349:
369:
359:
381:
401:
391:
1170:
321:
311:
286:
301:
276:
266:
2058:
2079:
421:
1159:
2068:
196:
from that added during the ongoing anthropogenic transient. The technique is not straightforward and has associated errors, although it is gradually being refined to improve it. Its findings are generally supported by independent predictions made by dynamic models.
85:
programmes. The second GLODAP release (v2) extended the first using data from cruises from 2000 to 2013. The data are available both as individual "bottle data" from sample sites, and as interpolated fields on a standard longitude, latitude, depth grid.
200:
The GLODAPv2 climatology largely repeats the earlier format, but makes use of the large number of observations of the ocean's carbon cycle made over the intervening period (2000–2013). The analysed "present-day" fields in the resulting dataset are
701:
Lauvset, S.K.; Key, R.M.; Olsen, A.; van Heuven, S.; Velo, A.; Lin, X.; Schirnick, C.; Kozyr, A.; Tanhua, T.; Hoppema, M.; Jutterström, S.; Steinfeldt, R.; Jeansson, E.; Ishii, M.; Pérez, F.F.; Suzuki, T.; Watelet, S. (2016).
646:
Olsen, A.; Key, R.M.; van Heuven, S.; Lauvset, S.K.; Velo, A.; Lin, X.; Schirnick, C.; Kozyr, A.; Tanhua, T.; Hoppema, M.; Jutterström, S.; Steinfeldt, R.; Jeansson, E.; Ishii, M.; Pérez, F.F.; Suzuki, T. (2016).
332:
The following panels show sea surface concentrations of fields prepared by GLODAPv2. The "pre-industrial" is the 18th century, while "present-day" is normalised to 2002. Note that these properties are shown in
509:
Standardised intervals are at 0, 10, 20, 30, 50, 75, 100, 125, 150, 200, 250, 300, 400, 500, 600, 700, 800, 900, 1000, 1100, 1200, 1300, 1400, 1500, 1750, 2000, 2500, 3000, 3500, 4000, 4500, 5000, 5500
493:
Key, R.M., Kozyr, A., Sabine, C.L., Lee, K., Wanninkhof, R., Bullister, J., Feely, R.A., Millero, F., Mordy, C. and Peng, T.-H. (2004). A global ocean carbon climatology: Results from GLODAP.
176:. However, as anthropogenic DIC is chemically and physically identical to natural DIC, this separation is difficult. GLODAP used a mathematical technique known as C* (C-star) to
258:
The following panels show sea surface concentrations of fields prepared by GLODAPv1.1. The "pre-industrial" is the 18th century, while "present-day" is approximately the 1990s.
1798:
1788:
847:
814:
59:
530:
1704:
137:, averaged fields are only produced for the annual time-scale. The GLODAP climatology is missing data in certain oceanic provinces including the
1119:
887:
1351:
805:
1241:
840:
1946:
1373:
474:
74:
63:
1793:
1064:
348:
1211:
560:
368:
205:
to year 2002. Anthropogenic carbon was estimated in GLODAPv2 using a "transit-time distribution" (TTD) method (an approach using a
2104:
1251:
449:
228:
358:
2071:
1981:
967:
380:
1654:
2129:
2114:
2061:
833:
400:
454:
78:
1109:
649:"The Global Ocean Data Analysis Project version 2 (GLODAPv2) – an internally consistent data product for the world ocean"
2119:
239:
209:). In addition to updated fields of DIC (total and anthropogenic) and alkalinity, GLODAPv2 includes fields of seawater
1169:
67:
82:
1306:
202:
1206:
527:
1841:
1246:
188:
surface disequilibrium together with other ocean tracers including carbon-14, CFC-11 and CFC-12 (which indicate
1971:
1346:
1336:
1276:
912:
882:
180:
anthropogenic from natural DIC (there are a number of alternative methods). This uses information about ocean
73:
The first GLODAP release (v1.1) was produced from data collected during the 1990s by research cruises on the
2008:
1991:
1828:
1321:
1186:
1124:
1114:
1007:
390:
150:
115:
133:(5500 m). In terms of temporal resolution, the relative scarcity of the source data mean that, unlike the
2003:
1941:
1368:
1054:
444:
156:
Additionally, analysis has attempted to separate natural from anthropogenic DIC, to produce fields of pre-
95:
2124:
1836:
1818:
1326:
1221:
856:
576:
Gruber, N., Sarmiento, J.L. and
Stocker, T.F. (1996). An improved method for detecting anthropogenic CO
157:
528:
Anthropogenic ocean acidification over the twenty-first century and its impact on calcifying organisms.
599:"How accurate is the estimation of anthropogenic carbon in the ocean? An evaluation of the DC* method"
2023:
1856:
1559:
1416:
1281:
992:
770:
715:
660:
610:
434:
2018:
1903:
1898:
1624:
1296:
1256:
972:
459:
206:
173:
165:
42:
data, featuring two major releases as of 2018. The central goal of GLODAP is to generate a global
1961:
1674:
1664:
1629:
1529:
1514:
1411:
628:
217:
2043:
2033:
1976:
1956:
1639:
1604:
1539:
1519:
1509:
1391:
1079:
937:
469:
320:
310:
225:
214:
146:
134:
1998:
1966:
1936:
1745:
1730:
1599:
1534:
1426:
1341:
1271:
1196:
977:
947:
877:
872:
778:
733:
723:
678:
668:
618:
285:
119:
300:
275:
265:
2109:
1803:
1699:
1649:
1614:
1574:
1466:
1436:
1286:
1236:
1146:
1104:
1037:
962:
922:
564:
534:
464:
439:
247:
243:
181:
224:
ion concentration by the ambient saturation concentration for calcium carbonate (for the
1158:
774:
719:
664:
614:
557:
1913:
1908:
1813:
1808:
1644:
1584:
1579:
1311:
1201:
1022:
957:
932:
55:
2098:
2083:
1931:
1851:
1740:
1659:
1634:
1569:
1499:
1406:
1301:
1178:
1099:
1059:
1032:
942:
892:
783:
754:
426:
177:
142:
220:(Ω; omega). The latter is a non-dimensional number calculated by dividing the local
2078:
2038:
1986:
1926:
1877:
1755:
1750:
1725:
1709:
1684:
1401:
1291:
1231:
1017:
927:
902:
819:
632:
420:
138:
127:
123:
51:
39:
810:
2028:
1760:
1689:
1554:
1494:
1461:
1451:
1446:
1331:
1266:
1226:
1216:
1191:
1074:
1047:
1027:
987:
952:
47:
43:
1846:
1694:
1669:
1564:
1544:
1471:
1456:
1441:
1431:
1396:
1316:
1136:
1131:
1094:
1089:
1084:
982:
704:"A new global interior ocean mapped climatology: the 1° × 1° GLODAP version 2"
416:
189:
99:
94:
The GLODAPv1.1 climatology contains analysed fields of "present day" (1990s)
1918:
1780:
1765:
1679:
1524:
1363:
1358:
1141:
1069:
997:
917:
907:
864:
728:
703:
673:
648:
235:
221:
103:
2013:
1735:
1594:
1486:
1476:
1421:
897:
623:
598:
825:
738:
683:
1882:
1872:
1042:
1012:
231:
17:
1589:
1002:
753:
Waugh, D.W.; Hall, T.M.; McNeil, B.I.; Key, R.; Matear, R.J. (2006).
338:
130:
111:
107:
27:
Synthesis project bringing together biogeochemical oceanographic data
341:
units (per cubic metre of seawater) used in the GLODAPv1.1 panels.
164:. This separation allows estimation of the magnitude of the ocean
1951:
1770:
1549:
1504:
399:
389:
379:
367:
357:
347:
319:
309:
299:
284:
274:
264:
558:
Ocean acidification due to increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide.
1383:
334:
829:
801:
246:, and potential dissolution, while values above 1 indicate
210:
759:
in the oceans estimated using transit-time distributions"
352:
Surface ocean pre-industrial DIC concentration, GLODAPv2
372:
Surface ocean anthropogenic CO2 concentration, GLODAPv2
362:
Surface ocean present-day DIC concentration, GLODAPv2
160:(18th century) DIC and "present day" anthropogenic CO
384:
Surface ocean present-day total alkalinity, GLODAPv2
172:, and is important for studies of phenomena such as
1891:
1865:
1827:
1779:
1718:
1613:
1485:
1382:
1177:
863:
1799:North West Shelf Operational Oceanographic System
822:, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
404:Surface ocean present-day omega calcite, GLODAPv2
337:units (per kilogram of seawater) rather than the
238:), and relates to an oceanographic property, the
1789:Deep-ocean Assessment and Reporting of Tsunamis
815:National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
60:National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
841:
696:
694:
8:
54:for use in studies of both its natural and
38:) is a synthesis project bringing together
848:
834:
826:
118:, objectively-analysed global grids at 1°
782:
737:
727:
682:
672:
622:
518:
516:
486:
1120:one-dimensional Saint-Venant equations
394:Surface ocean present-day pH, GLODAPv2
192:age) to try to separate out natural CO
7:
2067:
122:, interpolated onto 33 standardised
1947:National Oceanographic Data Center
1374:World Ocean Circulation Experiment
1262:Global Ocean Data Analysis Project
597:Matsumoto, K.; Gruber, N. (2005).
475:World Ocean Circulation Experiment
242:. Values of this below 1 indicate
75:World Ocean Circulation Experiment
32:Global Ocean Data Analysis Project
25:
1794:Global Sea Level Observing System
58:states. GLODAP is funded by the
2077:
2066:
2057:
2056:
1252:Geochemical Ocean Sections Study
1168:
1157:
784:10.1111/j.1600-0889.2006.00222.x
450:Geochemical Ocean Sections Study
419:
1982:Ocean thermal energy conversion
1705:Vine–Matthews–Morley hypothesis
83:Ocean-Atmosphere Exchange Study
289:"Present day" anthropogenic CO
126:from the surface (0 m) to the
1:
455:Joint Global Ocean Flux Study
79:Joint Global Ocean Flux Study
1242:El Niño–Southern Oscillation
1212:Craik–Leibovich vortex force
968:Luke's variational principle
806:Bjerknes Climate Data Centre
582:Global Biogeochemical Cycles
495:Global Biogeochemical Cycles
240:carbonate compensation depth
343:
260:
68:National Science Foundation
2146:
1307:Ocean dynamical thermostat
1155:
250:, and relative stability.
96:dissolved inorganic carbon
2052:
1842:Ocean acoustic tomography
1655:Mohorovičić discontinuity
1247:General circulation model
883:Benjamin–Feir instability
708:Earth System Science Data
653:Earth System Science Data
603:Global Biogeochem. Cycles
567:Royal Society, London, UK
114:. The fields consist of
64:U.S. Department of Energy
1972:Ocean surface topography
1347:Thermohaline circulation
1337:Subsurface ocean current
1277:Hydrothermal circulation
1110:Wave–current interaction
888:Boussinesq approximation
304:"Present day" alkalinity
56:anthropogenically forced
2105:Biological oceanography
2009:Sea surface temperature
1992:Outline of oceanography
1187:Atmospheric circulation
1125:shallow water equations
1115:Waves and shallow water
1008:Significant wave height
729:10.5194/essd-8-325-2016
674:10.5194/essd-8-297-2016
151:Maritime Southeast Asia
2004:Sea surface microlayer
1369:Wind generated current
533:June 25, 2008, at the
445:Continental shelf pump
405:
395:
385:
373:
363:
353:
325:
315:
305:
293:
280:
270:
2130:Physical oceanography
2115:Chemical oceanography
1837:Deep scattering layer
1819:World Geodetic System
1327:Princeton Ocean Model
1207:Coriolis–Stokes force
857:Physical oceanography
403:
393:
383:
371:
361:
351:
323:
313:
303:
288:
278:
268:
120:horizontal resolution
1857:Underwater acoustics
1417:Perigean spring tide
1282:Langmuir circulation
993:Rossby-gravity waves
624:10.1029/2004GB002397
435:Biogeochemical cycle
324:"Present day" CFC-12
314:"Present day" CFC-11
168:for anthropogenic CO
2120:Chlorofluorocarbons
2019:Science On a Sphere
1625:Convergent boundary
1297:Modular Ocean Model
1257:Geostrophic current
973:Mild-slope equation
811:GLODAP v1.1 website
775:2006TellB..58..376W
720:2016ESSD....8..325L
665:2016ESSD....8..297O
615:2005GBioC..19.3014M
460:Ocean acidification
174:ocean acidification
1675:Seafloor spreading
1665:Outer trench swell
1630:Divergent boundary
1530:Continental margin
1515:Carbonate platform
1412:Lunitidal interval
563:2007-09-27 at the
406:
396:
386:
374:
364:
354:
326:
316:
306:
294:
281:
271:
269:Pre-industrial DIC
124:vertical intervals
2092:
2091:
2084:Oceans portal
2044:World Ocean Atlas
2034:Underwater glider
1977:Ocean temperature
1640:Hydrothermal vent
1605:Submarine volcano
1540:Continental shelf
1520:Coastal geography
1510:Bathymetric chart
1392:Amphidromic point
1080:Wave nonlinearity
938:Infragravity wave
820:GLODAP v2 website
755:"Anthropogenic CO
470:World Ocean Atlas
410:
409:
330:
329:
279:"Present day" DIC
215:calcium carbonate
147:Mediterranean Sea
135:World Ocean Atlas
116:three-dimensional
16:(Redirected from
2137:
2082:
2081:
2070:
2069:
2060:
2059:
1999:Pelagic sediment
1937:Marine pollution
1731:Deep ocean water
1600:Submarine canyon
1535:Continental rise
1427:Rule of twelfths
1342:Sverdrup balance
1272:Humboldt Current
1197:Boundary current
1172:
1161:
978:Radiation stress
948:Iribarren number
923:Equatorial waves
878:Ballantine scale
873:Airy wave theory
850:
843:
836:
827:
789:
788:
786:
750:
744:
743:
741:
731:
698:
689:
688:
686:
676:
643:
637:
636:
626:
594:
588:
574:
568:
550:
544:
520:
511:
507:
501:
491:
429:
424:
423:
344:
261:
218:saturation state
207:Green's function
21:
2145:
2144:
2140:
2139:
2138:
2136:
2135:
2134:
2095:
2094:
2093:
2088:
2076:
2048:
1887:
1861:
1823:
1804:Sea-level curve
1775:
1714:
1700:Transform fault
1650:Mid-ocean ridge
1616:
1609:
1575:Oceanic plateau
1481:
1467:Tidal resonance
1437:Theory of tides
1378:
1287:Longshore drift
1237:Ekman transport
1173:
1167:
1166:
1165:
1164:
1163:
1162:
1153:
1105:Wave turbulence
1038:Trochoidal wave
963:Longshore drift
859:
854:
798:
793:
792:
758:
752:
751:
747:
700:
699:
692:
645:
644:
640:
596:
595:
591:
580:in the oceans,
579:
575:
571:
565:Wayback Machine
551:
547:
535:Wayback Machine
521:
514:
508:
504:
492:
488:
483:
465:Solubility pump
440:Biological pump
425:
418:
415:
292:
256:
248:supersaturation
244:undersaturation
195:
187:
182:biogeochemistry
171:
163:
92:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2143:
2141:
2133:
2132:
2127:
2122:
2117:
2112:
2107:
2097:
2096:
2090:
2089:
2087:
2086:
2074:
2064:
2053:
2050:
2049:
2047:
2046:
2041:
2036:
2031:
2026:
2024:Stratification
2021:
2016:
2011:
2006:
2001:
1996:
1995:
1994:
1984:
1979:
1974:
1969:
1964:
1959:
1954:
1949:
1944:
1939:
1934:
1929:
1924:
1916:
1914:Color of water
1911:
1909:Benthic lander
1906:
1901:
1895:
1893:
1889:
1888:
1886:
1885:
1880:
1875:
1869:
1867:
1863:
1862:
1860:
1859:
1854:
1849:
1844:
1839:
1833:
1831:
1825:
1824:
1822:
1821:
1816:
1814:Sea level rise
1811:
1809:Sea level drop
1806:
1801:
1796:
1791:
1785:
1783:
1777:
1776:
1774:
1773:
1768:
1763:
1758:
1753:
1748:
1743:
1738:
1733:
1728:
1722:
1720:
1716:
1715:
1713:
1712:
1707:
1702:
1697:
1692:
1687:
1682:
1677:
1672:
1667:
1662:
1657:
1652:
1647:
1645:Marine geology
1642:
1637:
1632:
1627:
1621:
1619:
1611:
1610:
1608:
1607:
1602:
1597:
1592:
1587:
1585:Passive margin
1582:
1580:Oceanic trench
1577:
1572:
1567:
1562:
1557:
1552:
1547:
1542:
1537:
1532:
1527:
1522:
1517:
1512:
1507:
1502:
1497:
1491:
1489:
1483:
1482:
1480:
1479:
1474:
1469:
1464:
1459:
1454:
1449:
1444:
1439:
1434:
1429:
1424:
1419:
1414:
1409:
1404:
1399:
1394:
1388:
1386:
1380:
1379:
1377:
1376:
1371:
1366:
1361:
1356:
1355:
1354:
1344:
1339:
1334:
1329:
1324:
1319:
1314:
1312:Ocean dynamics
1309:
1304:
1299:
1294:
1289:
1284:
1279:
1274:
1269:
1264:
1259:
1254:
1249:
1244:
1239:
1234:
1229:
1224:
1219:
1214:
1209:
1204:
1202:Coriolis force
1199:
1194:
1189:
1183:
1181:
1175:
1174:
1156:
1154:
1152:
1151:
1150:
1149:
1139:
1134:
1129:
1128:
1127:
1122:
1112:
1107:
1102:
1097:
1092:
1087:
1082:
1077:
1072:
1067:
1062:
1057:
1052:
1051:
1050:
1040:
1035:
1030:
1025:
1023:Stokes problem
1020:
1015:
1010:
1005:
1000:
995:
990:
985:
980:
975:
970:
965:
960:
958:Kinematic wave
955:
950:
945:
940:
935:
930:
925:
920:
915:
910:
905:
900:
895:
890:
885:
880:
875:
869:
867:
861:
860:
855:
853:
852:
845:
838:
830:
824:
823:
817:
808:
802:GLODAP website
797:
796:External links
794:
791:
790:
769:(5): 376–390.
756:
745:
714:(2): 325–340.
690:
659:(2): 297–323.
638:
589:
577:
569:
545:
512:
502:
485:
484:
482:
479:
478:
477:
472:
467:
462:
457:
452:
447:
442:
437:
431:
430:
414:
411:
408:
407:
397:
387:
376:
375:
365:
355:
328:
327:
317:
307:
296:
295:
290:
282:
272:
255:
252:
193:
185:
169:
161:
91:
88:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2142:
2131:
2128:
2126:
2123:
2121:
2118:
2116:
2113:
2111:
2108:
2106:
2103:
2102:
2100:
2085:
2080:
2075:
2073:
2065:
2063:
2055:
2054:
2051:
2045:
2042:
2040:
2037:
2035:
2032:
2030:
2027:
2025:
2022:
2020:
2017:
2015:
2012:
2010:
2007:
2005:
2002:
2000:
1997:
1993:
1990:
1989:
1988:
1985:
1983:
1980:
1978:
1975:
1973:
1970:
1968:
1965:
1963:
1960:
1958:
1955:
1953:
1950:
1948:
1945:
1943:
1940:
1938:
1935:
1933:
1932:Marine energy
1930:
1928:
1925:
1923:
1922:
1917:
1915:
1912:
1910:
1907:
1905:
1902:
1900:
1899:Acidification
1897:
1896:
1894:
1890:
1884:
1881:
1879:
1876:
1874:
1871:
1870:
1868:
1864:
1858:
1855:
1853:
1852:SOFAR channel
1850:
1848:
1845:
1843:
1840:
1838:
1835:
1834:
1832:
1830:
1826:
1820:
1817:
1815:
1812:
1810:
1807:
1805:
1802:
1800:
1797:
1795:
1792:
1790:
1787:
1786:
1784:
1782:
1778:
1772:
1769:
1767:
1764:
1762:
1759:
1757:
1754:
1752:
1749:
1747:
1744:
1742:
1739:
1737:
1734:
1732:
1729:
1727:
1724:
1723:
1721:
1717:
1711:
1708:
1706:
1703:
1701:
1698:
1696:
1693:
1691:
1688:
1686:
1683:
1681:
1678:
1676:
1673:
1671:
1668:
1666:
1663:
1661:
1660:Oceanic crust
1658:
1656:
1653:
1651:
1648:
1646:
1643:
1641:
1638:
1636:
1635:Fracture zone
1633:
1631:
1628:
1626:
1623:
1622:
1620:
1618:
1612:
1606:
1603:
1601:
1598:
1596:
1593:
1591:
1588:
1586:
1583:
1581:
1578:
1576:
1573:
1571:
1570:Oceanic basin
1568:
1566:
1563:
1561:
1558:
1556:
1553:
1551:
1548:
1546:
1543:
1541:
1538:
1536:
1533:
1531:
1528:
1526:
1523:
1521:
1518:
1516:
1513:
1511:
1508:
1506:
1503:
1501:
1500:Abyssal plain
1498:
1496:
1493:
1492:
1490:
1488:
1484:
1478:
1475:
1473:
1470:
1468:
1465:
1463:
1460:
1458:
1455:
1453:
1450:
1448:
1445:
1443:
1440:
1438:
1435:
1433:
1430:
1428:
1425:
1423:
1420:
1418:
1415:
1413:
1410:
1408:
1407:Internal tide
1405:
1403:
1400:
1398:
1395:
1393:
1390:
1389:
1387:
1385:
1381:
1375:
1372:
1370:
1367:
1365:
1362:
1360:
1357:
1353:
1350:
1349:
1348:
1345:
1343:
1340:
1338:
1335:
1333:
1330:
1328:
1325:
1323:
1320:
1318:
1315:
1313:
1310:
1308:
1305:
1303:
1302:Ocean current
1300:
1298:
1295:
1293:
1290:
1288:
1285:
1283:
1280:
1278:
1275:
1273:
1270:
1268:
1265:
1263:
1260:
1258:
1255:
1253:
1250:
1248:
1245:
1243:
1240:
1238:
1235:
1233:
1230:
1228:
1225:
1223:
1220:
1218:
1215:
1213:
1210:
1208:
1205:
1203:
1200:
1198:
1195:
1193:
1190:
1188:
1185:
1184:
1182:
1180:
1176:
1171:
1160:
1148:
1145:
1144:
1143:
1140:
1138:
1135:
1133:
1130:
1126:
1123:
1121:
1118:
1117:
1116:
1113:
1111:
1108:
1106:
1103:
1101:
1100:Wave shoaling
1098:
1096:
1093:
1091:
1088:
1086:
1083:
1081:
1078:
1076:
1073:
1071:
1068:
1066:
1063:
1061:
1060:Ursell number
1058:
1056:
1053:
1049:
1046:
1045:
1044:
1041:
1039:
1036:
1034:
1031:
1029:
1026:
1024:
1021:
1019:
1016:
1014:
1011:
1009:
1006:
1004:
1001:
999:
996:
994:
991:
989:
986:
984:
981:
979:
976:
974:
971:
969:
966:
964:
961:
959:
956:
954:
951:
949:
946:
944:
943:Internal wave
941:
939:
936:
934:
931:
929:
926:
924:
921:
919:
916:
914:
911:
909:
906:
904:
901:
899:
896:
894:
893:Breaking wave
891:
889:
886:
884:
881:
879:
876:
874:
871:
870:
868:
866:
862:
858:
851:
846:
844:
839:
837:
832:
831:
828:
821:
818:
816:
812:
809:
807:
803:
800:
799:
795:
785:
780:
776:
772:
768:
764:
760:
749:
746:
740:
735:
730:
725:
721:
717:
713:
709:
705:
697:
695:
691:
685:
680:
675:
670:
666:
662:
658:
654:
650:
642:
639:
634:
630:
625:
620:
616:
612:
608:
604:
600:
593:
590:
586:
583:
573:
570:
566:
562:
559:
555:
552:Raven, J. A.
549:
546:
542:
539:
536:
532:
529:
525:
519:
517:
513:
506:
503:
499:
496:
490:
487:
480:
476:
473:
471:
468:
466:
463:
461:
458:
456:
453:
451:
448:
446:
443:
441:
438:
436:
433:
432:
428:
427:Oceans portal
422:
417:
412:
402:
398:
392:
388:
382:
378:
377:
370:
366:
360:
356:
350:
346:
345:
342:
340:
336:
322:
318:
312:
308:
302:
298:
297:
287:
283:
277:
273:
267:
263:
262:
259:
253:
251:
249:
245:
241:
237:
233:
230:
227:
223:
219:
216:
212:
208:
204:
198:
191:
183:
179:
175:
167:
159:
154:
152:
148:
144:
143:Caribbean Sea
140:
136:
132:
129:
125:
121:
117:
113:
109:
105:
101:
97:
89:
87:
84:
80:
76:
71:
69:
65:
61:
57:
53:
49:
45:
41:
40:oceanographic
37:
33:
19:
2125:Oceanography
2039:Water column
1987:Oceanography
1962:Observations
1957:Explorations
1927:Marginal sea
1920:
1878:OSTM/Jason-2
1710:Volcanic arc
1685:Slab suction
1402:Head of tide
1292:Loop Current
1261:
1232:Ekman spiral
1018:Stokes drift
928:Gravity wave
903:Cnoidal wave
766:
762:
748:
739:10261/135584
711:
707:
684:10261/135582
656:
652:
641:
606:
602:
592:
584:
581:
572:
553:
548:
540:
537:
523:
505:
497:
494:
489:
331:
257:
199:
155:
139:Arctic Ocean
93:
72:
52:carbon cycle
35:
31:
29:
2029:Thermocline
1746:Mesopelagic
1719:Ocean zones
1690:Slab window
1555:Hydrography
1495:Abyssal fan
1462:Tidal range
1452:Tidal power
1447:Tidal force
1332:Rip current
1267:Gulf Stream
1227:Ekman layer
1217:Downwelling
1192:Baroclinity
1179:Circulation
1075:Wave height
1065:Wave action
1048:megatsunami
1028:Stokes wave
988:Rossby wave
953:Kelvin wave
933:Green's law
522:Orr, J. C.
178:deconvolute
48:World Ocean
44:climatology
2099:Categories
1967:Reanalysis
1866:Satellites
1847:Sofar bomb
1695:Subduction
1670:Ridge push
1565:Ocean bank
1545:Contourite
1472:Tide gauge
1457:Tidal race
1442:Tidal bore
1432:Slack tide
1397:Earth tide
1317:Ocean gyre
1137:Wind setup
1132:Wind fetch
1095:Wave setup
1090:Wave radar
1085:Wave power
983:Rogue wave
913:Dispersion
481:References
229:polymorphs
226:biomineral
203:normalised
190:water mass
158:industrial
100:alkalinity
66:, and the
1829:Acoustics
1781:Sea level
1680:Slab pull
1617:tectonics
1525:Cold seep
1487:Landforms
1364:Whirlpool
1359:Upwelling
1142:Wind wave
1070:Wave base
998:Sea state
918:Edge wave
908:Cross sea
587::809– 837
543:, 681–686
236:aragonite
222:carbonate
104:carbon-14
2062:Category
2014:Seawater
1741:Littoral
1736:Deep sea
1595:Seamount
1477:Tideline
1422:Rip tide
1352:shutdown
1322:Overflow
1055:Undertow
898:Clapotis
561:Archived
556:(2005).
531:Archived
526:(2005).
500:, GB4031
413:See also
131:seafloor
2072:Commons
1942:Mooring
1892:Related
1883:Jason-3
1873:Jason-1
1756:Pelagic
1751:Oceanic
1726:Benthic
1043:Tsunami
1013:Soliton
771:Bibcode
716:Bibcode
661:Bibcode
633:3468049
611:Bibcode
254:Gallery
232:calcite
128:abyssal
98:(DIC),
90:Dataset
46:of the
2110:Carbon
1761:Photic
1590:Seabed
1003:Seiche
763:Tellus
631:
554:et al.
538:Nature
524:et al.
339:volume
184:and CO
145:, the
141:, the
112:CFC-12
108:CFC-11
62:, the
36:GLODAP
18:GLODAP
1952:Ocean
1921:Alvin
1771:Swash
1615:Plate
1560:Knoll
1550:Guyot
1505:Atoll
1384:Tides
1147:model
1033:Swell
865:Waves
629:S2CID
609:(3).
106:(C),
1919:DSV
1904:Argo
1766:Surf
1222:Eddy
335:mass
234:and
213:and
166:sink
149:and
110:and
81:and
30:The
779:doi
767:58B
734:hdl
724:doi
679:hdl
669:doi
619:doi
541:437
50:'s
2101::
813:,
804:,
777:.
765:.
761:.
732:.
722:.
710:.
706:.
693:^
677:.
667:.
655:.
651:.
627:.
617:.
607:19
605:.
601:.
585:10
515:^
498:18
211:pH
153:.
102:,
77:,
70:.
849:e
842:t
835:v
787:.
781::
773::
757:2
742:.
736::
726::
718::
712:8
687:.
681::
671::
663::
657:8
635:.
621::
613::
578:2
510:m
291:2
194:2
186:2
170:2
162:2
34:(
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.