38:
566:
236:(that is, Jayasimha) abandoned his spear while wanting to run away from Gangeyadeva. The Chalukya inscriptions also claim success against their enemies. Thus, it appears that Gangeyadeva and his allies achieved some military successes in the beginning, but were ultimately forced to retreat.
427:
valley. According to the
Kalachuri records, he died in Prayaga. The writings of the Muslim chronicler Baihqui indicate that Varanasi was under Gangeyadeva's control in 1033-1034 CE. Varanasi had earlier been under the Pala rule, at least until 1016 CE (the Sarnath stone inscription from
384:
like scared pupils. Historians identify "Kalachuri-Chandra" (literally "Moon of the
Kalachuris") with Gangeyadeva. According to one theory, Bhoja, aided by Gangeyadeva, invaded the Chandela kingdom, but Vidyadhara forced them to retreat. However, some scholars such as
301:
inscription, K. N. Seth and Mahesh Singh believe that the
Chalukyas and the Paramaras did not fight between 1028 CE and 1042 CE (after which Someshvara attacked Malwa). They believe that Bhoja may have used this time to launch an expedition against Gangeya.
37:
364:") in an inscription issued a year after the death of Gangeyadeva. It is possible that Karna inherited this title from his father, who might have assumed it after his successful campaign in the east (that is, the Kalinga region).
170:
in an alliance with Bhoja, but was forced to retreat after some initial successes. In the 1030s, he raided several neighbouring kingdoms and established himself as a sovereign ruler. He appears to have annexed
440:) invaded Varanasi in 1033 CE, the city was under the rule of Ganga (that is, Gangeya-deva). The Ghaznavids plundered the city until noon, when they retreated, probably on the approach of the Kalachuri army.
310:
In the later part of his reign, Gangeya achieved military successes at his eastern and northern frontiers. In his 1037-38 CE Piawan rock inscription, Gangeyadeva assumes the imperial titles
353:
dynasty. However, Yayati also claims to have defeated the king of Chedi and to have devastated his Dahala country. Thus, it appears that neither side gained a decisive victory in this war.
569:
A statue of
Gangeyadeva (circa 1015–1041) and his successors until 1211 of the Kalachuri (Haihaya or Chedi) empire (capital: Tripuri) in central India (Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh).
334:
region in the east, where he is said to have "raised his own arm as a pillar of victory" on the eastern coast. In this campaign, he was probably assisted by the dynasty's
455:. The Kangra Valley was held by the Ghaznavids, and Kalachuri claim of success in Kira appears to be a reference to Gangeyadeva's repulsion of the Ghaznavid attack.
1088:
226:
282:. According to one theory, Bhoja defeated Gangeyadeva before his Chalukya campaign, in which Gangeyadeva must have fought as a Paramara vassal.
1224:
1034:
989:
1081:
1192:
1010:
949:
882:
289:
A contradictory theory is that the two turned enemies after their campaign against the
Chalukyas. Based on an inscription found at
267:(c. 1213 CE) by Bala Saraswati Madana, specifically identifies the defeated ruler as Gangeya. A verse engraved on a stone slab in
513:
1214:
1074:
396:
invasions. He seems to have achieved significant success against the
Chandelas, as even the Chandela records describe him as
1180:
1174:
565:
286:
believed that Bhoja may have subjugated
Gangeyadeva before 1019 CE, when Gangeyadeva issued his Mukundpur inscription.
381:
361:
350:
187:
on the throne of
Tripuri around 1015 CE. In his 1019 CE Mukundpur inscription, Gangeyadeva assumes the modest titles
271:
also suggests that Bhoja defeated
Gangeyadeva of Tripuri. The 1223 CE Dhar inscription of the Bhoja's descendant
338:, whose ruler Kamalaraja is said to have vanquished the ruler of Utkala. The defeated ruler was probably the
335:
250:
512:
theorizes that the
Gangeyadeva mentioned in the colophon was not a Kalachuri king at all: he belonged to a
1044:
1020:
551:(alias Karna). Karna's 1042 CE Varanasi inscription, issued on the occasion of his father's first annual
1097:
148:
116:
151:
of Tripuri in central India. His kingdom was centered around the Chedi or Dahala region in present-day
158:
During the early part of his reign, Gangeyadeva seems to have ruled as a vassal, possibly that of the
1219:
279:
259:
218:
167:
339:
501:
278:
It is not certain whether Bhoja defeated Gangeyadeva before or after their joint war against the
1054:
1030:
1006:
985:
979:
966:
945:
926:
907:
888:
878:
322:
mentions him as the ruler of the Dahala country, and names his capital as "Tiauri" (Tripuri).
101:
1000:
939:
1132:
433:
202:
159:
1138:
544:
346:
233:
197:
392:
Later, Gangeyadeva expanded his kingdom in the north, as the Chandelas were weakened by
497:
331:
222:
152:
1208:
509:
489:
452:
283:
553:
1156:
548:
386:
294:
272:
90:
500:
wrongly theorized that the epithet indicated the Kalachuri king's conquest of the
1048:
1024:
960:
920:
901:
872:
593:
Gangeyadeva issued coins featuring his name on one side, and a figure of goddess
557:(death anniversary ritual) suggests that Gangeyadeva died on 22 January 1041 CE.
297:
theorized that the two remained allies at least until 1025 CE. Based on the 1028
1186:
1162:
536:
505:
448:
201:, which suggests that Gangeyadeva was a feudatory to another king, possibly the
597:
on the other side. This design was imitated by several north Indian dynasties.
221:, possibly as a vassal of Bhoja. The triple alliance of Bhoja, Gangeyadeva and
1144:
525:
405:
268:
184:
126:
80:
1058:
1029:. Vol. 4 (Part 1). Indian History Congress / People's Publishing House.
930:
1168:
1117:
892:
443:
Kalachuri inscriptions also credit Gangeyadeva with successful campaigns in
393:
345:
The Kalachuri records claim that Gangeyadeva also defeated the ruler of the
319:
253:
981:
Boot, Hooves and Wheels: And the Social Dynamics behind South Asian Warfare
970:
911:
589:
Lakshmi, the goddess of fortune, in a sitting position. She has four arms.
476:, an epithet that seems to suggest that the king was a devotee of the god
142:
529:
472:), during the reign of Gangeyadeva. The manuscript describes the king as
460:
429:
416:
411:
Gangeyadeva seems to have extended his control over the sacred cities of
373:
172:
1066:
660:
658:
594:
540:
412:
389:
believe that the Mahoba inscription is merely a boastful exaggeration.
298:
111:
51:
535:
Kalachuri records state that Gangeyadeva attained salvation under the
485:
481:
477:
465:
437:
424:
401:
377:
290:
245:
633:
631:
564:
469:
420:
206:
163:
444:
432:
is dated to this year). According to the Muslim chronicle, when
138:
1070:
837:
835:
833:
760:
758:
756:
754:
729:
727:
725:
723:
721:
618:
616:
614:
612:
610:
380:, Bhoja and "Kalachuri-Chandra" worshipped the Chandela king
349:
region. The defeated king was probably Yayati II of the
812:
404:
inscription of the Chandelas claims that their king
700:
664:
649:
637:
122:
110:
100:
96:
86:
76:
68:
63:
23:
232:The Kalachuri inscriptions boast that the king of
195:. This title is not as high as the imperial title
585:The inscription gives the name of the sovereign.
547:on his funeral pyre. He was succeeded by his son
1023:(1957). "The Kalacuris". In R. S. Sharma (ed.).
776:
1026:A Comprehensive history of India: A.D. 985-1206
543:. His hundred wives are said to have committed
314:. He also assumed the famous historical title
263:state that Bhoja defeated the ruler of Chedi.
1082:
841:
824:
800:
788:
764:
733:
622:
312:Paramabhattaraka Maharajadhiraja Parameshvara
30:Paramabhattaraka Maharajadhiraja Parameshvara
8:
1053:. Vol. 2. Vidarbha Samshodhana Mandal.
853:
745:
712:
688:
676:
408:broke the pride of Gangeyadeva in a battle.
275:also mentions Bhoja's victory over Gangeya.
1089:
1075:
1067:
356:Gangeyadeva's son Karna assumed the title
20:
903:The Growth of the Paramara Power in Malwa
147:, r. c. 1015–1041 CE) was a ruler of the
46:1015–1041) of the Kalachuris of Tripuri.
528:at Piawan, which suggests that he was a
464:manuscript states that it was copied in
451:. Kira (or Kara) is identified with the
58:: "Śrimad Gangeya Devah" in three lines.
606:
496:, based on which some scholars such as
217:Gangeyadeva fought a war against the
7:
874:A military history of medieval India
400:("world-conqueror"). A fragmentary
14:
183:Gangeyadeva succeeded his father
447:and Kira. Anga was ruled by the
36:
1129:Lakshamana-raja II (945-970 CE)
16:Ruler of Tripuri (c. 1015–1041)
962:The Kalachuris and their times
871:Gurcharn Singh Sandhu (2003).
1:
1002:The Early Rulers of Khajurāho
941:The Candellas of Jejākabhukti
925:. Bharatiya Vidya Prakashan.
43:
42:Coinage of king Gangeyadeva (
1225:11th-century Indian monarchs
1126:Yuvaraja-deva I (915-945 CE)
1114:Lakshamana-raja (825-850 CE)
922:Bhoja Paramāra and His Times
900:Krishna Narain Seth (1978).
257:inscription and Merutunga's
1195:(c. 1210- at least 1212 CE)
1159:(1041-1073 CE), alias Karna
1111:Shankaragana I (750-775 CE)
436:(the Ghaznavid governor of
372:According to a fragmentary
143:
1241:
1108:Vamaraja-deva (675-700 CE)
813:Gurcharn Singh Sandhu 2003
376:inscription discovered at
225:engaged the Chalukya king
1104:
999:Sisirkumar Mitra (1977).
492:wrongly read the term as
35:
28:
701:Krishna Narain Seth 1978
665:Krishna Narain Seth 1978
650:Krishna Narain Seth 1978
638:Krishna Narain Seth 1978
539:(sacred banyan tree) at
524:Gangeyadeva installed a
330:Gangeyadeva invaded the
175:to Kalachuri dominions.
166:. He fought against the
1123:Balaharsha (910-915 CE)
1005:. Motilal Banarsidass.
978:Saikat K. Bose (2015).
229:at multiple frontiers.
938:R. K. Dikshit (1976).
590:
189:Maharha-Maha-Mahattaka
1215:Kalachuris of Tripuri
1098:Kalachuris of Tripuri
959:R. K. Sharma (1980).
919:Mahesh Singh (1984).
777:Sisirkumar Mitra 1977
568:
545:suicide by immolation
484:is the mythical bird
318:. The Persian writer
117:Kalachuris of Tripuri
342:king Shubhakara II.
280:Chalukyas of Kalyani
260:Prabandha-Chintamani
219:Chalukyas of Kalyani
213:Chalukyas of Kalyani
168:Chalukyas of Kalyani
1050:Studies in Indology
667:, pp. 168–169.
652:, pp. 144–145.
842:V. V. Mirashi 1957
825:V. V. Mirashi 1961
801:R. K. Dikshit 1976
789:R. K. Dikshit 1976
765:R. K. Dikshit 1976
734:V. V. Mirashi 1957
623:V. V. Mirashi 1957
591:
514:Rashtrakuta branch
488:. English scholar
458:The colophon of a
368:Northern conquests
358:Tri-Kalingadhipati
1202:
1201:
1036:978-81-7007-121-1
991:978-9-38446-454-7
854:R. K. Sharma 1980
746:Mahesh Singh 1984
713:Mahesh Singh 1984
689:Mahesh Singh 1984
677:Mahesh Singh 1984
248:inscription, the
149:Kalachuri dynasty
132:
131:
1232:
1133:Shankaragana III
1091:
1084:
1077:
1068:
1062:
1040:
1016:
995:
974:
955:
934:
915:
896:
857:
851:
845:
839:
828:
822:
816:
810:
804:
798:
792:
786:
780:
774:
768:
762:
749:
743:
737:
731:
716:
710:
704:
698:
692:
686:
680:
674:
668:
662:
653:
647:
641:
635:
626:
620:
468:(in present-day
434:Ahmad Niyaltigin
360:("Lord of three
336:Ratnapura branch
326:Eastern campaign
265:Parijata-Manjari
146:
45:
40:
21:
1240:
1239:
1235:
1234:
1233:
1231:
1230:
1229:
1205:
1204:
1203:
1198:
1139:Yuvarajadeva II
1100:
1095:
1065:
1043:
1037:
1019:
1013:
998:
992:
977:
958:
952:
937:
918:
899:
885:
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831:
823:
819:
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763:
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732:
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683:
675:
671:
663:
656:
648:
644:
636:
629:
621:
608:
603:
563:
522:
504:in present-day
370:
347:Dakshina Kosala
328:
308:
242:
215:
198:Maharajadhiraja
181:
72:c. 1015–1041 CE
59:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1238:
1236:
1228:
1227:
1222:
1217:
1207:
1206:
1200:
1199:
1197:
1196:
1193:Trailokyamalla
1190:
1189:(1188-1210 CE)
1184:
1183:(1163-1188 CE)
1178:
1177:(1153-1163 CE)
1172:
1171:(1123-1153 CE)
1166:
1165:(1073-1123 CE)
1160:
1154:
1153:(1015-1041 CE)
1148:
1142:
1136:
1130:
1127:
1124:
1121:
1115:
1112:
1109:
1105:
1102:
1101:
1096:
1094:
1093:
1086:
1079:
1071:
1064:
1063:
1041:
1035:
1017:
1011:
996:
990:
975:
956:
950:
935:
916:
897:
883:
867:
865:
862:
859:
858:
846:
844:, p. 491.
829:
817:
815:, p. 203.
805:
803:, p. 100.
793:
781:
769:
750:
738:
736:, p. 490.
717:
705:
703:, p. 171.
693:
681:
669:
654:
642:
640:, p. 170.
627:
625:, p. 489.
605:
604:
602:
599:
562:
559:
521:
518:
498:R. C. Majumdar
369:
366:
327:
324:
307:
306:As a sovereign
304:
241:
238:
223:Rajendra Chola
214:
211:
180:
179:As a feudatory
177:
153:Madhya Pradesh
130:
129:
124:
120:
119:
114:
108:
107:
104:
98:
97:
94:
93:
88:
84:
83:
78:
74:
73:
70:
66:
65:
64:King of Dahala
61:
60:
41:
33:
32:
26:
25:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1237:
1226:
1223:
1221:
1218:
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1210:
1194:
1191:
1188:
1185:
1182:
1179:
1176:
1173:
1170:
1167:
1164:
1161:
1158:
1155:
1152:
1149:
1147:(990-1015 CE)
1146:
1143:
1140:
1137:
1134:
1131:
1128:
1125:
1122:
1119:
1116:
1113:
1110:
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1103:
1099:
1092:
1087:
1085:
1080:
1078:
1073:
1072:
1069:
1060:
1056:
1052:
1051:
1046:
1045:V. V. Mirashi
1042:
1038:
1032:
1028:
1027:
1022:
1021:V. V. Mirashi
1018:
1014:
1012:9788120819979
1008:
1004:
1003:
997:
993:
987:
983:
982:
976:
972:
968:
964:
963:
957:
953:
951:9788170170464
947:
943:
942:
936:
932:
928:
924:
923:
917:
913:
909:
905:
904:
898:
894:
890:
886:
884:9788170945253
880:
876:
875:
869:
868:
863:
856:, p. 24.
855:
850:
847:
843:
838:
836:
834:
830:
827:, p. 83.
826:
821:
818:
814:
809:
806:
802:
797:
794:
791:, p. 99.
790:
785:
782:
779:, p. 88.
778:
773:
770:
767:, p. 98.
766:
761:
759:
757:
755:
751:
748:, p. 69.
747:
742:
739:
735:
730:
728:
726:
724:
722:
718:
715:, p. 66.
714:
709:
706:
702:
697:
694:
691:, p. 65.
690:
685:
682:
679:, p. 64.
678:
673:
670:
666:
661:
659:
655:
651:
646:
643:
639:
634:
632:
628:
624:
619:
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600:
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596:
588:
584:
580:
576:
572:
567:
560:
558:
556:
555:
550:
546:
542:
538:
533:
531:
527:
519:
517:
515:
511:
510:V. V. Mirashi
507:
503:
499:
495:
491:
490:Cecil Bendall
487:
483:
479:
475:
474:garuda-dhvaja
471:
467:
463:
462:
456:
454:
453:Kangra Valley
450:
446:
441:
439:
435:
431:
426:
422:
418:
414:
409:
407:
403:
399:
395:
390:
388:
383:
379:
375:
367:
365:
363:
359:
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337:
333:
325:
323:
321:
317:
313:
305:
303:
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296:
292:
287:
285:
284:V. V. Mirashi
281:
276:
274:
270:
266:
262:
261:
256:
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247:
239:
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230:
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75:
71:
67:
62:
57:
53:
49:
39:
34:
31:
27:
22:
19:
1157:Lakshmikarna
1150:
1141:(980-990 CE)
1120:(850-890 CE)
1049:
1025:
1001:
980:
961:
940:
921:
906:. Progress.
902:
873:
864:Bibliography
849:
820:
808:
796:
784:
772:
741:
708:
696:
684:
672:
645:
592:
586:
582:
578:
574:
570:
552:
549:Lakshmikarna
534:
523:
508:. Historian
502:Gauda region
494:gauda-dhvaja
493:
473:
459:
457:
442:
410:
397:
391:
387:K. M. Munshi
371:
357:
355:
344:
329:
316:Vikramaditya
315:
311:
309:
295:K. M. Munshi
288:
277:
273:Arjunavarman
264:
258:
249:
243:
231:
227:Jayasimha II
216:
196:
192:
188:
182:
157:
134:
133:
106:Lakshmikarna
91:Lakshmikarna
55:
47:
29:
18:
1220:1041 deaths
1187:Vijayasimha
1163:Yashahkarna
1151:Gangeyadeva
1135:(970-80 CE)
965:. Sundeep.
944:. Abhinav.
573:19 mm
537:Akshayavata
398:jita-vishva
144:Gaṅgeyadeva
135:Gangeyadeva
77:Predecessor
24:Gangeyadeva
1209:Categories
1145:Kokalla II
877:. Vision.
601:References
571:Dimension:
526:shivalinga
406:Vijayapala
382:Vidyadhara
351:Somavamshi
340:Bhaumakara
269:Bhoj Shala
185:Kokalla II
127:Kokalla II
81:Kokalla II
1181:Jayasimha
1175:Narasimha
1169:Gayakarna
1118:Kokalla I
1059:977431956
931:566111008
579:Material:
520:Last days
419:, in the
394:Ghaznavid
320:Al-Biruni
254:Prashasti
240:Paramaras
87:Successor
1047:(1961).
893:52107183
554:shraddha
530:Shaivite
480:, whose
461:Ramayana
430:Mahipala
417:Varanasi
374:Chandela
362:Kalingas
203:Paramara
193:Maharaja
173:Varanasi
160:Paramara
54:seated.
984:. Vij.
971:7816720
912:8931757
595:Lakshmi
577:3.84 g
575:Weight:
561:Coinage
541:Prayaga
413:Prayaga
299:Kulenur
251:Udaipur
234:Kuntala
112:Dynasty
56:Reverse
52:Lakshmi
48:Obverse
1057:
1033:
1009:
988:
969:
948:
929:
910:
891:
881:
506:Bengal
486:Garuda
482:vahana
478:Vishnu
466:Tirhut
438:Punjab
425:Yamuna
402:Mahoba
378:Mahoba
332:Utkala
291:Mahoba
246:Kalvan
123:Father
581:Gold
470:Bihar
449:Palas
421:Ganga
207:Bhoja
205:king
164:Bhoja
162:king
102:Issue
69:Reign
1055:OCLC
1031:ISBN
1007:ISBN
986:ISBN
967:OCLC
946:ISBN
927:OCLC
908:OCLC
889:OCLC
879:ISBN
587:Obv:
583:Rev:
445:Anga
415:and
244:The
191:and
139:IAST
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