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1259:
1202:
19:
469:
outskirts of Guran territory. Meanwhile, the Kalhur of Zohab "became absorbed in the Guran mass" - they became known as Guran themselves, and they split into three tribes: Qal'eh-Zanjir, Kerend, and
Bevanij. The Bajilan were later removed from power in the early 1800s by Muhammad Ali Mirza, governor of
468:
According to
Minorsky, the Bajilan must have originally been a branch of the Guran who had settled in the Mosul region, and Murad was intending to "control the Guran through his own subjects" by putting the Bajilan in charge of them. The Bajilan founded a new capital for themselves at Zohab on the
718:
260:" is also associated with a river in the modern Guran territory. Minorsky hypothesized that the ancestors of the Guran may have migrated to the Zagros region under the Sasanians, who may have encouraged this as a way of securing the ties between Iran and Mesopotamia.
409:. In later centuries, Dartang would become known as one of the main centers of the Guran; this mid-14th century account is the earliest definite mention of them in connection with their historical homeland. Wherever
362:) under a single governor. The governor's deputy who directly oversaw the Guran was Abu'l-Faraj Bābūnī, who was himself related to the Guran. Later in 1046, when
397:'s description of the Kurdish tribes. He referred to them as "powerful and bellicose" and composed of "soldiers and peasants", and listed two places they lived:
154:
also came to mean "subjects" because
Zoroastrians formed a subject population. The word then went through another series of regular sound changes to become
732:
754:
442:. However, despite the important status he ascribed to the Guran, Sharaf Khan's references to them are relatively infrequent and somewhat muddled.
327:
and also adds that the Guran had been the closest to Badr of all his allied tribes before turning against him and killing him. Minorsky noted the
1300:
1243:
722:
564:
413:
was is unknown, although
Minorsky speculated that it could have referred to "the habitat of the more easterly branch of the Guran".
446:
140:
also exists; it refer to the social class of peasants. This word has a completely different origin and is derived from the word
1324:
1184:
747:
378:, Garshasp initially took refuge with the Guran. Inal is then described as attacking Gurani Kurds in the vicinity of
170:). As a result, there are many Kurds with the surname "Guran" or "Goran" that have no connection to the Guran tribe.
250:
554:
1319:
1293:
1236:
740:
214:. However, the Guranii may have been a different group than today's Guran, since the proposed original name
346:'s chronicles for the early 11th century indicate that at least some of the Guran were living in northern
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meaning "ox rider" or "bull rider". This name then through a series of regular sound changes:
102:
1270:
1213:
473:. At this point, the Guran of Qal'eh-Zanjir assumed leadership, with their main residence at
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770:
582:
Kurds, Turks, and Arabs: politics, travel, and research in northeastern Iraq, 1919-1925
537:
435:
263:
An early reference to the Guran may be in the works of the late 9th-century geographer
178:
Minorsky identified a possible ancient reference to the Guran in a passage written by
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438:, and Guran. He wrote that at his time, most of the Guran lived under the Kalhur and
310:, who they had been allied with during a winter campaign but grew disgruntled with.
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363:
246:
147:
54:
313:
A later description of these events, by the anonymous author of the 12th-century
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359:
279:
instead. Minorsky interpreted this variation as representing an underlying form
234:
226:
1179:
470:
375:
336:
230:
211:
203:
225:
According to
Minorsky, the origins of the Guran were likely somewhere in the
693:
Bulletin of the School of
Oriental and African Studies, University of London
387:
343:
284:
163:
283:, which he said referred to "the ancestors of the Guran". A century later,
18:
1258:
1201:
474:
454:
427:
383:
379:
347:
195:
517:
439:
371:
367:
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332:
187:
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179:
62:
462:
292:
257:
191:
50:
42:
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1209:
431:
402:
142:
736:
182:
that refers to a people called the "Guranii" (Greek: Γουράνιοι
556:
The
Kurdish National Movement: Its Origins and Development
218:
seems unlikely to have already changed to the modern form
358:
grouped the Guran together with
Saburkhwast (present-day
1274:
1217:
194:. This ethnic group may also be behind the name of the
306:. In 1014, members of the Guran killed the powerful
1157:
1129:
1046:
1028:
885:
777:
465:, who speak a dialect closely related to Gurani.
426:wrote that there were four branches of the Kurds:
298:The Guran appear frequently in the annals of the
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485:The Guran tribe consist of the following clans:
275:and the Kurds". Some manuscripts spell the name
229:provinces. For example, the 7th-century king of
609:
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601:
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45:tribe. One of their main historical centers is
57:enters into the Zohab plain. The other one is
1294:
1237:
748:
8:
335:, a weapon historically associated with the
53:, at the western end of the gorge where the
449:, the Kalhur were deposed as rulers of the
1301:
1287:
1244:
1230:
755:
741:
733:
105:reconstructed the original tribal name as
331:s detail that the Guran killed Badr with
393:Around 1343, the Guran are mentioned in
291:in his list of the Kurdish tribes of al-
17:
529:
150:. After the Islamic conquest, the term
7:
1255:
1253:
1198:
1196:
457:. Murad then gave the region to the
319:, consistently uses the modern name
249:estuary, where the medieval town of
237:, had a similarly derived name, and
38:
1273:. You can help Knowledge (XXG) by
1216:. You can help Knowledge (XXG) by
14:
22:A Gurani child in Kurdish costume
1257:
1200:
764:
416:In the introduction to his 1596
382:, prompting Garshasp to flee to
267:, who mentioned "the revenue of
422:, the famous Kurdish historian
49:, a region whose capital is at
287:also mentioned a tribe called
241:also mentioned a plain called
1:
553:Jwaideh, Wadie (2004-05-14).
453:region by the Ottoman sultan
162:, at which point it became a
85:, the usual pronunciation is
721:(in Persian). Archived from
350:. For example, in 1026, the
136:A separate word pronounced
1351:
1252:
1195:
584:. Oxford University Press.
206:) as well as the medieval
166:of the tribal name (then
542:. Encyclopaedia Iranica.
580:Edmonds, Cecil (1957).
339:of the Caspian region.
1325:Kurdish tribes of Iran
1269:-related article is a
1212:-related article is a
395:Shihab ad-Din al-Umari
109:, related to the word
93:, is preserved in the
23:
356:Ala al-Dawla Muhammad
97:version of the name,
21:
419:History of the Kurds
405:named Muhammad, and
186:) who lived "beyond
424:Sharaf Khan Bidlisi
302:under the spelling
300:Hasanwayhid dynasty
89:. An earlier form,
685:Minorsky, Vladimir
342:Several events in
316:Mujmal al-tavārīkh
308:Badr ibn Hasanwayh
271:together with the
239:Hamdallah Mustawfi
210:female given name
61:, located east of
24:
1282:
1281:
1225:
1224:
1193:
1192:
1158:Historical tribes
265:Ibn Khurradadhbih
103:Vladimir Minorsky
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559:. p. 307.
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483:
447:Henry Rawlinson
222:at that point.
176:
146:, referring to
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12:
11:
5:
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1320:Kurdish tribes
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771:Kurdish tribes
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725:on 2017-02-10.
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539:KURDISH TRIBES
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101:. Ultimately,
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566:9781850434160
562:
558:
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507:Ghale Zanjiri
506:
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494:
491:
488:
487:
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480:
478:
476:
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466:
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448:
445:According to
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36:
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28:
20:
16:
1275:expanding it
1264:
1218:expanding it
1207:
1020:Zarrin-Kafsh
924:
816:
723:the original
713:
701:. Retrieved
696:
692:
581:
575:
555:
548:
538:
532:
484:
467:
461:, from near
444:
417:
415:
410:
401:, led by an
398:
392:
364:Ibrahim Inal
341:
328:
324:
320:
314:
312:
303:
297:
288:
280:
276:
272:
262:
255:
253:was built.
224:
219:
215:
199:
190:", near the
183:
177:
167:
159:
155:
151:
148:Zoroastrians
141:
137:
135:
130:
126:
122:
118:
114:
110:
106:
98:
90:
86:
76:
55:Alwand River
30:
26:
25:
15:
900:Chalabianlu
699:(1): 75–103
689:"The Gūrān"
360:Khorramabad
323:instead of
235:Gil Gavbara
216:*Gāubārakān
115:*Gāubārakān
107:*Gāubārakān
1335:Iraq stubs
1330:Iran stubs
1314:Categories
1180:Shabankara
1175:Qaymariyya
1030:Azerbaijan
970:Malekshahi
935:Jahanbeglu
703:18 October
495:Tofanghchi
471:Kermanshah
376:Garshasp I
337:Daylamites
285:al-Mas'udi
256:The name "
251:Mahmudabad
231:Tabaristan
212:Gurandukht
204:Khosrow II
202:(a son of
200:Kūrān-Shāh
1165:Hadhabani
1038:Sheylanli
980:Mirawdale
955:Kordshuli
847:Mirawdale
504:Ghalkhani
492:Shwankare
388:Khuzestan
370:from the
366:captured
344:Ibn Athir
281:*Gābār.ka
245:near the
184:Gouránioi
164:homophone
158:and then
1121:Şêxbizin
1106:Parçikan
1010:Suramiri
945:Kakavand
867:Suramiri
862:Şêxbizin
837:Khoshnaw
822:Hamawand
687:(1943).
512:See also
489:Bivaniji
481:Subclans
475:Gahvareh
455:Murad IV
384:Hoveyzeh
380:Saymarah
348:Luristan
333:javelins
289:Jābār.qī
277:Kābār.ka
273:Jābār.qa
208:Georgian
196:Sasanian
123:*Gōrakān
119:Gāurakān
77:In both
69:valley.
1170:Mahmudi
1111:Pazooka
1101:Motikan
1081:Koçgiri
1071:Hesenan
1015:Zangana
1000:Sanjâbi
910:Donboli
905:Chegini
895:Bajalan
872:Zangana
857:Sanjâbi
802:Chegini
797:Barzani
792:Bajalan
524:Sources
518:Nirizhi
498:Kerendi
459:Bajilan
440:Ardalan
428:Kurmanj
407:Dartang
372:Kakuyid
368:Hamadan
352:Kakuyid
329:Mujmal'
325:Jūraqān
321:Gūrānān
304:Jūraqān
243:Gavbari
227:Caspian
198:prince
188:Armenia
174:History
156:*gaurān
111:gāubāra
95:Turkish
83:Kurdish
65:in the
47:Dartang
43:Kurdish
41:) is a
35:Kurdish
1149:Reşwan
1116:Reşwan
1076:Jalali
1061:Gewirk
1056:Çelebi
1048:Turkey
1005:Shekak
995:Reşwan
990:Pazuki
960:Kuruni
950:Kalhor
940:Jalali
920:Gewirk
852:Muzuri
842:Mangur
812:Gewirk
563:
501:Yasemi
436:Kalhur
269:Hulwan
180:Strabo
152:gabrān
143:gabrān
79:Gurani
67:Zimkan
63:Dalahu
59:Darneh
1265:This
1208:This
1185:Zilan
1144:Miran
1139:Milan
1131:Syria
1096:Modan
1091:Miran
1086:Milan
1066:Herki
985:Modan
975:Milan
925:Guran
915:Feyli
827:Herki
817:Guran
807:Feyli
787:Balak
463:Mosul
451:Zohab
411:Rāwst
399:Rāwst
374:emir
354:emir
293:Jibal
258:Gilan
220:Gūrān
192:Medes
168:Gōrān
160:gōrān
138:Gūrān
131:Gūrān
129:>
127:Gōrān
125:>
121:>
117:>
99:Göran
91:Gōrān
87:Gūrān
51:Rijab
39:گوران
31:Goran
27:Guran
1271:stub
1267:Iraq
1214:stub
1210:Iran
930:Jaff
887:Iran
832:Jaff
779:Iraq
705:2022
561:ISBN
403:amir
81:and
73:Name
29:(or
965:Lak
877:Zil
719:"?"
432:Lur
386:in
247:Kur
133:.
1316::
697:11
695:.
691:.
590:^
477:.
434:,
430:,
390:.
295:.
233:,
37::
33:;
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1277:.
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1220:.
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707:.
569:.
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