Galilee Basin - Knowledge (XXG)

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from the past 36 years shows values ranging from −2 °C to 44 °C. ‘Hot days’, with temperatures exceeding 35 °C, can be expected up to 74 to 101 days per year. ‘Frost days’ with screen temperatures below 2 °C can be expected up to 1.4 to 10.4 days per year. Relative humidity is highest in the mornings and during February, while the lowest is in the mid to late spring mornings and afternoons. The annual rainfall within the Galilee Basin ranges between 150 mm and 1,477 mm, with an average rainfall of between 492 mm and 610 mm depending on location. Rainfall in December through March accounts for approximately 65 per cent of annual mean rainfall. The wettest month on average is January and the driest month is May.

1159:(Betts Creek Beds & Colinlea Sandstone) outcrop on the eastern margin of the Galilee Basin. The coals are classified as high-volatile sub-bituminous to bituminous. Currently there are no coal mines in production. Coal mining leases and coal mining lease applications within the Galilee Basin are included in Table 3. The proposed coal mining leases have a combined footprint of approximately 1.38% of the entire Galilee Basin, dominantly encompassing underground mining opportunities. Coal mining leases within the Galilee Basin have near term open-cut and long-term underground resources. The Galilee Basin also has some limited potential for future development of coal seam gas resources. 1476:, controlled by Clive Palmer, owns thermal coal deposits in the Galilee Basin, which he claims amounts to around 100 billion tonnes of coal. However, this amount of coal resource is not substantiated by official figures. Palmer's proposed China First mine which is owned by Waratah Coal, would result in the destruction of Bimblebox Nature Refuge, which is part of Australia's National Reserve System and is listed as a conservation area of State Significance in Queensland. The reserve is co-owned local landowner Paola Cassoni who is adamant the endangered 901: 78: 1963: 2190: 1964:

http://www.adaniaustralia.com/wps/portal/businesses/carmichael-coal-mine-and-rail-project/!ut/p/z1/hY7NDoIwEISfhQPX7uIveqsJwSgxejBiL6aYWjCFklLg9W3Um6Jz251vJgMMUmAV7wrJbaErrtx9ZrPLepTEGISY4CoKkB5H8eIQ7YJ4O4HTP4A5GwdE0eXZExlo2IfzN_CjYwNMKp295tIqG4cSmBE3YYQhrXHv3Nq6WfroY9_3RGotlSBXXRLe-vgtlevGQvoBQ12meJ-qLqGe9wAOQ3MO/#environTab2

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framework for development of linear infrastructure to the Port of Abbot Point. The Galilee Basin SDA will enable a coordinated approach to developing a multi-user common rail corridor whilst minimising impacts on landholders and the environment. The SDA supports development both to the central and southern Galilee Basin.

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Galilee Basin coal quality indicates a premium-quality low sulphur and low ash thermal washed product. Further highlights of the coal quality include high ash fusion temperature, coupled with the low chlorine which reduces the slagging potential of the ash, whilst the excellent fuel ratios allows for

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There are numerous suggestions of the origin of the Galilee Basin. Vine (1976) proposed downwarping, however Evans (1980) have suggested pull-apart basin related to shearing. Jackson et al. (1981) has suggested the basin was created from the reactivation of basement faults and downwarping. De Caritat

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may also discharge to surface as springs or where hydrogeological conditions are favourable, discharge to major rivers. Water extraction and water budgets are detailed in the Great Artesian Water Resource Plan (2006), covering most of the Galilee subregion. This plan is unique in that it only applies

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locally per unit area and degree of species sharing amongst rivers and residual waterholes. The ecology of rockholes (shallow depressions that collect local rainwater) and outcrop springs (springs of water that has percolated through rock layers in the immediately surrounding area) is poorly studied,

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The climate of the Galilee Basin is generally hot and dry throughout, becoming more extreme towards the west. Monthly mean temperatures show daytime summer temperatures are mostly in the mid-30s °C with winter overnight temperatures most commonly between 5 and 12 °C. The temperature records

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must be protected.In 2022 Queensland land court President Fleur Kingham ruled that the project should not go ahead because of its impact on climate change, its broader environmental effects, and its erosion of human rights. This was in response to a case brought by a First Nations-led group called

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The Galilee Basin has 48 currently granted mining leases, comprising a total area of 19.30 square kilometres (7.45 sq mi). All current mining leases within the basin are associated with small-scale mining operations for barite, bentonite, calcite, gypsum; limestone, opals; phosphate and

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announced the discovery of 4,400 million tonnes of coal in the basin. Geoscience Australia reports 15 mineral deposits within the Galilee Basin which include; Kevins Corner, Pentland, Alpha (Hancock), Alpha North, South Alpha, Galilee (Liberty), South Galilee, Carmichael, Pentland (United),

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Initiation of coal mining within the Galilee Basin requires substantial capital expenditure on rail and port expansion. The Queensland Government declared the Galilee Basin State Development Area (SDA) in June 2014, supporting the development of the Galilee Basin in providing a robust statutory

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with a grassy understorey, and (iii) cleared, non-native vegetation. Other vegetation subgroups occur with lower frequency and form a complex mosaic that gradually changes from north-east to south-west across the Galilee Basin. The woody components of these vegetation types have been subject to

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there were less than 20,000 residents in the Galilee Basin region (<12 people per 1 km). The estimated residential population of the Galilee Basin region has decreased by −0.7% from 2001 to 2015. Rural towns and their respective populations within the Galilee Basin is provided Table 1.

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The Galilee Basin has a diversity of ecological communities and species as a consequence of the interactions between its large area, several biologically significant climatic gradients, the biogeographic effects of eight river basins, and the importance of landscape form driving water and soil

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Exploration for coal seam gas is in early stages, and targets the thick coal seams of the Permian Betts Creek Beds, with a secondary target being the Aramac Coal Measures. Coal seam gas was generated by thermogenic processes when maximum burial depths of ~2 km were achieved in the Late

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of the species that occur within aquifers below ground level (stygobiota). However, discharge springs (springs of water that had percolated through rock layers over long distances and from which water emanates under pressure) are better studied, and numerous locally endemic species of

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are expected to be the export point for coal sourced from the Galilee Basin. The Abbot Point Port includes the North Queensland Export Terminal, the most northerly deep-water coal port of Australia, situated approximately 25 kilometres (16 mi) north-west of the township of

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redistribution in semi-arid environments of inland Australia. This diversity is expressed through the presence of 31 subregions of the Interim Biogeographic Regionalisation for Australia and 46 major vegetation subgroups of the National Vegetation Information System.

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reactivated older faults from underlying basins. According to I'Anson et al. (2017), total subsidence of ~2 km from the Carboniferous to the Late Cretaceous in the Galilee Basin was punctuated by two major exhumation events in the Triassic and Cretaceous.

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is a low-level occupation category within the subregion at 1.3% but this may increase during the constructional and/or operational phases of projected coal mining and coal seam gas extraction developments, with possible impacts on other employment categories.

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and its associated rail link to the coast. The A$ 16.5 billion project was expected initially to create the largest coal mine in Australia and one of the largest in the world, however was scaled back significantly to just 10mtpa.

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Waschbusch, P., Korsch, R.J. and Beaumont, C. 2009. Geodynamic modelling of aspects of the Bowen, Gunnedah, Surat and Eromanga Basins from the perspective of convergent margin processes. Australian Journal of Earth Sciences, Pages

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De Caritat, P. & Braun, J. 1982. Cyclic development of sedimentary basins at convergent plate margins -1. Structural and tectono-thermal evoluation of some Gondwana basins of eastern Australia. Journal of Geodynamics 16, 241 –

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Cretaceous as well as secondary biogenic gas generation following uplift. The challenges to a viable gas project in the Galilee Basin include low gas saturations, distance to market and large volumes of produced water.

214:. The Galilee Basin overlies all three Queensland Mining Regions "northern, central and southern". Pastoral grazing is by far the most frequent land use (greater than 95%) and conservation reserves occupy around 3%. 1822:

Scott, S.G., Beeston, J,W., Carr, A.F., 1995, Galilee Basin. In: Ward CR, Harrington HJ, Mallett CW and Beeston JW (eds) Geology of Australian Coal Basins. Geological Society of Australia – Coal Geology Group. 1,

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potassium. The Galilee Basin has an active petroleum production lease ‘PL65’ held by Australian Gasfields Ltd. The Galilee Basin has 183 active quarry operations that have a combined area of 94 square kilometres.

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Vine, R., 1976, Galilee Basin. In: R. B. Leslie, H. J. Evans, and C. L. Knight, eds., Economic Geology of Australia and Papua New Guinea, Australas, Inst. Min. Metal. AIMM Monograph Series vol. 7 (1976), pp.

1720:). North Queensland Export Terminal has been operating for 35 years, safely, responsibly and efficiently exporting coal, however the port's location has been considered controversial as it is so close to the 2882: 1832:

Stephen Parsons, Rick Evans, Malcolm Cox, Aquifer connectivity within the Great Artesian Basin, and the Surat, Bowen and Galilee Basins. Independent Expert Scientific Committee on Coal Seam Gas and Coal

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Financial analysts doubted the project was viable but the company self-financed the $ 2bn project in 2018. It struck first coal in June 2021 and is expected to start production at the end of the year.

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is high quality thermal coal, with a weighted average value of 4,301–4,600 kcal/kg. It is more efficient than typical Indian or Indonesian coal. Its product specification is 5600Kcal and 11% ash.

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to the north-west. This geographic complexity ensures that the Galilee Basin spans a number of physiographic regions with a relatively complex pattern in the eastern highlands and headwaters.

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Evans, P.R., 1980, Geology of the Galilee Basin. In: R. A. Henerson and P. J. Stephenson, eds., The Geology and Geophysics of Northeastern Australia, Geolog. Soc. Aust. (1980), pp. 299–305.

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that are also potentially water dependent occupy a further 15.5% of the area. Most of the Galilee Basin is within the Desert Channels natural resource management (NRM) region. In the 2011

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to the east and north-east into the headwaters of the Fitzroy river basin and Burdekin river basin. It also includes two nationally important wetlands, Lake Buchanan and Lake Galilee.

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The Galilee Basin contains deposits of thermal coal and has been described as Australia's newest mining province. There are currently no operating coal mines in the Galilee Basin.

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Phillips, L., Esterle, J. & Sliwa, R., 2015, Rationalising the Late Permian coal seam stratigraphy of the Koburra Trough, Galilee Basin. Bowen Basin Symposium 2015, p219 – 226.

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productivity. The annual rate of clearance has declined since 2005. Pasture components are reported to have stable condition, except for a recent decline in the north-east corner.

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A proposal for a coal-fired power station in the area has been placed on hold. Water supply for mines in the basin was once provided as a reason supporting the development of the

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efficient combustion and low carbon in ash. Galilee Basin coals are substantially lower in trace elements when compared to domestic and international averages. Analysis of the CO

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resources is also being conducted. In 1981, the Queensland Department of Mines estimated that demonstrated resources reached 800 million tonnes near Alpha alone. In 2008,

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of the northern, eastern and southern regions of the Galilee Basin is provided within "the Hydrostratigraphic sequence of the Cenozoic, the Eromanga Basin and Galilee Basin".

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Adani Carmichael coal mine and rail project Environmental Impact Study, Chapter 3 ‘Climate, Natural Hazards and Climate Change’under mine chapters, viewed 24 November 2016,

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and the adjacent eastern highlands. The basin also extends into the upper coastward Burdekin river basin and Fitzroy river basin to the north-east and east and the

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Queensland Government Land Use Mapping Program www.qld.gov.au/environment/land/vegetation/mapping/qlump-datasets Current Land use map for Queensland (PDF, 9.78MB)

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to the east, which initiated the later development of the basin. Waschbusch et al. (2009) suggested the basin formed as a response to platform tilting caused by

1467:. The mine is intended to export 30 million tonnes of thermal coal annually from 2015. One thousand employees will be needed once the mine is operational. 474:

and health and social service care (19.8%). This is followed by five categories including retail trade; construction; education and training (schools mostly);

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of both discharge springs and stygobiota is understood to depend on relatively stable water regimes, compared with the highly intermittent character of other

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Saul, G., Spargo, S., Skinner, M., Biggs, N., Hansen, H. and Coulls, R. 2015. The geology of the Hyde Park Coal Project, Bowen Basin Symposium 2015, p. 244.

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Jackson, K.S., Horvath, Z. and Hawkins, P.J. 1981. An assessment of the petroleum prospects for the Galilee Basin, Queensland. APEA Journal 21, 172–186.

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Australian Bureau of Statistics (25 October 2007). "Torrens Creek (Flinders Shire) (State Suburb)". 2006 Census QuickStats. Retrieved 21 November 2016.

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in 1900 are still active. There are no data on impacts of agricultural drawdown on stygobiota. Discharge springs have also been subject to invasion by

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to the east. The Galilee Basin covers a total area of approximately 247,000 square kilometres (95,000 sq mi). The basin is underlain by the

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Australian Bureau of Statistics (25 October 2007). "Muttaburra (Aramac Shire) (State Suburb)". 2006 Census QuickStats. Retrieved 21 November 2016.

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Australian Bureau of Statistics (25 October 2007). "Middleton (Winton Shire) (State Suburb)". 2006 Census QuickStats. Retrieved 21 November 2016.

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The mine is expected to export 40 million tonnes of coal a year and according to Palmer will proceed even though one of the original supporters,

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As rivers and streams are all intermittent, the durations of flow and non-flow periods, and the depth of water, together determine the number of

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Australian Bureau of Statistics (31 October 2012). "Jericho (Jericho Shire) (State Suburb)". 2011 Census QuickStats. Retrieved 21 November 2016.

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Australian Bureau of Statistics (25 October 2007). "Augathella (L) (Urban Centre/Locality)". 2006 Census QuickStats. Retrieved 21 November 2016.

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Australian Bureau of Statistics (25 October 2007). "Adavale (Quilpie Shire) (State Suburb)". 2006 Census QuickStats. Retrieved 21 November 2013.

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Australian Bureau of Statistics (25 October 2007). "Tambo (L) (Urban Centre/Locality)". 2006 Census QuickStats. Retrieved 21 November 2016.

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Australian Bureau of Statistics (31 October 2012). "Hughenden (Urban Centre/Locality)". 2011 Census QuickStats. Retrieved 21 November 2016.

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are utilised as a water supply across much the Galilee subregion and importantly form a significant part of the recharge zone. Some

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and encompasses the headwaters of seven major river basins. The Thompson river and Barcoo river of the Cooper Creek system, the

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https://www.aurizon.com.au/~/media/aurizon/files/sustainability/sustainability%20reports/fy2014%20sustainability%20report.ashx

3074: 3069: 3044: 2521: 159: 2626: 3079: 2212:"Burial and exhumation history of the Galilee Basin, Australia: Implications for unconventional hydrocarbon prospectivity" 2049:

Australian Bureau of Statistics (31 October 2012). "Charleville (SSC)". 2011 Census QuickStats. Retrieved 21 November 2016

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Australian Bureau of Statistics (31 October 2012). "Richmond (UCL)". 2011 Census QuickStats. Retrieved 21 November 2016.

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Australian Bureau of Statistics (31 October 2012). "Blackall (SSC)". 2011 Census QuickStats. Retrieved 21 November 2016.

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and connected sub-artesian water of the Great Artesian Basin, and does not include management plans for surface water.

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Australian Bureau of Statistics (31 October 2012). "Barcaldine". 2011 Census QuickStats. Retrieved 21 November 2016.

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emissions indicates a competitive product when compared against international benchmarks, producing 1.1 tonnes of CO

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Galilee Basin State Development area, Department of State Development, Queensland, viewed on 22 November 2016.

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MyMinesOnline Maps 3.6.0, Queensland Government, Latitude Geographics Group Ltd., 2015, viewed 21 November 2016,

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Australian Bureau of Statistics (31 October 2012). "Aramac". 2011 Census QuickStats. Retrieved 21 November 2016.

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Australian Bureau of Statistics (28 March 2013). "Alpha". 2011 Census QuickStats. Retrieved 21 November 2016.

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corner flow. A review from Stewart (2011) identified an additional theory that the Galilee Basin began when

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restricted to the south-eastern corner and no coastal connection for fishery, this category is dominated by

307: 2725: 745:(Jochmus Fm), and was followed by east–west contraction (Cattle Creek Event) that produced the Mid-Permian 287: 151: 1928: 2243: 2184:

Stewart, A.J., 2011, Galilee Basin, Australian Government Geoscience Australia. Viewed 18 November 2016

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Hughenden, White Mountain (Clyde Park), Yellow Jacket, South Pentland, Milray, Hyde Park Coal Project.

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and Lake Galilee also as a seasonal/intermittent saline lake and as a seasonal/intermittent freshwater

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claims covering large portions of the basin and a number of Indigenous Land Use Agreements in place.

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Queensland Regional Profiles, Queensland Government Statistician’s Office, viewed 22 November 2016.

885:) in NE; and Powell Depression (>1700 m of Early Permian – Middle Triassic strata) in the south. 849:

The Nebine Ridge and Springsure Shelf are structural highs that separate the Galilee Basin from the

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The Galilee Basin spans elements of the upper Lake Eyre drainage catchment, Bulloo river basin and

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Inter-basin Water Transfer: Case Studies from Australia, United States, Canada, China, and India

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http://statedevelopment.qld.gov.au/coordinator-general/galilee-basin-state-development-area.html

2604: 2980: 2946: 2754:. Department of Sustainability, Environment, Water, Population and Communities. Archived from 2350: 2231: 2210:

I'Anson, Amy; Heine, Christian, Ian Deighton , R. Dietmar Müller , Adriana Dutkiewicz (2017).

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Bioregional Assessment for the Galilee Basin, Australian Government, viewed 22 November 2016,

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Hancock is also hoping to develop the Kevin's Corner coal mine adjacent to the Alpha project.

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https://minesonlinemaps.business.qld.gov.au/SilverlightViewer/Viewer.html?Viewer=momapspublic

2223: 1737: 1113: 689: 612: 471: 179: 163: 155: 24: 77: 2886: 2833: 2678: 1984: 1489: 1091: 1081: 1067: 1053: 1039: 874: 838: 830: 777: 693: 677: 191: 187: 110:, with Lake Buchanan described as both a seasonal/intermittent saline lake and a seasonal 36: 1077: 1063: 1049: 1035: 781: 770: 758: 648: 616: 527:

clearance over 16% of the Galilee Basin, mainly to the east, with the aim of improving

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groups in four separate language regions—Eyre, Gulf, Northeast and Riverine. There are

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per Megawatt hour of electricity generated. This is on a par with some other high-

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Minerals Yearbook, 2008, V. 3, Area Reports, International, Asia and the Pacific

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This article contains quotations from this source, which is available under an

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Coal mining leases and coal mining lease applications within the Galilee Basin

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of national significance occupy 0.3% of the area of the Galilee subregion, and

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units. The basin has three main depocentres: Lovelle Depression (>730 m of

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is expected to start production of thermal coal in late 2021. Exploration of

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to the south west. The Galilee Basin contains up to 3000m of siliciclastics,

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to the south east. The Canaway Ridge separates the Galilee Basin from the

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Australian Government Bureau of Meteorology, viewed 17 November 2016,

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http://www.bioregionalassessments.gov.au/assessments/galilee-subregion

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The geological units within the Galilee Basin are outlined below. A

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Barlow, political reporter Karen; Smail, Stephanie (29 July 2014).

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http://www.ga.gov.au/provexplorer/provinceDetails.do?eno=550790

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Note: ar – as received; ad – air dried; gar – gross as received

442:-related activities. The dominant occupation (32.5%) is in the 2726:"Waratah Coal project at risk because of threatened rare bird" 2573:

Megan Hendry, Chrissy Arthur and Francis Tapim (30 May 2012).

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In May 2012, the Government of Queensland granted approval to

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Galilee Basin coal mining leases & mining applications

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The Galilee Basin includes aquifers that are a part of the

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region of Australia. The Galilee Basin is part of a larger

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in the south-east. The subregion also extends across the

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http://statistics.qgso.qld.gov.au/qld-regional-profiles

2575:"Government begins talks for Galilee coal rail line" 2548:"Federal fury at coalmine 'hypocrisy' in Queensland" 2321:. Australian Bureau of Statistics. 1982. p. 402 134:

The Galilee Basin covers 14 local government areas;

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of the Galilee Basin form the basal sequence of the

2654:"Meet Clive Palmer: Busy one day, frantic the next" 2854:GVK Hancock Coal website, viewed 22 November 2016 2522:"Bravus breaks first coal milestone at Carmichael" 696:extension (Jericho and Denison events) during the 403:of the Galilee Basin is complex, with at least 12 106:within the Galilee Basin are classified as inland 2439:"Carmichael Mine | Bravus Mining & Resources" 718:, but later expanded to other depocentres during 567:in the region. As a result of water drawdown for 2398: 2396: 2394: 2381: 2379: 2377: 2375: 2373: 2878:Aurizon beyond 2020 sustainability report 2014 2803:Washington, Stuart; Allard, Tom (10 May 2012). 2443:Carmichael Mine | Bravus Mining & Resources 1804: 1802: 1800: 1798: 2180: 2178: 2176: 2174: 2172: 2170: 2168: 2166: 466:production. The second highest occupation is 8: 2732:. Central Queensland News Publishing Company 2349:. Government Printing Office. p. 3.10. 2248:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 1492:, standard gauge railway and port facility. 2945:. Cambridge University Press. p. 132. 2868:http://www.southgalilee.com.au/Default.aspx 2752:"Terrestrial Protected Areas of Queensland" 1818: 1816: 1814: 2856:http://gvkhancockcoal.com/our-assets/alpha 1958: 1956: 1954: 1952: 1950: 1948: 1923: 1921: 1919: 1917: 1915: 1913: 1911: 1909: 1907: 1905: 1903: 1901: 1899: 1897: 1895: 1893: 1891: 1889: 1887: 1885: 1883: 1881: 1879: 1877: 1875: 1873: 1871: 1869: 1867: 1865: 1863: 1861: 1859: 668:of the Anakie Inlier, creating a flexural 232: 16:Sedimentary basin in Queensland, Australia 1857: 1855: 1853: 1851: 1849: 1847: 1845: 1843: 1841: 1839: 2896: 2894: 2777:Bell-James, Justine (19 December 2022). 2719: 2717: 2679:"Australian Story - extended transcript" 1748:In the south-east of the basin lies the 1524:Galilee Basin Late Permian coal quality 1522: 1169: 907: 780:(Clematis Event) produced a wide spread 2939:Ghassemi, Fereidoun; Ian White (2007). 1794: 877:) in NW; Koburra Trough (>2800 m of 845:Geological structures & depocentres 2866:AMCI website, viewed 22 November 2016 2241: 753:(Aldebaran and Bellata events) in the 2707:Australian Energy Resource Assessment 2581:. Australian Broadcasting Corporation 2205: 2203: 2195:Attribution 4.0 International license 817:comprising the basal sequence of the 7: 2710:. Geoscience Australia. p. 143. 1694:Galilee Basin State Development Area 1513:Australian and South African coals. 2979:. Geological Society. p. 454. 2520:Zakharia, Nickolas (25 June 2021). 234:Galilee Basin township populations 51:Drummond Basin and overlain by the 2652:Nassim Khadem (30 November 2011). 1941:http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/data 1155:Large deposits of Permian thermal 904:Coal seams of the Betts Creek Beds 14: 2783:The Commons Social Change Library 3060:Coal mining regions in Australia 2318:Year Book Australia, 1982 No. 66 2188: 607:The Galilee Basin straddles the 3055:Sedimentary basins of Australia 2627:"Magnate's company paid no tax" 1648:Calorific Value (kcal/kg) (gar) 909:Galilee Basin geological units 39:basin system that contains the 2832:. Waratah Coal. Archived from 2724:Andrew Beard (19 April 2013). 2633:. Fairfax Media. 12 April 2012 2603:. Hancock Coal. Archived from 1420:The most advanced proposal is 825:ended during the Mid Triassic 478:, postal and warehousing; and 1: 2914:"Galilee Basin Power Station" 2704:Geoscience Australia (2010). 1106:Bravus Mining & Resources 776:across the basin. Subsequent 603:Surface water and groundwater 81:Location of the Galilee Basin 1665:Hardgrove Grindability Index 1422:Bravus Mining and Resource's 711:was initially restricted to 672:depression, followed in the 660:& Braun (1982) proposed 426:(mostly rangeland grazing), 1752:. Small assemblages of the 3096: 2973:Lucas, Spencer G. (2010). 2830:"China First Coal Project" 2546:David Wroe (2 June 2012). 1726:UNESCO world heritage site 1538:South Galilee Coal Project 1247:SOUTH GALILEE COAL PROJECT 741:were deposited during the 583:plants and disturbance by 556:have been identified. The 3050:Coal mining in Queensland 2809:The Sydney Morning Herald 2685:. abc.net.au. 22 May 2012 2552:The Sydney Morning Herald 2295:Proactiveinvestors.com.au 2222:(20, 170, 615): 483–507. 1703:Abbot Point coal terminal 1363:MACMINES AUSTASIA PTY LTD 1346:MACMINES AUSTASIA PTY LTD 1329:MACMINES AUSTASIA PTY LTD 1312:MACMINES AUSTASIA PTY LTD 1295:MACMINES AUSTASIA PTY LTD 422:in the Galilee Basin are 2885:29 November 2016 at the 2341:Geological Survey (U.S.) 2289:Bevis Yeo (7 May 2012). 2228:10.1306/0608171609417067 1563:Inherent Moisture (% ad) 1433:Minister for Environment 1400:CHINA FIRST COAL PROJECT 1383:NORTH ALPHA MINING LEASE 3065:Central West Queensland 1541:Hyde Park Coal Project 1516:Coal produced from the 1278:HANCOCK GALILEE PTY LTD 619:in the north-west, the 510:NVIS subgroups are (i) 454:category. With limited 2976:The Triassic Timescale 1764:age, have been found. 1597:Volatile Matter (% ad) 1176:Authorised Holder Name 922:Lake Galilee Sandstone 905: 837:formed antiforms over 623:in the south, and the 82: 3075:South West Queensland 3070:North West Queensland 3045:Geology of Queensland 2683:Australian Story, ABC 2297:. Proactive Investors 1774:Geology of Queensland 1546:Total Moisture (% ar) 1088:Moolayember Formation 903: 895:stratigraphic section 761:generated widespread 80: 3080:Energy in Queensland 1784:Carmichael coal mine 1732:Other infrastructure 1614:Total Sulphur (% ad) 1518:Carmichael coal mine 1478:black-throated finch 1441:Carmichael coal mine 1439:'s proposal for the 1425:Carmichael coal mine 1416:Carmichael coal mine 1397:WARATAH COAL PTY LTD 1380:WARATAH COAL PTY LTD 1261:HANCOCK COAL PTY LTD 1227:ADANI MINING PTY LTD 1210:ADANI MINING PTY LTD 1193:ADANI MINING PTY LTD 962:Aramac Coal Measures 827:Hunter-Bowen Orogeny 819:Great Artesian Basin 787:and was followed by 765:siliciclastics with 636:Great Artesian Basin 629:Great Dividing Range 609:Great Dividing Range 577:Great Artesian Basin 92:Murray–Darling Basin 72:Great Artesian Basin 3017: / 2494:Hepburn, Samantha. 1779:Mining in Australia 1707:Port facilities at 1525: 1172: 910: 514:(Astrebla) tussock 468:government services 428:government services 420:economic activities 235: 96:Gulf of Carpentaria 3021:22.000°S 146.000°E 2758:on 14 January 2013 2475:. 12 November 2014 1722:Great Barrier Reef 1523: 1465:Alpha Coal Project 1244:ALPHA COAL PTY LTD 1170: 1163:Coal mining leases 1133:Unconventional gas 1022:Bandanna Formation 1002:Peawaddy Formation 982:Colinlea Sandstone 936:Late Carboniferous 926:Late Carboniferous 908: 906: 881:– Middle Triassic 879:Late Carboniferous 751:Thermal subsidence 749:across the basin. 737:and volcanolithic 698:Late Carboniferous 662:Late Carboniferous 424:primary production 233: 86:Physical geography 83: 23:is a large inland 2526:Australian Mining 1681: 1680: 1463:to construct the 1431:, the Australian 1413: 1412: 1097: 1096: 1012:Black Alley Shale 942:Jochmus Formation 932:Jericho Formation 470:, which includes 394: 393: 148:Central Highlands 3087: 3032: 3031: 3029: 3028: 3027: 3026:-22.000; 146.000 3022: 3018: 3015: 3014: 3013: 3010: 2998: 2997: 2995: 2993: 2970: 2964: 2963: 2961: 2959: 2936: 2930: 2929: 2927: 2925: 2920:on 29 April 2012 2910: 2904: 2898: 2889: 2876: 2870: 2864: 2858: 2852: 2846: 2845: 2843: 2841: 2826: 2820: 2819: 2817: 2815: 2800: 2794: 2793: 2791: 2789: 2774: 2768: 2767: 2765: 2763: 2748: 2742: 2741: 2739: 2737: 2721: 2712: 2711: 2701: 2695: 2694: 2692: 2690: 2675: 2669: 2668: 2666: 2664: 2649: 2643: 2642: 2640: 2638: 2623: 2617: 2616: 2614: 2612: 2601:"Kevin's Corner" 2597: 2591: 2590: 2588: 2586: 2570: 2564: 2563: 2561: 2559: 2543: 2537: 2536: 2534: 2532: 2517: 2511: 2510: 2508: 2506: 2500:The Conversation 2491: 2485: 2484: 2482: 2480: 2465: 2459: 2458: 2456: 2454: 2449:on 25 March 2022 2445:. 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In July 2014, 1230:CARMICHAEL NORTH 1173: 1114:conventional oil 1100:Economic geology 1074:Warang Sandstone 992:Betts Creek beds 911: 613:Diamantina River 503:The most common 472:local government 236: 74:drainage basin. 25:geological basin 3095: 3094: 3090: 3089: 3088: 3086: 3085: 3084: 3035: 3034: 3025: 3023: 3019: 3016: 3011: 3008: 3006: 3004: 3003: 3001: 2991: 2989: 2987: 2972: 2971: 2967: 2957: 2955: 2953: 2938: 2937: 2933: 2923: 2921: 2912: 2911: 2907: 2899: 2892: 2887:Wayback Machine 2877: 2873: 2865: 2861: 2853: 2849: 2839: 2837: 2828: 2827: 2823: 2813: 2811: 2802: 2801: 2797: 2787: 2785: 2776: 2775: 2771: 2761: 2759: 2750: 2749: 2745: 2735: 2733: 2723: 2722: 2715: 2703: 2702: 2698: 2688: 2686: 2677: 2676: 2672: 2662: 2660: 2651: 2650: 2646: 2636: 2634: 2625: 2624: 2620: 2610: 2608: 2599: 2598: 2594: 2584: 2582: 2572: 2571: 2567: 2557: 2555: 2554:. Fairfax Media 2545: 2544: 2540: 2530: 2528: 2519: 2518: 2514: 2504: 2502: 2493: 2492: 2488: 2478: 2476: 2467: 2466: 2462: 2452: 2450: 2437: 2436: 2432: 2422: 2420: 2411: 2410: 2406: 2401: 2392: 2384: 2371: 2361: 2359: 2357: 2339: 2338: 2334: 2324: 2322: 2315: 2314: 2310: 2300: 2298: 2288: 2287: 2283: 2273: 2271: 2262: 2261: 2257: 2240: 2209: 2208: 2201: 2183: 2164: 2158: 2154: 2148: 2144: 2139: 2135: 2130: 2126: 2120: 2116: 2111: 2107: 2102: 2098: 2093: 2089: 2084: 2080: 2075: 2071: 2066: 2062: 2057: 2053: 2048: 2044: 2039: 2035: 2030: 2026: 2021: 2017: 2012: 2008: 2003: 1999: 1994: 1990: 1982: 1978: 1973: 1969: 1961: 1946: 1938: 1934: 1926: 1837: 1831: 1827: 1821: 1812: 1807: 1796: 1792: 1770: 1750:Rewan Formation 1746: 1734: 1705: 1696: 1691: 1508: 1504: 1498: 1481:Youth Verdict. 1453: 1418: 1213:CARMICHAEL EAST 1165: 1153: 1144: 1135: 1102: 1092:Middle Triassic 1082:Middle Triassic 1068:Middle Triassic 1054:Middle Triassic 1040:Middle Triassic 1032:Rewan Formation 914:Geological Unit 891: 875:Middle Triassic 847: 831:Late Cretaceous 657: 605: 497: 192:Charters Towers 152:Charters Towers 132: 130:Human geography 88: 27:in the western 17: 12: 11: 5: 3093: 3091: 3083: 3082: 3077: 3072: 3067: 3062: 3057: 3052: 3047: 3037: 3036: 3000: 2999: 2986:978-1862392960 2985: 2965: 2952:978-0521869690 2951: 2931: 2905: 2890: 2871: 2859: 2847: 2836:on 13 May 2012 2821: 2795: 2769: 2743: 2713: 2696: 2670: 2644: 2631:Brisbane Times 2618: 2607:on 1 July 2012 2592: 2565: 2538: 2512: 2486: 2460: 2430: 2404: 2390: 2369: 2356:978-1411329645 2355: 2332: 2308: 2281: 2270:. 24 June 2021 2268:www.abc.net.au 2255: 2199: 2162: 2152: 2142: 2133: 2124: 2114: 2105: 2096: 2087: 2078: 2069: 2060: 2051: 2042: 2033: 2024: 2015: 2006: 1997: 1988: 1976: 1967: 1944: 1932: 1835: 1825: 1810: 1793: 1791: 1788: 1787: 1786: 1781: 1776: 1769: 1766: 1745: 1742: 1733: 1730: 1704: 1701: 1695: 1692: 1690: 1689:Infrastructure 1687: 1679: 1678: 1675: 1672: 1669: 1666: 1662: 1661: 1658: 1655: 1652: 1649: 1645: 1644: 1641: 1638: 1635: 1632: 1628: 1627: 1624: 1621: 1618: 1615: 1611: 1610: 1607: 1604: 1601: 1598: 1594: 1593: 1590: 1587: 1584: 1581: 1577: 1576: 1573: 1570: 1567: 1564: 1560: 1559: 1556: 1553: 1550: 1547: 1543: 1542: 1539: 1536: 1535:Kevin's Corner 1533: 1530: 1506: 1502: 1497: 1494: 1452: 1451:Other projects 1449: 1417: 1414: 1411: 1410: 1407: 1404: 1401: 1398: 1394: 1393: 1390: 1387: 1384: 1381: 1377: 1376: 1373: 1370: 1367: 1364: 1360: 1359: 1356: 1353: 1350: 1347: 1343: 1342: 1339: 1336: 1333: 1330: 1326: 1325: 1322: 1319: 1316: 1313: 1309: 1308: 1305: 1302: 1299: 1296: 1292: 1291: 1288: 1285: 1282: 1281:KEVIN'S CORNER 1279: 1275: 1274: 1271: 1268: 1265: 1262: 1258: 1257: 1254: 1251: 1248: 1245: 1241: 1240: 1237: 1234: 1231: 1228: 1224: 1223: 1220: 1217: 1214: 1211: 1207: 1206: 1203: 1200: 1197: 1194: 1190: 1189: 1186: 1183: 1180: 1177: 1164: 1161: 1152: 1149: 1143: 1142:Current mining 1140: 1134: 1131: 1101: 1098: 1095: 1094: 1089: 1085: 1084: 1078:Early Triassic 1075: 1071: 1070: 1064:Early Triassic 1061: 1060:Clematis Group 1057: 1056: 1050:Early Triassic 1047: 1043: 1042: 1036:Early Triassic 1033: 1029: 1028: 1023: 1019: 1018: 1013: 1009: 1008: 1003: 999: 998: 993: 989: 988: 983: 979: 978: 973: 969: 968: 963: 959: 958: 953: 952:Boonderoo beds 949: 948: 943: 939: 938: 933: 929: 928: 923: 919: 918: 915: 890: 887: 846: 843: 841:in the basin. 782:Lower Triassic 759:Early Triassic 664:compressional 656: 653: 649:artesian water 638:. These large 617:Flinders River 604: 601: 512:Mitchell grass 496: 493: 392: 391: 388: 384: 383: 380: 374: 373: 370: 364: 363: 360: 354: 353: 350: 344: 343: 340: 334: 333: 330: 324: 323: 320: 314: 313: 310: 304: 303: 300: 294: 293: 290: 284: 283: 280: 274: 273: 270: 264: 263: 260: 254: 253: 250: 244: 243: 240: 144:Blackall-Tambo 131: 128: 87: 84: 60:Eromanga Basin 15: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 3092: 3081: 3078: 3076: 3073: 3071: 3068: 3066: 3063: 3061: 3058: 3056: 3053: 3051: 3048: 3046: 3043: 3042: 3040: 3033: 3030: 2988: 2982: 2978: 2977: 2969: 2966: 2954: 2948: 2944: 2943: 2935: 2932: 2919: 2915: 2909: 2906: 2903: 2897: 2895: 2891: 2888: 2884: 2881: 2875: 2872: 2869: 2863: 2860: 2857: 2851: 2848: 2835: 2831: 2825: 2822: 2810: 2806: 2799: 2796: 2784: 2780: 2773: 2770: 2757: 2753: 2747: 2744: 2731: 2727: 2720: 2718: 2714: 2709: 2708: 2700: 2697: 2684: 2680: 2674: 2671: 2659: 2655: 2648: 2645: 2632: 2628: 2622: 2619: 2606: 2602: 2596: 2593: 2580: 2576: 2569: 2566: 2553: 2549: 2542: 2539: 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1858: 1856: 1854: 1852: 1850: 1848: 1846: 1844: 1842: 1840: 1836: 1829: 1826: 1819: 1817: 1815: 1811: 1805: 1803: 1801: 1799: 1795: 1789: 1785: 1782: 1780: 1777: 1775: 1772: 1771: 1767: 1765: 1763: 1759: 1755: 1751: 1743: 1741: 1739: 1731: 1729: 1727: 1723: 1719: 1715: 1710: 1702: 1700: 1693: 1688: 1686: 1685: 1676: 1673: 1670: 1667: 1664: 1663: 1659: 1656: 1653: 1650: 1647: 1646: 1642: 1639: 1636: 1633: 1630: 1629: 1625: 1622: 1619: 1616: 1613: 1612: 1608: 1605: 1602: 1599: 1596: 1595: 1591: 1588: 1585: 1582: 1579: 1578: 1574: 1571: 1568: 1565: 1562: 1561: 1557: 1554: 1551: 1548: 1545: 1544: 1540: 1537: 1534: 1531: 1528: 1527: 1521: 1519: 1514: 1512: 1495: 1493: 1491: 1490:longwall mine 1487: 1482: 1479: 1475: 1471: 1468: 1466: 1462: 1458: 1450: 1448: 1445: 1442: 1438: 1434: 1430: 1426: 1423: 1415: 1408: 1405: 1402: 1399: 1396: 1395: 1391: 1388: 1385: 1382: 1379: 1378: 1374: 1371: 1368: 1365: 1362: 1361: 1357: 1354: 1351: 1348: 1345: 1344: 1340: 1337: 1334: 1331: 1328: 1327: 1323: 1320: 1317: 1314: 1311: 1310: 1306: 1303: 1300: 1297: 1294: 1293: 1289: 1286: 1283: 1280: 1277: 1276: 1272: 1269: 1266: 1263: 1260: 1259: 1255: 1252: 1249: 1246: 1243: 1242: 1238: 1235: 1232: 1229: 1226: 1225: 1221: 1218: 1215: 1212: 1209: 1208: 1204: 1201: 1198: 1195: 1192: 1191: 1187: 1184: 1182:Permit Number 1181: 1178: 1175: 1174: 1168: 1162: 1160: 1158: 1151:Future mining 1150: 1148: 1141: 1139: 1132: 1130: 1127: 1123: 1119: 1115: 1111: 1110:coal seam gas 1107: 1099: 1093: 1090: 1087: 1086: 1083: 1079: 1076: 1073: 1072: 1069: 1065: 1062: 1059: 1058: 1055: 1051: 1048: 1045: 1044: 1041: 1037: 1034: 1031: 1030: 1027: 1024: 1021: 1020: 1017: 1014: 1011: 1010: 1007: 1004: 1001: 1000: 997: 994: 991: 990: 987: 984: 981: 980: 977: 974: 971: 970: 967: 966:Early Permian 964: 961: 960: 957: 956:Early Permian 954: 951: 950: 947: 946:Early Permian 944: 941: 940: 937: 934: 931: 930: 927: 924: 921: 920: 916: 913: 912: 902: 898: 896: 888: 886: 884: 880: 876: 872: 871:Early Permian 868: 864: 860: 856: 852: 844: 842: 840: 836: 832: 828: 824: 823:Sedimentation 820: 816: 812: 808: 805: 801: 797: 793: 790: 786: 783: 779: 775: 772: 768: 764: 760: 756: 752: 748: 744: 743:Early Permian 740: 736: 732: 729: 725: 721: 717: 714: 710: 709:Sedimentation 706: 703: 702:Early Permian 699: 695: 691: 687: 686:oceanic plate 683: 679: 675: 671: 667: 663: 654: 652: 650: 645: 641: 637: 632: 630: 626: 625:Warrego River 622: 618: 614: 610: 602: 600: 598: 594: 590: 586: 582: 578: 574: 570: 566: 563: 559: 555: 551: 547: 542: 537: 532: 530: 525: 521: 517: 513: 509: 506: 501: 494: 492: 489: 485: 484:food services 481: 480:accommodation 477: 473: 469: 465: 461: 457: 453: 449: 445: 441: 437: 433: 429: 425: 421: 416: 414: 410: 406: 402: 399: 389: 386: 385: 381: 379: 378:Torrens Creek 376: 375: 371: 369: 366: 365: 361: 359: 356: 355: 351: 349: 346: 345: 341: 339: 336: 335: 331: 329: 326: 325: 321: 319: 316: 315: 311: 309: 306: 305: 301: 299: 296: 295: 291: 289: 286: 285: 281: 279: 276: 275: 271: 269: 266: 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