340:) form displays an olive hue on its upper body, featuring black wing feathers with green edges and a black tail adorned with white tips. The areas around its eyes (lores), neck, chin, throat, and breast are dark and iridescent, accompanied by yellow pectoral tufts. The lower portion of the bird is dark yellow, sometimes with a brown band encircling the gorget area. The iris is dark brown, while its bill and legs are black. Non-breeding males often have the glossy black coloration limited to the central throat stripe, which may represent juvenile birds transitioning to their adult plumage. In contrast, the female exhibits an upper body of greenish olive, featuring a pale-yellowish stripe above the eyes, yellowish borders on its wing feathers, a tail with black and white markings, and a deep yellow color on the lower portion of its body, slightly lighter on the undertail feathers. Juvenile birds resemble the female but tend to be paler and browner in appearance.
552:
38:
322:
101:
76:
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52:
596:
The female garden sunbird builds the nest using grass, cotton, moss, lichens, leaf fragments, vegetable fibers, and spider webs, lined with bark or feathers. The nest has the form of a hanging oval pouch with a sheltered side opening, often featuring a dangling "beard." She lays eggs in May and June.
575:
provinces of China to the
Philippines, Indonesia, New Guinea, Solomon Islands, Papua New Guinea and northeastern Australia. It inhabits forests, shrublands, grasslands and artificial habitats. The garden sunbird has adapted well to human environments and is common in fairly densely populated areas,
313:. It is a small, brightly coloured bird with olive-green plumage on the wings and back with a bright yellow chest. It has a long downward-curved bill it uses for taking nectar and capturing insects. It is primarily nectarivorous, but will take insects and spiders, particularly when feeding chicks.
597:
Sunbirds feed largely on nectar, although they will also take insects, especially when feeding young. Most species can take nectar by hovering, but usually perch to feed most of the time.
369:
386:, he added 240 species that had been previously described by Brisson. One of these was the olive-backed sunbird. Linnaeus included a brief description, coined the
1211:
333:
The garden sunbird is 10–11.4 cm (3.9–4.5 in) in size; males weigh 6.7–11.9 g (0.24–0.42 oz) and females 6–10 g (0.21–0.35 oz).
1306:
782:
Systema naturae : per regna tria natura, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis, Volume 1, Part 1
829:
Le Règne animal distribué d'après son organisation : pour servir de base a l'histoire naturelle des animaux et d'introduction a l'anatomie comparée
1278:
1159:
1185:
1331:
963:
886:"Small islands and large biogeographic barriers have driven contrasting speciation patterns in Indo-Pacific sunbirds (Aves: Nectariniidae)"
551:
37:
884:Ó Marcaigh, F.; Kelly, D.J.; O’Connell, D.P.; Analuddin, K.; Karya, A.; McCloughan, J.; Tolan, E.; Lawless, N.; Marples, N.M. (2023).
1321:
1326:
1316:
383:
733:
The two stars (**) at the start of the section indicates that
Brisson based his description on the examination of a specimen.
1190:
417:
The garden sunbird (under the name olive-backed sunbird) formerly included 21 subspecies and had a range that extended from
425:
DNA sequences of some of the subspecies, the olive-backed sunbird was split into eight species. The seven new species are:
491:
1097:
1058:
560:
728:
Ornithologie, ou, Méthode contenant la division des oiseaux en ordres, sections, genres, especes & leurs variétés
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Jobling, J.A. (2018). del Hoyo, J.; Elliott, A.; Sargatal, J.; Christie, D.A.; de Juana, E. (eds.).
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731:(in French and Latin). Vol. 3. Paris: Jean-Baptiste Bauche. pp. 616–618, Plate 32 fig 5.
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Australia. Based on the difference in the male plumage and a genetic study comparing
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Cheke, R.; Mann, C.; Kirwan, G.M.; Christie, D.A. (2023). "Garden
Sunbird (
690:
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based on a specimen collected in the
Philippines. He used the French name
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749:(1910). "Collation of Brisson's genera of birds with those of Linnaeus".
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19:"Yellow-bellied sunbird" redirects here. For the African species, see
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364:. Although Brisson coined Latin names, these do not conform to the
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of India, Myanmar, Thailand, Peninsular
Malaysia and Indochina to
550:
513:
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142:
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832:(in French). Vol. 1. Paris: Déterville. pp. 388–389.
404:
for 'of the throat'. This species is now placed in the genus
688:), version 1.0". In Keeney, B.K.; Billerman, S.M. (eds.).
352:
included a description of the olive-backed sunbird in his
927:
Cheke, R.; Mann, C.; Kirwan, G.M.; Christie, D. (2023).
1253:
1005:
370:
International
Commission on Zoological Nomenclature
751:Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History
689:
660:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T103804139A94552679.en
939:. Ithaca, NY, USA: Cornell Lab of Ornithology.
696:. Ithaca, NY, USA: Cornell Lab of Ornithology.
281:island group. It was formerly considered to be
859:"Dippers, leafbirds, flowerpeckers, sunbirds"
410:that was introduced by the French naturalist
8:
576:where it builds nests in human settlements.
935:. In Keeney, B.K.; Billerman, S.M. (eds.).
613:as it is common throughout its wide range.
559:The garden sunbird is distributed from the
993:
605:The garden sunbird has been classified as
74:
50:
36:
27:
911:
901:
890:Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society
658:
802:Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive
798:"Key to Scientific Names in Ornithology"
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372:. When in 1766 the Swedish naturalist
865:. International Ornithologists' Union
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484:Three subspecies are now recognised:
7:
1307:IUCN Red List least concern species
646:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
358:Le petit grimpereau des Philippines
1064:Nectarinia_(Cyrtostomus)_jugularis
528:group (north to south Philippines)
14:
329:), showing it's iridescent throat
863:IOC World Bird List Version 14.1
99:
635:BirdLife International (2016).
393:and cited Brisson's work. The
368:and are not recognised by the
285:with seven other species: the
1:
348:In 1760 the French zoologist
1332:Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus
561:Andaman and Nicobar Islands
261:), previously known as the
1348:
903:10.1093/zoolinnean/zlac081
362:Certhia Philippensis Minor
336:The male in its nominate (
18:
723:Brisson, Mathurin Jacques
653:: e.T103804139A94552679.
512:, 1766) – central, south
227:
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96:Scientific classification
94:
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1322:Birds of the Philippines
857:, eds. (December 2023).
547:Distribution and habitat
350:Mathurin Jacques Brisson
1327:Birds described in 1766
1317:Birds of Southeast Asia
945:10.2173/bow.olbsun31.01
702:10.2173/bow.olbsun31.01
542:in southern Philippines
502:in northern Philippines
959:"Olive-backed Sunbird"
593:
556:
467:South Moluccan sunbird
330:
307:South Moluccan sunbird
587:
580:Behaviour and ecology
555:Female garden sunbird
554:
324:
273:that is found in the
242:(Linnaeus, 1766)
263:olive-backed sunbird
239:Nectarinia jugularis
471:Cinnyris clementiae
455:Cinnyris infrenatus
269:bird in the family
234:Linnaeus, 1766
66:Conservation status
1243:Cinnyris-jugularis
1051:Cinnyris_jugularis
1037:Cinnyris jugularis
1007:Cinnyris jugularis
988:Birds of the World
966:2014-12-21 at the
937:Birds of the World
931:Cinnyris jugularis
853:; Donsker, David;
692:Birds of the World
686:Cinnyris jugularis
639:Cinnyris jugularis
594:
557:
479:Cinnyris idenburgi
463:Cinnyris teysmanni
459:Flores Sea sunbird
451:Tukangbesi sunbird
331:
303:Flores Sea sunbird
299:Tukangbesi sunbird
265:, is a species of
258:Cinnyris jugularis
205:Cinnyris jugularis
1294:
1293:
1255:Certhia jugularis
1225:Open Tree of Life
999:Taxon identifiers
929:"Garden Sunbird (
855:Rasmussen, Pamela
475:Mamberamo sunbird
447:Cinnyris frenatus
391:Certhia jugularis
325:Male (subspecies
311:Mamberamo sunbird
249:
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231:Certhia jugularis
187:C. jugularis
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506:C. j. jugularis
500:Babuyan Islands
494:, 1894 – north
489:C. j. obscurior
439:Cinnyris aurora
435:Palawan sunbird
384:twelfth edition
379:Systema Naturae
366:binomial system
346:
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291:Palawan sunbird
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427:ornate sunbird
419:Southeast Asia
412:Georges Cuvier
402:Medieval Latin
360:and the Latin
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287:ornate sunbird
277:except on the
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867:. Retrieved
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601:Conservation
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1173:iNaturalist
1031:Wikispecies
913:2262/101492
851:Gill, Frank
757:: 317–335.
747:Allen, J.A.
666:12 November
590:wild ginger
532:C. j. woodi
317:Description
283:conspecific
275:Philippines
1301:Categories
1238:Xeno-canto
869:4 February
707:4 February
617:References
588:Male on a
567:, Guanxi,
538:, 1909) –
1270:Q28864861
1204:103804139
1090:103804139
569:Guangdong
414:in 1816.
398:jugularis
338:jugularis
327:jugularis
267:passerine
181:Species:
119:Kingdom:
113:Eukaryota
1312:Cinnyris
1264:Wikidata
1139:olbsun31
1113:olbsun31
1085:BirdLife
1016:Wikidata
964:Archived
826:(1816).
779:(1766).
763:2246/678
725:(1760).
526:Mindanao
510:Linnaeus
407:Cinnyris
382:for the
344:Taxonomy
309:and the
222:Synonyms
213:Linnaeus
174:Cinnyris
159:Family:
133:Chordata
129:Phylum:
123:Animalia
109:Domain:
86:IUCN 3.1
1284:8785663
1165:7340578
1072:Avibase
1022:Q766717
961:. 2014.
609:on the
522:Visayas
518:Mindoro
516:group,
279:Palawan
215:, 1766)
169:Genus:
149:Order:
139:Class:
84: (
59:Female
1230:286089
1217:233794
1191:916461
1178:145194
1152:CINNJU
1103:118830
592:flower
573:Hainan
565:Yunnan
536:Mearns
473:) and
1134:eBird
1126:5Z75C
1110:BOW:
983:eBird
808:8 May
514:Luzon
496:Luzon
45:Male
1279:GBIF
1212:NCBI
1199:IUCN
1186:ITIS
1160:GBIF
1147:EPPO
1098:BOLD
871:2024
810:2018
709:2024
668:2021
651:2016
524:and
498:and
251:The
143:Aves
1121:CoL
1059:AFD
1046:ADW
941:doi
908:hdl
898:doi
894:198
759:hdl
698:doi
655:doi
481:).
465:),
457:),
449:),
441:),
433:),
400:is
1303::
1281::
1266::
1240::
1227::
1214::
1201::
1188::
1175::
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1149::
1136::
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1074::
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906:.
892:.
888:.
861:.
838:^
800:.
755:28
753:.
738:^
676:^
649:.
643:.
625:^
571:,
520:,
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