533:
29:
297:
316:
305:
545:
499:
was built in 1949, but not produced, due to problems with rigidity. It was also overweight for the engine. An ambulance GAZ-12B was also built in 1951–1960, with folding seats for medics and basically same body; stretchers were loaded through the trunk. There was also a taxi variant GAZ-12A, used
479:
limousines. In the style of
American car fashion that the vehicle was inspired by, the ZIM was used extensively to decorate the car: the hubcaps, the bonnet, the radiator grille, even the horn button on the steering wheel. However, Molotov's career abruptly ended in May 1957, when he lost a
492:, and all of the badges and adornments replaced by the new abbreviation. Moreover, right up until the perestroika the car was officially named labelled only as the GAZ-12, whilst unofficially it was almost exclusively referred to as the ZIM.
288:, but was also readily available as a taxi and ambulance. Unlike its successors, ZIM was the only Soviet executive class full-size car that was actually made available for private ownership. A total of 21,527 examples were built.
488:. Thereafter, the USSR rapidly renamed cities, streets, ships and factories that had been named after him. ZIM, which was in production, from the summer of 1957 was hurriedly renamed
441:
The first car was built in
October 1950, and was notionally available to average citizens; its 40,000 ruble price made purchase unlikely (comparing to 16,000 for mid-class Pobeda).
430:(track), at 1,560 mm (61 in), was wider than the front by 100 mm (3.9 in), to ensure the rear seat would accommodate three passengers. The result was an
411:. It had drum brakes at all four corners. Despite lacking power steering, the 18.2:1 ratio steering box made turning fairly easy. It offered a standard three-band
349:
was given a choice between copying an
American product (a Buick) or developing an entirely new model. He chose the latter, despite high level support for simply
532:
335:
GAZ began the design process for what became the M12 in May 1948, when the Soviet government requested a six-passenger sedan for the niche between the
426:), of reaching 78 mph (126 km/h), and of accelerating 0–60 mph (0–97 km/h) in 37 seconds. It had one unusual feature: the rear
753:
724:
133:
282:
produced by GAZ and the first one to have the famous leaping gazelle hood ornament. The car was built to serve high and medium rank Soviet
28:
387:
engine (producing 95 PS (70 kW), rather than the 70 PS (51 kW) in the truck), and the transmission. The ZIM's
805:
163:
790:
785:
795:
800:
152:
296:
780:
565:
Weight: 1,800 kg (3,968 lb) (1,940 kg (4,277 lb) with full tank, oil and other liquids)
475:. However, for a car of executive class, a new catchy abbreviation was introduced, coinciding with bigger
418:
The car weighed 1,940 kg (4,280 lb), was capable of getting 19 L/100 km (12 mpg
315:
511:
271:
346:
384:
169:
156:
462:
113:
93:
304:
415:, at a time when radios were not standard on most American cars, even the most expensive ones.
749:
720:
485:
388:
350:
345:, with a deadline of twenty-nine months to produce it. Due to the lack of time, head designer
128:
78:
481:
449:
260:
544:
403:, was responsible for the increased power. The front suspension was by coil springs, with
396:
71:
408:
340:
173:
108:
774:
435:
431:
279:
537:
324:
284:
268:
117:
467:, in honour of the Soviet Foreign Minister. All of the models carried the prefix
404:
219:
502:
427:
400:
368:
101:
496:
364:
360:
185:
121:
98:
507:
412:
328:
320:
434:-like "bulge". It was also the first GAZ to feature the leaping gazelle
559:
336:
309:
518:
395:
petrol (gasoline) common in the Soviet Union; this, plus an improved
392:
376:
372:
247:
237:
145:
543:
531:
314:
303:
295:
571:
Fuel tank: 80 L (21 US gal; 18 imp gal)
391:
was increased to 6.7:1, but it was still able to employ the 70
476:
275:
44:
764:, "Avtolegendy SSSR" Nr.3, DeAgostini, 2009, ISSN 2071-095X
574:
Fuel consumption: 15.5 L/100 km (18.2 mpg
456:). Prior to 1957, the GAZ factory was officially named
383:, including the 3,485 cc (212.7 cu in)
719:, "Avtomobil Na Sluzhbye", No.1, DeAgostini, 2010,
510:designed and built on the ZIM basis for the use on
243:
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162:
144:
139:
127:
107:
92:
87:
77:
66:
58:
50:
40:
35:
21:
506:in state-owned inter-city communication, and a
458:Gorkovsky avtomobilny zavod imeni V.M. Molotova
746:Cars of the Soviet Union: The Definite History
448:abbreviation stands for Zavod imeni Molotova (
278:(GAZ) from 1950 until 1960. It was the first
8:
688:(Jefferson, NC: McFarland & Coy, 2008),
363:chassis (with a 3,200 mm (130 in)
568:Maximum speed: 120 km/h (75 mph)
27:
18:
224:3,800–4,200 lb (1,700–1,900 kg)
748:, Sparkford, Yeovil, Somerset: Haynes,
592:
556:Turn radius: 7.4 m (24.28 ft)
700:
698:
668:
666:
664:
662:
660:
658:
645:
643:
630:
628:
626:
624:
608:
606:
604:
602:
600:
598:
596:
536:A ZIM-12 of the Soviet delegation in
7:
553:Clearance: 200 mm (7.9 in)
14:
517:The GAZ-12 was replaced by the
1:
198:5,530 mm (217.7 in)
190:3,200 mm (126.0 in)
399:and twin-choke (two-barrel)
214:1,660 mm (65.4 in)
206:1,900 mm (74.8 in)
407:at the rear, and hydraulic
174:hydrodynamic fluid coupling
822:
615:, "Avtolegendy SSSR" Nr.3
356:The M12 used a lengthened
453:
264:
26:
717:GAZ-12B skoraya pomoshch
704:
672:
649:
634:
528:Technical specifications
465:Gorky automotive factory
806:Cars introduced in 1950
744:Thompson, Andy (2008),
686:American Cars 1946-1959
684:Flory, J. "Kelly", Jr.
379:trucks, or the smaller
549:
541:
495:A prototype four-door
367:), and about half the
332:
312:
301:
276:Gorky Automotive Plant
547:
535:
512:narrow-gauge railways
318:
307:
299:
582:) at 50–60 km/h
562:: 3 speeds + reverse
454:Завод имени Молотова
331:narrow gauge railway
272:full-size luxury car
548:The leaping gazelle
323:on the bridge over
791:GAZ Group vehicles
786:Soviet automobiles
550:
542:
463:Vyacheslav Molotov
371:components of the
333:
313:
302:
300:ZIM-12 convertible
54:GAZ-12 (1958–1960)
796:Flagship vehicles
755:978-1-84425-483-5
725:978-5-9774-0418-1
486:Nikita Khrushchev
482:political fallout
389:compression ratio
351:badge engineering
253:
252:
813:
767:
758:
731:
730:
714:
708:
702:
693:
682:
676:
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653:
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638:
632:
619:
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455:
274:produced by the
266:
220:Curb weight
88:Body and chassis
51:Also called
31:
19:
821:
820:
816:
815:
814:
812:
811:
810:
801:Luxury vehicles
771:
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683:
679:
671:
656:
648:
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633:
622:
616:
611:
594:
589:
581:
578:; 15.2 mpg
577:
530:
425:
421:
409:shock absorbers
397:intake manifold
294:
109:Body style
17:
12:
11:
5:
819:
817:
809:
808:
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798:
793:
788:
783:
781:Cars of Russia
773:
772:
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732:
709:
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423:
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347:Andrei Lipgart
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83:Andrey Lipgart
81:
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70:Soviet Union:
68:
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33:
32:
24:
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478:
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459:
451:
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442:
439:
437:
436:hood ornament
433:
429:
422:; 15 mpg
416:
414:
410:
406:
402:
398:
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280:executive car
277:
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262:
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249:
248:GAZ-13 Chaika
246:
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43:
39:
34:
30:
25:
20:
16:Motor vehicle
766:(in Russian)
761:
745:
729:(in Russian)
716:
712:
689:
685:
680:
617:(in Russian)
612:
538:East Germany
520:
516:
501:
500:mainly as a
494:
489:
472:
468:
461:
457:
445:
443:
440:
417:
405:leaf springs
380:
357:
355:
341:
334:
325:Southern Bug
308:A ZIM-12 in
285:nomenklatura
283:
256:
254:
164:Transmission
151:
41:Manufacturer
471:instead of
292:Development
234:Predecessor
775:Categories
576:‑imp
503:marshrutka
432:Oldsmobile
424:‑imp
401:carburetor
385:inline six
369:drivetrain
229:Chronology
180:Dimensions
140:Powertrain
102:luxury car
59:Production
580:‑US
497:cabriolet
460:, or the
420:‑US
365:wheelbase
361:monocoque
353:a Buick.
244:Successor
238:GAZ-11-73
186:Wheelbase
134:FR layout
122:ambulance
99:Full-size
62:1950–1960
705:Thompson
673:Thompson
650:Thompson
635:Thompson
508:draisine
413:AM radio
339:and the
329:Haivoron
321:draisine
267:) was a
168:3-speed
79:Designer
67:Assembly
36:Overview
738:Sources
707:, p. 69
675:, p. 67
652:, p. 66
637:, p. 68
560:Gearbox
519:GAZ-13
450:Russian
337:ZIS-110
310:Donetsk
261:Russian
172:with a
118:phaeton
762:ZIM-12
752:
723:
690:passim
613:ZIM-12
540:, 1957
521:Chaika
490:GAZ-12
393:octane
381:Pobeda
377:GAZ-63
373:GAZ-51
358:Pobeda
342:Pobeda
269:Soviet
265:ЗИМ-12
257:ZIM-12
211:Height
195:Length
170:manual
153:GAZ-12
146:Engine
129:Layout
22:ZIM-12
587:Notes
484:with
428:tread
203:Width
150:3.5L
114:Sedan
94:Class
72:Gorky
750:ISBN
721:ISBN
444:The
375:and
319:ZIM
255:The
120:and
477:ZIS
473:GAZ
446:ZIM
327:on
45:GAZ
777::
727:,
697:^
657:^
642:^
623:^
595:^
524:.
514:.
452::
438:.
263::
157:I6
116:,
692:.
469:M
259:(
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