541:, on the side of the clergy, and Warwick, Lincoln and Lancaster among the earls. Henry de Lacy, Earl of Lincoln, was the most experienced of the earls, and took on a modifying role in the group. Thomas of Lancaster, who was Lincoln's son-in-law and heir, was the king's cousin and the wealthiest nobleman in the realm, but at this point he took a less active part in the reform movement. Warwick is described by some sources as the leader of the Ordainers; he was certainly the most aggressive. The set of Ordinances they drafted put heavy restrictions on the king's financial freedom, and his right to appoint his own ministers. It also—once more—ordered Gaveston to be exiled, to return only at the risk of
51:
276:
505:. Warwick was the only one of the leading earls who did not seal the charter, and from the start took on an antagonistic attitude to Edward II. Gaveston was a relative upstart in the English aristocracy, and made himself unpopular among the established nobility by his arrogance and his undue influence on the king. He gave mocking nicknames to the leading men of the realm, and called Warwick the "Black Dog of Arden".
509:
618:
179:
600:
Edward in the political conflict. The king himself swore vengeance on his enemies, but found himself unable to move against them immediately, partly because they were in possession of a number of highly valuable royal jewels taken from
Gaveston. A settlement was reached in October, whereby the rebellious barons and their
260:
673:
Guy de
Beauchamp is probably best remembered for his opposition to King Edward II, and for his part in the death of Gaveston. To contemporaries, however, he was considered a man of considerable learning and wisdom. His library, of which he donated 42 books to Bordesley Abbey during his lifetime, was
553:
Gaveston's third and final exile was of even shorter duration, and after two months, he was reunited with King Edward II in
England. Archbishop Winchelsey responded by excommunicating Gaveston, as the Ordinances had stipulated. Lancaster, who had by this time succeeded his father-in-law Lincoln, had
525:
region up to devastating raids from the Scots. This affected
Warwick greatly, with his extensive landed interest in the north. Tensions grew to the point where the king in 1310 had to ban Warwick and others from arriving at parliament in arms. They still did, and at the parliament of March 1310, the
599:
The brutality and questionable legality of the earls' actions helped win political sympathy for the king. Pembroke was particularly offended, as he had been made to break his promise of safety to
Gaveston, and his chivalric honour had been damaged. From this point on Pembroke sided firmly with King
520:
Gaveston was once more forced into exile, but Edward recalled him in less than a year. The king had spent the intervening time gathering support, and at the time, the only one to resist the return of
Gaveston was Warwick. With time, however, opposition to the king grew. Another source of contention
604:
received a pardon. The king nevertheless emerged strengthened from the events, while
Warwick and Lancaster were largely marginalised. This all changed in 1314, when the king decided to stage his first major campaign against the Scots. Warwick and Lancaster refused to participate and the campaign
246:
Guy de
Beauchamp is today remembered primarily for his part in the killing of Gaveston, but by his contemporaries he was considered a man of exceptionally good judgement and learning. He owned what was for his time a large collection of books, and his advice was often sought by many of the other
690:. As mentioned, Edward I entrusted the supervision of his son to Warwick. Likewise, when the earl of Lincoln died in 1311, he supposedly instructed his son-in-law Thomas of Lancaster to heed the advice of Warwick, "the wisest of the peers". Chronicles also praised Warwick's wisdom; the
704:
Warwick's death came at an inconvenient time and Thomas of
Lancaster proved unequal to the task of governing the nation, so that further years of conflict and instability followed. Nevertheless, the problems of Edward II's reign were deep, and in the words of
581:. Here, in the presence of Warwick, Lancaster and other magnates, Gaveston was sentenced to death at an improvised court. On 19 June he was taken to a place called Blacklow Hill—on Lancaster's lands—and decapitated. According to the
700:
called
Warwick "a discriminating and highly literate man, the wisdom of whom shone forth through the whole kingdom". He was politically and economically well connected by traditional ties of kinship and marriage.
642:, an establishment to which his family had been benefactors. In value, his possessions were second only to those of the earl of Lancaster among the nobility of England. His lands, though primarily centred on
587:
chronicle, four shoemakers brought the corpse back to Warwick, but he refused to accept it, and ordered them to take it back to where they found it. Gaveston's body was eventually taken to Oxford by some
629:
In mid-July Warwick had to withdraw from government to his estates on account of illness. When he died on 12 August 1315, political leadership was soon left almost entirely to Lancaster. The chronicler
239:, had him executed. The act garnered sympathy and support for the king, but Warwick and Lancaster nevertheless managed to negotiate a royal pardon for their actions. After the disastrous defeat at the
659:
658:. In the meanwhile Warwick's possessions went into the hands of the king, who donated Warwick's hunting dogs to the earl of Pembroke. A younger son, named John, also became a peer, as
654:. His heir was his eldest son, whom he had named Thomas after the earl of Lancaster. Thomas, born probably on 14 February 1314, did not succeed to his father's title until 1326, as
224:. After the succession of Edward II in 1307, however, he soon fell out with the new king and the king's favourite, Piers Gaveston. Warwick was one of the main architects behind the
243:
in 1314, King Edward's authority was once more weakened, and the rebellious barons took over control of government. For Warwick the triumph was brief; he died the next year.
696:
says that "Other earls did many things only after taking his opinion: in wisdom and council he had no peer". Later historians have reflected this view; in the 19th century,
406:
a year. At this point his father was already dead, but it was not until 5 September that Guy did homage to the king for his lands, and became Earl of Warwick and hereditary
389:
Lucia de Beauchamp (also known as Lucy); married Robert de Napton, Knt., the son of Sir Adam Napton. Lucia and Sir Robert had a son Adam Napton, who married Margaret Helier.
501:, and Warwick was among those charged with preventing Gaveston's return. The new king, however, not only recalled his favourite, but soon also gave him the title of
345:
144:
609:
on 24 June. This led to another political reversal and Edward was forced to reconfirm the Ordinances, and submit to the leadership of the rebellious barons.
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248:
209:
160:
139:
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330:
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563:
232:
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311:
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earls. Next to Lancaster, he was the wealthiest peer in the nation, and after his death his lands and title were inherited by his son,
482:
1497:
1316:
1271:
1219:
1138:
1110:
1082:
1039:
753:
318:. In 1271 or 1272 his first son was born, and in reference to the new family title, William named his son after the legendary hero
271:
their own arms with those of Newburgh, on occasion placing the latter in the 1st & 4th quarters, positions of greatest honour.
780:
423:
267:. The arms shown are those of Newburgh, the family of his predecessors the Beaumont Earls of Warwick. The Beauchamps frequently
960:
A History of the County of Warwick: Volume 6, Knightlow Hundred. Originally published by Victoria County History, London, 1951
407:
322:. William de Beauchamp was a capable military commander, who played an important part in the Welsh and Scottish wars of King
478:
299:
236:
360:
Maud de Beauchamp (died 1366), married before Easter term 1332 Geoffrey de Say, 2nd Lord Say, by whom she had issue. The
808:
679:
415:
949:
Americans of Royal Descent: Collection of Genealogies Showing the Lineal Descent from Kings of Some American Families
411:
349:
1631:
1398:
Roberts, R. A., ed. (1929). "Edward II, the lords ordainers, and Piers Gaveston's jewels and horses, 1312–1313".
737:
706:
447:
231:
When Gaveston returned to England in 1312—contrary to the rulings of the Ordinances—he was taken into custody by
333:, was contemplated, or possibly even took place and then annulled. It was not until early 1309 that Guy married
538:
217:
461:
Early in 1307, Edward I made his last grant to Warwick, when he gave him John Balliol's forfeited lordship of
458:. In March 1307 he made preparations to accompany Prince Edward to France, but this journey never took place.
1485:
264:
774:
583:
1601:
606:
522:
410:
for life. He continued in the king's service in Scotland and elsewhere. In 1299 he helped negotiate the
268:
240:
61:
663:
398:
Edward I knighted Guy de Beauchamp at Easter 1296. Warwick's career of public service started with the
341:
heiress. By this time Guy had already succeeded as Earl of Warwick, after his father's death in 1298.
1606:
916:
692:
451:
307:
303:
50:
683:
667:
427:
371:, by whom she had two sons, William Astley, 4th Lord Astley and Sir Thomas Astley, ancestor of the
368:
361:
275:
1557:
1281:
559:
527:
431:
419:
225:
1211:
1205:
1074:
1068:
353:
1489:
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1312:
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1225:
1215:
1201:
1144:
1134:
1106:
1078:
1064:
1035:
1027:
749:
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534:
442:, and also participated in negotiations with the French over the release of the Scottish king
399:
295:
1309:
Piers Gaveston, Earl of Cornwall, 1307–1312: Politics and Patronage in the Reign of Edward II
709:: "one must doubt whether even Warwick could have brought unity as one chronicler supposed".
893:
845:
816:
502:
402:
in 1298. Here he distinguished himself, and received a reward of Scottish lands worth 1,000
344:
By his wife, Alice, Guy had two daughters and two sons—Thomas, his heir and successor, and
1573:
1293:
979:
769:
635:
589:
542:
455:
403:
372:
315:
213:
94:
42:
917:
The Complete Peerage of England, Scotland, Ireland, Great Britain and the United Kingdom
1471:
1014:
911:
773:
742:
697:
647:
639:
578:
558:, a number of the barons set out in pursuit of Gaveston. Gaveston ensconced himself at
470:
462:
334:
319:
205:
112:
56:
1311:. Detroit; London: Wayne State University Press; Harvester-Wheatsheaf. pp. 92–3.
1595:
651:
593:
466:
338:
291:
170:
1126:
1098:
888:
Hamilton, J. S. (2004). "Beauchamp, Guy de, tenth earl of Warwick (c. 1272–1315)".
795:
643:
622:
443:
435:
577:. On 10 June, while Pembroke was away, Warwick forcibly carried away Gaveston to
687:
675:
574:
521:
was Edward abandoning his father's Scottish campaigns, a policy that opened the
508:
279:
Arms of Newburgh Earls of Warwick, adopted c. 1200 at start of age of heraldry:
17:
849:
820:
314:, and when his uncle died without issue in 1268, he became the first Beauchamp
897:
837:
748:. Who's Who in British History Series. Vol. 3. London: Shepheard-Walwyn.
570:
554:
taken over leadership of the baronial opposition. While the King departed for
474:
1229:
1148:
920:. Vol. xii (New ed.). London: The St. Catherine Press. p. 774.
840:(2004). "Beauchamp, William (IV) de, ninth earl of Warwick (c. 1238–1298)".
526:
king was forced to accept the appointment of a commission to draft a set of
513:
486:
201:
379:
By an unknown mistress (or mistresses), Earl Guy also had three daughters:
634:
reported rumours that the king had had Warwick poisoned. He was buried at
367:
Elizabeth de Beauchamp (c. 1316 – 1359), married before Easter term 1332
323:
221:
228:, that limited the powers of the king and banished Gaveston into exile.
601:
197:
617:
178:
1481:
497:
Before his death, the old king had exiled Prince Edward's favourite
216:, and succeeded his father in 1298. He distinguished himself at the
1034:(updated ed.). New Haven: Yale University Press. p. 495.
969:
Magna Charta Barons and Their Descendants By Charles Henry Browning
263:
Seal of Guy de Beauchamp, 10th Earl of Warwick, as appended to the
616:
507:
177:
1477:
Thomas of Lancaster, 1307–1322: A Study in the Reign of Edward II
938:(Second ed.). London: Royal Historical Society. p. 453.
794:
Arms of "Thomas, Earl of Warwick" stated in several 13th-century
650:, were spread over nineteen counties as well as Scotland and the
555:
259:
220:
and subsequently, as a capable servant of the crown under King
348:, Lord Beauchamp KG (1315 – 2 December 1360), who carried the
1073:(updated ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press. p.
485:, he carried the ceremonial swords at the coronation of King
477:, Warwick was present when King Edward died. Together with
662:. Like his elder brother, he distinguished himself in the
592:
friars, and in 1315, King Edward finally had it buried at
1010:
1008:
426:
at Canterbury, and in 1300 he took part in the Siege of
329:
A marriage between Guy and Isabel de Clare, daughter of
302:
and a member of the council of fifteen that imposed the
55:
Guy de Beauchamp standing over the decapitated body of
1266:. London: Eyre & Spottiswoode. pp. 527–539.
422:
and he was also present at the king's own wedding to
533:
The leaders of these so-called Lords Ordainers were
166:
156:
121:
102:
89:
81:
70:
34:
741:
430:. The next year he was a signatory to a letter to
1105:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 2–4.
386:Emma de Beauchamp; married Roland de Oddingseles.
566:, as long as his security would be guaranteed.
562:, and on 19 May 1312, agreed on a surrender to
286:Guy de Beauchamp was the first son and heir of
235:. Warwick abducted Gaveston and, together with
1366:
1364:
1187:
1185:
1133:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 9.
744:Who's Who in Late Medieval England (1272–1485)
811:(2004). "John fitz Geoffrey (c. 1206–1258)".
605:ended in a humiliating English defeat at the
383:Isabel de Beauchamp; married John de Clinton.
200:, and one of the principal opponents of King
184:Gules, a fesse between six cross crosslets or
8:
1070:Aymer de Valence, Earl of Pembroke 1307–1324
1264:English Historical Documents III, 1189–1327
1260:The text of the Ordinances can be found in
1210:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p.
512:Warwick was in constant opposition to King
1553:
994:
992:
990:
988:
49:
31:
656:Thomas de Beauchamp, 11th Earl of Warwick
288:William de Beauchamp, 9th Earl of Warwick
249:Thomas de Beauchamp, 11th Earl of Warwick
161:William de Beauchamp, 9th Earl of Warwick
140:Thomas de Beauchamp, 11th Earl of Warwick
832:
830:
530:towards reform of the royal government.
274:
258:
1406:. London: Royal Historical Society: 26.
978:The antiquities of Warwickshire By Sir
890:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
842:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
813:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
718:
1289:
1279:
883:
881:
879:
660:John de Beauchamp, 1st Baron Beauchamp
331:Gilbert de Clare, 6th Earl of Hertford
290:(c. 1238 – 1298). His mother was
233:Aymer de Valence, 2nd Earl of Pembroke
196:1272 – 12 August 1315) was an English
190:Guy de Beauchamp, 10th Earl of Warwick
145:John de Beauchamp, 1st Baron Beauchamp
126:
929:
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875:
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871:
869:
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865:
863:
861:
859:
732:
730:
728:
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724:
722:
7:
281:Checky azure and or a chevron ermine
1179:Maddicott (1970), pp. 72, 111, 325.
892:. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
844:. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
815:. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
666:, and was a founding member of the
312:William Maudit, 8th Earl of Warwick
564:Aymer de Valence, Earl of Pembroke
373:Astleys of Patshull and of Everley
25:
1131:The Fourteenth Century: 1307–1399
1103:The Fourteenth Century: 1307–1399
1622:Earls of Warwick (1088 creation)
781:Dictionary of National Biography
674:extensive. It contained several
569:Pembroke lodged his prisoner in
1627:High sheriffs of Worcestershire
613:Death and historical assessment
1251:Maddicott (1970), pp. 9, 84–7.
1207:Plantagenet England: 1225–1360
936:Handbook of British Chronology
798:, incl. Collins' Roll, c. 1296
483:Henry de Lacy, Earl of Lincoln
408:High Sheriff of Worcestershire
369:Thomas Astley, 3rd Lord Astley
1:
1617:14th-century English nobility
1612:13th-century English nobility
237:Thomas, 2nd Earl of Lancaster
193:
74:
1170:Maddicott (1970), pp. 108–9.
469:. On 7 July that year, near
310:. William was the nephew of
1434:Maddicott (1970), p. 158–9.
1262:Rothwell, H. (ed.) (1975).
784:. Vol. 04. p. 28.
416:Prince Edward of Caernarfon
1648:
1388:Phillips (1972), pp. 36–7.
1379:McKisack (1959), pp. 28–9.
1580:
1571:
1563:
1556:
1547:Maddicott (1970), p. 115.
1461:Maddicott (1970), p. 170.
1443:Prestwich (2005), p. 190.
1416:Maddicott (1970), 130–54.
1340:Maddicott (1970), p. 119.
951:by Charles Henry Browning
775:"Beauchamp, Guy de"
516:. Great seal of Edward II
479:Thomas, Earl of Lancaster
48:
41:
1307:Hamilton, J. S. (1988).
1161:Maddicott (1970), p. 90.
1054:Prestwich (1997), p. 24.
539:Archbishop of Canterbury
446:. He was present at the
59:. From the 15th-century
1525:Phillips (1972), p. 94.
1486:Oxford University Press
1452:Phillips (1972), p. 92.
1425:McKisack (1959), p. 30.
1370:Hamilton (1988), p. 99.
1358:Hamilton (1988), p. 97.
1349:Hamilton (1988), p. 96.
1331:Hamilton (1988), p. 94.
1191:McKisack (1959), p. 10.
625:of the Beauchamp family
493:Conflict with Edward II
450:in 1304, serving under
418:to the French princess
27:Mediaeval English noble
1242:Phillips (1972), p. 9.
850:10.1093/ref:odnb/47242
821:10.1093/ref:odnb/38271
626:
517:
438:'s authority over the
364:are their descendants.
283:
272:
212:, the first Beauchamp
186:
149:Elizabeth de Beauchamp
109:Isabel de Clare ?
934:Fryde, E. B. (1961).
898:10.1093/ref:odnb/1835
620:
607:Battle of Bannockburn
548:
511:
489:on 25 February 1308.
278:
262:
241:Battle of Bannockburn
208:. Guy was the son of
181:
1567:William de Beauchamp
693:Vita Edwardi Secundi
584:Annales Londonienses
362:Barons Saye and Sele
304:Provisions of Oxford
300:Justiciar of Ireland
265:Barons' Letter, 1301
210:William de Beauchamp
1584:Thomas de Beauchamp
1534:Cokayne (1910–59),
1512:Cokayne (1910–59),
998:Cokayne (1910–59),
668:Order of the Garter
428:Caerlaverock Castle
412:Treaty of Montreuil
394:Service to Edward I
204:and his favourite,
182:Arms of Beauchamp:
1558:Peerage of England
1292:has generic name (
1028:Prestwich, Michael
627:
560:Scarborough Castle
518:
424:Margaret of France
284:
273:
226:Ordinances of 1311
187:
1590:
1589:
1581:Succeeded by
1400:Camden Miscellany
632:Thomas Walsingham
535:Robert Winchelsey
448:Siege of Stirling
440:Scottish question
346:John de Beauchamp
296:John Fitzgeoffrey
255:Family background
218:Battle of Falkirk
176:
175:
136:Maud de Beauchamp
16:(Redirected from
1639:
1632:Beauchamp family
1564:Preceded by
1554:
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1472:Maddicott, J. R.
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805:
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770:Round, J. Horace
766:
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747:
734:
549:Gaveston's death
503:earl of Cornwall
400:Falkirk campaign
195:
130:
98:
97:, Worcestershire
76:
53:
36:Guy de Beauchamp
32:
21:
18:Guy de Beauchamp
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636:Bordesley Abbey
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551:
543:excommunication
495:
456:Prince of Wales
396:
354:Battle of Crécy
316:earl of Warwick
257:
214:earl of Warwick
152:
124:
123:
117:
95:Bordesley Abbey
93:
66:
43:Earl of Warwick
37:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
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1090:
1083:
1056:
1047:
1040:
1019:
1017:(1970), p. 69.
1004:
984:
971:
962:
953:
941:
923:
903:
855:
826:
800:
787:
761:
754:
738:Hicks, Michael
717:
716:
714:
711:
698:William Stubbs
648:Worcestershire
640:Worcestershire
614:
611:
579:Warwick Castle
550:
547:
499:Piers Gaveston
494:
491:
471:Burgh by Sands
463:Barnard Castle
395:
392:
391:
390:
387:
384:
377:
376:
365:
350:royal standard
335:Alice de Toeni
320:Guy of Warwick
294:, daughter of
256:
253:
206:Piers Gaveston
174:
173:
168:
164:
163:
158:
154:
153:
151:
150:
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142:
137:
133:
131:
119:
118:
116:
115:
113:Alice de Toeni
110:
106:
104:
100:
99:
91:
87:
86:
85:12 August 1315
83:
79:
78:
72:
68:
67:
57:Piers Gaveston
54:
46:
45:
39:
38:
35:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1644:
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1625:
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1499:0-19-821837-0
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1318:0-8143-2008-2
1314:
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1303:
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1295:
1283:
1275:
1273:0-413-23310-3
1269:
1265:
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1236:
1231:
1227:
1223:
1221:0-19-822844-9
1217:
1213:
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1203:
1197:
1194:
1188:
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1182:
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1158:
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1146:
1142:
1140:0-19-821712-9
1136:
1132:
1128:
1127:McKisack, May
1122:
1119:
1114:
1112:0-19-821712-9
1108:
1104:
1100:
1099:McKisack, May
1094:
1091:
1086:
1084:0-19-822359-5
1080:
1076:
1072:
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1066:
1060:
1057:
1051:
1048:
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1041:0-300-07209-0
1037:
1033:
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1023:
1020:
1016:
1011:
1009:
1005:
1001:
995:
993:
991:
989:
985:
981:
975:
972:
966:
963:
957:
954:
950:
945:
942:
937:
930:
928:
924:
919:
918:
914:(1910–1959).
913:
907:
904:
899:
895:
891:
884:
882:
880:
878:
876:
874:
872:
870:
868:
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843:
839:
833:
831:
827:
822:
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796:Rolls of Arms
791:
788:
783:
782:
776:
771:
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762:
757:
755:0-85683-092-5
751:
746:
745:
739:
733:
731:
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727:
725:
723:
719:
712:
710:
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707:Michael Hicks
702:
699:
695:
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689:
685:
681:
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676:saints' lives
671:
669:
665:
661:
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652:Welsh Marches
649:
645:
641:
637:
633:
624:
619:
612:
610:
608:
603:
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594:Kings Langley
591:
586:
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572:
567:
565:
561:
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546:
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536:
531:
529:
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476:
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468:
467:County Durham
464:
459:
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453:
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429:
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388:
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381:
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374:
370:
366:
363:
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357:
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351:
347:
342:
340:
339:Hertfordshire
336:
332:
327:
325:
321:
317:
313:
309:
305:
301:
297:
293:
292:Maud FitzJohn
289:
282:
277:
270:
266:
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244:
242:
238:
234:
229:
227:
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185:
180:
172:
171:Maud FitzJohn
169:
165:
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159:
155:
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138:
135:
134:
132:
129:
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114:
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108:
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96:
92:
88:
84:
80:
73:
69:
65:
63:
58:
52:
47:
44:
40:
33:
30:
19:
1602:1270s births
1572:
1543:
1535:
1530:
1521:
1516:, pp. 372–5.
1513:
1508:
1476:
1466:
1457:
1448:
1439:
1430:
1421:
1412:
1403:
1399:
1393:
1384:
1375:
1354:
1345:
1336:
1327:
1308:
1302:
1290:|first=
1263:
1256:
1247:
1238:
1206:
1196:
1175:
1166:
1157:
1130:
1121:
1102:
1093:
1069:
1059:
1050:
1031:
1022:
1002:, pp. 370–2.
999:
974:
965:
956:
948:
944:
935:
915:
906:
889:
841:
812:
803:
790:
779:
764:
743:
703:
691:
672:
644:Warwickshire
628:
623:coat of arms
598:
582:
568:
552:
532:
519:
496:
460:
444:John Balliol
434:, rejecting
397:
378:
343:
337:, a wealthy
328:
285:
280:
245:
230:
189:
188:
183:
125:
60:
29:
1607:1315 deaths
1538:, pp. 50–1.
1488:. pp.
838:Coss, Peter
688:King Arthur
678:as well as
664:French wars
575:Oxfordshire
414:betrothing
127:See details
1596:Categories
1578:1298–1315
713:References
571:Deddington
528:ordinances
475:Cumberland
298:, who was
1282:cite book
1230:185767800
1149:183353136
1015:Maddicott
684:Alexander
602:retainers
590:Dominican
514:Edward II
487:Edward II
308:Henry III
269:quartered
202:Edward II
1474:(1970).
1204:(2005).
1129:(1959).
1101:(1959).
1067:(1972).
1032:Edward I
1030:(1997).
772:(1885).
740:(1991).
680:romances
432:the Pope
420:Isabella
324:Edward I
306:on King
222:Edward I
352:at the
198:magnate
1496:
1482:Oxford
1315:
1270:
1228:
1218:
1147:
1137:
1109:
1081:
1038:
752:
682:about
523:Border
481:, and
454:, the
452:Edward
167:Mother
157:Father
103:Spouse
90:Buried
1490:22–23
404:marks
122:Issue
64:Rolls
1494:ISBN
1404:viii
1313:ISBN
1294:help
1268:ISBN
1226:OCLC
1216:ISBN
1145:OCLC
1135:ISBN
1107:ISBN
1079:ISBN
1036:ISBN
750:ISBN
686:and
646:and
621:The
556:York
436:Rome
82:Died
77:1272
71:Born
62:Rous
1514:xii
1212:182
1075:557
1000:xii
894:doi
846:doi
817:doi
638:in
573:in
473:in
465:in
1598::
1536:ii
1492:.
1484::
1480:.
1402:.
1363:^
1286::
1284:}}
1280:{{
1224:.
1214:.
1184:^
1143:.
1077:.
1007:^
987:^
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858:^
829:^
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721:^
670:.
596:.
545:.
537:,
356:.
326:.
251:.
194:c.
75:c.
1502:.
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1087:.
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896::
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848::
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819::
758:.
375:.
192:(
20:)
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