:, p. 426.
2595:
2593:, p. 443.
2583:
2579:Jurnal Sejarah
2570:
2556:
2549:
2529:
2516:
2503:
2490:
2478:
2476:, p. 430.
2466:
2441:
2439:, p. 245.
2429:
2412:
2400:
2388:
2376:
2364:
2347:
2335:
2320:
2287:War in History
2277:
2265:
2250:
2235:
2233:, p. 295.
2220:
2218:, p. 109.
2208:
2206:, p. 304.
2196:
2194:, p. 294.
2184:
2172:
2157:
2145:
2143:, p. 228.
2133:
2118:
2106:
2089:
2077:
2065:
2063:, p. 222.
2050:
2035:
2023:
2011:
2009:, p. 106.
1999:
1984:
1980:McLachlan 2010
1972:
1960:
1945:
1930:
1915:
1895:
1880:
1868:
1853:
1840:
1825:
1813:
1811:, p. 307.
1798:
1796:, p. 104.
1783:
1766:
1751:
1740:
1730:
1729:
1727:
1724:
1723:
1722:
1717:
1712:
1707:
1702:
1697:
1692:
1687:
1682:
1677:
1670:
1667:
1652:
1649:
1648:
1647:
1642:
1637:
1632:
1627:
1622:
1617:
1612:
1607:
1600:
1597:
1596:
1595:
1590:
1583:
1580:
1579:
1578:
1571:
1568:
1567:
1566:
1565:
1564:
1559:
1554:
1549:
1544:
1539:
1534:
1529:
1517:
1514:
1513:
1512:
1507:
1502:
1495:
1492:
1491:
1490:
1489:
1488:
1483:
1478:
1477:
1476:
1471:
1461:
1451:
1450:
1449:
1439:
1434:
1433:
1432:
1430:Nordenfelt gun
1406:
1405:
1404:
1403:
1398:
1386:
1383:
1382:
1381:
1376:
1371:
1366:
1361:
1356:
1355:
1354:
1342:
1339:
1338:
1337:
1336:
1335:
1334:
1333:
1301:
1300:
1299:
1297:Service pistol
1294:
1292:Machine pistol
1289:
1279:
1267:
1264:
1263:
1262:
1261:
1260:
1259:
1258:
1253:
1248:
1246:Combat shotgun
1243:
1238:
1233:
1223:
1222:
1221:
1216:
1211:
1206:
1201:
1196:
1191:
1186:
1181:
1176:
1171:
1170:
1169:
1154:
1153:
1152:
1145:Submachine gun
1137:
1136:
1135:
1134:
1133:
1128:
1118:
1113:
1101:
1098:
1096:
1093:
1083:
1080:
1046:
1043:
1041:
1038:
1004:
1001:
973:, invented by
967:submachine gun
929:
926:
828:
825:
817:breech loading
790:
787:
766:
763:
746:shoulder stock
709:
706:
636:Southeast Asia
603:Ottoman empire
572:Privy Wardrobe
522:
519:
358:
355:
351:siege of De'an
321:
318:
306:
303:
297:
294:
277:
274:
258:
255:
233:Windsor Castle
225:Domina Gunilda
202:
199:
183:magnetic coils
145:combustion of
58:from its nine
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6669:
6668:
6657:
6654:
6652:
6649:
6647:
6644:
6642:
6639:
6638:
6636:
6613:
6610:
6608:
6605:
6603:
6600:
6597:
6593:
6590:
6589:
6587:
6583:
6577:
6574:
6572:
6569:
6567:
6564:
6562:
6559:
6555:
6552:
6551:
6550:
6547:
6545:
6542:
6540:
6537:
6536:
6533:
6530:
6528:
6524:
6518:
6515:
6511:
6508:
6506:
6503:
6502:
6501:
6497:
6494:
6493:
6491:
6489:
6485:
6479:
6476:
6474:
6471:
6469:
6468:Most-produced
6466:
6464:
6461:
6459:
6456:
6452:
6449:
6448:
6447:
6444:
6442:
6439:
6437:
6434:
6430:
6427:
6426:
6425:
6422:
6421:
6419:
6417:
6413:
6407:
6404:
6402:
6399:
6397:
6394:
6392:
6389:
6387:
6384:
6382:
6379:
6378:
6376:
6374:
6369:
6365:
6357:
6354:
6353:
6352:
6349:
6347:
6344:
6342:
6339:
6337:
6336:
6332:
6330:
6327:
6323:
6320:
6318:
6315:
6313:
6310:
6309:
6308:
6305:
6303:
6300:
6296:
6293:
6292:
6291:
6288:
6286:
6283:
6282:
6280:
6278:
6274:
6270:
6266:
6262:
6258:
6253:
6249:
6235:
6232:
6230:
6227:
6225:
6222:
6218:
6215:
6213:
6210:
6208:
6205:
6204:
6203:
6200:
6198:
6195:
6193:
6190:
6188:
6185:
6183:
6180:
6179:
6177:
6175:
6171:
6165:
6162:
6160:
6157:
6155:
6152:
6150:
6147:
6145:
6142:
6140:
6137:
6135:
6132:
6130:
6127:
6125:
6122:
6120:
6117:
6115:
6112:
6110:
6107:
6105:
6102:
6100:
6097:
6095:
6092:
6090:
6087:
6085:
6082:
6080:
6077:
6075:
6072:
6070:
6067:
6065:
6062:
6060:
6057:
6055:
6052:
6050:
6047:
6045:
6042:
6040:
6037:
6036:
6034:
6032:
6028:
6022:
6019:
6017:
6014:
6012:
6009:
6007:
6004:
6002:
5999:
5997:
5994:
5990:
5987:
5986:
5985:
5982:
5980:
5977:
5976:
5973:
5970:
5968:
5964:
5952:
5949:
5947:
5944:
5942:
5939:
5937:
5934:
5932:
5929:
5928:
5927:
5924:
5920:
5917:
5915:
5912:
5910:
5907:
5905:
5902:
5901:
5900:
5897:
5895:
5892:
5890:
5887:
5886:
5884:
5880:
5874:
5871:
5867:
5864:
5862:
5859:
5857:
5854:
5853:
5852:
5849:
5845:
5842:
5840:
5837:
5836:
5835:
5832:
5830:
5827:
5825:
5822:
5820:
5817:
5815:
5812:
5811:
5808:
5805:
5803:
5799:
5795:
5791:
5786:
5782:
5772:
5769:
5765:
5762:
5761:
5760:
5757:
5755:
5752:
5750:
5747:
5745:
5742:
5740:
5737:
5735:
5732:
5730:
5727:
5725:
5722:
5718:
5715:
5713:
5710:
5708:
5705:
5704:
5703:
5700:
5698:
5695:
5693:
5690:
5688:
5685:
5683:
5680:
5678:
5675:
5673:
5670:
5668:
5665:
5663:
5660:
5658:
5655:
5653:
5650:
5648:
5645:
5643:
5640:
5638:
5635:
5633:
5630:
5629:
5627:
5623:
5611:
5608:
5606:
5603:
5602:
5601:
5598:
5596:
5593:
5589:
5586:
5584:
5581:
5579:
5576:
5574:
5571:
5570:
5569:
5566:
5565:
5562:
5559:
5557:
5553:
5543:
5540:
5538:
5535:
5533:
5530:
5528:
5525:
5523:
5520:
5518:
5515:
5513:
5510:
5508:
5505:
5503:
5500:
5498:
5497:Muzzleloading
5495:
5493:
5490:
5488:
5485:
5483:
5480:
5478:
5475:
5473:
5470:
5468:
5465:
5463:
5462:Breechloading
5460:
5458:
5455:
5453:
5450:
5448:
5445:
5443:
5440:
5439:
5436:
5433:
5431:
5427:
5417:
5414:
5412:
5409:
5407:
5404:
5402:
5399:
5397:
5394:
5392:
5389:
5387:
5384:
5380:
5377:
5376:
5375:
5372:
5370:
5367:
5365:
5362:
5360:
5357:
5355:
5352:
5350:
5347:
5345:
5342:
5340:
5337:
5336:
5334:
5332:
5328:
5320:
5317:
5316:
5315:
5312:
5310:
5307:
5305:
5302:
5300:
5297:
5295:
5292:
5290:
5287:
5285:
5282:
5280:
5277:
5273:
5270:
5269:
5268:
5265:
5263:
5260:
5258:
5255:
5253:
5250:
5248:
5245:
5243:
5240:
5238:
5235:
5233:
5230:
5228:
5227:Muzzle shroud
5225:
5223:
5220:
5216:
5215:Stripper clip
5213:
5211:
5208:
5206:
5205:High-capacity
5203:
5201:
5198:
5196:
5193:
5191:
5188:
5187:
5186:
5183:
5179:
5176:
5174:
5171:
5170:
5169:
5166:
5162:
5159:
5157:
5154:
5152:
5149:
5148:
5147:
5144:
5142:
5139:
5137:
5134:
5132:
5129:
5127:
5124:
5122:
5119:
5117:
5114:
5112:
5109:
5107:
5104:
5102:
5099:
5097:
5094:
5092:
5089:
5087:
5084:
5080:
5077:
5075:
5072:
5070:
5067:
5065:
5062:
5060:
5057:
5056:
5055:
5052:
5050:
5047:
5045:
5042:
5040:
5037:
5035:
5032:
5030:
5027:
5023:
5020:
5018:
5015:
5013:
5010:
5008:
5005:
5004:
5003:
5000:
4999:
4996:
4993:
4991:
4987:
4983:
4977:
4973:
4963:
4960:
4958:
4955:
4953:
4950:
4948:
4945:
4943:
4940:
4938:
4935:
4933:
4932:Mauser rifles
4930:
4928:
4925:
4923:
4920:
4918:
4915:
4913:
4910:
4908:
4905:
4903:
4900:
4898:
4895:
4894:
4892:
4889:
4885:
4875:
4872:
4870:
4867:
4863:
4860:
4859:
4858:
4857:Shotgun shell
4855:
4853:
4850:
4848:
4845:
4843:
4840:
4839:
4837:
4833:
4827:
4824:
4822:
4819:
4817:
4814:
4812:
4809:
4807:
4804:
4802:
4799:
4797:
4794:
4793:
4790:
4787:
4784:
4780:
4776:
4766:
4763:
4761:
4758:
4756:
4753:
4751:
4748:
4746:
4743:
4742:
4740:
4738:
4734:
4726:
4723:
4722:
4721:
4718:
4716:
4713:
4709:
4706:
4705:
4704:
4701:
4699:
4696:
4692:
4689:
4687:
4684:
4682:
4679:
4677:
4674:
4672:
4669:
4668:
4667:
4664:
4662:
4659:
4655:
4652:
4651:
4650:
4647:
4643:
4640:
4639:
4638:
4635:
4633:
4630:
4626:
4623:
4622:
4621:
4618:
4616:
4613:
4611:
4610:Anti-materiel
4608:
4607:
4604:
4601:
4598:
4594:
4590:
4584:
4581:
4579:
4576:
4572:
4569:
4567:
4564:
4563:
4562:
4559:
4555:
4552:
4551:
4550:
4547:
4543:
4540:
4539:
4538:
4535:
4533:
4530:
4528:
4525:
4523:
4520:
4516:
4513:
4512:
4511:
4508:
4506:
4503:
4501:
4498:
4496:
4493:
4492:
4490:
4488:
4484:
4478:
4475:
4473:
4470:
4468:
4465:
4463:
4460:
4458:
4455:
4453:
4450:
4448:
4445:
4443:
4440:
4438:
4435:
4433:
4430:
4427:
4423:
4420:
4416:
4413:
4411:
4408:
4406:
4403:
4402:
4401:
4398:
4396:
4393:
4391:
4388:
4386:
4383:
4381:
4378:
4376:
4372:
4369:
4368:
4365:
4361:
4356:
4352:
4342:
4339:
4337:
4334:
4332:
4329:
4327:
4324:
4322:
4319:
4315:
4312:
4311:
4310:
4307:
4306:
4303:
4299:
4294:
4290:
4286:
4282:
4275:
4270:
4268:
4263:
4261:
4256:
4255:
4252:
4244:
4239:
4236:
4231:
4228:
4222:
4218:
4213:
4209:
4204:
4201:
4195:
4191:
4186:
4183:
4177:
4173:
4169:
4164:
4161:
4155:
4151:
4146:
4143:
4137:
4133:
4128:
4125:
4119:
4115:
4110:
4105:
4100:
4097:
4091:
4087:
4082:
4077:
4072:
4069:
4066:
4062:
4059:
4056:
4052:
4048:
4043:
4039:
4034:
4031:
4026:
4023:
4018:
4015:
4009:
4005:
4000:
3996:
3991:
3988:
3983:
3979:
3974:
3969:
3964:
3961:
3955:
3950:
3949:
3942:
3937:
3932:
3927:
3922:
3919:
3913:
3909:
3908:
3902:
3897:
3893:
3889:
3886:
3882:
3878:
3873:
3868:
3863:
3860:
3854:
3850:
3845:
3842:
3837:
3834:
3829:
3826:
3820:
3816:
3812:
3808:
3805:
3799:
3795:
3790:
3786:
3781:
3777:
3772:
3769:
3763:
3759:
3754:
3749:
3744:
3741:
3736:
3732:
3727:
3723:
3719:
3715:
3711:
3707:
3703:
3696:
3691:
3688:
3683:
3680:
3676:
3672:
3668:
3664:
3660:
3656:
3652:
3647:
3644:
3638:
3634:
3629:
3625:
3620:
3617:
3611:
3607:
3602:
3599:
3593:
3589:
3584:
3580:
3574:
3570:
3565:
3560:
3555:
3552:
3547:
3544:
3538:
3534:
3529:
3525:
3520:
3515:
3511:
3506:
3502:
3496:
3492:
3491:
3485:
3481:
3477:
3472:
3467:
3462:
3451:
3450:
3445:
3441:
3437:
3434:
3429:
3426:
3421:
3417:
3412:
3409:
3405:
3401:
3396:
3391:
3388:
3382:
3378:
3377:
3371:
3367:
3362:
3358:
3352:
3348:
3344:
3339:
3334:
3329:
3325:
3319:
3315:
3310:
3306:
3301:
3296:
3291:
3287:
3282:
3279:
3273:
3269:
3268:
3262:
3258:
3252:
3248:
3243:
3240:
3236:
3232:
3226:
3222:
3218:
3214:
3210:
3205:
3201:
3195:
3191:
3190:
3184:
3181:
3176:
3172:
3166:
3162:
3161:
3155:
3152:
3147:
3144:
3138:
3134:
3129:
3125:
3119:
3115:
3110:
3106:
3101:
3098:
3092:
3088:
3083:
3080:
3075:
3074:
3069:
3060:
3056:
3050:
3047:
3042:
3036:
3032:
3031:
3023:
3020:
3015:
3011:
3005:
3002:
2998:
2993:
2991:
2987:
2983:
2978:
2975:
2971:
2966:
2963:
2960:, p. 17.
2959:
2954:
2952:
2948:
2945:, p. 12.
2944:
2939:
2937:
2933:
2930:, p. 14.
2929:
2924:
2921:
2918:, p. 15.
2917:
2912:
2910:
2906:
2903:, p. 11.
2902:
2897:
2894:
2890:
2885:
2882:
2878:
2873:
2870:
2865:
2863:
2858:
2852:
2849:
2845:
2840:
2837:
2833:
2828:
2825:
2821:
2816:
2813:
2809:
2804:
2801:
2797:
2792:
2790:
2786:
2782:
2777:
2774:
2770:
2765:
2762:
2757:
2753:
2749:
2745:
2741:
2737:
2734:(1): 85–124.
2733:
2729:
2722:
2719:
2716:, p. 75.
2715:
2710:
2707:
2703:
2698:
2695:
2691:
2686:
2683:
2678:
2674:
2670:
2666:
2659:
2656:
2653:, p. 92.
2652:
2647:
2644:
2640:
2635:
2632:
2628:
2623:
2620:
2617:, p. 61.
2616:
2611:
2608:
2604:
2599:
2596:
2592:
2587:
2584:
2580:
2574:
2571:
2567:
2560:
2557:
2552:
2550:9789792213768
2546:
2542:
2541:
2540:Budaya Bahari
2533:
2530:
2526:
2520:
2517:
2513:
2507:
2504:
2500:
2494:
2491:
2487:
2482:
2479:
2475:
2470:
2467:
2455:
2451:
2445:
2442:
2438:
2433:
2430:
2426:
2422:
2416:
2413:
2410:, p. 75.
2409:
2404:
2401:
2397:
2392:
2389:
2385:
2380:
2377:
2374:, p. 32.
2373:
2368:
2365:
2361:
2357:
2351:
2348:
2345:, p. 77.
2344:
2339:
2336:
2331:
2324:
2321:
2316:
2312:
2308:
2304:
2300:
2296:
2292:
2288:
2281:
2278:
2275:, p. 84.
2274:
2269:
2266:
2262:
2257:
2255:
2251:
2247:
2242:
2240:
2236:
2232:
2227:
2225:
2221:
2217:
2212:
2209:
2205:
2200:
2197:
2193:
2188:
2185:
2181:
2176:
2173:
2170:, p. 53.
2169:
2164:
2162:
2158:
2154:
2149:
2146:
2142:
2137:
2134:
2131:, p. 99.
2130:
2125:
2123:
2119:
2116:, p. 46.
2115:
2110:
2107:
2104:, p. 52.
2103:
2098:
2096:
2094:
2090:
2086:
2081:
2078:
2075:, p. 31.
2074:
2069:
2066:
2062:
2057:
2055:
2051:
2047:
2042:
2040:
2036:
2032:
2027:
2024:
2020:
2019:Buchanan 2006
2015:
2012:
2008:
2003:
2000:
1996:
1991:
1989:
1985:
1981:
1976:
1973:
1970:, p. 17.
1969:
1964:
1961:
1957:
1952:
1950:
1946:
1943:, p. 37.
1942:
1937:
1935:
1931:
1927:
1922:
1920:
1916:
1911:
1910:
1905:
1899:
1896:
1892:
1891:Phillips 2016
1887:
1885:
1881:
1878:, p. 30.
1877:
1872:
1869:
1866:, p. 31.
1865:
1860:
1858:
1854:
1850:
1844:
1841:
1838:, p. 75.
1837:
1832:
1830:
1826:
1823:, p. 18.
1822:
1817:
1814:
1810:
1805:
1803:
1799:
1795:
1790:
1788:
1784:
1781:, p. 10.
1780:
1775:
1773:
1771:
1767:
1764:, p. 51.
1763:
1758:
1756:
1752:
1749:
1744:
1741:
1735:
1732:
1725:
1721:
1718:
1716:
1713:
1711:
1708:
1706:
1703:
1701:
1698:
1696:
1695:Gun ownership
1693:
1691:
1688:
1686:
1683:
1681:
1678:
1676:
1673:
1672:
1668:
1666:
1665:
1657:
1650:
1646:
1643:
1641:
1638:
1636:
1633:
1631:
1630:Potato cannon
1628:
1626:
1625:Paintball gun
1623:
1621:
1618:
1616:
1613:
1611:
1608:
1606:
1603:
1602:
1598:
1594:
1591:
1589:
1586:
1585:
1581:
1577:
1574:
1573:
1569:
1563:
1562:Anti-tank gun
1560:
1558:
1555:
1553:
1550:
1548:
1545:
1543:
1540:
1538:
1535:
1533:
1530:
1528:
1525:
1524:
1523:
1522:Artillery gun
1520:
1519:
1515:
1511:
1508:
1506:
1503:
1501:
1498:
1497:
1493:
1487:
1484:
1482:
1479:
1475:
1472:
1470:
1467:
1466:
1465:
1462:
1460:
1457:
1456:
1455:
1452:
1448:
1445:
1444:
1443:
1440:
1438:
1435:
1431:
1428:
1427:
1426:
1423:
1422:
1418:
1415:
1410:
1402:
1399:
1397:
1396:Rotary cannon
1394:
1393:
1392:
1389:
1388:
1384:
1380:
1379:Varmint rifle
1377:
1375:
1372:
1370:
1369:Rimfire rifle
1367:
1365:
1364:Express rifle
1362:
1360:
1357:
1353:
1350:
1349:
1348:
1345:
1344:
1340:
1332:
1329:
1328:
1325:
1320:
1313:
1309:
1305:
1302:
1298:
1295:
1293:
1290:
1288:
1285:
1284:
1283:
1280:
1278:
1275:
1274:
1273:
1270:
1269:
1265:
1257:
1254:
1252:
1249:
1247:
1244:
1242:
1239:
1237:
1234:
1232:
1229:
1228:
1227:
1224:
1220:
1217:
1215:
1212:
1210:
1209:Service rifle
1207:
1205:
1202:
1200:
1197:
1195:
1192:
1190:
1189:Assault rifle
1187:
1185:
1182:
1180:
1177:
1175:
1172:
1168:
1165:
1164:
1163:
1160:
1159:
1158:
1155:
1151:
1148:
1147:
1146:
1143:
1142:
1141:
1138:
1132:
1129:
1127:
1124:
1123:
1122:
1119:
1117:
1114:
1112:
1109:
1108:
1107:
1104:
1103:
1099:
1094:
1092:
1090:
1081:
1079:
1077:
1073:
1068:
1064:
1056:
1051:
1044:
1039:
1037:
1035:
1031:
1027:
1023:
1019:
1015:
1011:
1002:
1000:
998:
994:
989:
987:
982:
980:
976:
972:
968:
963:
961:
958:invented the
957:
953:
949:
946:invented the
945:
938:
934:
927:
925:
923:
919:
915:
913:
909:
905:
901:
897:
892:
890:
886:
883:
879:
876:invented the
875:
870:
868:
864:
860:
857:invented the
856:
851:
849:
842:
838:
833:
826:
824:
822:
818:
814:
809:
807:
803:
799:
794:
788:
786:
780:
775:
771:
764:
762:
759:
755:
750:
747:
742:
739:
735:
731:
727:
719:
714:
707:
705:
703:
699:
695:
691:
687:
684:(1293 A.D.).
683:
679:
675:
673:
669:
665:
661:
657:
653:
649:
645:
641:
637:
633:
629:
621:
620:
615:
610:
606:
604:
600:
595:
593:
589:
585:
581:
577:
573:
569:
565:
560:
558:
554:
550:
546:
538:
533:
528:
520:
518:
516:
512:
508:
504:
500:
496:
492:
488:
484:
474:
470:
460:
457:
447:
437:
432:
431:
426:
422:
418:
413:
411:
407:
403:
399:
394:
392:
388:
383:
379:
371:
367:
363:
356:
354:
352:
348:
344:
337:
336:
331:
326:
319:
316:
312:
304:
302:
295:
293:
291:
287:
283:
282:Tonio Andrade
280:According to
275:
273:
271:
266:
264:
256:
254:
244:
242:
238:
234:
230:
226:
222:
214:
213:
207:
200:
198:
195:
190:
188:
184:
180:
176:
172:
168:
164:
160:
156:
152:
148:
144:
140:
136:
132:
131:pneumatically
127:
125:
124:
119:
115:
111:
107:
103:
99:
95:
94:light-gas gun
91:
87:
83:
79:
75:
71:
64:
61:
57:
54:fires a full
53:
52:
45:
38:
34:
30:
26:
22:
6488:Arms control
6368:Gun violence
6335:Jungle style
6334:
6307:Gun cultures
6212:Intermediate
5889:Fire forming
5739:Rate of fire
5610:Stadiametric
5588:Transitional
5532:Self-loading
5487:Gas-operated
5447:Blow-forward
5379:Red dot
5289:Squeeze bore
5237:Pistol slide
5222:Muzzle brake
5190:Bottom metal
4737:Machine guns
4395:Line thrower
4375:muzzleloader
4371:Breechloader
4320:
4242:
4234:
4216:
4207:
4189:
4167:
4149:
4131:
4113:
4103:
4085:
4075:
4067:
4064:
4057:
4054:
4046:
4037:
4029:
4021:
4003:
3994:
3986:
3977:
3970:, WeldonOwen
3967:
3947:
3935:
3925:
3906:
3895:
3876:
3866:
3848:
3840:
3832:
3814:
3793:
3784:
3775:
3757:
3747:
3739:
3730:
3705:
3701:
3686:
3654:
3650:
3632:
3623:
3605:
3587:
3568:
3558:
3550:
3532:
3523:
3513:
3509:
3489:
3479:
3465:
3453:, retrieved
3448:
3432:
3424:
3415:
3394:
3375:
3365:
3342:
3335:, WeldenOwen
3332:
3313:
3304:
3294:
3285:
3266:
3246:
3212:
3208:
3188:
3179:
3159:
3150:
3132:
3113:
3104:
3086:
3078:
3058:
3049:
3029:
3022:
3014:the original
3004:
2977:
2970:Andrade 2016
2965:
2923:
2896:
2889:Andrade 2016
2884:
2877:Andrade 2016
2872:
2860:
2851:
2844:Andrade 2016
2839:
2832:Andrade 2016
2827:
2815:
2803:
2776:
2764:
2731:
2727:
2721:
2709:
2697:
2692:, p. 5.
2685:
2668:
2664:
2658:
2646:
2639:Andrade 2016
2634:
2622:
2610:
2603:Needham 1986
2598:
2591:Needham 1986
2586:
2578:
2573:
2565:
2559:
2539:
2532:
2524:
2519:
2511:
2506:
2498:
2493:
2481:
2474:Needham 1986
2469:
2458:. Retrieved
2456:. 2023-01-19
2453:
2444:
2437:Manguin 1976
2432:
2424:
2420:
2415:
2403:
2391:
2379:
2367:
2350:
2343:Andrade 2016
2338:
2329:
2323:
2290:
2286:
2280:
2268:
2231:Needham 1986
2211:
2204:Needham 1986
2199:
2192:Needham 1986
2187:
2180:Andrade 2016
2175:
2168:Andrade 2016
2155:, p. 10
2153:Needham 1986
2148:
2141:Needham 1986
2136:
2114:Andrade 2016
2109:
2102:Andrade 2016
2080:
2068:
2061:Needham 1986
2031:Needham 1986
2026:
2014:
2007:Andrade 2016
2002:
1995:Andrade 2016
1982:, p. 8.
1975:
1963:
1958:, p. 9.
1956:Needham 1986
1941:Andrade 2016
1928:, p. 1.
1907:
1898:
1871:
1848:
1843:
1836:Andrade 2016
1821:Nicolle 1983
1816:
1809:Needham 1986
1794:Andrade 2016
1779:Needham 1986
1762:Andrade 2016
1743:
1734:
1690:Gun cultures
1662:
1447:Mitrailleuse
1425:Ribauldequin
1385:Machine guns
1359:Elephant gun
1219:Sniper rifle
1194:Battle rifle
1085:
1060:
1018:deflagration
1006:
993:World War II
990:
983:
979:Stosstruppen
964:
941:
928:Machine guns
916:
898:created the
893:
871:
852:
845:
810:
795:
792:
783:
768:
751:
743:
737:
730:Hackenbüchse
729:
723:
698:Yuan dynasty
689:
676:
656:Hussite Wars
625:
617:
596:
588:muzzle blast
561:
542:
514:
510:
506:
502:
498:
494:
490:
475:(fire tube;
472:
468:
458:
445:
435:
428:
414:
402:Yuan dynasty
395:
375:
370:Yuan dynasty
341:
333:
299:
279:
269:
267:
260:
245:
240:
224:
220:
218:
210:
191:
167:linear motor
135:gas pressure
128:
121:
114:harpoon guns
69:
67:
60:sixteen-inch
50:
29:
6602:Legislation
6554:in the U.S.
6505:Disarmament
6500:Gun control
6197:Handloading
5984:Dummy round
5856:Cooking off
5851:Malfunction
5839:Field strip
5834:Maintenance
5724:Penetration
5687:Match grade
5605:Mathematics
5537:Single-shot
5477:Closed bolt
5391:Scope mount
5354:Holographic
5344:Finderscope
5232:Pistol grip
5210:Speedloader
5064:Telescoping
5044:Breechblock
4917:Gatling gun
4816:Pump action
4457:Single-shot
4380:Combination
4049:, Routledge
4040:, Routledge
3708:: 233–268.
3626:, Routledge
3476:"explosive"
3107:, Wiley-VCH
3030:Gunsmithing
2796:Arnold 2001
2714:Arnold 2001
2690:Petzal 2014
2671:: 378–389.
2398:, p. .
2246:Norris 2003
2216:Purton 2010
2129:Crosby 2002
1700:Gun Quarter
1685:Gun control
1605:Airsoft gun
1454:Machine gun
1437:Metal Storm
1391:Gatling gun
1116:Blunderbuss
956:Hiram Maxim
948:Gatling gun
937:Gatling gun
900:Henry rifle
889:Crimean War
837:Henry rifle
798:Joshua Shaw
789:Modern guns
672:tanegashima
666:introduced
630:kingdom in
483:fire lances
398:hand cannon
372:(1271–1368)
366:Hand cannon
335:Huolongjing
332:, from the
296:Classic gun
251: 1339
212:Huolongjing
175:guide rails
147:propellants
116:). A large-
47:Battleship
6635:Categories
6406:Gun safety
6401:Gunfighter
6192:Centrefire
6174:Cartridges
6154:Snake shot
6094:Round shot
6084:Projectile
6069:Incendiary
5967:Ammunition
5926:Propellant
5894:Obturation
5866:Squib load
5794:ammunition
5632:Accurizing
5568:Ballistics
5482:Electronic
5401:Telescopic
5252:Recoil pad
5111:Firing pin
5086:Bump stock
5049:Breechface
4990:Components
4982:components
4835:Ammunition
4583:Wallet gun
4527:Pepper-box
4472:Spring-gun
4467:Smoothbore
4462:Sleeve gun
4217:Rapid Fire
3578:0080270433
3482:. Chicago.
3070:References
2997:Chase 2003
2982:Kelly 2004
2651:Chase 2003
2615:Chase 2003
2501:. 3: 1–11.
2499:T'oung Pao
2486:Lidin 2002
2460:2023-01-19
2396:Chase 2003
2372:Kelly 2004
2293:(2): 130.
2273:Chase 2003
2261:Chase 2003
2085:Lorge 2008
2073:Chase 2003
2046:Chase 2003
1968:Kelly 2004
1926:Chase 2003
1876:Kelly 2004
1864:Kelly 2004
1705:Gun safety
1500:Autocannon
1494:Autocannon
1442:Volley gun
1082:Projectile
1067:smoothbore
1040:Components
1030:shock wave
1022:detonation
882:smoothbore
878:Minié ball
694:Gajah Mada
668:matchlocks
664:Portuguese
525:See also:
410:Xanadu Gun
347:fire lance
330:fire lance
286:fire lance
257:Definition
143:exothermic
139:gun barrel
133:by a high
82:water guns
74:projectile
63:naval guns
6656:Gunpowder
6446:Gun shops
6396:Forensics
6371:and
6317:Gun shows
6059:Frangible
6049:Expanding
6001:Gas check
5996:Flechette
5979:Cannelure
5904:Gunpowder
5861:Hang fire
5829:Firefight
5682:Lock time
5672:Headspace
5637:Bore axis
5522:Repeating
5472:Open bolt
5386:Magnifier
5272:Auto sear
5178:Wheellock
5173:Flintlock
5151:Half-cock
5106:Extractor
5007:Feed ramp
4937:Tommy Gun
4927:M1 Garand
4862:.410 bore
4826:Sawed-off
4801:Coach gun
4715:Repeating
4708:Polygonal
4632:Automatic
4615:Anti-tank
4500:Derringer
4390:Flare gun
3722:191565174
3679:112733319
3239:111173101
2820:Tran 2006
2808:Khan 2004
2756:143042353
2748:1527-8050
2627:Adle 2003
2427:: p. 178.
2408:Tran 2006
2384:Khan 2004
1645:Water gun
1588:Flare gun
1542:Field gun
1532:Carronade
1516:Artillery
1505:Chain gun
1277:Derringer
1126:Musketoon
1057:tank gun.
1026:gunpowder
1010:gunpowder
960:Maxim gun
942:In 1861,
922:gunpowder
894:In 1860,
872:In 1849,
867:cartridge
821:cartridge
811:In 1835,
806:flintlock
800:invented
796:In 1815,
718:musketeer
690:Mahapatih
686:Majapahit
678:Gunpowder
616:from the
580:black art
549:Silk Road
378:saltpeter
343:Gunpowder
320:Proto-gun
241:Gunnhildr
237:Old Norse
149:(as with
110:spearguns
80:(e.g. in
56:broadside
6641:Firearms
6607:Politics
6527:Gun laws
6458:Gunsmith
6346:Politics
6265:industry
6187:Caseless
5989:Snap cap
5882:Ignition
5873:Ricochet
5814:Dry fire
5790:Shooting
5717:Velocity
5583:Terminal
5578:External
5542:Slamfire
5527:Revolver
5442:Blowback
5309:Tapering
5284:Silencer
5247:Receiver
5185:Magazine
5141:Foregrip
5131:Freebore
5101:Cylinder
5059:Rotating
5022:Trunnion
4888:Historic
4779:Shotguns
4698:Marksman
4676:Elephant
4578:Starting
4537:Revolver
4505:Duelling
4495:Cane gun
4487:Handguns
4447:Riot gun
4415:Takedown
4400:Long gun
4385:Elephant
4289:glossary
4281:Firearms
3894:(1960),
3813:(1986),
3442:(2001),
3297:, Laurel
2769:Bak 1982
2677:44142632
2332:: 15–29.
2315:56194773
2307:26004330
1720:Stun gun
1669:See also
1640:Spud gun
1635:Prop gun
1620:Nerf gun
1593:Lyle gun
1576:Tank gun
1547:Howitzer
1537:Falconet
1374:Speargun
1324:revolver
1304:Revolver
1266:Handguns
1131:Wall gun
1111:Arquebus
1106:Long gun
1100:Military
1072:shotguns
726:arquebus
652:Zheng He
648:Javanese
640:Đại Việt
547:via the
499:huo tong
473:huo tong
408:and the
276:True gun
229:ballista
187:coilguns
179:railguns
155:air guns
151:firearms
6594: (
6561:License
6329:Hunting
6277:Society
6257:Society
6234:Wildcat
6229:Pinfire
6159:Spitzer
6089:Raufoss
6031:Bullets
6021:Wadding
5936:Cordite
5914:Rimfire
5844:Fouling
5824:Gunshot
5802:Gunshot
5642:Caliber
5625:Metrics
5556:Physics
5457:Boxlock
5430:Actions
5416:Zeroing
5411:Thermal
5369:Reticle
5339:Diopter
5314:Trigger
5161:Striker
5136:Forearm
5121:Fluting
5091:Chamber
5079:Tilting
5069:Flapper
5029:Bayonet
5017:Threads
4781: (
4703:Rifling
4691:Varmint
4681:Express
4671:Buffalo
4666:Hunting
4649:Carbine
4620:Assault
4595: (
4522:Machine
4442:Pen gun
4437:Net gun
4432:Needler
4424: (
4405:Carbine
4326:History
4309:Firearm
4283: (
4168:Castles
3881:Bibcode
3671:3105275
3516:: 41–45
3455:23 July
2864:website
1715:Railgun
1680:Firearm
1675:Coilgun
1610:Cap gun
1347:Air gun
1341:Hunting
1272:Handgun
1226:Shotgun
1199:Carbine
1089:Gyrojet
971:MP 18.1
734:muskets
702:cetbang
622:, 1606.
614:bayonet
599:cannons
537:handgun
511:Taiheki
456:radical
436:chongzu
423:prince
417:Jurchen
387:nitrate
305:History
185:(as in
177:(as in
118:caliber
98:bullets
86:cannons
37:SIG Pro
21:Firearm
6391:Deaths
6373:safety
6261:safety
6139:Meplat
6119:Tracer
5946:Ramrod
5899:Primer
5744:Recoil
5707:Energy
5702:Muzzle
5374:Reflex
5331:Sights
5279:Shroud
5262:Safety
5156:Linear
5146:Hammer
5074:Roller
5002:Barrel
4755:Medium
4720:Sniper
4661:Double
4637:Battle
4593:Rifles
4532:Pocket
4510:Pistol
4452:Rotary
4410:Musket
4341:Weapon
4331:Safety
4293:topics
4291:, and
4223:
4196:
4178:
4156:
4138:
4120:
4092:
4010:
3956:
3914:
3855:
3821:
3800:
3764:
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3093:
3037:
2754:
2746:
2675:
2547:
2358:
2313:
2305:
1552:Mortar
1527:Cannon
1352:BB gun
1282:Pistol
1121:Musket
1063:rifled
1045:Barrel
885:musket
848:rifled
846:While
827:Rifles
738:musket
720:(1608)
688:under
644:Champa
628:Joseon
619:Binglu
584:sulfur
576:Calais
564:Europe
545:Europe
539:, 1380
521:Spread
427:. The
421:Mongol
391:muzzle
382:bamboo
163:muzzle
123:cannon
106:Tasers
92:(e.g.
88:), or
78:liquid
6224:Paper
6182:Blank
6149:ABCBC
6134:Minié
6079:HEIAP
6064:Green
6016:Sabot
5749:Group
5657:Gauge
5492:Lever
5467:Break
5364:Laser
5349:Globe
5319:guard
5299:Stock
5294:Choke
4962:Glock
4957:M1911
4942:MP 40
4902:AR-15
4897:AK-47
4760:Heavy
4750:Light
4314:lists
3718:S2CID
3698:(PDF)
3675:S2CID
3667:JSTOR
3235:S2CID
2752:S2CID
2673:JSTOR
2311:S2CID
2303:JSTOR
1726:Notes
1157:Rifle
1095:Types
1076:gauge
1034:sound
997:StG44
632:Korea
592:flash
469:Chong
446:chong
425:Nayan
194:China
6592:Laws
6496:Arms
6451:list
6429:list
6269:laws
6217:list
6099:SLAP
6044:Cast
5792:and
5712:Rise
5507:Pump
5452:Bolt
5396:Tang
5359:Iron
5267:Sear
5200:Drum
5195:Clip
5168:Lock
5054:Bolt
5034:Belt
5012:Slug
4874:Slug
4869:Shot
4821:Riot
4783:list
4725:list
4686:Punt
4654:list
4642:list
4625:list
4597:list
4554:list
4542:list
4515:list
4426:list
4285:list
4221:ISBN
4194:ISBN
4176:ISBN
4154:ISBN
4136:ISBN
4118:ISBN
4090:ISBN
4008:ISBN
3954:ISBN
3912:ISBN
3853:ISBN
3819:ISBN
3798:ISBN
3762:ISBN
3637:ISBN
3610:ISBN
3592:ISBN
3573:ISBN
3537:ISBN
3495:ISBN
3457:2007
3381:ISBN
3351:ISBN
3318:ISBN
3272:ISBN
3251:ISBN
3225:ISBN
3194:ISBN
3165:ISBN
3137:ISBN
3118:ISBN
3091:ISBN
3035:ISBN
2744:ISSN
2545:ISBN
2356:ISBN
1570:Tank
1412:The
839:and
835:The
724:The
626:The
313:and
112:and
100:and
51:Iowa
49:USS
6164:VLD
6011:PCA
5257:Rim
4947:Uzi
4907:M16
4765:SAW
4336:War
4321:Gun
3710:doi
3659:doi
3217:doi
2736:doi
2295:doi
2263::58
2248::11
1417:MP5
515:pao
507:pao
491:pao
459:jin
221:gun
189:).
90:gas
70:gun
6637::
6263:,
6259:,
4287:,
4174:,
4170:,
4068:44
4058:44
3879:,
3716:.
3706:32
3704:.
3700:.
3673:,
3665:,
3655:29
3653:,
3514:30
3512:,
3478:.
3446:,
3349:,
3233:,
3223:,
3213:49
3211:,
3057:.
2989:^
2950:^
2935:^
2908:^
2859:.
2788:^
2750:.
2742:.
2732:25
2730:.
2669:52
2667:.
2452:.
2425:IV
2423:.
2309:.
2301:.
2289:.
2253:^
2238:^
2223:^
2160:^
2121:^
2092:^
2053:^
2038:^
1987:^
1948:^
1933:^
1918:^
1906:.
1883:^
1856:^
1828:^
1801:^
1786:^
1769:^
1754:^
914:.
869:.
744:A
638:,
594:.
478:火筒
441:銃卒
248:c.
126:.
108:,
68:A
6598:)
4785:)
4599:)
4428:)
4295:)
4273:e
4266:t
4259:v
4108:.
4080:.
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3883::
3871:.
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3712::
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2758:.
2738::
2679:.
2553:.
2463:.
2362:.
2317:.
2297::
2291:5
1893:.
464:金
461:(
451:銃
448:(
438:(
338:.
215:.
84:/
27:.
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