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accordance with a fully balanced ideal comprising the five Bratas or ultimate ideals which are of universal application, and adopting a course for their pursuit for the integration of the culture of the body and the soul, and of the thought, speech, and behaviour; ii) the pursuit of rhythmic discipline for bringing about unification, harmony and joy as well as inner transformation; and iii) bringing men and women of every country in touch with the regional culture of their own soil and with the arts and crafts, dances and songs, and customs and manners of their own region, thus providing a natural cultural medium for their healthy all-round growth. By this threefold sadhana (devotion), the
Bratachari system seeks to enable men and women in each land to become, simultaneously, truly national and truly international.
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616:, vow) was a movement for spiritual and social improvement. The movement aimed at creating a sense of world citizenship as well as national awareness among people, irrespective of caste, religion, sex and age. The movement aimed to nurture the mind and the body and to encourage people to work for national and individual improvement through encouraging traditional and folk culture, especially folk dance and folk song. The
640:. They aimed at developing the mind and body through dance as well as by undertaking to perform good deeds. The Bratachari movement did not catch on all over India and slowly died away after the death of its founder. In 2011, the Mamata Banerjee Government again made Bratachari education compulsory in Primary schools in West Bengal, after the Marxist Communist Government withdrew it from the School curriculum in 1984.
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283:) examination in 1905. In the first part of the examination he stood seventh and in the second part he stood first. Overall he stood first in the examination in that year. He was the first Indian to have stood first in the Open Competitive Service examination. He also passed the Bar examination with a First Class, and was called to the Bar by the Honourable Society of
900:, was an eminent social worker, and was the World President of the Associated Countrywomen of the World for two terms and President of the Saroj Nalini Dutt Memorial Association, Calcutta. His grandson is Devsaday Dutt, FCA (England & Wales)and his great-grandsons are Rajsaday Dutt FCA, MBA (Darden School) and Shivsaday Dutt MBA (Kelley School).
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In 1918, Gurusaday started the first Rural
Reconstruction Movement in India in Birbhum. He then extended the movement to several districts where he was subsequently posted, like Bankura, Howrah and Mymensingh. This movement was bold and unique, as India was under British Rule at the time. In fact, he
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His fearless independence and indomitable spirit of nationalism brought him into conflict with the
British Government on more than one occasion. In 1928, at Howrah, in connection with the Bamangachi Firing case, he condemned the firing on a crowd of protesters by the police led by a British officer.
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From his youth, Gurusaday started to take active interest in social service and participated in helping fire-fighters and assisting in relief work during floods and other natural disasters. He was one of the social reformers of the first half of the nineteenth century who thought independently about
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Gurusaday Dutt wrote many books and articles, which are listed below. The latest book to be published is "Banglar
Lokashilpa o Lokanritya" (in Bengali), which is a collection of his essays and articles on Folk Art and Folk Dances of Bengal in various magazines between 1928 and 1941(his death), that
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Gurusaday Dutt did extensive research in the field of Folk art, crafts and folk dances of Bengal. He collected objects of folk art and crafts from the countryside. He had great compassion for the artists and craftsmen who created unique art objects without any training or technical knowledge. Folk
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Gurusaday Dutt was mostly known for his interest and contributions to Bengal's folk art, folk dance and folk music. He spent a lifetime collecting and studying art objects and handiwork from the remotest corners of undivided rural Bengal collecting items of folk art such as
Kalighat paintings,
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folk dance, a martial dance of un-divided Bengal, in
Birbhum. He studied the origins of the dance and discovered its rich cultural past and its connection with the army of Raja Man Singh of Rajasthan. Subsequently, he also revived the Kaathi, Dhamail, Baul, Jhumur, Brata and Dhali dances from
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In its aim to re-establish life on its fundamental unity, while preserving the inherent values of the individual and regional diversities, the
Bratachari movement relies on a system of simultaneous physical, moral and spiritual culture with the threefold objectives of i) shaping of life in
426:, by manually working with a group of followers to eradicate the water hyacinth, a plant that covers ponds and makes water unusable. He would also re-excavate silted irrigation canals with a band of workers. In those days, it was unthinkable for a Magistrate to work manually with
547:, terracotta panels, stone sculptures, wooden carvings, dolls and toys, moulds used for making patterns on sweets or mango-paste etc. Gurusaday Dutt also wrote extensively on folk culture. Rabindranath Tagore and C.F. Andrews wrote in the foreword of the biography of his wife,
498:, who revived Morris dancing in England, when he visited London. He also attended All-England Folk Dance & Folk Song Festival. This inspired him to set up the Bangiya Palli Sampad Raksha Samiti (translated as Cultural Heritage Protection Society of Bengal) on his return.
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in the
British Government, had to answer angry questions. British Parliamentarians wanted Dutt, referred to as this Indian officer, punished for having the audacity to question a British officer’s action. As a punitive measure he was transferred out of Howrah to Mymensingh.
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A Medal in his honour, known as "The
Gurusaday Dutt Medal" along with a Cash prize, was endowed by his grandson, Devsaday Dutt, at the University of Calcutta, which is given to the student who stands First in the Post-Graduate Examination in Geography, from 2008 onwards.
386:. He was District Magistrate, Mymensingh, Director, Industries and Secretary, Local Self Government and Public Health. He was also the Government Chief Whip in the Bengal Legislative Council. From 1930 to 1933, he was a nominated Member of the Council of State and of the
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Memorial
Association, in February 1925, as a Central Training Institute for training crafts and basic education to provide livelihood to women who had been deprived from receiving formal education in early life and lived at the mercy of relatives. He thought of
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were painstakingly obtained from the old magazines at Bangiya Sahitya Parishad's library by his grandson Devsaday Dutt and granddaughter-in-law Priyadarshini Dutt. The book has been published by Subhromani De and Subhadra De of Chhatim Books in 2008.
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of life which, alike in the individual, the national and the international sphere has been so grievously shattered in the modern world in every country by the fragmentary outlook on, and treatment of, life in education, science, work, play and social
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He repaid the scholarship money to Sylhet Union after working for a few years, so that the Union could help another student from the same district with that money. In 1905, he returned to India and started work as an ICS officer.
452:(veil), and would not dare to come out in the world to create a future for themselves. This organisation became the apex organisation for Mahila Samitis (Women's Institutes) in Eastern India, and was later affiliated to the
415:, who became an eminent Social Worker in her own right, was inspired by Gurusaday to start Mahila Samitis (Women's Institutes) as early as 1913, at Pabna district in British India, where he was then the District Magistrate.
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He served with distinction in the Bengal cadre, which in 1905 included the present day Bangladesh and the Indian states of West Bengal, Bihar and Orissa in India. He served in various capacities in the districts of
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His stay in Mymensingh was also cut short when he failed to give orders as required by him by the British Indian Government to deal with protesters against The Salt Act imposed by the Government.
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art was neglected and not appreciated in those days. He wrote in different journals about the wealth and beauty of folk art and left his collection on his death to The Bengal Bratachari Society.
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He completed his Entrance (School Leaving) examination at Government College, Sylhet where he stood first in 1898. He stood second in the F.A. examination (prior to Graduate studies) from
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various avenues of service to the rural poor. He realised that in order to establish any progressive idea on firm foundation it was necessary to educate women and make them self-reliant.
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was advised by his senior officer that he should spend time in the Club socialising with other officers rather than pursuing activities to promote rural development and social welfare.
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He died at the age of 59 of cancer. After he died, his son, Birendrasaday Dutt, took the initiative in renaming Ballygunge Store Road, where he had built himself a house, after him.
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against this Act. He was transferred to Birbhum by telegram (then the fastest means of communication), which was an unprecedented way of dealing with an ICS officer in those days.
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dance, being inspired by the secular nature of the dance and its spirit of unifying both Hindus and Muslims, at a time when communal tensions were running high.
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Gurusaday Dutt Scholarships are also being awarded by the Sylhet Union(Srihatta Sammilani), Kolkata for brilliant students pursuing post-graduate studies.
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He headed the Indian delegation as a representative of the British Indian Government at a meeting of the Agricultural Institute at Rome in 1924.
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Biographies have been written on his life and works in Bangladesh by Shankar Prasad De, Amitabha Chowdhury, Shaikat Azgar and Naresh Banerjee.
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In 1941 he also set up the Bratachari village(Bratacharigram) near Calcutta, and the Bratachari Janashiksha Pratishthan. The
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In 1934, the Bangiya Palli Sampad Raksha Samiti was renamed as The Bengal Bratachari Society. In 1936, he started a magazine
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many years before it was officially started. His pioneering work was started when most women in India were still behind the
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In 1922, he started a Society for co-operative irrigation in Bankura, which he later extended to Mymensingh and Birbhum.
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Gurusaday was the son of the Ramkrishna Dutta Chaudhuri and Anandamayee Debi. His father was a son of the
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Tapati Das Gupta, Social Thought of Rabindranath Tagore: A Historical Analysis, (Calcutta, 1993), p. 138
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the Movement is to bring back to humanity, in all countries, the ideal and practice of the
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551:, which he wrote. Gurusaday Dutt also wrote a good deal about the Bratachari movement.
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It was at Mymensingh that he started a Folk Dance Revival Society. He revived the
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in 1901 and was awarded the Scindia Gold Medal. Despite objection from his
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Statue of Gurusaday Dutt in front of Gurusaday Museum, Kolkata, India.
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district, in eastern Bengal. Members of his family were followers of
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He was the first amongst civilian officers to set an example of the
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His articles initially published in the 1930s in journals such as
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He removed Chaudhuri from his surname while he was at Cambridge.
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In 1932, he started the Bratachari movement. In his words in
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Social Thought of Rabindranath Tagore: A Historical Analysis
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Agricultural Organisation and Rural Reconstruction in Bengal
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Indian writer, folk literature researcher and civil servant
884:(in Bengali), have been republished in a book entitled
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that dealt with agrarian and rural matters of concern.
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Members of the Central Legislative Assembly of India
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Mymensingh Folk Dance and Folk Music Society (1929)
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49:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
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109:Learn how and when to remove this message
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956:. Abhinav Publications. pp. 138–.
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791:(in Bengali)
789:Gaaner Saaji
788:
785:(in Bengali)
782:
779:(in Bengali)
776:
773:(in Bengali)
770:
766:Saroj Nalini
765:
762:(in Bengali)
759:
756:(in Bengali)
754:Goraey Golod
753:
747:
741:
735:
729:
723:
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648:Publications
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514:functioning.
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465:Bangalakshmi
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273:jyathamashai
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178:25 June 1941
120:
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53:
41:Please help
36:verification
33:
1031:1941 deaths
1026:1882 births
618:bratacharis
496:Cecil Sharp
472:Gramer Daak
258:Vaishnavism
148:10 May 1882
1020:Categories
926:References
898:Aroti Dutt
682:Ganer Saji
582:satyagraha
578:M.K.Gandhi
380:Mymensingh
285:Gray's Inn
232:Bratachari
182:1941-06-26
152:1882-05-10
69:newspapers
622:knowledge
511:wholeness
160:Karimganj
158:Birasri,
1002:Archived
904:See also
870:Prabashi
487:Raibeshe
430:people.
384:Calcutta
348:Faridpur
315:Calcutta
246:zamindar
234:Movement
217:Children
212:(nee Dé)
190:Calcutta
969:11 July
568:, then
545:kanthas
541:patuas'
372:Bankura
368:Birbhum
360:Barisal
352:Comilla
344:Jessore
332:Hooghly
250:Birasri
192:, India
180: (
150: (
83:scholar
960:
892:Family
744:(1995)
738:(1990)
726:(1954)
720:(1942)
714:(1941)
678:(1919)
672:(1925)
626:labour
450:purdah
428:common
376:Howrah
364:Khulna
321:Career
254:Sylhet
206:Spouse
85:
78:
71:
64:
56:
882:Aloka
634:unity
630:truth
614:vrata
479:Jaari
356:Dacca
340:Bogra
336:Pabna
328:Arrah
90:JSTOR
76:books
971:2012
958:ISBN
880:and
636:and
564:and
378:and
311:Joka
175:Died
145:Born
62:news
638:joy
394:).
309:in
281:ICS
248:of
45:by
1022::
876:,
872:,
632:,
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39:.
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