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Monterey Bay, which had been known to the
Spanish since Cabrillo's exploration in the sixteenth century. Despite the earlier explorations of Cabrillo and Vizcaíno, and despite two centuries of Spanish sailing the Pacific for trade between Asia and Mexico, the San Francisco Bay had been missed because of the fog that frequently shrouded its entrance. If the San Francisco Bay had been discovered earlier, the region surrounding would have been settled by the Spanish earlier since it would have provided a safe, convenient harbor for Spain's Pacific maritime trade.
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55:
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667:, the first ship to leave La Paz, having met with fierce winds and storms on the journey, arrived on April 29. A third vessel was to follow with supplies, but it was probably lost at sea. The land expedition of Portolá arrived on June 29. After their arduous journeys, most of the men aboard ship were ill, chiefly from
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The expedition followed the same route they had the previous winter while returning to San Diego. After 36 days on the road, with only two days of rest, Portolá arrived at his second cross on May 24, 1770. He then saw that on a clear day and from a certain point of view the round harbor assumed the
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After a march of some 400 miles (640 km) from San Diego and about 1,000 miles (1,600 km) from
Velicatá, they had reached the bay they were seeking. But they failed to discern the coastline's semi-circular shape, described by Vizcaíno as round like an "O", even though members of the party
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Portola
Parkway running through Irvine and Lake Forest (though not connected as of 2018), was also named after Portolà. It is said that Portolà used the same route Portola Parkway now runs across. Portola Drive, which runs parallel to and near the Monterey Bay shoreline, is the main street of the
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from the mountain range, as the bay was previously unknown to the
Spanish. This sighting was crucial to the later settlement of California because unlike Monterey Bay, it was surrounded by land on all sides except the Golden Gate, and thus it was not exposed to rough ocean currents as was the
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sailed on April 16, 1770. On board were Serra, Miguel
Costansó, military engineer and cartographer, and Doctor Pedro Prat, army surgeon, along with a cargo of supplies for the new mission at Monterey. On April 17, after mustering what forces he could, Portolá's land expedition, which included
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proportions described by the earlier enthusiastic explorers. Having recognized the bay, a Mass was conducted near the oak tree that the
Carmelite missionaries with Vizcaíno had worshiped under in 1603, and possession was officially taken. On June 3, 1770, they laid the beginnings of the
690:, Portolá and his expedition, consisting of Juan Crespí, 63 leather-jacket soldiers and 100 mules loaded down with provisions, headed north on July 14, 1769, marching two to four leagues (1 league = 2.6 miles) a day. The expedition recorded an
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area on
September 13. Unable to remain on the coast due to the steep, difficult terrain, the party turned inland. They marched through the San Antonio Valley and on October 1, Portolá's party emerged from the
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and awaited the arrival of the others. Because of an error by Vizcaíno in determining the latitude of the San Diego Harbor, the ships passed by it and landed too far north before finding their way back. The
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in 1988. The statue was taken down on
January 18, 2024, after years of complaint that the statue was honoring European colonization in the area. A ten-foot high oil-on-canvas portrait of Portolá by
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Dispatches of
January 23, 1768, exchanged between King Carlos and the viceroy, set the wheels in motion to extend Spain's control up the Pacific Coast and establish colonies and missions at
861:. After replenishing supplies at San Diego, Portolá and Serra decided on a joint expedition by land and sea to again search for the bay and establish a colony if they were successful. The
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623:. From there, Portolá's plan called for splitting the land expedition in two. The lead group, charged with building a wagon trail and pacifying the natives, was led by Captain
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One of Portolá's officers, Captain
Vicente Vila, convinced him that he had actually been exactly on the Bay of Monterey when he placed his second cross at what later became
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by fears that the territory would be claimed by foreign powers, in addition to its Catholic proselytizing mission and insatiable need for additional sources of income. The
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had twice marched along its beach. Having failed to find their goal, they marched on north and reached the area at the north end of the bay, where Crespí named a creek
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1045:. The school in Orange is close to the spot where the expedition crossed the Santa Ana River, and the school has a 60-foot mural depicting the Portolà Expedition.
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cavalry dragoon regiment. On February 7, 1786 he was appointed King's Lieutenant for the strongholds and castles of Lleida. He died that same year, in October.
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Portolá's party then headed back to San Diego, exploring and naming many localities in the region south of what eventually became known as the
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722:) where they built a bridge to cross over. This bridge ('La Puente' in Crespi's diary) is remembered in the name of today's nearby city of
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On November 4, having crossed the low coastal mountain range above the creek, the party was stunned to catch a glimpse of the enormous
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on the East Coast of North America, had also sent explorers into the Pacific. Russian fur hunters were pressing east from
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On their way past Monterey Bay they again failed to recognize it as the same bay that Vizcaíno had described in 1602.
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and Arroyo Seco river meet). The following day, they marched out the Indian trail that would one day become
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A Description of Distant Roads: Original Journals of the First Expedition into California, 1769–1770
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A number of schools in California were also named after him, including Portola Hills Elementary School in
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missionaries, took command of spiritual matters. Sea and land detachments were to meet at San Diego Bay.
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Nuttall, Donald A. (1971). "Gaspar de Portolá: Disenchanted Conquistador of Spanish Upper California".
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on February 15. At the same time, the various elements of the land parties began to move north from
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639:, left Velicatá on May 15. Junípero Serra founded two more missions during the expedition:
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and his associate, Francesc Carulla. It was given to the people of California by the
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810:. Surviving on mule meat for most of the journey, they arrived on January 24, 1770.
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written by Portolá in 1770 is the first published account of Spanish settlements in
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on October 18. Pushing on, they reached a creek in the present day town of
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at the California History & Culture Conservancy website (
957:(right). They were a gift to the people of California by the
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TESSA, Digital Collections of the Los Angeles Public Library
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Spanish exploration of the Northwest Coast of North America
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Governor Portolá's task was finished. He then left Captain
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serving as the expedition's chaplain, again marched north.
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officer and colonial administrator who served as the first
410:
Gaspar de Portolá y Rovira was born on January 1, 1716 in
1251:
Howgego, Raymond John, ed. (2003). "Portola, Gaspar de".
1057:. Portola Avenue is also a north-south street located in
1160:"History Department Murals, Los Angeles Public Library"
1135:"History Department Murals, Los Angeles Public Library"
714:(North Harbor Boulevard). They moved north-west to the
466:. He then ensured the missions were turned over to the
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Portola Discovery Site in San Mateo County, California
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Twin statues of Gaspar de Portolá by Spanish sculptor
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and other outposts on the Pacific Coast north of the
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Sweeney Ridge, Golden Gate National Recreation Area
654:in May, established a camp in the area that is now
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79:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
698:. On July 29 they reached the site of present-day
1108:"Portola statue removed after years of complaint"
1095:factcards.califa.org, Gaspar de Portolá i Rovira
1236:. San Diego: San Diego State University Press.
42: and the second or maternal family name is
27:Spanish Army officer and colonial administrator
1374:
8:
1319:Early Exploration of San Diego: 1542 to 1769
1315:at the San Diego Historical Society website
422:. After he came of age, Portolá joined the
354:(January 1, 1716 – October 10, 1786) was a
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1367:
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559:In May 1768, the Spanish Visitor General,
163:
152:
845:Plaque honoring Gaspar de Portolá at the
706:. On July 30, the expedition crossed the
189:November 30, 1767 – July 9, 1770
139:Learn how and when to remove this message
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902:in charge, and on June 9 he sailed for
650:Rivera reached the site of present-day
458:, Portolá was tasked with removing the
884:Mission San Carlos Borromeo de Carmelo
742:. Winding around to the area of later
645:Mission San Carlos Borromeo de Carmelo
607:on January 10, 1769 and a second, the
1025:, Gaspar de Portola Middle School in
1012:Portola neighborhood of San Francisco
589:honoring Portolá's first sighting of
7:
1139:Calisphere, University of California
77:adding citations to reliable sources
1255:. Hordern House. pp. 853–854.
1253:Encyclopedia of Exploration to 1800
1232:Crespí, Juan; Alan K Brown (2001).
1068:In World War II, the United States
464:Spanish missions in Baja California
370:, he is best known for leading the
1954:American people of Catalan descent
1909:Spanish explorers of North America
1106:Lambert, Clay (January 18, 2024).
754:on August 19, and the present day
750:, they reached the area to become
490:Timeline of the Portolà expedition
25:
1939:Military personnel from Catalonia
1184:Brown, Thomas P. (May 30, 1940).
849:, his family's ancestral home in
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319:
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53:
1041:, & Portola High School in
1021:, Portola Elementary School in
64:needs additional citations for
1306:Biography of Gaspar de Portolá
1221:"Gaspar de Portolá and Rovira"
1219:Alvarez, Jose Manuel Serrano.
726:. They arrived in what is now
498:Spain was driven to establish
440:War of the Austrian Succession
1:
1959:People from Noguera (comarca)
1272:Southern California Quarterly
989:Los Angeles Central Library's
763:and reached the mouth of the
571:, leader of the expedition's
478:Expedition to Las Californias
1899:Governors of the Californias
1329:Portolá's History and Statue
1225:Real Academia de la Historia
663:arrived on April 11 and the
444:Spanish invasion of Portugal
34:, the first or paternal
1934:18th-century Spanish people
1929:18th-century Mexican people
1029:, Portola Middle School in
967:A 9 foot (2.7 m) statue in
835:Lluís Montané i Mollfulleda
617:Loreto, Baja California Sur
434:in 1743. He saw service in
426:, being commissioned as an
362:from 1767 to 1770. Born in
360:governor of the Californias
177:Governor of the Californias
1975:
1014:were named after Portolà.
487:
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352:Gaspar de Portolá y Rovira
260:October 10, 1786 (aged 70)
241:Gaspar de Portolà i Rovira
29:
1914:Spanish untitled nobility
1904:People of the Californias
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625:Fernando Rivera y Moncada
504:Baja California Peninsula
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1078:was named in his honor.
959:Generalitat of Catalonia
847:Castle of Pradell de Sió
452:expulsion of the Jesuits
442:and participated in the
1949:Soldiers from Catalonia
1894:Explorers of California
1560:Brig. Gen. Micheltorena
1390:Governors of California
825:Monument to Portolá at
738:to the present site of
730:on August 2,(where the
680:Sant Esteve de la Sarga
678:Monument to Portolá in
563:, began to organize an
418:into a family of minor
398:Monument to Portolá in
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833:, by Catalan sculptor
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637:José Raimundo Carrillo
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510:, who had established
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1944:People from Catalonia
1035:Portola Middle School
987:in 1929 hangs in the
977:Josep Maria Subirachs
947:Josep Maria Subirachs
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761:Santa Lucia Mountains
700:Fullerton, California
686:Eager to press on to
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643:on July 16, 1769 and
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488:Further information:
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1333:Pacifica, California
1190:Indian Valley Record
971:was sculpted by the
969:Pacifica, California
955:Pacifica, California
888:Presidio of Monterey
776:Estracto de Noticias
597:The first ship, the
587:Pacifica, California
73:improve this article
1574:Under U.S. military
1521:Brig. Gen. Figueroa
1213:Further information
641:San Diego de Alcalá
368:aristocratic family
88:"Gaspar de Portolá"
1541:Lt. Col. Gutiérrez
1531:Lt. Col. Gutiérrez
1516:Lt. Col. Echeandía
1501:Lt. Col. Echeandía
1311:2009-05-03 at the
981:Catalan government
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736:Wilshire Boulevard
694:on July 28 at the
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583:Portolá expedition
554:Sebastián Vizcaíno
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535:Portolá expedition
484:Portolá expedition
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372:Portolá expedition
210:Office established
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1496:Capt. L. Argüello
1460:Capt. J. Argüello
1425:Capt-Gen. de Neve
1345:website article (
1186:"Over the Sierra"
1075:Gaspar de Portola
1055:Santa Cruz County
951:Arties, Catalonia
817:Second expedition
800:San Francisco Bay
732:Los Angeles River
716:San Gabriel River
647:on June 3, 1770.
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985:Albert Herter
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550:Juan Cabrillo
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542:San Diego Bay
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526:and beyond.
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90: –
89:
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84:Find sources:
78:
74:
68:
67:
62:This article
60:
56:
51:
50:
45:
41:
37:
33:
19:
1868:By education
1641:(since 1850)
1611:Maj. Frémont
1609:
1606:
1595:
1592:
1551:
1548:
1484:Under Mexico
1420:Capt. Rivera
1409:
1275:
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1200:– via
1194:. Retrieved
1189:
1179:
1167:. Retrieved
1163:
1154:
1142:. Retrieved
1138:
1129:
1117:. Retrieved
1111:
1101:
1090:
1074:
1070:liberty ship
1067:
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1016:
994:The city of
993:
966:
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880:
862:
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805:
797:
785:
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740:Santa Monica
708:Puente Hills
688:Monterey Bay
685:
682:, Catalonia.
664:
660:
649:
611:sailed from
608:
599:
596:
585:monument in
558:
546:Monterey Bay
539:
497:
424:Spanish Army
409:
356:Spanish Army
351:
347:
217:Succeeded by
209:
184:
150:
135:
126:
116:
109:
102:
95:
83:
71:Please help
66:verification
63:
43:
39:
32:Spanish name
1924:1786 deaths
1919:1716 births
1858:Before 1850
1604:Gen. Kearny
1597:Gen. Flores
1585:Cdre. Sloat
1577:(1846–1850)
1565:Don P. Pico
1511:Don P. Pico
1487:(1822–1846)
1445:Col. Bórica
1435:Capt. Roméu
1401:(1769–1822)
1398:Under Spain
1202:Google News
1192:. p. 3
1119:January 18,
1059:Palm Desert
1027:Tierrasanta
953:(left) and
900:Pedro Fages
876:Juan Crespí
868:Pedro Fages
866:lieutenant
863:San Antonio
808:Golden Gate
774:The famous
728:Los Angeles
661:San Antonio
629:Juan Crespí
609:San Antonio
533:Map of the
518:across the
468:Franciscans
446:during the
438:during the
265:, Catalonia
222:Pedro Fages
205:Preceded by
198:Charles III
1888:Categories
1863:Since 1850
1820:Deukmejian
1770:Richardson
1760:H. Johnson
1665:J. Johnson
1638:U.S. state
1628:Gen. Riley
1623:Gen. Smith
1618:Gen. Mason
1614:(mutineer)
1536:Col. Chico
1430:Col. Fages
1415:Col. Fages
1262:1875567364
1082:References
1010:, and the
894:Later life
789:Santa Cruz
780:California
756:San Simeon
692:earthquake
665:San Carlos
600:San Carlos
573:Franciscan
565:expedition
472:Dominicans
432:lieutenant
390:Early life
376:California
327:Spain Army
295:Allegiance
99:newspapers
40:de Portolá
1023:San Bruno
975:sculptor
918:Memorials
872:muleteers
831:Barcelona
724:La Puente
652:San Diego
522:into the
454:from the
416:Catalonia
404:Catalonia
380:San Diego
364:Catalonia
278:Signature
251:Catalonia
185:In office
129:June 2019
1840:J. Brown
1815:J. Brown
1805:P. Brown
1765:Stephens
1730:Waterman
1725:Bartlett
1720:Stoneman
1685:Stanford
1655:McDougal
1553:Carrillo
1465:Don Solá
1347:archived
1337:archived
1323:archived
1309:Archived
1292:41170367
1053:area of
961:in 1988.
912:Numancia
904:San Blas
851:Preixens
793:Pacifica
720:El Monte
712:La Habra
656:Old Town
500:missions
400:Balaguer
384:Monterey
366:into an
30:In this
1873:Spouses
1785:Merriam
1755:Gillett
1735:Markham
1715:Perkins
1705:Pacheco
1650:Burnett
1600:(rival)
1556:(rival)
1169:June 1,
1144:June 1,
1061:in the
1031:Tarzana
996:Portola
973:Catalan
621:mission
516:Siberia
508:British
460:Jesuits
349:Captain
337:Captain
194:Monarch
113:scholar
36:surname
1845:Newsom
1825:Wilson
1810:Reagan
1800:Knight
1795:Warren
1750:Pardee
1695:Haight
1680:Downey
1675:Latham
1670:Weller
1660:Bigler
1290:
1259:
1240:
1196:May 7,
1043:Irvine
1039:Orange
908:Puebla
874:, and
744:Saugus
718:(near
669:scurvy
605:La Paz
428:ensign
324:
305:
263:Lleida
115:
108:
101:
94:
86:
44:Rovira
1830:Davis
1790:Olson
1780:Rolph
1775:Young
1710:Irwin
1700:Booth
1288:JSTOR
462:from
436:Italy
374:into
308:Spain
120:JSTOR
106:books
1745:Gage
1740:Budd
1257:ISBN
1238:ISBN
1198:2015
1171:2023
1146:2023
1121:2024
552:and
544:and
492:and
382:and
333:Rank
257:Died
237:Born
92:news
1690:Low
1331:in
1280:doi
1073:SS
1037:in
1006:in
998:in
829:in
702:at
75:by
38:is
1890::
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20:)
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