Georg Wüst - Knowledge (XXG)

285:(German: Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, CAU) had also lost many members of its staff and its building by a bombing raid. Wüst became Professor of Oceanography and Maritime Meteorology at Kiel University and Director of the Institute of Marine Science. He succeeded in bringing back some of the earlier staff, was provided with an old villa as an institute building, obtained the research cutter Südfall and restarted marine science teaching. The main focus of the institute in Kiel had been marine biology in the shallow seas of the Baltic and the North Sea before, with some history of hydrography, marine chemistry and marine geology. Wüst brought his experience in deep-sea research to bear in the scientific orientation of the Kiel institute. He and ultimately his successor from 1959, Günter Dietrich, an earlier collaborator in the Berlin institute, changed the earlier focus towards deep ocean work, in particular in physical oceanography and marine chemistry. With this scientific orientation and the related teaching the Kiel institute took over the legacy of the Berlin institute. In particular the teaching required a close association with Kiel University. From 1950 to 1952 Wüst served as Dean of the Faculty of Philosophy which also enclosed Mathematics and Science at that time. 313:

evaporation and precipitation and the water budget of the ocean, the large-scale distribution and circulation of deep water masses in the Atlantic and other oceans, the motions of Gulf Stream and Kuroshio, the origin of polar bottom waters and the circulation in the Mediterranean Sea. In his later years there followed treatises on the history of deep-sea research. Dietrich (1972) presented a complete list of Wüst’s 112 publications in his contribution to the book which was published as a tribute to Wüst’s 80th birthday.

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first evidence for the concentration of water mass spreading in western boundary currents. In this work the Core Method developed by Wüst was an essential tool for the studies of circulation. The series was considered of such importance that the U.S. National Science Foundation facilitated the translation into English during the 1970s and 1980s. Until present times the data set is considered a most important basis for research in the Atlantic Ocean.

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the Okhotsk Sea produces water masses that provide an essential source of North Pacific Intermediate Water. His results on the European Mediterranean Sea provided an important basis for later investigations He provided an improved view on the circulation in the Caribbean Sea during his stay at Lamont. He also contributed to some studies in the Baltic His studies of sea bottom topography indicated his long-standing interest in geography.

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became Wüst’s advisor for his doctoral thesis. Although Wüst passed the examinations in 1914, he only received the degree in 1919 when his thesis was printed after World War I. During the war he served as a meteorologist and was wounded near Verdun in 1917. After the war he became an assistant of Merz and participated in several research cruises in the North and Baltic Seas.

25: 241:. Penck had been the head of the geographic department, including the Museum of Marine Sciences (German: Museum für Meereskunde), since 1905. The Austrian hydrographer Alfred Merz became his successor in 1910. The Institute and Museum of Marine Sciences became an independent unit of the university in 1920, with Merz as director. 325:

and the publication of the “Scientific Results of the German Atlantic Expedition of the Research Vessel „Meteor“” 1925-27. His pioneering analysis of the large-scale distribution of Atlantic water masses and their regions of origin showed the strong role of interhemispheric exchange and provided the

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After the expedition Wüst predominantly worked on the evaluation of the obtained data sets at the Berlin institute. He obtained the permission to teach (Habilitation) at the Friedrich-Wilhelm-University in Berlin in 1929 with a thesis on the Florida Current and was appointed Professor in 1936. In the

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Thiede, J., W.W. Hay, M. Sarnthein, P. Schäfer, G. Siedler, P. Stoffers, V. Storch, E. Suess, R. von Huene, P.C. Wille, B. Zeitzschel, W. Zenk: "From a modest start to a flourishing marine research environment: The institutional development of marine geosciences in Kiel/ Germany after World War II."

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But Wüst did not limit himself on Atlantic research, other oceans were investigated in comparison. He also had a particular interest in the origin and spreading of deep bottom water. Wüst carried out important studies of adjacent seas. Already in his early years he showed that vertical convection in

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Georg Wüst: “Die morphologischen und ozeanographischen Verhältnisse des Nordpolarbeckens.“ In: “Veröffentlichungen des deutschen Wissenschaftlichen Instituts (DWI) zu Kopenhagen“, Reihe 1: Arktis, Nr. 6. Gebrüder Borntraeger, Berlin 1942 (The morphological and oceanographic conditions of the Arctic

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During the 1920-1924 period the preparations of the “Meteor”-Expedition (1925-1927) together with Merz dominated his work. However, already at that time there were some fundamental publications on the Atlantic vertical circulation including an important interhemispheric exchange of water masses and

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Walter Zenk, Gerold Siedler, Peter C. Wille, Gerd Wegner, Jörn Thiede, Volker Storch, Peter Speth, Eberhard Ruprecht, Manfred Ehrhardt, Bernt Zeitzschel: "Early oceanography and the development of physical and chemical marine sciences in Kiel after World War II." In: "Deutsches Schiffahrtsarchiv,

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was made available for observations in the South Atlantic and the North Atlantic up to 30°N. Wüst participated in much of the planning and then joined the cruise from 1925 to 1927. When the chief scientist Merz died in Buenos Aires in June 1925, Wüst took over the leadership for the oceanographic

220:(15 June 1890 - 8 November 1977) was a German oceanographer. His pioneering work on the Atlantic Ocean provided a new view of the motions of water masses between the northern and southern hemispheres and the first evidence of the concentration of water mass spreading in western boundary currents. 248:

in Bergen/Norway, thus getting to know the Norwegian colleagues’ methods. Wüst then gained practical experience in ocean observations by working on lightships, on surveying vessels and during cruises on the Norwegian research vessel “Armauer Hansen” in the Nordic Seas led by Helland-Hansen. Merz

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Wüst stood out by the ability of gaining a profound understanding of ocean processes from a systematic description and analysis of oceanic data sets, in particular the property exchange, the origin of water masses and their large-scale motions and transports. His main research themes were:

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Wüst was the son of the Prussian civil servant Max Wüst and his wife Clara. The family soon moved to Berlin, Germany. He attended the Charlottenburg high school in Berlin. He then studied geography and oceanography, with additional education in meteorology, mathematics and physics, at the

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For his doctoral thesis Wüst performed systematic observations of evaporation on several vessels, developed specific analysis methods and discussed distribution patterns of evaporation in the world oceans. He returned to the related topics of evaporation, precipitation and salinity at the

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Wüst always tried to work systematically. He therefore considered the network of stations of the “Meteor” Atlantic Expedition the obvious blueprint for the International Indian Ocean Expedition (IIOE) 1959-1965. The time was not yet right for his proposal, and only during the

491:übersetzt vom Al-Ahram Center for Scientific Translations, Translation edited by William J. Emery, Amerind Publishing Co. Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi, 1978, 1-112, 1 - 429(The Meteor Expedition. Scientific Results of the German Atlantic Expedition, 1925-1927) 321:

on the Florida and Antilles Current, followed up later by work on the Gulf Stream and Kuroshio. His most productive years occurred after the “Meteor”-Expedition with the analysis of the “Meteor” data sets in cooperation with

342:) a station pattern similar to his proposal was established. Several of Wüst’s later papers dealt with historical aspects of marine science, in particular the development of oceanography and important deep-sea expeditions. 252:

Merz was planning a systematic hydrographic survey of the Atlantic Ocean. His proposal was met with approval by the key scientific institution in Germany after World War I, the Emergency Association of German Science (see

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1.Lieferung). Berlin 1933, S. 1-107 (English Bottom Water and the distribution of the Deep Water of the Atlantic, M. Slessers, translator B. E. Olson, ed. 1967, U.S.Naval Oceanographic Office, Washington, D.C., p.

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in Columbia-University, New York, USA. Here, his main focus was the circulation in the Caribbean Sea. During this stay in the USA, Wüst also accepted an invitation in 1962 to the Walker-Ames-Chair of the

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and served as a member of the nautical-scientific staff at the Supreme Command of the Navy during the war. At the same time, however, he continued teaching at the Friedrich-Wilhelm-University in Berlin.

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meantime he had become a well-esteemed member of the international marine science community. However, all these connections broke down with the approach of World War II. Wüst had become a member of the

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Hamburg 1950, S. 111-127 (Water vapour and precipitation on the ocean as links of the water cycle (with particular consideration of results from the “Meteor“ expedition and recent work)).(

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In: "Deutsches Schiffahrtsarchiv, Wissenschaftliches Jahrbuch des Deutschen Schiffahrtsmuseums", Bremerhaven, 39, 2018, (given date 2016, actually published 2018), SSN 0343-3668,

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Nr.2). S. 163-185 (Results of a hydrographic-production-biological section along the Baltic Sea in summer 1956. Part 1: The distribution of temperature, salinity and density).

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Wasserdampf und Niederschlag auf dem Meere als Glieder des Wasserkreislaufs (unter besonderer Berücksichtigung von Ergebnissen der „Meteor“-Expedition und neuerer Arbeiten).

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Nr.7). Wien 1954, S. 305-328 (Valid interrelationships between ocean and atmosphere regarding the zonal distribution of surface salinity, evaporation and precipitation).

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Ergebnisse eines hydrographisch-produktionsbiologischen Längsschnitts durch die Ostsee im Sommer 1956. Teil 1: Die Verteilung von Temperatur, Salzgehalt und Dichte.

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Deutsche Gesellschaft für Meeresforschung, Hamburg 1990, S. 10-11 (Georg Wüst and the institute of marine sciences in Kiel (to his 100th birthday on 15 June 1990).

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Hamburg 1960, 13 Nr.3 S. 105-131 (The deep circulation in the core layers of the intermediate and the deep water masses in the Mediterranean Sea).

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Gesetzmäßige Wechselbeziehungen zwischen Ozean und Atmosphäre in der zonalen Verteilung von Oberflächensalzgehalt, Verdunstung und Niederschlag.

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Berlin 1936, S. 347-358 (The exploration of the bottom structure of the Austral-Asian Mediterranean Sea by the Dutch “Snellius“ expedition).

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22, Nr. 16, Berlin 1934, pp. 241-244 (Indications of relationships between bottom current and relief in the deep sea of the Indian Ocean). (

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The Institute and Museum of Marine Sciences in Berlin was destroyed by bombing in 1944 and was never rebuilt after the end of World War II.

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Remarks on the circulation of the intermediate and deep water masses in the Mediterranean Sea and the methods of their further exploration.

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References need to be formatted for English Knowledge (XXG), for example replacing "S." with "pp." and removing or translating "Hrsg".

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Nr.1) S. 3-21. (Oceanographic results from a research cruise with research cutter “Südfall“ across the Baltic Sea in June/July 1954).

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The German Society for Marine Research (German: Deutsche Gesellschaft für Meeresforschung) awards the Georg-Wüst-Prize since 2005.

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Wissenschaftliches Jahrbuch des Deutschen Schiffahrtsmuseums", Bremerhaven, 39, 2018, (given date 2016, actually published 2018),

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In early 1946 Wüst was offered the job of rebuilding marine research in Kiel, Germany. The Institute of Marine Science (German:

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