689:
still enjoy their land rights, a right that would not have been possible if they were removed. The
Bungeni community is still waiting for the transfer of the eastern part of Nwaxinyamani village back into its tribal authority, the piece of land was stolen during the 1960s when demarcation was done between Nkhensani tribal authority (people of Chavani village) and Bungeni tribal authority (people of Bungeni). The piece of land that must transferred back to Bungeni is known as Skhosana village, which is today part of nwaxinyamani, during the 1960s, that land belonged to Hosi Makhoma Skhunyani, and if everything goes according to plan, Bungeni new stands, under Hosi Makhoma Skhunyani, will be joined with Skhosana village and form part of Hosi Makhoma's land.
744:(EPCSA). The Swiss missionaries at Elim were responsible for the disappearance of Njhakanjhaka paramount chieftainship since they are the ones that decided that Elim, as a 'Capital' site of the Swiss Mission Church in South Africa, should be run and managed by the Church, as a result, no new chief of the Njhakanjhaka clan was appointed after 1930. The Swiss Mission Church in South Africa was later, during the 1960s, to play a positive role and to the benefit of the Njhakanjhaka chieftainship since they actively opposed the forced removal of the Elim Shirley Community. Between 1930 up until 1995, the Njhakanjhaka chieftainship disappeared from the scene, it was only restored in 1995 by President
666:
Pretoria during the 1970s that "there will be bloodshed if the central government goes ahead and forcibly remove the people of
Valdezia", the threat to forcibly remove the people of Valdezia went on until 1984 when the South African government announced that "Valdezia will no longer be removed as originally planned by the central government, rather it will be retained as a detached area of Gazankulu". For more than 18-years, Professor Ntsanwisi successfully resisted the forced removal of the people of Valdezia, to this day, the community of Valdezia still enjoy their land rights, which would not be possible today should the central government had gone ahead with forced removal.
1273:
572:. The above townships were curved out of land owned by local Traditional leaders or tribal chiefs. In Waterval, the land traditionally belong to Hosi Njhakanjhaka of the Mukhari-Xilumani clan, in Giyani, the land belong to Hosi Risinga of the Chabalala clan, in Nkowankowa, the land belong to Hosi Muhlava II of the Nkuna clan, in Lulekani, the land belong to Hosi Majeje(M.Ntsan'wisi) of the Maluleke clan, in Thulamahashe, the land belong to Hosi Nxumalo of the Ndwandwe-Zwide clan and in Mkhuhlu, the land belong to Hosi Hoxani of the Nkuna Clan.
2196:
2353:
1701:
1662:
1473:
1996:
371:
1042:
203:
1541:
162:
1764:
1343:
815:(35 000 people). In total, Hlanganani district lost 40 000 people to both the Greater Giyani and Greater Letaba local Municipalities in 1994, while Makhado local municipality was the biggest beneficiary of the former Hlanganani district, it took more than 130 000 people from the former Hlanganani in 1994 when the district was broken-up. The Greater Giyani Local Municipality was merged with some parts of Bolobedu (Northern Sotho speaking),
2070:
150:
396:
2298:
2125:
1917:
1434:
1862:
1580:
1494:
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dump them at an arid place in around
Malamulele. Professor Ntsanwisi successfully challenged the government of the day against the forced removal of the Elim Shirley community, to this day, the Tsonga people at Elim Shirley still enjoy their land rights. Elim Hospital, which was also scheduled to be removed into a village in Malamulele, is today a living Tsonga monument within the Elim Shirley community.
512:
the central government's unilateral land demarcations, which resulted in 3 large Tsonga exclaves. Despite
Professor H.W.E Ntsanwisi's protests at unilateral land demarcations, the central government went ahead to create 3 large Tsonga exclaves, which the Tsonga people opposed unconditionally throughout the 1960s, 1970's and 1980's. Gazankulu shared borders with other black homelands, which were,
2235:
1364:
34:
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Gazankulu. These lands were collectively known as the "Tsonga finger" by the apartheid government and the Tsonga people were to be removed in their great numbers, this is a proud home of the Tsonga people in the Elim area. Professor H.W.E Ntsanwisi successfully claimed back the "Tsonga finger" after the central government failed to forcibly removed the Tsonga people.
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1960, hosi
Mahatlani was de-recognised by the apartheid government and handed over to Hosi Bungeni as his Induna. Today, hosi Mahatlani is considered a rebel at Bungeni village because he is refusing to participate in the Bungeni tribal authority as an induna. Just like hosi Mtsetweni, his chieftainship is currently being investigated by the kgatla commission.
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The fate that befell hosi Malele and his Wayeni community during the 1960s was rather regrettable. His land was reduced into a small village and his seniority taken away, he was given to Hosi
Bungeni as his headman. Malele' land was big and he occupied the rolling hills southeast of Elim known to the
688:
community, to be removed from the entire area completely and relocated into unknown location. Professor
Ntsanwisi successfully claimed back the entire Bungeni community against the central government's intention to forcibly remove them from the entire Levubu valley. To this day, the Bungeni community
605:
Gazankulu had 16 modern shopping centres, which are; Bindzulani in
Nkowankowa; Elim Mall in Elim, Hubyeni Shopping Centre in Elim, Giyani Regional Mall, Masingita shopping complex (Giyani), Masingita Mall (Giyani), Masingita Plaza (Giyani), Malamulele Crossing (Malamulele), Mangalani Shopping complex
782:
The land on the hill east of
Nwanancila river known today as Skhosana village (under headman Nwaxinyamani) up until the eastern side of Rivolwa mountain and the village of Bodwe is the land of Headman Skhunyani and his people. They were expelled in 1960 and dumped at a village known today as Bungeni
773:
Just like hosi Malele of Wayeni, hosi
Mahatlani's land became a dumping ground for all communities that were removed from their land by the apartheid government and dumped on his land. The village of Ribungwani and Masakona have taken land that previously fell under hosi Mahatlani's jurisdiction. In
719:
Another important chief in the Elim area had his chieftainship interfered with, his land was reduced into a small village on a mountain slope just east of Elim. He was given to Hosi Chavani as his headman. Hosi Bokisi, just like Hosi Mtsetweni, is a fully fledged senior chief of the Bokisi community
511:
Before the 1913 Land Act, Bushbuckridge, Phalaborwa and Tzaneen were not Tsonga exclaves, they were physically connected with other Tsongas of Elim, Giyani and Malamulele. The 1913 Land Act resulted in 3 large Tsonga exclaves, during the 1960s, Professor H.W.E Ntsanwisi fought unsuccessfully against
665:
river, was also threatened with forced removal during the 1960s, the central government has already finalised the removal of the entire community to an unknown location. With regards to Valdezia, Professor Ntsanwisi has issued a warning and declaration of war against the central government, he told
751:
However, during the 1960s, the apartheid government gave some form of recognition to the Njhakanjhaka chieftainship, the incumbent was given a status of an independent headman without a chief, but a tribal office was not granted until 1995. The land of Hosinkulu Njhakanjhaka was greatly reduced in
702:
During the 1960s, many Vatsonga chiefs lost their status as senior chiefs and have their lands greatly reduced when homelands were created and political boundaries demarcated. One of the most important chief in the Elim area to have his land and chieftainship taken away was Hosi Mtsetweni, a fully
673:
However, after the central government's failure to remove all the Tsonga people from the "Tsonga finger", they did manage to remove one Tsonga chief from his land, Hosi Bokisi in 1968. In 2016, a descendant of the late chief Bokisi managed to get back all his grandfather's land that was taken, the
654:
Under the leadership of Professor H.W.E Ntsanwisi, Gazankulu has successfully resisted forced removal of Tsonga people in the following areas during the 1960s, Elim Shirley community, the central government has already finalised the plan to forcibly remove the Tsonga from Elim Shirley farms and to
783:
new stands. Headman Skhunyani, along with headman Nwaxinyamani, are the original headmen of Hosi Bungeni and fell under the jurisdiction of Hosi Bungeni from the time they took up the land some centuries ago. Consequently, Skhunyani, known today as Skhosana, is the original land of Hosi Bungeni.
650:
in Mpumalanga Province. From the year 1899 until the 1960s, the land was cut off into small pieces by the Colonial Government until the Tsonga land was reduced to four territories. The cutting off of Tsonga land was in line with the 1913 Land Act, where 13% of South African land was allocated to
580:
Gazankulu had 9 district hospitals, which are; Elim Hospital in Elim, Nkhensani Hospital in Giyani, eVuxakeni Psychiatrist Hospital in Giyani, Malamulele Hospital in Malamulele, Letaba Hospital in Tzaneen, Shiluvane hospital in Tzaneen, Tintswalo Hospital in Bushbuckridge, Masana hospital in
669:
Ribolla community of Mbhokota, Chavani, Bokisi, Riverplaats and some parts of Nwaxinyamani. As the name suggests, these communities are found on the western, southern and eastern parts of Mount Ribola, a prominent landmark mountain around Elim. Forced removals were a reality in this part of
765:
apartheid government as "Bellevue". Hosi Malele was an independent senior chief with a big land like hosi Bokisi. Today, he is trying to reassert his autonomy by refusing to participate in the Bungeni tribal authority since originally he never reported nor fell under Hosi Bungeni.
585:. In addition, these district hospitals are attached to more than 150 Community Health Centres and clinics. Masana Hospital was later, in 1976, given to Mapulana people, a close neighbour of Tsonga people in Bushbuckridge and is known today as Mapulaneng Hospital. Elim Hospital in
606:(Malamulele), Acornhoek Plaza (Bushbuckridge), Acornhoek Mall (Bushbuckridge), Thulamahashe Plaza (Bushbuckridge), Thula Mall in Thulamahashe (Bushbuckridge), Dwarsloop Mall (Bushbuckridge), Twin City Bushbuckridge (Bushbuckridge) and Mkhuhlu Plaza (Hazyview).
711:. Before he was de-recognized by the government in 1960, he had the same status as Hosi Bungeni, also in terms of land mass. After the 1994 democratic elections, the new government is still trying to solve this problem through its Katla commission.
703:
fledged senior chief with a vast land. After he was de-recognized by the government, he was given to Hosi Bungeni as his headman, his land greatly reduced into a very small village called ka-Mtsetweni 3 km south of
471:
being the two largest Tsonga settlements in the Levubu river valley, with a combined population of more than 50 000 people, according to the mid-2015 population statistics and stretched down up to the banks of the
799:
provinces. In 1994, Gazankulu was sub-divided into different municipalities cross-cutting linguistic and cultural boundaries, a feature of a new democratic South Africa. The western district of former
732:
area, his jurisdiction covers almost all areas where Tsonga people live in the Makhado area. However, his paramountancy as chief of all Vatsonga in the Makhado area was highly contested by
2808:
2798:
2425:
2788:
741:
736:, who declared himself chief of all Vatsonga people in the Makhado area. The paramount chieftainship was lost in 1930 upon the death of Hosinkulu Njhakanjhaka at
2803:
202:
532:
Gazankulu had 10 formal townships, which were all created and built by the Apartheid Government from the late 1960s until the late 1980s, they are;
740:
Shirley farm, after the death of the great Njhakanjhaka, the whole village of Elim was run and managed by the Swiss Mission Church, known today as
2418:
960:
1030:
929:
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674:
old Bokisi has been claimed back and chief Bokisi has demarcated residential stands, next to chavani village, alongside the Elim road.
2411:
840:
524:. These 3 other black homelands, like Gazankulu, also experienced land grabs and unfair land allocations from the central government.
488:. Total length of Gazankulu, from Elim Hospital to Hazyview, was 317 km long, which is a distance equivalent of travelling from
812:
808:
622:. All Investments in the Homeland of Gazankulu were concentrated in these two towns, which were also Industrial Zones in the former
117:
874:
800,000 or 4% of the province. With the total population in 2011 being 2.3 million or 5% of South Africa's total population.
856:
832:
2744:
1878:
1342:
1337:
1237:
1191:
1316:
986:
161:
55:
1242:
820:
98:
748:. However, the status of Njhakanjhaka as a paramount chief was not restored, he was only recognised as a senior chief.
492:
to Harrismith. The homeland consisted of the 'Mainland Gazankulu' which were Elim, Giyani and Malamulele, with 3 large
70:
1008:
597:
were Swiss Mission Hospitals, having established by the Swiss Missionaries who brought Gospel to the Tsonga people.
2730:
804:
51:
44:
2322:
77:
1604:
1407:
2695:
2314:
1894:
1023:
389:
376:
2251:
2157:
1788:
684:
river valley and the most populous Tsonga settlement in the whole Elim area, was, alongside its neighbour,
84:
2701:
1411:
1297:
149:
2165:
1741:
2707:
2475:
1831:
1807:
1780:
848:
2094:
2086:
1510:
66:
2495:
2212:
2149:
2039:
1678:
1450:
1823:
1518:
1041:
2551:
2465:
2141:
1540:
1535:
1216:
1016:
2369:
2783:
2267:
2102:
1957:
1815:
1733:
623:
428:
244:
862:
The population of the former Gazankulu, according to the 2011 census, is spread out as follows;
2575:
2533:
1057:
956:
950:
2605:
2569:
2557:
2047:
2012:
1965:
1612:
892:
733:
240:
886:
720:
but was reduced to a status of a headman, his land greatly reduced to few hundred hectares
2593:
2587:
2581:
2545:
2330:
2275:
1973:
1717:
1557:
639:
236:
184:
987:"Census > 1991 > RSA > Variable Description > Person file > District code"
2653:
2617:
2455:
2377:
2259:
2173:
1949:
1941:
1639:
1272:
1267:
1082:
745:
91:
756:, Magangeni, eka-Mabobo and Njhakanjhaka were left for him to exercise his authority.
2777:
2020:
1886:
1620:
1289:
844:
590:
565:
497:
424:
2713:
2521:
1933:
1839:
1763:
1758:
1725:
1596:
1165:
1053:
852:
2403:
990:
2539:
2069:
2064:
1380:
1320:
1170:
473:
33:
17:
807:(130 000 people), the southern part of Hlanganani was divided and allocated to
2677:
2611:
2599:
2297:
2292:
2124:
2119:
1916:
1911:
1661:
1656:
1433:
1428:
1388:
1221:
1201:
1196:
1175:
1123:
916:
904:
867:
839:, under Hosi Muhlaba and other Tsonga areas in Ritavi has been merged to form
816:
800:
796:
708:
557:
545:
541:
505:
485:
436:
2759:
2746:
2460:
1861:
1472:
1467:
1206:
1049:
1046:
836:
828:
561:
448:
420:
416:
216:
568:, Thulamahashe in Bushbuckridge, Dwarsloop in Bushbuckridge and Mkhuhlu in
2671:
2647:
2508:
2445:
1995:
1990:
1579:
1574:
1493:
1488:
1211:
1118:
1092:
910:
824:
753:
737:
685:
658:
647:
619:
614:
There were two major Industrial Zones in Gazankulu, which were Letaba in
586:
582:
569:
553:
533:
521:
493:
489:
481:
464:
791:
Gazankulu, as a political entity, no longer exists, it is today part of
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2195:
2190:
1128:
871:
863:
792:
729:
677:
643:
635:
615:
594:
549:
501:
477:
468:
456:
432:
811:(5 000 people), while the eastern part of Hlanganani was allocated to
2665:
2641:
2635:
2450:
2352:
2347:
2234:
2229:
1363:
1358:
1138:
1133:
1087:
898:
704:
681:
662:
537:
517:
460:
452:
226:
634:
The land of the Tsonga people proper starts from Elim Hospital near
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community, the only remaining Tsonga community in the heart of the
2659:
1700:
1695:
1097:
513:
2407:
1259:
1012:
882:
Districts of the homeland and population in the 1991 census.
455:. Gazankulu homeland officially starts at Elim Hospital, near
27:
23:
Apartheid-era Tsonga bantustan in South Africa (c. 1973β1994)
989:. Statistics South Africa β Nesstar WebView. Archived from
451:
from the central government in 1969, with its capital at
728:
This is a paramount chief of all Vatsonga in the whole
952:
South Africa's Diverse Peoples: A Reference Sourcebook
207:
Location of Gazankulu (red) within South Africa (tan).
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government to be a semi-independent homeland for the
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to form a new Municipality with Phalaborwa known as
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1989:
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1800:
1773:
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1400:
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58:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
752:size, only the villages of Elim, Lemana, Shirley,
949:Sally Frankental; Owen Sichone (1 January 2005).
680:community, the largest Tsonga settlement in the
742:Evangelical Presbyterian Church in South Africa
2809:States and territories disestablished in 1994
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8:
459:, from Elim it then heads east towards the
2799:States and territories established in 1971
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2412:
2404:
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1923:
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1279:
1256:
1155:
1072:
1065:
1031:
1017:
1009:
201:
129:
981:
979:
866:1.1 million or 17% of the province,
118:Learn how and when to remove this message
581:Bushbuckridge and Matikwana Hospital in
941:
306:
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282:β’ Re-integrated into South Africa
2789:1994 disestablishments in South Africa
847:, the whole area has been merged with
427:. It was located in both the Northern
870:500,000 or 11.5% of the province and
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303:7,730 km (2,980 sq mi)
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7:
1643:(1987β94) (Head of Military Council)
930:List of chief ministers of Gazankulu
435:province and Eastern Transvaal, now
56:adding citations to reliable sources
2804:1971 establishments in South Africa
841:Greater Tzaneen Local Municipality
693:Lost chieftainship and their lands
630:Forced Removals and land reduction
14:
1481:No central government established
1351:No central government established
813:Greater Giyani Local Municipality
809:Greater Letaba Local Municipality
419:in South Africa, intended by the
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857:Bushbuckridge Local Municipality
833:Ba-Phalaborwa Local Municipality
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2434:Other South African governments
1879:Hudson William Edison Ntsanwisi
43:needs additional citations for
463:river valley, the villages of
1:
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610:Industrial Zones of Gazankulu
601:Shopping Centres of Gazankulu
821:Thulamela Local Municipality
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2794:Bantustans in South Africa
1605:Zwelibanzi Maneli Mabandla
1558:Johannes "Hans" Diergaardt
1408:Pieter van Rensburg Goosen
1261:Leaders and Administrators
805:Makhado Local Municipality
593:and Shiluvane Hospital in
196: Hosi Katekisa Afrika
15:
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2323:Cornelius Tuhafeni Ndjoba
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955:. ABC-CLIO. p. 187.
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2714:Republic of South Africa
2696:Cape Qualified Franchise
2315:Fillemon Elifas Shuumbwa
2276:Mogoboya Nelson Ramodike
1895:Samuel Dickenson Nxumalo
390:Republic of South Africa
377:Republic of South Africa
16:Not to be confused with
2252:Mokgama Maurice Matlala
272:β’ Self-government
2702:South African Republic
2158:George Majozi Mahlangu
1789:Richard Muhinda Mamili
1412:Bongani Blessing Finca
1298:Rocky Malebane-Metsing
576:Hospitals of Gazankulu
528:Townships of Gazankulu
179:"Mintirho ya Vulavula"
2708:Union of South Africa
2476:Kingdom of Mapungubwe
2378:Tsiame Kenneth Mopeli
2260:Cedric Namedi Phatudi
769:Hosi Mahatlani Sibisi
589:, Masana Hospital in
233:Common languages
2496:Mthethwa Paramountcy
2213:Mangosuthu Buthelezi
2021:Mangisi Cephas Zitha
1679:Constance Kgosiemang
1076:Nominal independence
52:improve this article
2760:23.3100Β°S 30.7064Β°E
2756: /
2552:Orange River Colony
2166:Jonas Masana Mabena
1742:Tshamano Ramabulana
1317:Tjaart van der Walt
447:Gazankulu received
2732:Current government
2103:Sebastian Kamwanga
2016:(1970β81, 1984β91)
1958:Thimoteus Tjamuaha
1832:I.J. van der Merwe
1808:Josiah Moraliswane
1781:Josiah Moraliswane
1734:Gabriel Ramushwana
1185:No self-governance
624:Transvaal Province
344:South African rand
2765:-23.3100; 30.7064
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2534:Dutch Cape Colony
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1152:South West Africa
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1058:South West Africa
962:978-1-57607-674-3
878:Districts in 1991
803:was allocated to
724:Hosi Njhakanjhaka
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2606:Nieuwe Republiek
2570:Natalia Republic
2558:Transvaal Colony
2517:
2514:
2509:Ndwandwe Kingdom
2504:
2501:
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2488:
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2428:
2421:
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2087:Linus Shashipapo
2077:
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2048:Enos John Mabuza
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2017:
2013:Enos John Mabuza
2003:
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1978:
1970:
1966:Erastus Tjejamba
1962:
1954:
1946:
1938:
1924:
1920:
1919:
1899:
1891:
1883:
1869:
1865:
1864:
1844:
1836:
1828:
1820:
1812:
1793:
1785:
1771:
1767:
1766:
1746:
1738:
1730:
1722:
1708:
1704:
1703:
1683:
1669:
1665:
1664:
1644:
1625:
1617:
1613:Kaiser Matanzima
1609:
1601:
1587:
1583:
1582:
1562:
1548:
1544:
1543:
1523:
1515:
1511:Cornelius Cloete
1501:
1497:
1496:
1476:
1475:
1455:
1441:
1437:
1436:
1416:
1393:
1385:
1371:
1367:
1366:
1346:
1345:
1325:
1302:
1294:
1280:
1276:
1275:
1257:
1156:
1073:
1066:
1045:
1044:
1033:
1026:
1019:
1010:
1003:
1002:
1000:
998:
983:
974:
973:
971:
969:
946:
827:was merged with
819:was merged with
398:
397:
386:
385:
373:
372:
366:
365:
350:
349:
205:
182:
164:
152:
130:
123:
116:
112:
109:
103:
101:
60:
36:
28:
2824:
2823:
2819:
2818:
2817:
2815:
2814:
2813:
2774:
2773:
2764:
2762:
2758:
2755:
2750:
2747:
2745:
2743:
2742:
2740:
2735:
2724:
2719:
2689:
2623:
2588:Griqualand West
2582:Griqualand East
2563:
2527:
2515:
2502:
2489:
2482:
2435:
2432:
2402:
2385:
2380:
2372:
2363:Chief Minister:
2350:
2338:
2333:
2331:Peter Kalangula
2325:
2317:
2308:Chief Minister:
2295:
2283:
2278:
2270:
2262:
2254:
2245:Chief Minister:
2232:
2220:
2215:
2206:Chief Minister:
2193:
2181:
2176:
2168:
2160:
2152:
2150:Klaas Mtshiweni
2144:
2135:Chief Minister:
2122:
2110:
2105:
2097:
2089:
2080:Chief Minister:
2067:
2055:
2050:
2043:(JuneβDec 1982)
2042:
2040:N.J. Badenhorst
2028:
2023:
2015:
2006:Chief Minister:
1993:
1981:
1976:
1974:Gottlob Mbaukua
1968:
1960:
1952:
1944:
1936:
1914:
1902:
1897:
1889:
1881:
1872:Chief Minister:
1859:
1847:
1842:
1834:
1826:
1818:
1810:
1796:
1791:
1784:(MarβSept 1976)
1783:
1774:Chief Minister:
1761:
1749:
1744:
1736:
1728:
1720:
1718:Patrick Mphephu
1698:
1686:
1681:
1659:
1647:
1642:
1628:
1623:
1615:
1607:
1599:
1577:
1565:
1560:
1538:
1526:
1521:
1513:
1491:
1483:
1470:
1458:
1453:
1431:
1419:
1415:(MarβApr 1994)
1414:
1396:
1391:
1383:
1361:
1353:
1340:
1328:
1324:(MarβApr 1994)
1323:
1305:
1300:
1292:
1270:
1262:
1247:
1226:
1180:
1159:Self-governance
1143:
1107:Self-governance
1102:
1060:
1039:
1037:
1007:
1006:
996:
994:
993:on 19 June 2016
985:
984:
977:
967:
965:
963:
948:
947:
943:
938:
926:
880:
789:
787:Gazankulu today
695:
640:Louis Trichardt
632:
618:and Mkhuhlu in
612:
603:
578:
544:in Malamulele,
530:
445:
395:
370:
329:
319:
283:
276:1 February 1973
273:
243:
239:
208:
181:
170:
169:
168:
165:
157:
156:
153:
135:
124:
113:
107:
104:
61:
59:
49:
37:
24:
21:
12:
11:
5:
2822:
2820:
2812:
2811:
2806:
2801:
2796:
2791:
2786:
2776:
2775:
2737:
2736:
2729:
2726:
2725:
2721:
2720:
2718:
2717:
2716:(1961βpresent)
2711:
2705:
2699:
2692:
2690:
2688:
2687:
2681:
2675:
2669:
2663:
2657:
2654:Bophuthatswana
2651:
2645:
2639:
2633:
2626:
2624:
2622:
2621:
2618:Klein Vrystaat
2615:
2609:
2603:
2597:
2591:
2585:
2579:
2573:
2566:
2564:
2562:
2561:
2555:
2549:
2543:
2537:
2530:
2528:
2526:
2525:
2519:
2506:
2493:
2472:
2469:
2468:
2463:
2458:
2456:Boer Republics
2453:
2448:
2440:
2437:
2436:
2433:
2431:
2430:
2423:
2416:
2408:
2399:
2398:
2395:
2394:
2391:
2390:
2387:
2386:
2384:
2383:
2375:
2366:
2364:
2357:
2344:
2343:
2340:
2339:
2337:
2336:
2328:
2320:
2311:
2309:
2302:
2289:
2288:
2285:
2284:
2282:
2281:
2273:
2265:
2257:
2248:
2246:
2239:
2226:
2225:
2222:
2221:
2219:
2218:
2209:
2207:
2200:
2187:
2186:
2183:
2182:
2180:
2179:
2174:James Mahlangu
2171:
2163:
2155:
2147:
2138:
2136:
2129:
2116:
2115:
2112:
2111:
2109:
2108:
2100:
2092:
2083:
2081:
2074:
2061:
2060:
2057:
2056:
2054:
2053:
2045:
2036:
2034:
2033:Administrator:
2030:
2029:
2027:
2026:
2018:
2009:
2007:
2000:
1987:
1986:
1983:
1982:
1980:
1979:
1971:
1963:
1955:
1950:Kuaima Riruako
1947:
1942:Clemens Kapuuo
1939:
1930:
1928:
1921:
1908:
1907:
1904:
1903:
1901:
1900:
1892:
1890:(MarβApr 1993)
1884:
1875:
1873:
1866:
1853:
1852:
1849:
1848:
1846:
1845:
1837:
1835:(MarβAug 1986)
1829:
1824:F.P.J. Visagie
1821:
1819:(JulβAug 1984)
1813:
1804:
1802:
1798:
1797:
1795:
1794:
1786:
1777:
1775:
1768:
1755:
1754:
1751:
1750:
1748:
1747:
1745:(JanβApr 1994)
1739:
1731:
1723:
1714:
1712:
1711:Head of State:
1705:
1692:
1691:
1688:
1687:
1685:
1684:
1675:
1673:
1672:Head of State:
1666:
1653:
1652:
1649:
1648:
1646:
1645:
1640:Bantu Holomisa
1636:
1634:
1633:Administrator:
1630:
1629:
1627:
1626:
1618:
1610:
1602:
1593:
1591:
1590:Head of State:
1584:
1571:
1570:
1567:
1566:
1564:
1563:
1554:
1552:
1551:Head of State:
1545:
1532:
1531:
1528:
1527:
1525:
1524:
1519:Daniel Luipert
1516:
1507:
1505:
1504:Head of State:
1498:
1485:
1484:
1479:
1477:
1464:
1463:
1460:
1459:
1457:
1456:
1451:Justus ΗGaroΓ«b
1447:
1445:
1444:Head of State:
1438:
1425:
1424:
1421:
1420:
1418:
1417:
1404:
1402:
1401:Administrator:
1398:
1397:
1395:
1394:
1386:
1377:
1375:
1374:Head of State:
1368:
1355:
1354:
1349:
1347:
1334:
1333:
1330:
1329:
1327:
1326:
1313:
1311:
1310:Administrator:
1307:
1306:
1304:
1303:
1295:
1286:
1284:
1283:Head of State:
1277:
1268:Bophuthatswana
1264:
1263:
1260:
1253:
1252:
1249:
1248:
1246:
1245:
1240:
1234:
1232:
1228:
1227:
1225:
1224:
1219:
1214:
1209:
1204:
1199:
1194:
1188:
1186:
1182:
1181:
1179:
1178:
1173:
1168:
1162:
1160:
1153:
1149:
1148:
1145:
1144:
1142:
1141:
1136:
1131:
1126:
1121:
1116:
1110:
1108:
1104:
1103:
1101:
1100:
1095:
1090:
1085:
1083:Bophuthatswana
1079:
1077:
1070:
1062:
1061:
1038:
1036:
1035:
1028:
1021:
1013:
1005:
1004:
975:
961:
940:
939:
937:
934:
933:
932:
925:
922:
921:
920:
914:
908:
902:
896:
890:
879:
876:
849:Northern Sotho
788:
785:
778:Hosi Skhunyani
746:Nelson Mandela
698:Hosi Mtsetweni
694:
691:
631:
628:
611:
608:
602:
599:
577:
574:
529:
526:
444:
441:
408:
407:
404:
403:
400:
399:
392:
383:
380:
379:
374:
362:
361:
356:
346:
345:
342:
338:
337:
334:
333:
330:
327:
324:
323:
320:
317:
314:
313:
310:
309:
305:
304:
301:
297:
296:
292:
291:
288:
287:
284:
281:
278:
277:
274:
271:
268:
267:
264:
263:
260:
256:
255:
252:
251:Chief Minister
248:
247:
234:
230:
229:
224:
220:
219:
214:
210:
209:
206:
198:
197:
190:
189:
187:: Deeds count)
172:
171:
166:
159:
158:
154:
147:
146:
145:
142:
141:
137:
136:
133:
126:
125:
108:September 2014
40:
38:
31:
22:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2821:
2810:
2807:
2805:
2802:
2800:
2797:
2795:
2792:
2790:
2787:
2785:
2782:
2781:
2779:
2772:
2769:
2734:
2733:
2727:
2715:
2712:
2709:
2706:
2703:
2700:
2697:
2694:
2693:
2691:
2685:
2682:
2679:
2676:
2673:
2670:
2667:
2664:
2661:
2658:
2655:
2652:
2649:
2646:
2643:
2640:
2637:
2634:
2631:
2628:
2627:
2625:
2619:
2616:
2613:
2610:
2607:
2604:
2601:
2598:
2595:
2592:
2589:
2586:
2583:
2580:
2577:
2574:
2571:
2568:
2567:
2565:
2559:
2556:
2553:
2550:
2547:
2544:
2541:
2538:
2535:
2532:
2531:
2529:
2523:
2520:
2510:
2507:
2497:
2494:
2477:
2474:
2473:
2471:
2470:
2467:
2464:
2462:
2459:
2457:
2454:
2452:
2449:
2447:
2444:
2443:
2438:
2429:
2424:
2422:
2417:
2415:
2410:
2409:
2406:
2379:
2376:
2371:
2368:
2367:
2365:
2361:
2358:
2354:
2349:
2345:
2332:
2329:
2324:
2321:
2316:
2313:
2312:
2310:
2306:
2303:
2299:
2294:
2290:
2277:
2274:
2269:
2266:
2261:
2258:
2253:
2250:
2249:
2247:
2243:
2240:
2236:
2231:
2227:
2214:
2211:
2210:
2208:
2204:
2201:
2197:
2192:
2188:
2175:
2172:
2167:
2164:
2159:
2156:
2151:
2148:
2143:
2142:Simon Skosana
2140:
2139:
2137:
2133:
2130:
2126:
2121:
2117:
2104:
2101:
2096:
2093:
2088:
2085:
2084:
2082:
2078:
2075:
2071:
2066:
2062:
2049:
2046:
2041:
2038:
2037:
2035:
2031:
2022:
2019:
2014:
2011:
2010:
2008:
2004:
2001:
1997:
1992:
1988:
1975:
1972:
1967:
1964:
1959:
1956:
1951:
1948:
1943:
1940:
1935:
1932:
1931:
1929:
1925:
1922:
1918:
1913:
1909:
1896:
1893:
1888:
1887:Edward Mhinga
1885:
1880:
1877:
1876:
1874:
1870:
1867:
1863:
1858:
1854:
1841:
1838:
1833:
1830:
1825:
1822:
1817:
1814:
1809:
1806:
1805:
1803:
1799:
1790:
1787:
1782:
1779:
1778:
1776:
1772:
1769:
1765:
1760:
1756:
1743:
1740:
1735:
1732:
1727:
1724:
1719:
1716:
1715:
1713:
1709:
1706:
1702:
1697:
1693:
1680:
1677:
1676:
1674:
1670:
1667:
1663:
1658:
1654:
1641:
1638:
1637:
1635:
1631:
1622:
1621:Tutor Ndamase
1619:
1614:
1611:
1606:
1603:
1598:
1595:
1594:
1592:
1588:
1585:
1581:
1576:
1572:
1559:
1556:
1555:
1553:
1549:
1546:
1542:
1537:
1533:
1520:
1517:
1512:
1509:
1508:
1506:
1502:
1499:
1495:
1490:
1486:
1482:
1478:
1474:
1469:
1465:
1452:
1449:
1448:
1446:
1442:
1439:
1435:
1430:
1426:
1413:
1409:
1406:
1405:
1403:
1399:
1390:
1387:
1382:
1379:
1378:
1376:
1372:
1369:
1365:
1360:
1356:
1352:
1348:
1344:
1339:
1335:
1322:
1318:
1315:
1314:
1312:
1308:
1299:
1296:
1291:
1290:Lucas Mangope
1288:
1287:
1285:
1281:
1278:
1274:
1269:
1265:
1258:
1254:
1244:
1241:
1239:
1236:
1235:
1233:
1229:
1223:
1220:
1218:
1215:
1213:
1210:
1208:
1205:
1203:
1200:
1198:
1195:
1193:
1190:
1189:
1187:
1183:
1177:
1174:
1172:
1169:
1167:
1164:
1163:
1161:
1157:
1154:
1150:
1140:
1137:
1135:
1132:
1130:
1127:
1125:
1122:
1120:
1117:
1115:
1112:
1111:
1109:
1105:
1099:
1096:
1094:
1091:
1089:
1086:
1084:
1081:
1080:
1078:
1074:
1071:
1067:
1063:
1059:
1055:
1051:
1048:
1043:
1034:
1029:
1027:
1022:
1020:
1015:
1014:
1011:
992:
988:
982:
980:
976:
964:
958:
954:
953:
945:
942:
935:
931:
928:
927:
923:
918:
915:
912:
909:
906:
903:
900:
897:
894:
891:
888:
885:
884:
883:
877:
875:
873:
869:
865:
860:
858:
854:
850:
846:
845:Bushbuckridge
842:
838:
834:
830:
826:
822:
818:
814:
810:
806:
802:
798:
794:
786:
784:
780:
779:
775:
771:
770:
766:
762:
761:
757:
755:
749:
747:
743:
739:
735:
734:JoΓ£o Albasini
731:
726:
725:
721:
717:
716:
712:
710:
707:Agricultural
706:
700:
699:
692:
690:
687:
683:
679:
675:
671:
667:
664:
660:
656:
652:
649:
645:
641:
637:
629:
627:
625:
621:
617:
609:
607:
600:
598:
596:
592:
591:Bushbuckridge
588:
584:
575:
573:
571:
567:
566:Bushbuckridge
563:
559:
555:
551:
547:
543:
539:
535:
527:
525:
523:
519:
515:
509:
507:
503:
499:
498:Bushbuckridge
496:, which were
495:
491:
487:
483:
479:
475:
470:
466:
462:
458:
454:
450:
442:
440:
438:
434:
430:
426:
425:Tsonga people
422:
418:
414:
393:
391:
388:
387:
384:
378:
375:
368:
367:
364:
363:
360:
357:
355:
352:
351:
347:
343:
339:
335:
331:
321:
302:
289:
286:27 April 1994
285:
275:
261:
257:
253:
246:
242:
238:
235:
231:
228:
225:
221:
218:
215:
211:
204:
199:
195:
191:
186:
180:
177:
173:
163:
151:
143:
138:
131:
122:
119:
111:
100:
97:
93:
90:
86:
83:
79:
76:
72:
69: β
68:
64:
63:Find sources:
57:
53:
47:
46:
41:This article
39:
35:
30:
29:
26:
19:
2741:
2731:
2629:
2546:Natal Colony
2522:Zulu Kingdom
2370:Wessel Motha
1934:Hosea Kutako
1856:
1840:A. G. Visser
1759:East Caprivi
1726:Frank Ravele
1597:Botha Sigcau
1480:
1350:
1166:East Caprivi
1113:
1069:South Africa
1054:South Africa
995:. Retrieved
991:the original
968:18 September
966:. Retrieved
951:
944:
881:
861:
790:
781:
777:
776:
772:
768:
767:
763:
759:
758:
750:
727:
723:
722:
718:
714:
713:
701:
697:
696:
676:
672:
668:
657:
653:
642:and ends in
633:
613:
604:
579:
531:
510:
446:
412:
411:
359:Succeeded by
358:
353:
328:β’ 1991
318:β’ 1980
193:
178:
176:Motto:
175:
167:Coat of arms
114:
105:
95:
88:
81:
74:
62:
50:Please help
45:verification
42:
25:
2763: /
2704:(1856β1902)
2698:(1853β1910)
2578:(1854β1902)
2548:(1843β1910)
2542:(1795β1910)
2540:Cape Colony
2536:(1652β1806)
2516: 1780
2503: 1780
2490: 1220
2483: 1075
2268:Z.T. Seleka
2065:Kavangoland
1816:H.J. Becker
1381:Lennox Sebe
1338:Bushmanland
1321:Job Mokgoro
1192:Bushmanland
1171:Kavangoland
760:Hosi Malele
715:Hosi Bokisi
651:Homelands.
540:in Giyani,
474:Sabie River
354:Preceded by
67:"Gazankulu"
18:Gaza Empire
2778:Categories
2751:30Β°42β²23β³E
2748:23Β°18β²36β³S
2678:KwaNdebele
2612:Upingtonia
2600:Stellaland
2461:Bantustans
2293:Ovamboland
2271:(Oct 1987)
2153:(Nov 1986)
2120:KwaNdebele
1912:Hereroland
1657:Tswanaland
1454:(1980β89)
1429:Damaraland
1389:Oupa Gqozo
1301:(Feb 1988)
1222:Tswanaland
1202:Hereroland
1197:Damaraland
1176:Ovamboland
1124:KwaNdebele
1050:Bantustans
936:References
917:Hlanganani
905:Malamulele
868:Mpumalanga
817:Malamulele
801:Hlanganani
797:Mpumalanga
709:plantation
558:Phalaborwa
546:Nkowankowa
542:Malamulele
506:Phalaborwa
486:Mpumalanga
439:province.
437:Mpumalanga
308:Population
78:newspapers
2784:Gazankulu
2710:(1910β61)
2686:(1981β94)
2680:(1981β94)
2674:(1981β94)
2668:(1981β94)
2662:(1979β94)
2656:(1977β94)
2650:(1976β94)
2644:(1974β94)
2638:(1972β94)
2632:(1971β94)
2630:Gazankulu
2620:(1886β91)
2614:(1885β87)
2608:(1884β88)
2602:(1882β85)
2596:(1882β83)
2590:(1870β73)
2584:(1861β79)
2572:(1839β43)
2560:(1902β10)
2554:(1902β10)
2524:(1816β97)
2381:(1975β94)
2373:(1974β75)
2334:(1981β89)
2326:(1975β81)
2318:(1973β75)
2279:(1987β94)
2263:(1973β87)
2255:(1972β73)
2216:(1977β94)
2177:(1990β94)
2169:(1989β90)
2161:(1986β89)
2145:(1981β86)
2106:(1981β89)
2098:(1977β81)
2090:(1973β77)
2051:(1982β84)
2024:(1991β94)
1977:(1984β89)
1969:(1987β88)
1961:(1980β84)
1953:(1978β80)
1945:(1970β78)
1937:(1968β70)
1927:Chairman:
1898:(1993β94)
1882:(1973β93)
1857:Gazankulu
1843:(1986β89)
1827:(1984β86)
1811:(1981β84)
1801:Chairman:
1792:(1976β81)
1737:(1990β94)
1729:(1988β90)
1721:(1978β88)
1682:(1980β89)
1624:(1986β94)
1616:(1979β86)
1608:(1978β79)
1600:(1976β78)
1561:(1979β89)
1522:(1985β89)
1514:(1980β85)
1468:Kaokoland
1392:(1990β94)
1384:(1981β90)
1293:(1968β94)
1238:Coloureds
1231:Post-1980
1207:Kaokoland
1114:Gazankulu
1047:Apartheid
997:18 August
919:: 127,450
907:: 179,326
901:: 212,226
895:: 143,702
889:: 253,297
837:Shiluvane
829:Namakgale
562:Acornhoek
536:in Elim,
449:self-rule
429:Transvaal
421:apartheid
417:bantustan
413:Gazankulu
245:Afrikaans
217:Bantustan
140:1973β1994
134:Gazankulu
2672:KaNgwane
2648:Transkei
2466:National
2451:Colonies
2446:Kingdoms
1991:KaNgwane
1575:Transkei
1536:Rehoboth
1489:Namaland
1217:Rehoboth
1212:Namaland
1119:KaNgwane
1093:Transkei
924:See also
913:: 38,770
911:Lulekani
855:to form
851:and the
825:Lulekani
754:Waterval
738:waterval
686:Valdezia
659:Valdezia
648:Hazyview
620:Hazyview
587:Waterval
583:Hazyview
570:Hazyview
554:Lulekani
534:Waterval
522:Kangwane
494:exclaves
490:Pretoria
482:Hazyview
465:Valdezia
341:Currency
2684:KwaZulu
2191:KwaZulu
1129:KwaZulu
872:Gauteng
864:Limpopo
793:Limpopo
730:Makhado
678:Bungeni
644:Skukuza
636:Makhado
616:Tzaneen
595:Tzaneen
550:Tzaneen
502:Tzaneen
478:Skukuza
469:Bungeni
457:Makhado
443:History
433:Limpopo
332:954,771
322:514,220
259:History
241:English
223:Capital
194:Anthem:
92:scholar
2666:Ciskei
2642:QwaQwa
2636:Lebowa
2594:Goshen
2518:β1819)
2505:β1817)
2348:QwaQwa
2230:Lebowa
1359:Ciskei
1243:Whites
1139:QwaQwa
1134:Lebowa
1088:Ciskei
959:
899:Giyani
893:Ritavi
705:Levubu
682:Levubu
663:Levubu
538:Giyani
518:Lebowa
461:Levubu
453:Giyani
431:, now
415:was a
262:
254:
237:Tsonga
227:Giyani
213:Status
185:Tsonga
94:
87:
80:
73:
65:
2660:Venda
1696:Venda
1098:Venda
887:Mhala
853:Swazi
843:. In
646:near
514:Venda
476:near
99:JSTOR
85:books
1410:and
1319:and
1056:and
999:2013
970:2013
957:ISBN
823:and
795:and
520:and
504:and
467:and
300:1980
295:Area
155:Flag
71:news
1052:in
859:.
564:in
556:in
548:in
484:in
480:in
54:by
2780::
2513:c.
2500:c.
2487:c.
2480:c.
978:^
835:.
638:/
626:.
560:,
552:,
516:,
508:.
500:,
2511:(
2498:(
2492:)
2485:β
2478:(
2427:e
2420:t
2413:v
1032:e
1025:t
1018:v
1001:.
972:.
183:(
121:)
115:(
110:)
106:(
96:Β·
89:Β·
82:Β·
75:Β·
48:.
20:.
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