31:
74:
249:
61:
232:
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45:
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was proposed in 2012. The major types of gynandromorphs, bilateral, polar and oblique are computationally modeled. Many other possible gynandromorph combinations are computationally modeled, including predicted morphologies yet to be discovered. The article relates gynandromorph developmental control
290:
typically. This leads to one of the two cells having sex chromosomes that cause male development and the other cell having chromosomes that cause female development. For example, an XY cell undergoing mitosis duplicates its chromosomes, becoming XXYY. Usually this cell would divide into two XY cells,
194:. It is generally rare but reporting depends on ease of detecting it (whether a species is strongly sexually dimorphic) and how well-studied a region or organism is. For example, up until 2023 gynandromorphism had been reported in more than 40 bird species, but the vast majority of these are from the
291:
but in rare occasions the cell may divide into an X cell and an XYY cell. If this happens early in development, then a large portion of the cells are X and a large portion are XYY. Since X and XYY dictate different sexes, the organism has tissue that is female and tissue that is male.
214:—one side female and one side male. Alternatively, the distribution of male and female tissue can be more haphazard. Bilateral gynandromorphy arises very early in development, typically when the organism has between 8 and 64 cells. Later stages produce a more random pattern.
649:
Taniyama, Katsuya; Onodera, Kaori; Tanaka, Kazuhiro (December 2018). "Sexual identity and sexual attractiveness of a gynandromorph of the lawn ground cricket, Polionemobius mikado (Orthoptera: Trigonidiidae): Gynandromorph of
Polionemobius mikado".
320:, for instance, they provided evidence that male courtship behavior originates in the brain, that males can distinguish conspecific females from males by the scent or some other characteristic of the posterior, dorsal,
30:
932:
Krohmer, Randolph W. (27 December 1989). "Reproductive
Physiology and Behavior of a Gynandromorph Redsided Garter Snake, Thamnophis sirtalis parietalis, from Central Manitoba, Canada".
787:
Miyaguni, Yasushi; Nozaki, Tomonari; Yashiro, Toshihisa (August 2017). "The first report of gynandromorphy in termites (Isoptera; Kalotermitidae; Neotermes koshunensis)".
1700:
1593:
1477:
614:
Maeno, Koutaro; Tanaka, Seiji (September 2007). "Morphological and behavioural characteristics of a gynandromorph of the desert locust, Schistocerca gregaria".
1660:"Gynandromorphs of Drosophila suggest one common primordium for the somatic cells of the female and male gonads in the region of abdominal segments 4 and 5"
1186:
248:
1168:
1718:
897:
Mitchell, Joseph C.; Fouquette, M. J. (10 February 1978). "A Gynandromorphic
Whiptail Lizard, Cnemidophorus inornatus, from Arizona".
1022:
Hollander, W. F.; Gowen, John W.; Stadler, Janice (February 1956). "A study of 25 gynandromorphic mice of the Bagg albino strain".
1359:
231:
263:
388:"Beschreibung einer seltenen menschlichen Zwitterbildung nebst vorangeschickten allgemeinen Bemerkungen über Zwitter-Thiere"
1149:
332:, and that somatic components of the gonads originate in the mesodermal region of the fourth and fifth abdominal segment.
286:
during early development. While the organism contains only a few cells, one of the dividing cells does not split its
1753:
1748:
1384:
Werner, Eric (2012). "A Developmental
Network Theory of Gynandromorphs, Sexual Dimorphism and Species Formation".
1254:
528:
Labruna, M. B.; Ribeiro, A. F.; Cruz, M. V.; Camargo, L. M A.; Camargo, E. P. (August 2002). "Gynandromorphism in
1491:
Nissani, M. (1975). "A new behavioral bioassay for an analysis of sexual attraction and pheromones in insects".
549:
1405:
Werner, Eric (2012). "The Origin, Evolution and
Development of Bilateral Symmetry in Multicellular Organisms".
1301:
118:
such as certain butterflies, spiders, and birds, but has been recognized in numerous other types of organisms.
73:
1728:
202:, indicating that it likely is underreported in parts of the world that are not as biologically well-studied.
1202:
1119:
687:"A record of gynandromorphism in the libellulid dragonfly Crocothemis servilia (Insecta: Odonata) from India"
225:
signal, providing strong evidence for a non-hormonal primary sex mechanism regulating brain differentiation.
316:
1732:
1184:
452:
314:
Gynandromorphs occasionally afford a powerful tool in genetic, developmental, and behavioral analyses. In
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1471:
406:
361:
66:
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networks to how species may form. The models are based on a computational model of bilateral symmetry.
1616:
1547:
1500:
1435:
1078:
796:
468:
79:
1222:"The first case of bilateral gynandromorphic plumage type in the bearded reedling Panurus biarmicus"
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1067:"Sexually dimorphic expression of trkB, a Z-linked gene, in early posthatch zebra finch brain"
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A developmental network theory of how gynandromorphs develop from a single cell based on a
44:
1286:
1190:
1172:
1153:
969:"The Accessory Reproductive Tract in Mammalian True Hermaphrodites, an Effect of Position"
1620:
1607:
Nissani, Moti (1977). "Cell lineage analysis of germ cells of
Drosophila melanogaster".
1551:
1504:
1439:
1082:
800:
703:
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472:
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1536:"Courtship in Drosophila mosaics: sex-specific foci for sequential action patterns"
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1344:
36:
1238:
1221:
1146:
302:
218:
131:
127:
49:
1426:
Hotta, Y, and Benzer, S. (1972). "Mapping of
Behaviour in Drosophila mosaics".
114:. Gynandromorphism is most frequently recognized in organisms that have strong
808:
480:
329:
321:
195:
111:
992:
765:
498:
17:
1560:
1255:"Half male, half female butterfly steals the show at Natural History Museum"
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1183:
A Gender-bender
Colored Cardinal, by Tim Wall, Discovery News, 31 May 2011
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816:
557:
506:
1686:
1678:
1455:
1035:
1636:
1579:
1520:
579:
Morgan, T. H. (1 June 1914). "Mosaics and gynandromorphs in
Drosophila".
489:
199:
135:
1065:
Chen, Xuqi; Agate, Robert J.; Itoh, Yuichiro; Arnold, Arthur P. (2005).
773:
745:
221:. These birds have lateralised brain structures in the face of a common
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953:
918:
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299:
283:
282:
The cause of this phenomenon is typically (but not always) an event in
222:
206:
Pattern of distribution of male and female tissues in a single organism
171:
1362:. Department of Natural Sciences, Dalton State College. Archived from
663:
130:(butterflies and moths) since the 1700s. It has also been observed in
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Abhandlungen der Königlichen
Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin
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139:
72:
59:
43:
29:
191:
147:
91:
451:
Suzuki, Yuya; Kuramitsu, Kazumu; Yokoi, Tomoyuki (2019-06-14).
1315:
Arnold, Arthur P. (2004). "Sex chromosomes and brain gender".
175:
167:
151:
550:
10.1645/0022-3395(2002)088[0810:GIACAR]2.0.CO;2
453:"Morphology and sex-specific behavior of a gynandromorphic
1731:; on: Sciencenews; October 6, 2020; about a gynandromorph
1729:
This rare bird is male on one side and female on the other
1120:"Unique Bird Sheds Light on Sex Differences in the Brain"
411:
Memoirs Read Before the Boston Society of Natural History
838:
Lucia, Mariano; Gonzalez, Victor. H. (1 November 2013).
98:
characteristics. The term comes from the Greek γυνή (
685:Renjith, R. V.; Chandran, A. Vivek (26 June 2020).
1253:Ian Sample, science correspondent (12 July 2011).
744:Cokendolpher, James C.; Francke, Oscar F. (1983).
27:Organism with both male and female characteristics
1071:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
852:Annals of the Entomological Society of America
328:originate in the posterior-most region of the
754:Journal of the New York Entomological Society
110:) 'form', and is used mainly in the field of
8:
1699:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
1592:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
1476:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
1658:Szabad, Janos, and Nothiger, Rolf (1992).
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1100:
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873:
863:
702:
488:
407:"On Gynandromorphism in the Lepidoptera"
1304:. Virginia Institute of Marine Science.
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227:
1692:
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1282:
1272:
1220:Stępniewski, J.; Surmacki, A. (2023).
844:with a Review of Gynandromorphism in
430:"Beauty of the dual-gender butterfly"
7:
1302:"Rare crab may hold genetic secrets"
704:10.11609/jott.5322.12.9.16183-16186
126:Gynandromorphism has been noted in
1300:Malmquist, David (June 15, 2005).
1203:"Half-cock chicken mystery solved"
848:(Hymenoptera: Apidae: Xylocopini)"
750:Wheeler (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)"
746:"Gynandromorphic Desert Fire Ant,
217:A notable example in birds is the
90:is an organism that contains both
25:
581:Experimental Biology and Medicine
628:10.1111/j.1365-3032.2007.00573.x
405:Packard, Alpheus Spring (1875).
262:
247:
230:
1493:Journal of Experimental Zoology
1226:The European Zoological Journal
1118:Laura Wright (March 25, 2003).
1534:Hotta, Y., Benzer, S. (1976).
386:Rudolphi, Karl Asmund (1828).
1:
1239:10.1080/24750263.2023.2231000
457:(Araneae: Salticidae) spider"
718:Donisthorpe, Horace (1929).
1317:Nature Reviews Neuroscience
1770:
720:"Gynandromorphism in ants"
691:Journal of Threatened Taxa
1719:Stunning Dual-Sex Animals
809:10.1007/s00114-017-1478-0
481:10.1007/s00114-019-1625-x
210:A gynandromorph can have
1540:Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A
840:"A New Gynandromorph of
616:Physiological Entomology
534:Rhipicephalus sanguineus
432:. Natural History Museum
254:Mosaic gynandromorph of
1561:10.1073/pnas.73.11.4154
1092:10.1073/pnas.0408350102
973:The American Naturalist
593:10.3181/00379727-11-105
538:Journal of Parasitology
317:Drosophila melanogaster
298:links between parental
1733:rose-breasted grosbeak
1513:10.1002/jez.1401920217
967:Asdell, S. A. (1942).
455:Myrmarachne formicaria
83:
70:
57:
41:
1679:10.1242/dev.115.2.527
1036:10.1002/ar.1091240207
1024:The Anatomical Record
789:The Science of Nature
727:Zoologischer Anzeiger
652:Entomological Science
461:The Science of Nature
362:Half-sider budgerigar
324:of females, that the
106:) 'male', and μορφή (
76:
67:Heteropteryx dilatata
63:
48:Gynandromorph of the
47:
33:
536:(Acari: Ixodidae)".
530:Amblyomma cajennense
80:Crocothemis servilia
1621:1977Natur.265..729N
1552:1976PNAS...73.4154H
1505:1975JEZ...192..271N
1440:1972Natur.240..527H
1164:Powdermill Banding
1125:Scientific American
1083:2005PNAS..102.7730C
801:2017SciNa.104...60M
473:2019SciNa.106...34S
394:(in German): 45–69.
1285:has generic name (
1189:2012-09-30 at the
1171:2006-12-31 at the
1152:2006-07-16 at the
1144:Erythrura gouldiae
842:Xylocopa frontalis
697:(9): 16183–16186.
310:As a research tool
212:bilateral symmetry
102:) 'female', ἀνήρ (
84:
71:
58:
54:Polyommatus icarus
42:
1754:Sexual dimorphism
1749:Insect physiology
1615:(5596): 729–731.
1546:(11): 4154–4158.
1434:(5383): 527–535.
664:10.1111/ens.12321
271:Papilio androgeus
256:Papilio androgeus
240:Papilio androgeus
237:Normal female of
116:sexual dimorphism
77:Gynandromorph of
64:Gynandromorph of
34:Gynandromorph of
16:(Redirected from
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1360:"Gynandromorphs"
1358:Adams, James K.
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1667:Development
875:11336/23238
795:(7–8): 60.
303:chromosomes
219:zebra finch
164:dragonflies
132:crustaceans
128:Lepidoptera
52:butterfly (
50:common blue
1743:Categories
1370:2005-06-29
905:(1): 156.
417:: 409–412.
373:References
330:blastoderm
326:germ cells
322:integument
196:Palearctic
134:, such as
122:Occurrence
112:entomology
1412:1207.3289
1391:1212.5439
1275:cite news
1265:August 6,
1166:Fall 2004
993:0003-0147
766:0028-7199
515:189819156
499:1432-1904
467:(7): 34.
357:Gynomorph
352:Chimerism
347:Androgyny
342:Mosaicism
1337:15322528
1261:. London
1207:BBC News
1187:Archived
1169:Archived
1150:Archived
1111:15894627
1052:21938150
1044:13302819
1009:83563917
884:84567180
846:Xylocopa
825:21170853
817:28676938
774:25009362
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672:91381517
636:85317122
601:87401593
566:26299983
558:12197141
507:31201570
336:See also
200:Nearctic
172:termites
160:crickets
136:lobsters
1687:1425338
1645:4146956
1617:Bibcode
1548:Bibcode
1501:Bibcode
1464:4181921
1456:4568399
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1345:7419814
1102:1140405
1079:Bibcode
1001:2457667
954:1446001
919:1443840
797:Bibcode
469:Bibcode
300:allelic
284:mitosis
223:steroid
188:rodents
180:lizards
156:locusts
144:spiders
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1609:Nature
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436:11 May
278:Causes
190:, and
184:snakes
108:morphē
96:female
1721:" at
1663:(PDF)
1641:S2CID
1460:S2CID
1407:arXiv
1386:arXiv
1341:S2CID
1048:S2CID
1005:S2CID
997:JSTOR
950:JSTOR
915:JSTOR
880:S2CID
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770:JSTOR
723:(PDF)
668:S2CID
632:S2CID
597:S2CID
562:S2CID
511:S2CID
192:birds
152:flies
148:ticks
142:, in
140:crabs
39:inara
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532:and
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495:ISSN
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168:ants
138:and
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100:gynē
94:and
92:male
1675:doi
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