698:"...the pain does deter even the most macho convict from covering his body, all at once, with meaningful pictures. Tattoos are created by instilling pigment in the skin with thousands of needle pricks. In the camps, the process can take anywhere from a few hours to a few years, depending on the artist and his ambition, says Mr. Bronnikov. Because of prison conditions, tattoo artists have to improvise with materials and equipment. For instance, they will draw a picture on a wooden plank, place needles along the lines of the design, cover the needles with ink and stamp the whole tableau on the prisoner's body. Another method is to slice the image onto the skin with a razor and daub the cut with indelible ink. Usually, prisoners manage to get an electric shaver and a syringe with a needle, which they jury-rig into a tattooing machine. Ink is hard to come by, so to make dye, artists will often burn the heel of a shoe, and mix the ash with the prisoner's urine -- a practice convicts believe reduces the chance of infection."
618:"In prison, the ink for tattoos was manufactured from molten rubber mixed with water and sugar. Artists used sewing needles sharpened on concrete cell floors. Sometimes, portraits of Stalin and Lenin--with or without horns--were in fashion, sometimes monasteries and medieval knights. Occasionally, caricatures of Communists with pig snouts or correctional officers in wolf guise were the rage. Maps of the gulag system, with Russia, portrayed as a giant prison camp, might be etched across someone's back. Crucifixion scenes were popular. Ronald Reagan was even a subject, according to a Russian dictionary of prison slang (
665:) that is disapproved of by other criminals. They can also advertise that the bearer is "downcast", or of the lowest social caste in prison, usually used for the sexual gratification of higher-ranked inmates. Voluntary facial tattoos signify that the bearer does not expect to be released back into normal society within his lifetime, and will usually consist of tattoos on the eyelids of messages such as "Don't Wake Me Up." They are managed by inserting a metal spoon under the eyelid, so the tattoo needle does not pierce the eye.
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607:. Also, he is a repeat offender: The onion domes of a Russian church fan across his shoulder blades, each of the seven domes representing a different stay in prison. Above the church, across the back of his neck, the convict has stenciled, in Russian, "Not just anyone can hold his head this high."... "The more tattoos a convict gets, the more sentences he has served, the more respect he gets in prison," says Mr. Bronnikov. "The tattoos show that he isn't afraid of pain."
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a tattoo on an individual and a suspected criminal association. Although Yakuza membership declined after the Anti-Organized Crime Law was enacted in 1991 and enforced in 1992, the gang is still active. As a means of avoiding interactions with gang members in public and the history of the association, tattooed individuals, regardless of gang affiliation, are not permitted to enter a number of establishments due to societal standards and expectations.
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18th century that this notion became more prevalent in other parts of the world. Over time, tattooing began to be used to mark prisoners and those who committed crimes, so law enforcement would be able to monitor those who disrupted and caused harm to communities. As a means of tracking criminals, noting a person's tattoos became an efficient way to document them. It provided a unique descriptor that set a criminal apart from others.
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visits or corrections officers or it could be created with a few components. Ink could be made with water, isopropyl alcohol, and black soot. Improvising meant burning various materials to acquire the soot and ingredients containing alcohol such as mouthwash. Improvised tattooing equipment has been assembled from materials such as mechanical pencils, Bic pens, radio transistors, staples, paper clips, or guitar strings.
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848:: If the spider is in the center, the bearer is dedicated to a life of crime; if it is climbing out of the web, the bearer is trying to reform himself. A few other versions are that the wearer is a drug addict, like an insect trapped in a spider's web, he is trapped in some narcotic web, or that it signifies a time in prison as each ring of the spider web represents one year in prison.
754:, mosques, fortresses, etc., are often tattooed on the chest, back, or hand. The number of spires or towers can represent the years a prisoner has been incarcerated or the number of times he has been imprisoned. A cross at the top of the spire indicates that the sentence was paid in full. The phrase, "The Church is the House of God," often inscribed beneath a cathedral, has the
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777:: Military badge and uniform are worn on the shoulders. This symbolizes criminal accomplishments. When a skull symbol is portrayed with it, it usually designates a man as a murderer. Epaulets are decorated with certain crests and symbols in the sections where one can see the skull there before conviction, especially when it was of any significance.
854:: A teardrop underneath an eye: the wearer was raped in prison and tattooed with a teardrop under the eye by the offending party, this was a way of "marking" an inmate as property or to publicly humiliate the inmate as face tattoos cannot be hidden. In West Coast gang culture, the tattoo may signify that the wearer has killed someone.
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Tattoos can commonly be found on those related to a gang, as they represent pride in their membership. The symbols and typefaces used will vary and can indicate which gang one may belong to; the location of the tattoo is also notable, as it indicates the level of exposure and potential identification
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Cross: A small cross either on the forehead, finger, or between the thumb and forefinger is sometimes seen on convicts as a symbol of serving time in prison. There is another category of tattoos—of rings on the fingers and symbols on the hands—which informs other inmates of the bearer's rank when the
914:. This is more symbolic of criminal activity among West Coast gangs where a teardrop tattoo underneath the eye can indicate whether an individual committed murder or attempted murder. Other meanings of this tattoo are indicating time spent in prison or the loss of a loved one associated with a gang.
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Due to the association between the Yakuza and tattoos, the stigmatization of tattoos in Japan has become a part of their cultural norm. As the public grew more knowledgeable of criminal activity, the portrayal of gangs became more evident in popular films, so this grew a specific connotation between
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Tattoos were not only seen on criminals but it was viewed as a common trait amongst criminals within the
Bertillonage system. People with tattoos were set apart from others, and it was used as evidence that they were to be seen as different in the general public. This idea was applied to perceiving
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with four dots :: for 14. Geographic location is commonly referred to, so another identifiable tattoo is an area code (Ex. 213 would represent Los
Angeles). Hispanic gangs have a trend of using old English script and incorporating religious themes in their tattoos, as a substantial portion of
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Rebels and lawless individuals started to mark themselves with tattoos to signify their actions which they took pride in or identified with; this could be acts of rebellion, crimes, personal beliefs, and commitment to a certain group. Convicts had knowledge of their tattoos being used to exercise
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The art of tattooing dates back to 8000 BC when it was used as a means of identification amongst different cultures. Ancient Greek and Roman histories, as well as ancient
Japanese and Chinese histories possess a record of criminality being associated with tattoos, but it was not until the 16th to
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do not have the proper equipment necessary for the practice. This forces inmates to find ways to create their own tattooing devices out of their belongings. The ink used to create the tattoo requires a certain quality to appear correctly. Inmates can acquire ink a number of ways: street ink from
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Russian criminal tattoos have a complex system of symbols that can give quite detailed information about the wearer. Not only do the symbols carry meaning, but the area of the body on which they are placed may be meaningful too. The initiation tattoo of a new gang member is usually placed on the
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In the United States, the tattooing of criminals increased in the 1930s, and this could be attributed to tattooing in prisons. Although tattooing is highly prohibited in U.S. prisons, inmates take part and accept the disciplinary action often taken. Studies have shown that inmates would receive
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The Edo period in Japan exemplified the strive for internal peace within the country. Tattoos started to be used to mark those who committed crimes which began the correlation between tattoos and criminals. The Meiji restoration period followed the Edo period; Japan aimed to be viewed as more
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are classified in different ways. The meaning and histories of criminal tattoos vary from country to country, and they are commonly assumed to be associated with gang membership. They could also be a record of the wearer's personal history—such as their skills, specialties, accomplishments,
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Tattoos made in a
Russian prison often have a distinct bluish color (due to being made with ink from a ballpoint pen) and usually appear somewhat blurred because of the lack of instruments to draw fine lines. The ink is often created from burning the heel of a shoe and mixing the soot with
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tattoo must be "destroyed surgically", and that this procedure was usually fatal. Tattoos of the portraits of Soviet leaders like Lenin and Stalin were often applied on the chest due to a belief that firing squads were forbidden to shoot at the leaders' pictures.
742:: a career as a thief. A single cat means the bearer worked alone; several cats mean the bearer was part of a gang. The word "cat," in Russian, forms an acronym indicating the wearer's natural home is in prison. Alternately, can signify cleverness.
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Wesley G. Jennings; Bryanna Hahn Fox; David P. Farrington (January 14, 2014), "Inked into Crime? An
Examination of the Causal Relationship between Tattoos and Life-Course Offending among Males from the Cambridge Study in Delinquent Development",
603:"As Russia's leading expert on tattoo iconography, Mr. Arkady Bronnikov can tell the prisoner's story from looking at the designs on his body. The huge spider in a web that is drawn on his skull reveals, in prison tattoo code, that he is a
314:, and criminality. There is no direct correlation between tattoos and criminals, but we can observe the developed history of tattoos and their meanings in countries such as Australia, France, Italy, Japan, Russia, and the United States.
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meanings. The code systems can be quite complex, and because of the nature of what they encode, the designs of criminal tattoos are not widely recognized as such to outsiders. Coded prison tattoos commonly found in North
America:
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364:. Prisoners often modified these tattoos to conceal the original design or to express wry or rebellious messages. A common prison tattoo in Australia is 'A.C.A.C.' - the initials to a derogatory phrase regarding cops.
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someone's psyche and deducing if they are biologically inclined to criminal behavior, as higher pain tolerance, primal nature, and shameless attitudes were associated with a predisposition towards criminal behavior.
592:, usually by removal of the tattoo, followed by beatings and sometimes rape, or even murder. Tattoos can be removed (voluntarily, in the case of loss of rank, new affiliation, "lifestyle" change, etc.) by bandaging
475:, the organized crime syndicate of Japan, dates back to the 17th century and maintains a strong loyalty. A form of committing is by embracing tattoos which make them identifiable within the gang and to the public.
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have full-body tattoos, typically inked in secret by tattoo artists associated with clans. Due to a clear association between tattoo artistry and crime, the practice was shortly banned following the
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A common tattoo in
American prisons for Hispanic inmates is four dots or three dots. The dots represent that you have earned your keep in your gang. The three dots would represent the 13 of the
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Hiatt, F. (1993, Aug 23). Gulag no longer, but still the lower depths; for many of the 1 million
Russian prisoners, life inside is `Equal to torture'. The Washington Post (Pre-1997 Fulltext).
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The Yakuza's tattoos would cover large areas of the body. The tattoos could cover arms, chest, back, and legs, but may not be visible when wearing traditional
Japanese garments, such as a
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Glover, S. (1997, Oct 18). A marked man from tattoo to taps; violence: Out of jail and 35, Robert Torres was ready for a fresh start, but a gang insignia betrayed him. Los
Angeles Times.
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Banerjee, N. (1992, Jul 29). Russian convicts use body language of their very own --- prison tattoos spell out lives of crime and establish the hierarchy of inmates. Wall Street Journal.
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By, N. B. (1992, Jul 29). Russian convicts use body language of their very own --- prison tattoos spell out lives of crime and establish the hierarchy of inmates. Wall Street Journal.
748:: Part of the racist white power movement. It has also been used to represent crosshairs of a gun, meaning that a wearer is a hitman, and he too will meet a violent end one day.
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tattoos while serving their sentence are more extroverted; they have a sense of belonging and embrace being a prisoner. This trait is coupled with a lack of self-discipline.
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243 in a badge: signifies the wearer has committed battery on a police officer. Often worn on the arm or hand used for the assault. Taken from the California penal code.
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indicates that the bearer is 'clean before his friends' in that he will never betray them to authorities. May also symbolize having become a criminal early in life.
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482:, due to the specific placement. As a member of the Yakuza, enduring the painful process of tattooing was viewed as a declaration of loyalty and courage. Modern
878:: Worn on the shoulders: Signifies that the owner is a man of discipline, status, and tradition. Men will also receive stars when promoted to "Captain" in the
937:, Celtic imagery, and the number 666. Themes of racism are evident in Aryan Brotherhood gang tattoos through white supremacist language and Nazi references.
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represent the loss of time. You may see the number of years that are served (i.e., five tombstones reading 2001–2005 means the prisoner has done five years).
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897:: an acronym that spells the Russian word for elephant but which stands for, 'From my early years nothing but misery' or 'Death to cops by knife'.
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use their name or well-known logo, while others use secret signs. In the past, the branding mark was usually small, sometimes hidden between the
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as a means to identify criminals; this method was used to also target anyone who was a threat to social order and was deemed "suspicious".
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Spider web - typically found covering the elbow; white supremacists use this symbol to outwardly express that they have injured or killed
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Tattoos that consist of political or anti-authoritarian statements are known as "grins". They are often tattooed on the stomach of a
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Area codes - no specific location on body; gang members will identify with the area code of their neighborhood or gang's location
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Please help improve this article by looking for better, more reliable sources. Unreliable citations may be challenged and removed.
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a way of "marking" an inmate as property of another person or for humiliation; a face tattoo cannot be covered up or hidden.
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Five dots: Represents time done in prison. Four of the dots represent walls, while the fifth represents the prisoner.
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Williams, D. (2000, May 29). Russia journal; prison gave an artist career in the skin trade. The Washington Post.
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Williams, D. (2000, May 29). Russia journal; prison gave an artist career in the skin trade. The Washington Post.
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1182:. Ashby, Richard., American Society of Law Enforcement Trainers. Sudbury, Mass.: Jones and Bartlett Publishers.
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individuals within the criminal society. These tattoos may be placed on an individual who fails to pay debts in
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are found on prison inmates. This tattoo represents the individual between the four walls of the prison cell (
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civilized during this time, so tattooing grew to be deemed barbaric and was outlawed throughout the country.
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between 1787 and 1867 were sometimes tattooed with marks intended to signify disgrace, for example, D for
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without a possibility of parole. Barbed wire on the forearms or around the wrist signifies years served.
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600:. This powder is gained by filing "light alloy," e.g., lawnmower casing and is a jailhouse commodity.
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MIR: The Russian word for "peace," an acronym that indicates "only a firing squad will reform me."
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more control over them, but the rebellious, individuality of tattoos proved to be more important.
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members and their families are Catholic. Their tattoos are frequently larger and easily visible.
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the bearer and warn others about him or her. They frequently consist of slurs about the bearer's
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Joshua Adams (2012), "The Relationship between Tattooing and Deviance in Contemporary Society",
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Teardrop - under the eye; multiple meanings, commonly symbolizes committing or attempted murder
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symbol inked or branded with a hot iron on their skin. In some organizations involved with the
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over the horizon: "I was born free and should be free." Bearer longs for a life outside prison.
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2218:"Tattoos and criminality: a study on the origins and uses of tattoos in criminal subcultures"
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powder onto the surface of the skin, which dissolves the skin bearing the marks with painful
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888:: Against prison authorities. Does not literally mean that the wearer is a Nazi sympathiser.
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1927:"Erasing the past: tattoo-removal programs for former gang members. - Free Online Library"
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Common body tattoos and their significance (these tattoos are most characteristic of the
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bearer is clothed: A cross on the chest can represent a high ranking in the Russian mob.
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1219:. Birzer, Michael L., 1960-, Roberson, Cliff, 1937-. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press. 2012.
1055:. Today, some pimps write their names in big letters all upon the body of the victim.
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the victim of rape is tattooed with a teardrop below the eye by the offending party
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and/or means of personal expression. Tattoos have been empirically associated with
1337:"Inked and Exiled: How Tattoo Culture Became Synonymous with Criminals in Britain"
814:: Informer, an animal without honor. Probably begrudged as a mark of humiliation.
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The Mark of Cain (2000), film on Russian criminal tattoos; DVD, ASIN B0011UBDV8
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and is typically placed between the thumb and index finger on the right hand.
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Clock with no hands - symbolizes time spent in prison and serving a sentence
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Crosses on knuckles: 'Trips to the zone'. 'I've been in prison three times'.
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2099:"Pictured: Trafficked prostitutes BRANDED by pimps to show they 'own' them"
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1457:"Asia Pacific Perspectives Journal - V16No1 Fall/Winter 2018-19 - Skutlin"
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Three dots making a triangle - typically between the thumb and forefinger
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Understanding Personal Security and Risk: A Guide for Business Travelers
872:: Worn on the knees: signifies that an owner 'will kneel before no man'.
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The confession: interrogation and criminal profiles for police officers
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672:, as a means of acquiring status in the criminal community. A Russian
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1528:"'Yakuza Tattoo': Inside the secretive world of the yakuza's tattoos"
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1311:"FROM PUNISHMENT TO EXPRESSION: A HISTORY OF TATTOOS IN CORRECTIONS"
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The shamrock can include the number 12, referencing the letters "AB"
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Specific, identifiable tattoos are seen within organized crime. "La
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Russian Prison Tattoos: Codes of Authority, Domination and Struggle
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Shamrock - no specific location on body; indicates belonging to
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Devil's head: 'Grin'. 'I hold a grudge against the authorities'.
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2080:"Old mark of slavery is being used on sex trafficking victims"
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Tattoos associated with criminal activity and gang membership
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Gang Tattoos: Signs of Belonging and the Transience of Signs
1791:"Four Days in the Oaxaca State Prison : Mexico Living"
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or spider web: may symbolize racism or doing time in prison
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Dagger in neck: Signifies that owner of tattoo cut someone.
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Towards the end of the 19th century, Italy implemented the
1578:"The Secret History of Japanese Cinema: The Yakuza movies"
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resembling the dots on a dice, placed on the hand between
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Prisoners who were transported from Britain to Australian
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Russian Criminal Tattoo Gallery With Photos And Meanings
588:. Wearing false or unearned tattoos is punishable in the
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Mallon, William K.; Russell, Marie A. (September 1999).
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In addition to voluntary tattooing, tattoos are used to
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A single dot on the cheek usually means the wearer is a
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Tattoos of three dots on the hand mean "death to cops" (
1630:. Foreigner prisoner support service. 21 February 2024.
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Maruko, E (2002). "The "Underworld" Goes Underground".
1484:"Yakuza: Past and Present | Office of Justice Programs"
866:: Sohranil Sovest - Sign of against prison authorities.
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Conspiracy Theories and Secret Societies For Dummies
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Mermaid: indicates a conviction of child molestation
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1003:The number 14 - demonstrates being a member of the
996:The number 13 - demonstrates being a member of the
910:One of the most well-known criminal tattoos is the
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Dots on knuckles: number of years served in prison.
108:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
2263:List of criminal enterprises, gangs and syndicates
1117:List of criminal enterprises, gangs and syndicates
1035:against their will may have their pimps' name or
961:Certain tattoo designs have developed recognized
2146:Russian Criminal Tattoo Encyclopedia Volume III
1867:"Clinical and Forensic Significance of Tattoos"
1816:"Teardrop Tattoo Meaning: Tattoos With Meaning"
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1179:Gang investigations : a street cop's guide
657:considered offensive by other prisoners (e.g.,
2133:Russian Criminal Tattoo Encyclopedia Volume II
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1405:"The Hidden Meanings Behind 11 Prison Tattoos"
1389:Russian criminal tattoo encyclopedia, Volume 3
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584:. A rose on the chest is also used within the
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2120:Russian Criminal Tattoo Encyclopedia Volume I
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907:one may want to have in the general public.
832:: Usually tattooed across the chest or over
720:across the forehead signifies a sentence of
1658:"15 more prison tattoos and their meanings"
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758:meaning, "Prison is the Home of the Thief."
71:Learn how and when to remove these messages
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1770:"Spider Web Tattoos - What Do They Mean?"
1552:""Irezumi": The Japanese Tattoo Unveiled"
397:mort aux vaches / flics / poulets / keufs
286:Learn how and when to remove this message
221:Learn how and when to remove this message
168:Learn how and when to remove this message
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498:period. During the US occupation after
417:is also a common French prison tattoo.
1709:"15 prison tattoos and their meanings"
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1216:Introduction to criminal investigation
1112:List of Chinese criminal organizations
953:is illegal in many jurisdictions, the
2212:"Meanings of Russian Criminal Tattoo"
545:too many or overly lengthy quotations
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2018:Whidden, Calen "Wolf" (2022-10-07).
1031:. Women and girls being forced into
805:: Murderer, or that they follow the
106:adding citations to reliable sources
2097:McMenamy, Emma (October 19, 2014).
2057:"Prison Tattoos and Their Meanings"
1362:"Prison argot and penal discipline"
1271:(1, January–February 2014): 77–84,
941:Prison Tattoos in the United States
730:indicate a sentence served in full.
1871:Advanced Emergency Nursing Journal
1750:from the original on July 31, 2020
1576:Varese, Federico (February 2006).
25:
1896:MacDonald, John Marshall (1987).
1740:"Russian Prison Tattoos Meanings"
1431:. Wiley Publishing. p. 292.
1403:Tung, Angela (24 February 2016).
710:was more structured in prisons):
486:tattoos, with common symbols and
250:to comply with Knowledge (XXG)'s
52:This article has multiple issues.
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2078:Sidner, Sara (August 31, 2015).
1832:Smith, Brendan (25 April 2008).
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1012:Tattoos for enslaved prostitutes
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444:-style criminal organization in
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93:needs additional citations for
60:or discuss these issues on the
2020:"A Brief Lesson on Prison Ink"
1391:, FUEL Publishing, p. 214
1335:Saunders, Rosie (2021-10-04).
1277:10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2013.12.006
684:N. Banerjee wrote in 1992 for
1:
1950:Smith, Brendan (2008-04-25).
1900:. Apache Press. p. 83.
1455:Cole, Michael (2019-01-30).
1427:Hodapp, Christopher (2008).
1108:, Polish anti-police acronym
580:chest and may incorporate a
1461:University of San Francisco
1366:Journal of Mundane Behavior
1321:(9): 1–5 – via NCJRS.
1309:Brady, C (September 1993).
1265:Journal of Criminal Justice
1142:Triad (underground society)
352:. Skin removed post-mortem.
331:Criminal tattoos by country
2655:
1818:. tattooswithmeaning.com.
1526:Boyd, Oscar (2018-09-15).
1360:Niyi Awofeso (June 2004).
1176:Watkins, Derrick. (2007).
637:, or otherwise breaks the
513:
390:un homme entre quatre murs
29:
2578:
2260:
2024:Prison Journalism Project
1594:10.1080/17440570600650166
1387:Baldayev, Danzig (2006),
502:, this law was repealed.
413:A stick figure holding a
2565:Cryptocurrency and crime
1975:Goslin, Charles (2017).
1628:"Russian prison tattoos"
891:Single dot: 'I escaped'.
552:summarize the quotations
516:Russian criminal tattoos
263:may contain suggestions.
248:may need to be rewritten
30:Not to be confused with
2063:. 2010 . Archived from
687:The Wall Street Journal
193:Some of this article's
2387:Outlaw motorcycle club
2216:Wahlstedt, E. (2010).
1931:www.thefreelibrary.com
1744:Russia Criminal Tattoo
1509:Harvard Asia Quarterly
1315:Corrections Compendium
1247:: CS1 maint: others (
1023:are often tattooed or
465:
353:
1956:Washington City Paper
1838:Washington City Paper
1027:with a mark of their
921:and the same for the
463:
343:
312:personality disorders
2639:Tattooing traditions
2619:Criminal subcultures
2558:Financial regulation
2067:on October 30, 2013.
2001:"White Gang Tattoos"
1043:and girls, like the
1041:trafficking of women
408:point des maquereaux
102:improve this article
1715:. September 4, 2014
1372:(1). Archived from
1137:Tong (organization)
949:Since tattooing in
590:criminal underworld
427:Bertillonage system
2372:Front organization
2193:2009-07-27 at the
1664:. October 25, 2014
1293:, pp. 137–145
651:sexual orientation
466:
354:
2606:
2605:
2350:
2349:
2154:978-0-9550061-9-7
2141:978-0-9550061-2-8
2061:tattoo-designs.dk
2005:www.policemag.com
1986:978-1-3153-5035-6
1776:on March 1, 2010.
1746:. July 10, 2009.
1438:978-0-470-18408-0
1226:978-1-4398-3934-8
1189:978-0-7637-3391-9
1152:Aryan Brotherhood
978:Aryan Brotherhood
931:Aryan Brotherhood
722:life imprisonment
690:about tattoos in
577:
576:
496:Meiji restoration
344:Tattoo marking a
296:
295:
288:
278:
277:
252:quality standards
231:
230:
223:
178:
177:
170:
152:
117:"Criminal tattoo"
75:
16:(Redirected from
2646:
2596:
2586:
2585:
2544:Papua New Guinea
2305:
2247:
2240:
2233:
2224:
2148:Danzig Baldaev,
2135:Danzig Baldaev,
2122:Danzig Baldaev,
2107:
2106:
2094:
2088:
2087:
2075:
2069:
2068:
2053:
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2015:
2009:
2008:
2007:. 7 August 2009.
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1800:
1798:
1793:. mexconnect.com
1787:
1778:
1777:
1772:. Archived from
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1377:
1376:on June 1, 2005.
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1201:
1173:
1086:18th Street Gang
1075:
1070:
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1007:, a prison gang
998:Mara Salvatrucha
830:Friedrich Engels
572:
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563:
536:
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378:five dots tattoo
299:Criminal tattoos
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32:Prison tattooing
21:
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2629:Organized crime
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2382:Organized crime
2346:
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2195:Wayback Machine
2184:Lina Goldberg,
2175:
2173:Further reading
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1952:"Tattoo Regret"
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1834:"Tattoo Regret"
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1532:The Japan Times
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1127:Organized crime
1071:
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1014:
1005:Nuestra Familia
943:
929:Markers of the
912:teardrop tattoo
904:
852:Teardrop tattoo
692:Russian prisons
678:anti-government
655:political group
573:
567:
564:
558:or excerpts to
549:
537:
533:
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514:Main articles:
512:
464:Tattooed yakuza
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2433:United Kingdom
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2169:
2161:Alix Lambert,
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1588:(1): 105–124.
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1291:Deviance Today
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1101:Human branding
1098:
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1073:Fashion portal
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923:northern gangs
919:southern gangs
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195:listed sources
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2492:U.S. military
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2202:Top tattoos,
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2128:3-88243-920-3
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2114:Other sources
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1979:. CRC Press.
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1132:Russian mafia
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1081:Barrio Azteca
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1038:
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902:United States
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880:Vory V Zakone
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807:Thieves' Code
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708:Vory V Zakone
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674:criminologist
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598:caustic burns
595:
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586:Russian mafia
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568:February 2024
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541:This section
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524:Russian mafia
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520:Vory V Zakone
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488:visual motifs
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113:Find sources:
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2460:Los Angeles
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2367:Drug cartel
2270:Aspects and
1515:(3): 14–18.
1488:www.ojp.gov
1096:Gang signal
1091:Drug cartel
1021:prostitutes
1016:Forced and
803:Executioner
718:Barbed wire
605:drug addict
198:may not be
18:Gang tattoo
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2272:components
2029:2024-04-30
1961:2024-04-12
1936:2024-04-12
1843:11 January
1797:3 November
1719:11 January
1668:11 January
1562:2019-07-10
1556:nippon.com
1537:2019-07-10
1493:2024-04-11
1466:2024-04-12
1346:2024-05-01
1158:References
858:Tombstones
846:Spider Web
704:Old Regime
663:child rape
635:card games
627:stigmatize
560:Wikisource
304:world view
128:newspapers
57:improve it
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2408:Australia
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1163:Citations
826:Karl Marx
786:and baby
706:when the
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647:ethnicity
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1059:See also
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1000:13 gang
886:Swastika
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752:Churches
450:stiddari
362:deserter
346:deserter
308:deviance
200:reliable
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1025:branded
955:inmates
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870:Stars
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734:Birds
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440:," a
421:Italy
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