33:
276:
is another important gamma-emitting radionuclide produced as a fission product. With a short half-life of 8 days, this radioisotope is not of practical use in radioactive sources in industrial radiography or sensing. However, since iodine is a component of biological molecules such as thyroid
421:; this has a fairly short half-life of 15 hours, but it emits photons with very high energies (>2 MeV). It could be used for radiography of thick steel objects if the radiography occurred close to the point of production. Similarly to
983:
Note only half lives between 100 min and 5,000 yr are listed as short half-lives are usually not practical to use, and long half-lives usually mean extremely low specific activity. d= day, hr = hour, yr = year.
562:
are very radiotoxic and very expensive due to their natural rarity, these natural radioisotopes have fallen out of use over the last half-century, replaced by artificially created radioisotopes.
50:
394:
units as a higher photon energy alternative to caesium-137, while iridium-192 tends to be used in a different mode of therapy, internal radiotherapy or
97:
69:
207:). Barium-137m has a half-life of a 2.6 minutes and is responsible for all of the gamma ray emission in this decay sequence. The ground state of
157:
is a nucleus with approximately half the mass of a uranium or plutonium nucleus which is left over after such a nucleus has been "split" in a
76:
83:
133:
are valuable in a range of different industrial, scientific and medical technologies. This article lists some common gamma-emitting
116:
1028:
65:
895:
sometimes still used in radiotherapy and industrial application for measuring the density, liquid level, humidity and many more
54:
339:, creating radioactive nuclides of these elements which contain extra neutrons, compared to the original stable nuclides.
236:
is about 662 keV. These gamma rays can be used, for example, in radiotherapy such as for the treatment of cancer, in
472:
has been used as a source of low energy gamma photons, it has been used in some applications such as portable X-ray
1068:
1053:
90:
43:
1048:
1003:
410:. This wire is then inserted into a tumor such as a breast tumor, and the tumor is irradiated by gamma ray
1058:
146:
503:
with the plutonium-239 itself being produced mostly from neutron capture and subsequent beta decays by
998:
567:
299:, a common fission product. It is a potent gamma emitter. It was used in high quantities during the
1073:
993:
324:
477:
458:
418:
407:
282:
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300:
519:
278:
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546:: for instance, a radon-222 source was used to examine the mechanisms inside an unexploded
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http://www.iem-inc.com/information/tools/radiation-energies/gamma-emitters
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Co-60 emits two distinct gammas of high energy (total energy is 2.5 MeV)
523:
574:
in part due to the lack of reliable data on the stated health benefits.
411:
332:
555:
554:
could be examined using radium-226 to check for cracks. Because both
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of technological importance are produced as fission products within
559:
403:
960:
used for early radiotherapy (pre Cs-137 and Co-60 circa 1950's)
414:
from the wire. At the end of the treatment the wire is removed.
26:
342:
In addition to their uses in radiography, both cobalt-60 (
747:
used in a variety of nuclear medicine imaging procedures
270:, offer higher radiation output for a given volume.
137:of technological importance, and their properties.
57:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
277:hormones, iodine-131 is of great importance in
542:were used as gamma-ray sources for industrial
281:, and in medical and biological research as a
398:. The iridium wires for brachytherapy are a
8:
578:Table of some useful gamma emitting isotopes
581:
117:Learn how and when to remove this message
1020:
66:"Commonly used gamma-emitting isotopes"
461:of the commonly found stable isotope.
240:, or in industrial gauges or sensors.
495:in nuclear reactors through multiple
7:
55:adding citations to reliable sources
417:A rare but notable gamma source is
167:is one such radionuclide. It has a
258:is not widely used for industrial
218:(energy of a single gamma ray) of
25:
484:. Americium-241 is produced from
31:
1009:useful radioisotope search tool
714:used in industrial radiography
583:Useful Gamma emitting isotopes
42:needs additional citations for
1:
977:Used in most smoke detectors
315:Some radionuclides, such as
518:and usually roughly 97% of
262:as other nuclides, such as
171:of 30 years, and decays by
1090:
597:Emitted Gamma energy (MeV)
550:, while some of the early
402:-coated iridium/palladium
327:of normal non-radioactive
406:wire made radioactive by
129:Radionuclides which emit
482:ionizing smoke detectors
390:-60 tends to be used in
147:artificial radionuclides
480:) and common household
846:used in brachytherapy
829:used in brachytherapy
764:used in brachytherapy
457:, it is formed by the
530:Natural radioisotopes
999:Common beta emitters
568:radioactive quackery
566:sits on the edge of
520:low enriched uranium
51:improve this article
994:Isotopes of caesium
584:
325:neutron irradiation
311:Activation products
582:
459:neutron activation
408:neutron activation
382:) are used in the
323:, are made by the
283:radioactive tracer
1069:Nuclear materials
1054:Nuclear chemistry
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301:Manhattan Project
127:
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119:
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16:(Redirected from
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279:nuclear medicine
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238:food irradiation
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141:Fission products
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548:V-1 flying bomb
534:Many years ago
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516:natural uranium
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499:and subsequent
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465:Minor actinides
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159:nuclear fission
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179:emission to a
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1059:Radioactivity
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564:Radon therapy
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470:Americium-241
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396:brachytherapy
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293:decay product
290:
289:Lanthanum-140
286:
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239:
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216:photon energy
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135:radionuclides
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110:
99:
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89:
85:
82:
78:
75:
71:
68: –
67:
63:
62:Find sources:
56:
52:
46:
45:
40:This article
38:
34:
29:
28:
19:
18:Gamma emitter
1023:
982:
572:radiotherapy
570:and genuine
552:Bathyspheres
533:
474:fluorescence
468:
416:
384:radiotherapy
341:
314:
287:
272:
213:
163:
144:
128:
113:
104:
94:
87:
80:
73:
61:
49:Please help
44:verification
41:
1029:"Cobalt-60"
591:atomic mass
544:radiography
501:beta decays
476:equipment (
392:teletherapy
386:of cancer.
362:iridium-192
335:metal in a
321:iridium-192
268:iridium-192
260:radiography
211:is stable.
165:Caesium-137
1074:Gamma rays
1043:Categories
1015:References
536:radium-226
297:barium-140
274:Iodine-131
209:barium-137
181:metastable
173:beta decay
161:reaction.
77:newspapers
594:half-life
540:radon-222
419:sodium-24
400:palladium
317:cobalt-60
264:cobalt-60
183:state of
177:gamma ray
169:half-life
107:July 2022
1064:Isotopes
988:See also
889:30.17 yr
708:5.265 yr
691:5.265 yr
524:MOX fuel
514:(99% of
303:for the
175:without
954:1600 yr
906:10.5 yr
873:2.06 yr
775:3.13 hr
588:Isotope
412:photons
333:iridium
91:scholar
971:432 yr
965:Am-241
948:Ra-226
932:Rn-222
916:Ce-144
900:Ba-133
883:Cs-137
867:Cs-134
857:5.24 d
851:Xe-133
801:Te-132
785:Sn-113
769:Ag-112
752:Pd-103
735:Tc-99m
725:9.4 hr
627:2.6 yr
600:Notes
556:radium
388:Cobalt
360:) and
329:cobalt
187:-137 (
185:barium
93:
86:
79:
72:
64:
938:3.8 d
922:285 d
909:0.356
892:0.662
834:I-131
826:0.035
817:I-125
807:77 hr
794:0.392
791:115 d
761:0.021
719:Ga-66
702:Co-60
685:Co-60
678:0.122
675:272 d
669:Co-57
659:312 d
653:Mn-54
643:15 hr
637:Na-24
621:Na-22
560:radon
404:alloy
291:is a
145:Many
98:JSTOR
84:books
974:0.06
957:0.19
941:0.51
925:0.13
876:0.61
860:0.08
843:0.36
823:60 d
810:0.23
778:0.62
758:17 d
744:0.14
741:6 hr
728:1.04
711:1.33
694:1.17
662:0.84
646:1.37
630:1.28
614:0.48
611:53 d
605:Be-7
558:and
538:and
439:and
331:and
319:and
214:The
153:. A
70:news
968:241
951:226
935:222
919:144
903:133
886:137
870:134
854:133
840:8 d
837:131
820:125
804:132
788:113
772:112
755:103
526:).
522:or
478:XRF
295:of
266:or
53:by
1045::
738:99
722:66
705:60
688:60
672:57
656:54
640:24
624:22
493:Pu
448:Ir
430:Co
373:Ir
351:Co
307:.
285:.
249:Cs
227:Ba
197:Ba
1031:.
608:7
512:U
364:(
120:)
114:(
109:)
105:(
95:·
88:·
81:·
74:·
47:.
20:)
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