2106:" should be limited to the era of the Third Reich, but the strength of the particular German mentality that had arisen already with its opposition to the French Revolution and grew stronger after 1870 and 1918 must be emphasized. Out of its exaggerated perspectives (and, I would add, rhetoric) it become a power in politics, out of a mythic reality. The road from democracy to dictatorship was not a particular German case, but the radical nature of the National Socialist dictatorship corresponded to the power of the German ideology that in 1933–1945 became a political and totalitarian reality
139:
2204:; sabotaging the democratic Weimar Republic; and aiding and abetting the Nazi dictatorship in internal repression, war, and genocide. In the view of Wehler, Fischer and their supporters, only the German defeat in 1945 put an end to the "premodern" social structure, which had led to and then sustained traditional German authoritarianism and its more radical variant, National Socialism. Wehler has asserted that the effects of the traditional power elite in maintaining power up to 1945 "and in many respects even beyond that" took the form of:
2525:, and it is ahistorical to judge why Germany did not become Britain for the simple reason that Germany is Germany, and Britain is Britain. Moreover, Eley and Blackbourn argued that after 1890, there was a tendency towards greater democratization in German society with the growth of civil society as reflected in the growth of trade unions and a more-or-less free press. From the right, Otto Pflanze claimed that Wehler's use of such terms as "Bonapartism", "social imperialism", "negative integration" and
2037:, that this nationalism, breaking all barriers and escaping from the grip of a weak government, gave rise to a state of mind and a general situation that we have to analyze, for otherwise Nazism with its momentary triumphs and its terrible collapse will remain incomprehensible". Vermeil concluded that Germany will remain on a separate path, "always placing the spirit of its implacable technical discipline at the service of those visions of the future that its eternal romanticism begets".
2344:" under Prussian hegemony expanded the political influence and social weight of the officer corps with its status-oriented claims to exclusivity and autonomy. Along with the old elites, many traditional and preindustrial norms, ways of thinking and modes of life also survived, which included the authoritarian outlook and antiproletarian claims of the petty bourgeoise as well as militaristic elements of middle-class political culture, such as the institution of the "reserve officer".
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2544:, argued that Wehler presented German elites as more united than they were, focused too much on forces from above and not enough on forces from below in 19th-century German society and presented too stark a contrast between the forces of order and stabilization and the forces of democracy with no explanation for the relative stability of the Empire. In Nipperdey's opinion, Wehler's work fails to explain how the
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and processes, experiences, and turning points, which while they may not have led directly to
National Socialism, nevertheless hindered the long term development of liberal democracy in Germany and eventually facilitated the triumph of fascism. Many authors made various contributions to the elaboration of this argument, usually without actually using the word
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into those early rebels of 1806-1848, whom many historians still consider great liberals?...The liberal university professors, Metternich's fiercest foes and now so prominent in 1848, were often far from the cloudy idealists pictured in our textbooks. From his own viewpoint, Bismarck erred in mocking their lack of
2282:
Yet, at the same time, researches looked back to the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries to uncover the deeper roots of the Third Reich. Through comparisons with
England, France, the United States, or simply "the West", they attempted to identify the peculiarities of Germany history, those structures
2015:
argued for the view that German history proceeded logically from "Luther to Hitler" and saw Hitler's rise to power as an expression of German character, rather than of the international phenomenon of totalitarianism. Shirer encapsulated that by stating that "the course of German history... made blind
1859:
lost its positive connotations from the 19th century and acquired its present negative meaning. There was much debate about the origins of this "German catastrophe" (as the German historian
Meinecke titled his 1946 book) of Nazi Germany's rise and fall. Since then, scholars have examined developments
1770:
took place, but political modernization did not happen, and the old
Prussian rural elite remained in firm control of the army, diplomacy and the civil service. Traditional, aristocratic and premodern society battled an emerging capitalist, bourgeois and modernizing society. Recognizing the importance
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in the 19th century was not the norm for Europe; and that even if the liberal German middle class was disempowered at the national political level, it nevertheless dominated the social, economic and cultural life of 19th-century
Germany. The embourgeoisement of German social life was greater than in
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It remains to be seen, whether future scholarship will initiate a process of historicization of the Hitler period, for example by comparing it with
Stalinist Russia and with examples such as the Stone Age Communism of Cambodia. This would doubtless be accompanied by terrifying scholarly insights and
106:
For a long time, educated
Germans answered it in the positive, initially by laying claim to a special German mission, then, after the collapse of 1945, by criticizing Germany's deviation from the West. Today, the negative view is predominant. Germany did not, according to the now prevailing opinion,
1928:
were "in reality forerunners of Hitler", whose views about the Poles and Czechs presaged the great international crises of 1938–39, and called the 1848 revolution "a touchstone of German mentality and a decisive element in East-European politics" In his lecture, Namier described the 1848 revolution
2548:
occurred since, according to Wehler, prior to 1918, the forces of authoritarianism were so strong and those of democracy so weak. Nipperdey concluded his review that a proper history of the
Imperial period could be written only by placing German history in a comparative European and trans-Atlantic
2351:
criticized the "feudalization" of the upper bourgeoisie, which seemed to accept both the disproportional representation of the nobility in politics and the aristocratic norms and practices, instead of striving for power on its own terms or cultivating a distinctly middle-class culture. Lacking the
1964:
by the Allies. In contrast, Taylor argued, "But the Third Reich rested solely on German force and impulse; it owed nothing to alien forces. It was a tyranny imposed upon the German people by themselves". Taylor argued that Nazism was inevitable because the
Germans wanted "to repudiate the equality
1996:
Is it being unhistorical to judge the anti-Metternichian nationalism and racism of 19th century
Germany by its Nazi consequences? Were those consequences the logical outcome or a modern accident for which nationalism should not be blamed? Is it a case of the wise-after-the-fallacy to read so much
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and others identified powerful long-term weaknesses in the Empire's system of government: the blocked development of parliamentarianism, the severely fragmented system of parties that resembled self-contained blocks, and other factors that later burdened Weimar and contributed to its breakdown.
91:
has progressively gained a following inside and outside Germany, especially since the late 1960s. In particular, its proponents argue that the way Germany developed over the centuries virtually ensured the evolution of a social and political order along the lines of Nazi Germany. In their view,
2208:
a penchant for authoritarian politics; a hostility toward democracy in the educational and party system; the influence of preindustrial leadership groups, values and ideas; the tenacity of German state ideology; the myth of the bureaucracy; the superimposition of caste tendencies and class
2951:"The notion that 'rectitude and authenticity integrally German attributes in contrast to Roman or Latin influences which were degrading' held to have originated with Luther developed with German Romanticism in the 19th Century and culminated with National Socialism." Johnson 2001
1754:
and what they regarded as the weak, decadent and ineffective democratic governments of Britain and France. The idea of Germany as a great Central European power, neither of the West nor of the East was to be a recurring feature of right-wing German thought right up to 1945.
2029:("Contemporary Germany") that Nazi Germany was not "a purely adventitious episode appearing on the fringes of the German tradition". Instead, Vermeil contended that German nationalism had an especially aggressive character, which had been restrained only by Bismarck. After
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for centuries. Analyzing the troops of the special police battalion units, who were the ones who directly killed Jews in the mass raids phase of the Holocaust (prior to the death camps), Browning concluded that the typical middle-class workers were not ingrained with
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experience of a successful revolution from below, schooled in a long tradition of bureaucratically led reforms from above and challenged by a growing workers' movement, the German bourgeoise appeared relatively weak and—compared with the West—almost "unbourgeois"
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In recent decades, German historiography has shifted from nationalism to a pan-European viewpoint. Most recent scholars reject the old notion of separate national paths typified by models of the German "Sonderweg" or the French "singularité française".
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2059:, contended that the Nazi period had no relationship to earlier periods of German history and that German traditions were at sharp variance with the totalitarianism of the Nazi movement. Meinecke famously described Nazism in his 1946 book
1975:
all their liberties; they demanded as a reward the enslavement of others. No German recognized the Czechs or Poles as equals. Therefore, every German desired the achievement which only total war could give. By no other means could the
1771:
of modernizing forces in industry and the economy and in the cultural realm, Wehler argues that reactionary traditionalism dominated the political hierarchy of power in Germany, as well as social mentalities and in class relations (
2240:. Mosse and Stern both concluded that the intellectual and cultural elites in Germany by and large chose to consciously reject modernity and along with it those groups they identified with modernity, such as Jews, and embraced
2453:. Goldhagen countered that German society, politics and life until 1945 were characterized by a unique version of extreme anti-Semitism that held the murder of Jews as the highest possible national value. His critics such as
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state lay in taking the initiative in instituting social reforms and in imposing them without waiting to be pressured by demands "from below". That type of authoritarianism was seen to be avoiding both the autocracy of
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was not followed by changes in the political and social spheres which in the opinion of Fischer and Wehler, continued to be dominated by a "pre-modern" aristocratic elite. In the opinion of the proponents of the
2336:), upper-level civil servants and the officer corps retained great power and influence well into the 20th century. In the long term, they represented an obstacle to democratization and parliamentarianism. As
1892:. In the 1960s, many historians concluded that the failure of Germany to develop firm democratic institutions in the 19th century had been decisive for the failure of the Weimar Republic in the 20th century.
1937:". Namier concluded "had not Hitler and his associates blindly accepted the legend which latter-day liberals, German and foreign had spun around 1848, they might well have found a great deal to extol in the
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in contending that though the Nazi dictatorship was rooted in the German past and that individual choices made during the later Weimar years that led to the Nazi years. Though Bracher is opposed to the
2299:), the delayed creation of a nation-state from above. Other historians have argued that nationalism played an especially aggressive, precociously right-wing destructive role during the Second Empire.
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differ from the great European nations to an extent that would justify speaking of a 'unique German path'. And, in any case, no country on earth ever took what can be described as the 'normal path'.
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as a flawed construct supported by "a curious mixture of idealistic analysis and vulgar materialism" that led to an "exaggerated linear continuity between the nineteenth century and the 1930s".
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asserts that Goldhagen "allow his thesis to dictate his presentation of the evidence". Nonetheless, Goldhagen is often held to have succeeded in reviving the debate on the question of a German "
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before 1933 and that Germany was a country deeply influenced by the Enlightenment, which meant there was no point of comparison between Hitler on one hand and Pol Pot and Stalin on the other.
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2071:("on-the-job accident") of history. Although opposed to what they regarded as Meinecke's excessively-defensive tone, Ritter and Rothfels have been joined by their intellectual heirs
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argues that the conditions of Jew-hatred and replacement were also found in every other European country and had their roots in Graeco-Roman antiquity and imperial Christianity.
1917:, portrayed Nazism as the inevitable result of German history, reflecting unique flaws in "German national character" that went back to the days of Martin Luther, if not before.
1745:, starting in the late 19th century as a source of pride at the "Golden Mean" of governance that in their view had been attained by the German state, whose distinctiveness as an
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German mentalities, the structure of society, and institutional developments followed a different course in comparison with the other nations of the West. The German historian
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Britain and France, which, in the opinion of Eley and Blackbourn, was more distinctly marked by aristocratic values than Germany. They rejected the entire concept of the
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has shown, their effort is visible in the pernicious role played by agrarian interests in the collapse of the Weimar Republic. The unification of Germany by means of "
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and pride in a very complex notion of German culture. During the latter half of the German Empire, from about 1890 to 1918, that pride, they argued, developed into
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have drawn a harsh indictment of the German elite from 1870 to 1945, who were accused of promoting authoritarian values; being solely responsible for launching
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that the Nazi regime "represented the deepest wishes of the German people", and that it was the first and only German government created by the Germans as the
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and Kurt Sontheimer emphasized the illiberal, antipluralistic elements in German political culture upon which National Socialist ideas could later build.
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2001:. The majority... was more Bismarckian than Bismarck ever realized. Many liberals... later became leading propagandists for Bismarck, along with the new
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in which Germany was under French occupation. Previous events, especially those of the Holy Roman Empire, cannot be related to the evolution of Nazism.
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Daniel Schönpflug, "So far, and yet so near: comparison, transfer and memory in recent German books on the age of the French revolution and Napoleon."
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or chose to resign themselves to being ruled by a reactionary elite and to live in a society that taught its children obedience, glorification of
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2465:", and, in Germany, of bringing many Germans to a modern confrontation with and a lively and fruitful debate about the legacy of the Holocaust.
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edited by Kelly Boyd, Volume 1, Chicago: Fitzroy Dearborn Publishings, 1999 page 455; Moses, John "Fischer, Fritz" pages 386–387 from
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Heilbronner, Oded. 2000. "From Antisemitic Peripheries to Antisemitic Centres: The Place of Antisemitism in Modern German History."
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opposed the theory that Germans in the Nazi era were motivated by the especially virulent anti-Semitism that had characterized
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5707:
2531:("the politics of rallying together") has gone beyond mere heuristic devices and instead become a form of historical fiction.
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be held together. It had been made by conquest and for conquest; if it ever gave up its career of conquest, it would dissolve.
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as "the early manifestations of aggressive nationalism, especially of German nationalism which derives from the much belauded
1821:, according to which Nazism was only the latest manifestation of what Vansittart argued were the exclusively German traits of
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that was the key to German history. Stürmer contends that what he regards as Germany's vulnerable geopolitical situation in
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in March 1939 and its invasion of Poland in September 1939 (the latter invasion immediately drawing France and Britain into
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debate was polarized with most non-German participants at one pole and German participants at the other. Historians like
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3080:, Volume 2, Chicago: Fitzroy Dearborn Publishings, 1999 page 1289; Bruce, Gary "Germany: 1800–1945" pages 453–457 from
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thesis may not explain the reasons for the rise of the Nazi movement, it still explains the failure of the democratic
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suggested Germany's experience was a crisis involving socio-political phenomena common to all modernising countries.
2005:. Only an honorable few continued to oppose him and the militarist success-worship that followed his victorious wars.
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Poliakov wrote that even if not all Germans supported the Holocaust, it was "tacitly accepted by the popular will"
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alone, by the force of his peculiar personality, who had brought about Nazi Germany. In 1941, the British diplomat
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applied only to the "special case" of the Nazi dictatorship In a 1984 essay, Hildebrand went further and wrote:
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replied that Goldhagen ignored most recent research and ignored other developments both in Germany and abroad.
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as attempted by Timothy Reuter, in: Anne Duggan, Kings and Kingship in Medieval Europe, London 1993, p.179-211
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3116:" pages 279-294 from Reworking the Past edited by Peter Baldwin, Beacon Press: Boston, 1990 pages 283-284
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with the peoples of eastern Europe which had then been forced upon them" after 1918. Taylor wrote that:
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perspective, which might allow for "our fixation on the struggle with our great-grandfathers" to end.
2377:. Stürmer's views have been controversial and would become one of the central issues in the notorious
2250:(world-view). However, in recent years, Stern has abandoned his conclusion and now argues against the
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argued that unlike France and Britain, Germany had experienced only "partial modernization" in which
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examined ideas and culture in 19th-century Germany, especially those of the virulently anti-Semitic
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The Peculiarities of German History: bourgeois society and politics in nineteenth-century Germany
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obedience to temporal rulers the highest virtue of Germanic man and put a premium on servility."
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Berman, Sherri. 2001. "Modernization in Historical Perspective: The Case of Imperial Germany."
2646:, which can be seen only as a result of the concept of German identity, which developed in the
2501:) argued that there is no normal course of social and political change; that the experience of
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edited by Dieter Buse and Juergen Doerr Volume 2, New York: Garland Publishing, 1998 page 935.
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edited by Dieter Buse and Juergen Doerr Volume 2, New York: Garland Publishing, 1998 page 934.
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view of history, argued that "Geography is not destiny", suggesting that the reasons for the
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1902:
1877:
1873:
1763:
1746:
1163:
1077:
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742:
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602:
587:
529:
519:
512:
463:
384:
280:
3352:
Jarausch, Konrad. 1983. "Illiberalism and Beyond: German History in Search of a Paradigm."
1766:
places the origins of Germany's path to disaster in the 1860s and the 1870s, when economic
8061:
7567:
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6887:
6555:
6461:
6390:
6137:
6122:
5501:
5323:
5108:
4872:
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2767:
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2567:
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2313:
1961:
1906:
1885:
1751:
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1226:
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1093:
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2553:
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and others argued that preindustrial elites, especially the east Elbian landowners (the
81:. In consequence of the scale of the devastation wrought on Europe by Nazi Germany, the
8271:
8215:
8205:
8118:
7998:
7958:
7352:
7159:
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4914:
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4536:
4524:
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4095:
3771:
3756:
3746:
3648:
3550:
3264:
Mythen deutscher Geschichtsschreibung: Die gescheiterte bürgerliche Revolution von 1848
3067:
edited by Ernst Piper, Humanities Press, Atlantic Highlands, New Jersey, 1993, page 174
2668:
2579:
2498:
Mythen deutscher Geschichtsschreibung: Die gescheiterte bürgerliche Revolution von 1848
2426:
2370:
2327:
2052:
2020:
1869:
1822:
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1008:
971:
762:
697:
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642:
557:
168:
3128:
Kocka, Jürgen "Hitler Should Not Be Repressed by Stalin and Pol Pot" pages 85-92 from
3054:
edited by Ernst Piper, Humanities Press, Atlantic Highlands, New Jersey, 1993 page 174
2600:
8286:
8225:
8168:
8153:
8108:
7741:
7693:
7135:
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4924:
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4229:
4173:
4127:
4115:
4110:
4105:
3959:
3954:
3831:
3824:
3370:
Kocka, Jürgen. Jan 1988. "German History before Hitler: The Debate about the German '
3275:
3208:
Hamerow, Theodore S. "Guilt, Redemption and Writing German History" pages 53-72 from
3188:
Hamerow, Theodore S. "Guilt, Redemption and Writing German History" pages 53-72 from
3097:
Hamerow, Theodore S. "Guilt, Redemption and Writing German History" pages 53-72 from
2431:
2241:
2220:
2048:
1985:
1767:
1742:
1631:
1540:
1173:
1018:
998:
777:
632:
577:
498:
342:
321:
173:
5171:
3261:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Revised and expanded translation of the authors'
2849:
Von der "Deutschen Doppelrevolution" bis zum Beginn des Ersten Weltkrieges 1849–1914
8266:
8230:
8210:
8180:
8143:
8045:
8018:
7994:
5859:
5506:
5328:
5027:
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4434:
4363:
4100:
3985:
3939:
3927:
3870:
3836:
3252:
2772:
2663:
2576:
is limited to an individual development (albeit of a type frequently encountered).
2454:
2321:
2228:
2197:
1826:
1810:
1798:
1790:
1599:
1594:
1527:
1211:
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782:
732:
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453:
417:
391:
78:
74:
3222:
2996:
Hamerow, Theodore "Guilt, Redemption and Writing German History" pages 53–72 from
2896:
Hamerow, Theodore "Guilt, Redemption and Writing German History" pages 53–72 from
2090:
interpretation of German history, he does believe in a special German mentality (
8256:
8163:
8125:
8023:
7860:
7639:
6142:
6127:
5809:
5784:
5760:
5130:
5118:
5040:
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4429:
4233:
3969:
3917:
3892:
3875:
3814:
3063:
Winkler, Heinrich August "Eternally in the Shadow of Hitler" pages 171-176 from
3050:
Winkler, Heinrich August "Eternally in the Shadow of Hitler" pages 171–176 from
2730:
2647:
2402:
2317:
2224:
2201:
2056:
1934:
1641:
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17:
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8008:
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3719:
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374:
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315:
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5749:
5626:
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4270:
3949:
3944:
3907:
3902:
3766:
3709:
3694:
3563:
3516:
by Michael Brooks, then a graduate student at the University of Toledo, Ohio
2691:
2385:("Historians' Quarrel") of the mid-1980s. One of Stürmer's leading critics,
2366:
2348:
1881:
478:
275:
63:
3475:‚Deutscher Sonderweg' oder allgemeine Probleme des westlichen Kapitalismus.
3330:
Hamerow, Theodore S. 1983. "Guilt, Redemption and Writing German History."
3272:
Ordinary Men: Reserve Police Battalion 101 and the Final Solution in Poland
2401:
were political and cultural instead. Kocka wrote against Stürmer that both
3132:
edited by Ernst Piper, Atlantic Highlands: Humanities Press, 1993 page 91.
3088:
edited by Kelly Boyd, Volume 1, Chicago: Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers, 1999
8246:
8076:
7300:
7022:
6043:
3964:
3912:
3046:
3044:
1801:) provoked the drive to explain the phenomenon of Nazi Germany. In 1940,
1554:
2552:
Many scholars have disputed Eley's and Blackbourn's conclusions such as
7661:
7142:
7032:
3751:
3729:
3679:
3583:
2832:
Modern Germany An Encyclopedia of History, People and Culture 1871–1990
2806:
Modern Germany An Encyclopedia of History, People and Culture 1871-1990
672:
290:
55:
3430:, Frankfurt am Main: Suhrkamp Verlag, 1987 translated into English as
3172:
2409:
are also "in the middle" but each has a completely different history.
1825:
and brutality. Other books with a thesis similar to Vansittart's were
4184:
3761:
3674:
3505:
in a 2006 college lecture by Prof. Harold Marcuse at UC Santa Barbara
2502:
2406:
2193:
2184:, when German liberals failed to seize power and consequently either
1889:
1438:
328:
67:
3204:
3202:
3200:
3198:
3184:
3182:
3180:
3110:
Kocka, Jürgen "German Identity and Historical Comparison: After the
2373:
left successive German governments no other choice but to engage in
1969:
During the preceding eighty years the Germans had sacrificed to the
3385:
2033:'s departure in 1890, Vermeil wrote, "It was after his fall, under
4819:
4716:
3699:
433:
7927:
3519:
3396:
Recast?: Continuity and Change in Modern German Historiography."
3365:
The Nazi Dictatorship Problems and Perspectives of Interpretation
2698:), that would later become one of the foundational texts for the
2589:
In the 2014 work "AntiJudaism: The Western Tradition", historian
3704:
1488:
424:
285:
7931:
7839:
7784:
7416:
6943:
6016:
6005:
4648:
4391:
4155:
3794:
3628:
3523:
2262:
movement to be a mere "dark undercurrent" in Imperial Germany.
1990:
Conservatism Revisited: The Revolt Against the Revolt 1815–1949
2595:
2293:
Helmuth Plessner, for example, spoke of the "belated nation" (
2434:
but became killers through peer pressure and indoctrination.
2209:
distinctions; and the manipulation of political antisemitism.
2096:) that emerged in the late 18th century. Bracher wrote that:
1842:
From Luther to Hitler: The History of Nazi-Fascist Philosophy
73:
The modern school of thought by that name arose early during
3427:
Die Weimarer Republik: Krisenjahre der Klassischen Moderne
3076:
Lorenz, Chris "Wehler, Hans-Ulrich" pages 1289–1290 from
2908:
2906:
2065:("The German Catastrophe") as a particularly unfortunate
1853:
After Germany's defeat in World War II in 1945, the term
3030:
3028:
2582:
in his influential 1987 (English translation 1992) work
7461:
Professionalization and institutionalization of history
3432:
The Weimar Republic: the Crisis of Classical Modernity,
3291:
Der deutsche Sonderweg in Europa 1806-1945: Eine Kritik
2713:
The Jargon of Authenticity: An Essay On German Ideology
2612:
1924:
in 1944, Namier stated that the German liberals in the
3082:
The Encyclopedia of Historians and Historical Writings
2584:
The Weimar Republic: The Crisis of Classical Modernity
7753:
Heroic theory of invention and scientific development
3251:
Volume 53, Number 3, April 2001, pp. 431–462 in
3086:
The Encyclopedia of Historians and Historical Writing
3078:
The Encyclopedia of Historians and Historical Writing
2892:
2890:
2888:
2886:
2884:
2882:
2880:
2826:
2824:
2822:
2820:
2818:
2816:
2814:
2196:. Since 1950, historians such as Fischer, Wehler and
2110:
In a 1983 speech, Hildebrand denied there had been a
6601:
Awareness in Nazi Germany and German-occupied Europe
3124:
3122:
8239:
8136:
8101:
8054:
7965:
7729:
7533:
7492:
7268:
7219:
6954:
6880:
6844:
6738:
6692:
6656:
6586:
6538:
6500:
6460:
6419:
6336:
6167:
6158:
6077:
5977:
5939:
5875:
5842:
5733:
5657:
5614:
5555:
5520:
5492:
5427:
5354:
5260:
5188:
4902:
4831:
4764:
4726:
4659:
4577:
4469:
4402:
4201:
3978:
3845:
3807:
3667:
3641:
2650:of the late 18th century and was reinforced by the
2223:in the 1950s to the 1960s, when historians such as
6561:Massacres of Poles in Volhynia and Eastern Galicia
3221:Ernst Schubert, Königsabsetzungen im Mittelalter,
2519:In the view of Blackbourn and Eley, there was no
2483:thesis have been two British Marxist historians,
2127:painful human experiences. Both phenomena could,
3469:. Kim Traynor, translator. Leamington Spa: Berg.
2560:. Kocka in particular has argued that while the
2055:, joined by a few non-German historians such as
4028:Perspectives on capitalism by school of thought
1805:, a German émigré living in Britain, published
104:
1741:was first used by German conservatives in the
7943:
7609:Ecclesiastical history of the Catholic Church
7479:Western European colonialism and colonization
6028:
3535:
2570:. That seems to entail that the issue of the
1716:
8:
7984:
3510:
3498:
3473:
3446:
3425:
3408:
3391:
3371:
3318:
3312:
3307:
3302:
3289:
3262:
3111:
2847:
2757:
2742:
2641:
2571:
2561:
2539:
2526:
2520:
2511:
2496:
2478:
2438:
2396:
2390:
2378:
2356:
2294:
2284:
2270:
2257:
2251:
2245:
2233:
2214:
2175:
2148:
2134:
2133:, even relativize the concept of the German
2117:
2111:
2101:
2091:
2085:
2066:
2060:
2024:
1970:
1956:had been created by France and Austria, the
1938:
1896:
1854:
1772:
1736:
1660:
1646:
1545:
1493:
1458:
1449:
1423:
1389:
1380:
510:
476:
431:
422:
408:
389:
349:
340:
326:
97:
82:
31:
8123:
3415:Bulletin of the German Historical Institute
3320:Annales, Économies, Sociétés, Civilisations
3257:Blackbourn, David & Eley, Geoff. 1984.
3038:, New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1997 page 201.
2830:Hinde, John "Sonderweg" pages 934–935 from
2804:Hinde, John "Sonderweg" pages 934–935 from
2128:
7950:
7936:
7928:
7836:
7781:
7489:
7413:
7216:
6951:
6940:
6535:
6416:
6164:
6035:
6021:
6013:
6002:
5936:
5185:
4761:
4656:
4645:
4574:
4399:
4388:
4198:
4152:
3804:
3791:
3638:
3625:
3542:
3528:
3520:
3314:de l'histoire allemande: Mythe ou réalité.
2180:thesis, the crucial turning point was the
2161:Starting in the 1960s, historians such as
1913:, echoed by journalists like the American
1819:The Black Record: Germans Past And Present
1723:
1709:
115:
96:wrote about the question of there being a
46:, "special path") refers to the theory in
6664:Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki
7883:Historical geographic information system
2702:and was expanded upon in regards to the
2636:Schubert states that the history of the
8093:Debate on Exclusivism in the SDA Church
3101:, February 1983, Volume 88 pages 67-68.
2794:
2778:Robert Vansittart, 1st Baron Vansittart
2718:The Meaning of Working Through the Past
2043:In contrast, German historians such as
127:
7523:English historical school of economics
5575:Historical Series of the Bank of Italy
3154:Cesarani, David and Kavanaugh, Sarah.
2495:(first published in German in 1980 as
58:itself to have followed a course from
7719:Revisionist school of Islamic studies
7558:Historical reliability of the Gospels
3509:June 2007 historiographical essay on
3410:Mythen deutscher Geschichtsschreibung
2929:, Hamish Hamilton 1945 pages 213–214.
2682:in affirmative Marxist perspectives:
1888:and which factors led to the rise of
1264:Christian Democratic Union of Germany
822:Lectures on the Philosophy of History
41:
7:
7911:
5536:More Irish than the Irish themselves
3407:Mommsen, Wolfgang. 1980. "Review of
2942:, Hamish Hamilton 1945 pages 213-214
2842:
2840:
2800:
2798:
2538:, in a 1975 book review of Wehler's
2443:was renewed by the American scholar
2012:The Rise and Fall of the Third Reich
6606:Functionalism–intentionalism debate
3173:https://doi.org/10.1093/fh/18.4.446
3013:, Key Porter: Toronto 2000 page 86.
2738:Functionalism versus intentionalism
2493:The Peculiarities of German History
812:Elements of the Philosophy of Right
7619:Hermeneutics of Vatican Council II
5563:Fourth Italian War of Independence
3212:, February 1983, Volume 88 page 68
3192:, February 1983, Volume 88 page 71
2534:The German conservative historian
25:
2764:("coming to terms with the past")
2256:thesis, holding the views of the
1272:Christian Social Union in Bavaria
852:Reflections of a Nonpolitical Man
7910:
7901:
7900:
6917:
6916:
6758:Palestinian expulsion and flight
5270:5000-year civilization assertion
4846:Nadir of American race relations
3445:Smith, Helmut Walser. "When the
3130:Forever In The Shadow of Hitler?
3065:Forever In The Shadow of Hitler?
3052:Forever In The Shadow of Hitler?
2916:, Hamish Hamilton 1945 page 213.
2599:
1690:
1678:
525:Monarchism in Bavaria after 1918
137:
77:as a consequence of the rise of
27:Concept in German historiography
7747:Protestant Ethic and Capitalism
6621:Pope Pius XII and the Holocaust
6556:Soviets and the Warsaw Uprising
6363:Causes of the Armenian genocide
4672:Pyramid construction techniques
4239:Comparative historical research
3857:Library and information science
3378:Journal of Contemporary History
3343:Journal of Contemporary History
2640:is not to be confused with the
1960:by Austria and Prussia and the
1933:rather than from Bismarck and "
1832:The Roots of National Socialism
7759:Gunpowder and gun transmission
7709:Religionsgeschichtliche Schule
7518:Historical school of economics
7455:Nationalism in the Middle Ages
6893:Gunpowder and gun transmission
6767:Zionism as settler colonialism
5772:Limpieza de sangre controversy
4739:Metropolitan-hinterland thesis
3434:New York: Hill and Wang, 1992
3332:The American Historical Review
3210:The American Historical Review
3190:The American Historical Review
3099:The American Historical Review
2998:The American Historical Review
2898:The American Historical Review
2753:Modernization theory § Germany
1946:Taylor wrote in his 1945 book
1611:Die Freischwebende Intelligenz
1518:Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung
1344:German National People's Party
802:Addresses to the German Nation
1:
7568:Opposition to Papal supremacy
4756:Indigenous population history
3283:Hitler's willing executioners
3270:Browning, Christopher. 1992.
2450:Hitler's Willing Executioners
2389:, himself a proponent of the
1605:Criticism of multiculturalism
1383:Bibliothek des Konservatismus
7484:Desacralization of knowledge
5755:Carlism in the Francoist era
5723:Holodomor in modern politics
3472:Wehler, Hans-Ulrich. 1981. "
3467:The German Empire, 1871–1918
3390:Moeller, Robert. 1983. "The
3285:. New York: Alfred A. Knopf.
2940:The Course of German History
2927:The Course of German History
2914:The Course of German History
2361:theory has been provided by
1949:The Course of German History
1943:of the Frankfort Assembly".
1809:, in which he argued it was
1795:occupation of Czechoslovakia
902:The Concept of the Political
7876:Historiographic metafiction
7786:Organizations, publications
7575:Proto-orthodox Christianity
6525:German resistance to Nazism
6381:Persian famine of 1917–1919
5791:Islamic revolution of Spain
5718:Holodomor genocide question
5594:Revisionism of Risorgimento
5588:Rerum italicarum scriptores
5569:Historiae Patriae Monumenta
5336:Self-Strengthening Movement
4486:decolonization of knowledge
3281:Goldhagen, Daniel J. 1996.
2969:Rosenfeld 1994, pp. 101–102
2863:Germany: The Long Road West
2477:The leading critics of the
1940:deutsche Männer und Freunde
1837:William Montgomery McGovern
1600:Conservatism in Switzerland
1392:Desiderius-Erasmus-Stiftung
1287:Ecological Democratic Party
8339:
7673:Wissenschaft des Judentums
7650:Criticism of Protestantism
6530:Nazi foreign policy debate
5961:Second colonial occupation
5708:Soviet famine of 1930–1933
5346:Tibetan sovereignty debate
4890:Progressive-era historians
4325:Nationalization of history
4276:Historical-critical method
2632:German history before 1806
1922:Raleigh Lecture on History
1880:to investigate why German
1637:Philosophical anthropology
1452:Studienzentrum Weikersheim
1433:Konrad Adenauer Foundation
1426:Institut für Staatspolitik
8308:Historiography of Germany
8082:Jews as the chosen people
8041:Nicaraguan exceptionalism
7895:
7846:
7835:
7791:
7780:
7423:
7412:
6950:
6939:
6911:
6678:Second Sino-Japanese War
6053:
6012:
6001:
5483:Vergangenheitsbewältigung
4655:
4644:
4398:
4387:
4164:
4151:
3803:
3790:
3637:
3624:
3557:
3398:Journal of Social History
3354:Journal of Modern History
2861:Heinrich August Winkler,
2760:Vergangenheitsbewältigung
2491:, who in their 1984 book
2026:L'Allemagne contemporaine
1895:Until the mid-1960s, the
1419:Hans Filbinger Foundation
1399:Forum of German Catholics
1336:German Conservative Party
872:Prussianism and Socialism
8318:Holocaust historiography
8303:German words and phrases
7433:Crisis of historiography
6596:Auschwitz bombing debate
6282:Indian Rebellion of 1857
6133:Late Bronze Age collapse
6067:List of military museums
5670:Pre-Revolutionary Russia
5642:Polish People's Republic
5477:Sybel-Ficker controversy
4841:African-American history
4814:Colonial Spanish America
4603:Second Thirty Years' War
3143:Rethinking the Holocaust
3011:The Holocaust in History
2541:Das Deutsche Kaiserreich
2413:Subdebate over Holocaust
2147:argued that there was a
2062:Die Deutsche Katastrophe
2009:Shirer in his 1960 book
1807:Germany: Jekyll and Hyde
1627:Pan-European nationalism
962:Germany Abolishes Itself
119:This article is part of
8298:20th century in Germany
8293:19th century in Germany
8019:European exceptionalism
7973:American exceptionalism
6546:Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact
6405:Treaty of Brest-Litovsk
5956:Porter–MacKenzie debate
5713:Causes of the Holodomor
5250:Problem of two emperors
5198:Catilinarian conspiracy
4425:Historical significance
4286:Indiscipline of history
4261:Historical anthropology
3367:. London: Arnold Press.
2749:("Historians' Dispute")
2706:theory particularly by
2355:Another variant of the
2338:Heinrich August Winkler
2244:as the basis for their
2213:Another version of the
2145:Heinrich August Winkler
2023:wrote in his 1952 book
1988:wrote in his 1949 book
1984:The American historian
1685:Conservatism portal
1595:Conservatism in Austria
1536:Süddeutsche Monatshefte
1414:Hanns Seidel Foundation
1404:Gerhard Löwenthal Prize
1328:Free Conservative Party
1315:Bavarian People's Party
1295:Family Party of Germany
1248:Alternative for Germany
862:The Decline of the West
130:Conservatism in Germany
94:Heinrich August Winkler
8174:Template:Ethnocentrism
8124:
8003:Chinese exceptionalism
7985:
7640:Protestant Reformation
7614:Second Vatican Council
7592:Succession to Muhammad
7587:Criticism of the Quran
7338:Religious perspectives
7072:Klemens von Metternich
6669:"Battle for Australia"
6551:Soviet offensive plans
6520:Broad vs. narrow front
6359:Late Ottoman genocides
5292:Century of humiliation
5073:Goguryeo controversies
5051:2,500-year celebration
4709:Double genocide theory
4496:Historical negationism
4320:Ancestral civilisation
4308:Historical materialism
4266:Historical determinism
4216:History of mentalities
3511:
3499:
3474:
3447:
3426:
3409:
3392:
3372:
3319:
3313:
3308:
3303:
3290:
3288:Grebing, Helga. 1986.
3263:
3171:18.4 (2004): 446-462.
3112:
2848:
2758:
2743:
2642:
2572:
2562:
2540:
2527:
2521:
2512:
2497:
2479:
2469:Pan-European criticism
2439:
2397:
2391:
2379:
2357:
2295:
2291:
2285:
2271:
2258:
2252:
2246:
2234:
2219:thesis emerged in the
2215:
2211:
2176:
2149:
2141:
2135:
2129:
2118:
2112:
2108:
2102:
2092:
2086:
2067:
2061:
2025:
2007:
2003:National Liberal Party
1982:
1971:
1939:
1911:Lewis Bernstein Namier
1897:
1855:
1773:
1737:
1661:
1647:
1546:
1494:
1459:
1450:
1424:
1390:
1381:
511:
477:
432:
423:
409:
390:
350:
341:
327:
109:
98:
83:
32:
8067:Religious exclusivism
7764:Torsion mangonel myth
7667:Modern Jewish history
7662:Jesuit historiography
7655:Protestant work ethic
7635:Hesychast controversy
7500:Industrial Revolution
7450:Library of Alexandria
7368:The Lord of the Rings
7018:Constantine the Great
6898:Torsion mangonel myth
6830:Sri Lankan Civil War
5909:Storm over the gentry
5810:Colonies or Provinces
5341:Sprouts of capitalism
4415:Historic preservation
4410:Change and continuity
3453:German Studies Review
3301:Groh, Dieter. 1983. "
3036:The Hitler of History
2307:, Gerhard A. Ritter,
2305:Karl Dietrich Bracher
2296:die verspätete Nation
2280:
2206:
2139:between 1933 and 1945
2124:
2116:and claimed that the
2098:
2077:Karl Dietrich Bracher
2019:The French historian
1994:
1967:
1656:Theory of generations
1622:Liberalism in Germany
1409:German Burschenschaft
1360:German People's Party
658:Moeller van den Bruck
404:Social market economy
52:German-speaking lands
48:German historiography
43:[ˈzɔndɐˌveːk]
8201:Planetary chauvinism
7851:Commemorative plaque
7067:Juan Manuel de Rosas
6515:"Blitzkrieg" concept
6386:Powder keg of Europe
6261:Franco-Prussian War
5931:Winter of Discontent
5914:Suffragette Campaign
5581:Italiani brava gente
5547:Revolutionary period
5369:Frankish Interregnum
5302:"Chineseness" debate
5235:Byzantine succession
5220:Fall of Western Rome
5161:Executed Renaissance
4650:By country or region
4594:Age of Enlightenment
4568:Vaticinium ex eventu
4515:Modernisation theory
4349:Quantitative history
3725:Historical documents
3363:Kershaw, Ian. 2000.
2978:Evans 2004, pg. xxiv
2846:Hans-Ulrich Wehler,
2447:with his 1996 book,
2423:Christopher Browning
1958:German Confederation
1931:Frankfurt Parliament
1849:Early postwar period
952:Moral und Hypermoral
932:Fascism in Its Epoch
912:On the Marble Cliffs
506:German reunification
486:German Confederation
66:unlike any other in
8196:Particle chauvinism
8030:Thai exceptionalism
7680:Schools of thought
7645:Proto-Protestantism
7514:School of Thoughts
7396:William Shakespeare
7381:Robert Falcon Scott
7286:Friedrich Nietzsche
7124:Cult of personality
7109:Neville Chamberlain
6969:Alexander the Great
6851:Russo-Georgian War
6824:Sovereignty dispute
6803:Iranian Revolution
6633:"Polish death camp"
6610:In relation to the
6319:Myth of English aid
6310:War of the Pacific
6087:Albigensian Crusade
5512:Indigenous Aryanism
5208:Constantinian shift
4744:Residential schools
4501:Historian's fallacy
4420:Historic recurrence
3918:Numismatics (Money)
3690:Archaeological site
3614:theories of history
3463:Wehler, Hans-Ulrich
3145:. 2002, page 99-102
3000:, 1983 pages 56-57.
2783:Your Job in Germany
2687:The German Ideology
1786:During World War II
1579:Böckenförde dilemma
1461:Tradition und Leben
1445:Queen Louise League
1256:Bündnis Deutschland
882:Ideology and Utopia
459:Anti-Socialist Laws
159:Christian democracy
50:that considers the
8186:HIV exceptionalism
8087:Unification Church
7979:Cultural Exception
7871:Historical realism
7866:Historical fiction
7811:History institutes
7801:Historical society
7796:Heritage registers
7684:Biblical criticism
7597:Islamic golden age
7548:Early Christianity
7428:Bears in antiquity
7316:Medieval Christian
7114:Pedro II of Brazil
7062:José de San Martín
6866:Syrian revolution
6778:Malayan Emergency
6753:1948 Palestine war
6486:Spanish Civil War
6436:War guilt question
6245:American Civil War
6225:Invasion of Russia
6201:New Russian School
5985:Colonial Australia
5701:October Revolution
5464:Strukturgeschichte
5400:Location of Alésia
5319:Hua–Yi distinction
5240:Moscow, third Rome
4856:Reconstruction era
4677:Black Egypt Thesis
4599:European Civil War
4555:Translatio imperii
4510:Invented tradition
3631:Historical sources
2722:Culture und Kultur
2611:. You can help by
2437:The debate on the
2182:Revolution of 1848
2167:Hans-Ulrich Wehler
2081:Henry Ashby Turner
2045:Friedrich Meinecke
1926:Revolution of 1848
1884:failed during the
1760:Hans-Ulrich Wehler
1697:Germany portal
1649:Stahlhelm-Fraktion
1585:European New Right
1513:Deutsche Rundschau
1323:Conservative Party
628:Jünger (Friedrich)
380:Political theology
54:or the country of
8313:History of Europe
8280:
8279:
8191:Carbon chauvinism
8114:God's Own Country
7925:
7924:
7891:
7890:
7831:
7830:
7776:
7775:
7772:
7771:
7689:Catholic theology
7543:Avestan geography
7408:
7407:
7404:
7403:
7391:Søren Kierkegaard
7264:
7263:
7175:Warren G. Harding
6935:
6934:
6931:
6930:
6734:
6733:
6612:Armenian genocide
6475:Polish–Soviet War
6470:Burning of Smyrna
6456:
6455:
6446:Reichstag inquiry
6369:Patriotic consent
6240:
6239:
6215:War in the Vendée
6179:French Revolution
6161:century conflicts
6150:Peloponnesian War
6111:Eighty Years' War
5997:
5996:
5993:
5992:
5973:
5972:
5969:
5968:
5902:Westminster Stone
5599:Southern question
5438:Alltagsgeschichte
5388:Legendary Saracen
5090:Early settlements
4898:
4897:
4878:Political history
4863:Consensus history
4640:
4639:
4636:
4635:
4632:
4631:
4622:Continuity thesis
4561:Translatio studii
4447:Theory of history
4383:
4382:
4379:
4378:
4337:Subaltern Studies
4222:Nouvelle histoire
4147:
4146:
4143:
4142:
4059:Medieval churches
4046:Geistesgeschichte
3990:Paleoanthropology
3898:Encyclopaedistics
3786:
3785:
3782:
3781:
3654:Secondary sources
3451:Debate Left Us."
3424:Peukert, Detlev.
3334:, February 1983,
3296:Kohlhammer Verlag
2865:(2006), vol 1 p 1
2708:Theodor W. Adorno
2638:Holy Roman Empire
2629:
2628:
2459:Ruth Bettina Birn
2417:In his 1992 book
2309:M. Rainer Lepsius
2171:industrialization
2093:Sonderbewusstsein
1954:Holy Roman Empire
1915:William L. Shirer
1815:Robert Vansittart
1803:Sebastian Haffner
1733:
1732:
1617:German militarism
922:The Questionnaire
535:Völkisch movement
256:Historical School
251:Right-Hegelianism
16:(Redirected from
8330:
8221:Phallogocentrism
8149:Anthropocentrism
8129:
8035:Hangul supremacy
7990:
7952:
7945:
7938:
7929:
7914:
7913:
7904:
7903:
7856:Documentary film
7837:
7816:History journals
7782:
7755:
7627:
7563:Primacy of Peter
7510:Great Depression
7490:
7463:
7441:
7414:
7362:J. R. R. Tolkien
7217:
7212:
7200:
7188:
7170:Ulysses S. Grant
7165:Thomas Jefferson
7156:
7132:
7095:
7058:
7046:
7014:
7002:
6994:Chiang Ching-kuo
6984:Cato the Younger
6974:Amin al-Husseini
6952:
6941:
6920:
6919:
6903:War and genocide
6727:
6713:Résistancialisme
6700:Battle of France
6682:Nanjing Massacre
6536:
6417:
6413:
6377:
6327:
6209:
6192:
6165:
6092:Catharism debate
6078:pre-18th century
6060:Military history
6037:
6030:
6023:
6014:
6007:By war, conflict
6003:
5951:Cambridge School
5937:
5835:
5823:
5799:
5780:
5690:
5678:
5650:
5472:
5450:Historikerstreit
5420:
5408:
5396:
5377:
5363:Cordon sanitaire
5309:New Qing History
5297:Conquest dynasty
5288:
5203:Christianization
5186:
5105:
5018:
5006:
4994:
4972:
4960:
4952:Byzantine Empire
4807:Iquicha Royalism
4796:
4762:
4685:
4657:
4646:
4589:Age of Discovery
4578:Periodization of
4575:
4549:Transhistoricity
4544:Thirty-year rule
4455:
4443:
4400:
4389:
4369:Great Man theory
4332:People's history
4294:
4199:
4191:Three-age system
4153:
3853:Archival science
3805:
3792:
3659:Tertiary sources
3639:
3626:
3575:by area of study
3544:
3537:
3530:
3521:
3514:
3502:
3477:
3450:
3429:
3412:
3395:
3375:
3322:
3316:
3311:
3306:
3293:
3266:
3235:
3232:
3226:
3219:
3213:
3206:
3193:
3186:
3175:
3165:
3159:
3158:. 2004, page 363
3152:
3146:
3139:
3133:
3126:
3117:
3115:
3113:Historikerstreit
3108:
3102:
3095:
3089:
3074:
3068:
3061:
3055:
3048:
3039:
3032:
3023:
3020:
3014:
3009:Marrus, Michael
3007:
3001:
2994:
2988:
2987:Shirer, pg. 1080
2985:
2979:
2976:
2970:
2967:
2961:
2958:
2952:
2949:
2943:
2936:
2930:
2923:
2917:
2910:
2901:
2894:
2875:
2872:
2866:
2859:
2853:
2851:
2844:
2835:
2828:
2809:
2802:
2763:
2748:
2745:Historikerstreit
2727:Non-simultaneity
2700:Frankfurt School
2696:Friedrich Engels
2674:Manifest destiny
2645:
2624:
2621:
2603:
2596:
2575:
2565:
2558:Wolfgang Mommsen
2543:
2536:Thomas Nipperdey
2530:
2528:Sammlungspolitik
2524:
2515:
2500:
2489:David Blackbourn
2482:
2463:collective guilt
2445:Daniel Goldhagen
2442:
2400:
2394:
2384:
2381:Historikerstreit
2375:authoritarianism
2360:
2298:
2288:
2277:
2274:
2269:wrote about the
2261:
2255:
2249:
2237:
2218:
2179:
2152:
2138:
2132:
2121:
2115:
2105:
2095:
2089:
2073:Klaus Hildebrand
2070:
2064:
2028:
1974:
1942:
1900:
1878:cultural history
1858:
1776:
1764:Bielefeld School
1740:
1725:
1718:
1711:
1695:
1694:
1693:
1683:
1682:
1681:
1666:
1652:
1590:Collective guilt
1551:
1532:
1499:
1485:
1464:
1455:
1429:
1395:
1386:
1364:
1356:
1348:
1340:
1332:
1319:
1304:
1291:
1276:
1268:
1260:
1252:
977:
967:
957:
947:
937:
927:
917:
907:
897:
892:Man and Technics
887:
877:
867:
857:
847:
842:Das Ressentiment
837:
827:
817:
807:
698:Ritter (Joachim)
693:Ritter (Gerhard)
530:Oster conspiracy
516:
513:Historikerstreit
482:
464:Carlsbad Decrees
437:
428:
414:
399:Social hierarchy
395:
385:Prussian virtues
355:
346:
332:
281:Christian values
141:
131:
116:
101:
86:
45:
40:
35:
21:
18:German Sonderweg
8338:
8337:
8333:
8332:
8331:
8329:
8328:
8327:
8323:Linear theories
8283:
8282:
8281:
8276:
8235:
8132:
8097:
8062:Religiocentrism
8050:
7961:
7956:
7926:
7921:
7920:
7887:
7842:
7827:
7787:
7768:
7751:
7734:
7725:
7621:
7529:
7505:Great Recession
7488:
7459:
7435:
7419:
7400:
7291:H. P. Lovecraft
7260:
7222:
7215:
7206:
7194:
7182:
7150:
7126:
7099:Muammar Gaddafi
7089:
7077:Leonid Brezhnev
7052:
7040:
7023:Gregory Palamas
7008:
7006:Chiang Kai Shek
6996:
6956:
6946:
6927:
6926:
6907:
6888:Conflict thesis
6876:
6840:
6730:
6721:
6688:
6652:
6582:
6534:
6496:
6462:Interwar period
6452:
6422:
6415:
6407:
6391:Schlieffen Plan
6371:
6332:
6321:
6236:
6203:
6186:
6171:
6160:
6154:
6138:Dorian invasion
6123:Fall of Babylon
6079:
6073:
6072:
6049:
6041:
6008:
5989:
5965:
5942:
5935:
5897:Kingdom of Alba
5878:
5871:
5838:
5829:
5817:
5815:Spanish decline
5793:
5774:
5729:
5684:
5672:
5653:
5644:
5610:
5551:
5516:
5502:Greater Magadha
5488:
5466:
5423:
5414:
5402:
5390:
5371:
5350:
5324:Four Barbarians
5282:
5256:
5184:
5141:Götaland theory
5109:Lusotropicalism
5099:
5080:North Macedonia
5012:
5000:
4988:
4966:
4954:
4894:
4873:Frontier thesis
4868:Cyclical theory
4851:Neoabolitionism
4827:
4790:
4760:
4722:
4699:Greater Morocco
4679:
4651:
4628:
4579:
4573:
4465:
4449:
4437:
4394:
4375:
4288:
4203:
4197:
4179:Historical eras
4160:
4139:
3974:
3871:Writing systems
3841:
3799:
3797:Fields of study
3778:
3772:Service records
3757:Religious texts
3663:
3649:Primary sources
3633:
3620:
3619:
3553:
3548:
3503:paths explained
3493:
3244:
3239:
3238:
3233:
3229:
3220:
3216:
3207:
3196:
3187:
3178:
3166:
3162:
3153:
3149:
3141:Bauer, Yehuda.
3140:
3136:
3127:
3120:
3109:
3105:
3096:
3092:
3075:
3071:
3062:
3058:
3049:
3042:
3033:
3026:
3021:
3017:
3008:
3004:
2995:
2991:
2986:
2982:
2977:
2973:
2968:
2964:
2959:
2955:
2950:
2946:
2938:Taylor, A.J.P.
2937:
2933:
2925:Taylor, A.J.P.
2924:
2920:
2912:Taylor, A.J.P.
2911:
2904:
2900:, 1983 page 56.
2895:
2878:
2873:
2869:
2860:
2856:
2845:
2838:
2829:
2812:
2803:
2796:
2791:
2768:Here Is Germany
2729:, a concept by
2660:
2652:Napoleonic Wars
2634:
2625:
2619:
2616:
2609:needs expansion
2591:David Nirenberg
2568:Weimar Republic
2546:Weimar Republic
2471:
2415:
2363:Michael Stürmer
2314:Leonard Krieger
2275:
2159:
2157:Since mid-1960s
2130:horribile dictu
1962:Weimar Republic
1907:A. J. P. Taylor
1886:Weimar Republic
1851:
1788:
1783:
1752:Imperial Russia
1743:imperial period
1729:
1691:
1689:
1679:
1677:
1670:
1669:
1573:
1565:
1564:
1560:Welt am Sonntag
1530:
1483:
1476:
1468:
1467:
1376:
1368:
1367:
1362:
1354:
1346:
1338:
1330:
1317:
1302:
1300:The Republicans
1289:
1274:
1266:
1258:
1250:
1240:
1232:
1231:
1187:
1179:
1178:
1042:
1034:
1033:
1019:Strauss (Botho)
989:
981:
980:
975:
965:
955:
945:
935:
925:
915:
905:
895:
885:
875:
865:
855:
845:
835:
825:
815:
805:
796:
788:
787:
548:
540:
539:
449:
441:
440:
271:
263:
262:
210:State Socialism
149:
129:
114:
38:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
8336:
8334:
8326:
8325:
8320:
8315:
8310:
8305:
8300:
8295:
8285:
8284:
8278:
8277:
8275:
8274:
8272:Technocentrism
8269:
8264:
8259:
8254:
8249:
8243:
8241:
8237:
8236:
8234:
8233:
8228:
8223:
8218:
8216:Phallocentrism
8213:
8208:
8206:Sentiocentrism
8203:
8198:
8193:
8188:
8183:
8178:
8177:
8176:
8166:
8161:
8156:
8151:
8146:
8140:
8138:
8134:
8133:
8131:
8130:
8121:
8119:Middle Kingdom
8116:
8111:
8105:
8103:
8099:
8098:
8096:
8095:
8090:
8084:
8079:
8074:
8069:
8064:
8058:
8056:
8052:
8051:
8049:
8048:
8043:
8038:
8032:
8027:
8021:
8016:
8011:(Europe &
8006:
7999:Han chauvinism
7992:
7982:
7976:
7969:
7967:
7963:
7962:
7959:Exceptionalism
7957:
7955:
7954:
7947:
7940:
7932:
7923:
7922:
7919:
7918:
7908:
7897:
7896:
7893:
7892:
7889:
7888:
7886:
7885:
7880:
7879:
7878:
7873:
7863:
7858:
7853:
7847:
7844:
7843:
7840:
7833:
7832:
7829:
7828:
7826:
7825:
7824:
7823:
7813:
7808:
7798:
7792:
7789:
7788:
7785:
7778:
7777:
7774:
7773:
7770:
7769:
7767:
7766:
7761:
7756:
7749:
7744:
7738:
7736:
7727:
7726:
7724:
7723:
7722:
7721:
7716:
7711:
7706:
7701:
7696:
7691:
7686:
7678:
7677:
7676:
7664:
7659:
7658:
7657:
7652:
7647:
7637:
7632:
7631:
7630:
7629:
7628:
7606:
7605:
7604:
7599:
7594:
7589:
7579:
7578:
7577:
7572:
7571:
7570:
7560:
7555:
7545:
7539:
7537:
7531:
7530:
7528:
7527:
7526:
7525:
7520:
7512:
7507:
7502:
7496:
7494:
7487:
7486:
7481:
7476:
7469:
7464:
7457:
7452:
7447:
7442:
7430:
7424:
7421:
7420:
7417:
7410:
7409:
7406:
7405:
7402:
7401:
7399:
7398:
7393:
7388:
7383:
7378:
7373:
7372:
7371:
7359:
7358:
7357:
7356:
7355:
7350:
7345:
7335:
7330:
7320:
7319:
7318:
7313:
7308:
7298:
7293:
7288:
7283:
7281:Charles Darwin
7278:
7272:
7270:
7266:
7265:
7262:
7261:
7259:
7258:
7253:
7251:United Kingdom
7248:
7243:
7241:Modern Germany
7238:
7233:
7227:
7225:
7214:
7213:
7201:
7189:
7177:
7172:
7167:
7162:
7160:Thomas Aquinas
7157:
7145:
7140:
7139:
7138:
7133:
7116:
7111:
7106:
7101:
7096:
7084:
7079:
7074:
7069:
7064:
7059:
7047:
7035:
7030:
7028:Horatio Nelson
7025:
7020:
7015:
7003:
6991:
6986:
6981:
6976:
6971:
6966:
6960:
6958:
6948:
6947:
6944:
6937:
6936:
6933:
6932:
6929:
6928:
6925:
6924:
6913:
6912:
6909:
6908:
6906:
6905:
6900:
6895:
6890:
6884:
6882:
6878:
6877:
6875:
6874:
6873:
6872:
6864:
6863:
6862:
6860:Responsibility
6857:
6848:
6846:
6842:
6841:
6839:
6838:
6837:
6836:
6828:
6827:
6826:
6816:
6811:
6810:
6809:
6801:
6800:
6799:
6791:
6786:
6785:
6784:
6776:
6775:
6774:
6772:New Historians
6769:
6764:
6750:
6744:
6742:
6736:
6735:
6732:
6731:
6729:
6728:
6716:
6709:
6702:
6696:
6694:
6690:
6689:
6687:
6686:
6685:
6684:
6676:
6671:
6666:
6660:
6658:
6654:
6653:
6651:
6650:
6645:
6640:
6638:Responsibility
6635:
6630:
6629:
6628:
6618:
6608:
6603:
6598:
6592:
6590:
6584:
6583:
6581:
6580:
6579:
6578:
6573:
6563:
6558:
6553:
6548:
6542:
6540:
6533:
6532:
6527:
6522:
6517:
6512:
6506:
6504:
6498:
6497:
6495:
6494:
6493:
6492:
6484:
6483:
6482:
6472:
6466:
6464:
6458:
6457:
6454:
6453:
6451:
6450:
6449:
6448:
6443:
6433:
6427:
6425:
6414:
6402:
6396:Spirit of 1914
6393:
6388:
6383:
6378:
6366:
6356:
6353:Fischer thesis
6342:
6340:
6334:
6333:
6331:
6330:
6329:
6328:
6316:
6308:
6307:
6306:
6296:
6294:Paraguayan War
6291:
6290:
6289:
6279:
6274:
6273:
6272:
6267:
6259:
6258:
6257:
6252:
6241:
6238:
6237:
6235:
6234:
6233:
6232:
6227:
6220:Napoleonic era
6217:
6212:
6211:
6210:
6198:
6193:
6184:Pre-revolution
6175:
6173:
6169:Coalition Wars
6162:
6156:
6155:
6153:
6152:
6147:
6146:
6145:
6140:
6130:
6125:
6120:
6119:
6118:
6108:
6107:
6106:
6096:
6095:
6094:
6083:
6081:
6075:
6074:
6071:
6070:
6063:
6055:
6054:
6051:
6050:
6047:historiography
6042:
6040:
6039:
6032:
6025:
6017:
6010:
6009:
6006:
5999:
5998:
5995:
5994:
5991:
5990:
5988:
5987:
5981:
5979:
5975:
5974:
5971:
5970:
5967:
5966:
5964:
5963:
5958:
5953:
5947:
5945:
5934:
5933:
5928:
5927:
5926:
5916:
5911:
5906:
5905:
5904:
5899:
5889:
5883:
5881:
5873:
5872:
5870:
5869:
5868:
5867:
5865:Decline thesis
5862:
5855:Ottoman Empire
5852:
5846:
5844:
5840:
5839:
5837:
5836:
5824:
5812:
5807:
5802:
5801:
5800:
5781:
5769:
5764:
5757:
5752:
5747:
5737:
5735:
5731:
5730:
5728:
5727:
5726:
5725:
5720:
5715:
5705:
5704:
5703:
5693:
5692:
5691:
5682:Skeptic School
5667:
5665:Anti-Normanism
5661:
5659:
5655:
5654:
5652:
5651:
5639:
5634:
5629:
5624:
5622:Golden Liberty
5618:
5616:
5612:
5611:
5609:
5608:
5607:
5606:
5604:Neo-Bourbonism
5596:
5591:
5584:
5577:
5572:
5565:
5559:
5557:
5553:
5552:
5550:
5549:
5544:
5539:
5532:
5526:
5524:
5518:
5517:
5515:
5514:
5509:
5504:
5498:
5496:
5490:
5489:
5487:
5486:
5479:
5474:
5460:
5453:
5446:
5444:Borussian myth
5441:
5433:
5431:
5425:
5424:
5422:
5421:
5409:
5397:
5385:
5378:
5366:
5358:
5356:
5352:
5351:
5349:
5348:
5343:
5338:
5333:
5332:
5331:
5326:
5316:
5311:
5306:
5305:
5304:
5294:
5289:
5277:
5272:
5266:
5264:
5258:
5257:
5255:
5254:
5253:
5252:
5247:
5242:
5237:
5227:
5222:
5217:
5212:
5211:
5210:
5200:
5194:
5192:
5183:
5182:
5181:
5180:
5175:
5165:
5164:
5163:
5155:
5150:
5145:
5144:
5143:
5135:
5134:
5133:
5123:
5122:
5121:
5113:
5112:
5111:
5094:
5093:
5092:
5082:
5077:
5076:
5075:
5070:
5060:
5055:
5054:
5053:
5045:
5044:
5043:
5033:
5032:
5031:
5021:
5020:
5019:
5007:
4995:
4980:
4975:
4974:
4973:
4949:
4944:
4943:
4942:
4934:
4929:
4928:
4927:
4919:
4918:
4917:
4915:Dealbanisation
4906:
4904:
4900:
4899:
4896:
4895:
4893:
4892:
4887:
4886:
4885:
4875:
4870:
4865:
4860:
4859:
4858:
4853:
4848:
4837:
4835:
4829:
4828:
4826:
4825:
4824:
4823:
4811:
4810:
4809:
4799:
4798:
4797:
4785:
4779:May Revolution
4770:
4768:
4759:
4758:
4753:
4752:
4751:
4749:Staples thesis
4746:
4741:
4730:
4728:
4724:
4723:
4721:
4720:
4713:
4712:
4711:
4703:
4702:
4701:
4693:
4688:
4687:
4686:
4674:
4665:
4663:
4653:
4652:
4649:
4642:
4641:
4638:
4637:
4634:
4633:
4630:
4629:
4627:
4626:
4625:
4624:
4614:
4605:
4596:
4591:
4585:
4583:
4581:modern history
4572:
4571:
4564:
4551:
4546:
4541:
4540:
4539:
4527:
4525:Paradigm shift
4522:
4517:
4512:
4507:
4498:
4493:
4488:
4479:
4473:
4471:
4467:
4466:
4464:
4463:
4458:
4457:
4456:
4432:
4427:
4422:
4417:
4412:
4406:
4404:
4396:
4395:
4392:
4385:
4384:
4381:
4380:
4377:
4376:
4374:
4373:
4372:
4371:
4361:
4356:
4351:
4346:
4341:
4340:
4339:
4329:
4328:
4327:
4322:
4312:
4311:
4310:
4300:
4295:
4283:
4278:
4273:
4268:
4263:
4258:
4253:
4252:
4251:
4241:
4236:
4227:
4226:
4225:
4218:
4211:Annales school
4207:
4205:
4196:
4195:
4194:
4193:
4188:
4181:
4171:
4165:
4162:
4161:
4156:
4149:
4148:
4145:
4144:
4141:
4140:
4138:
4137:
4136:
4135:
4130:
4125:
4124:
4123:
4113:
4108:
4103:
4098:
4093:
4083:
4082:
4081:
4076:
4074:Constitutional
4066:
4061:
4056:
4051:
4050:
4049:
4037:
4036:
4035:
4030:
4025:
4020:
4010:
3997:
3992:
3982:
3980:
3976:
3975:
3973:
3972:
3967:
3962:
3957:
3952:
3950:Postage stamps
3947:
3942:
3937:
3936:
3935:
3925:
3920:
3915:
3910:
3905:
3900:
3895:
3890:
3889:
3888:
3878:
3873:
3864:
3849:
3847:
3843:
3842:
3840:
3839:
3834:
3829:
3828:
3827:
3817:
3811:
3809:
3801:
3800:
3795:
3788:
3787:
3784:
3783:
3780:
3779:
3777:
3776:
3775:
3774:
3764:
3759:
3754:
3749:
3747:Oral tradition
3744:
3743:
3742:
3732:
3727:
3722:
3717:
3712:
3707:
3702:
3697:
3692:
3687:
3682:
3677:
3671:
3669:
3665:
3664:
3662:
3661:
3656:
3651:
3645:
3643:
3635:
3634:
3629:
3622:
3621:
3618:
3617:
3610:
3603:
3596:
3588:
3587:
3580:
3579:
3578:
3559:
3558:
3555:
3554:
3551:Historiography
3549:
3547:
3546:
3539:
3532:
3524:
3518:
3517:
3506:
3492:
3491:External links
3489:
3488:
3487:
3470:
3460:
3443:
3422:
3405:
3388:
3368:
3361:
3350:
3339:
3328:
3299:
3286:
3279:
3268:
3255:
3249:World Politics
3243:
3240:
3237:
3236:
3227:
3214:
3194:
3176:
3169:French History
3160:
3147:
3134:
3118:
3103:
3090:
3069:
3056:
3040:
3024:
3022:Kershaw 2000:7
3015:
3002:
2989:
2980:
2971:
2962:
2960:Shirer pg. 236
2953:
2944:
2931:
2918:
2902:
2876:
2874:Kershaw 2000:8
2867:
2854:
2836:
2810:
2793:
2792:
2790:
2787:
2786:
2785:
2780:
2775:
2770:
2765:
2755:
2750:
2740:
2735:
2734:
2733:
2724:
2676:
2671:
2669:Exceptionalism
2666:
2659:
2656:
2633:
2630:
2627:
2626:
2606:
2604:
2580:Detlev Peukert
2470:
2467:
2427:German culture
2414:
2411:
2371:Central Europe
2342:blood and iron
2328:Hans Rosenberg
2301:Ernst Fraenkel
2247:Weltanschauung
2158:
2155:
2068:Betriebsunfall
2053:Gerhard Ritter
2021:Edmond Vermeil
1850:
1847:
1823:aggressiveness
1787:
1784:
1782:
1779:
1774:Klassenhabitus
1758:The historian
1731:
1730:
1728:
1727:
1720:
1713:
1705:
1702:
1701:
1700:
1699:
1687:
1672:
1671:
1668:
1667:
1658:
1653:
1644:
1639:
1634:
1629:
1624:
1619:
1614:
1607:
1602:
1597:
1592:
1587:
1582:
1574:
1572:Related topics
1571:
1570:
1567:
1566:
1563:
1562:
1557:
1552:
1548:Verlag Antaios
1543:
1538:
1533:
1525:
1523:Junge Freiheit
1520:
1515:
1510:
1505:
1500:
1491:
1486:
1477:
1474:
1473:
1470:
1469:
1466:
1465:
1456:
1447:
1442:
1435:
1430:
1421:
1416:
1411:
1406:
1401:
1396:
1387:
1377:
1374:
1373:
1370:
1369:
1366:
1365:
1357:
1349:
1341:
1333:
1325:
1320:
1306:
1305:
1297:
1292:
1284:
1279:
1278:
1277:
1261:
1253:
1241:
1238:
1237:
1234:
1233:
1230:
1229:
1224:
1219:
1214:
1209:
1204:
1199:
1194:
1188:
1185:
1184:
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1177:
1176:
1171:
1166:
1161:
1156:
1151:
1146:
1141:
1136:
1131:
1126:
1124:von Schleicher
1121:
1116:
1111:
1106:
1101:
1096:
1091:
1085:
1080:
1075:
1069:
1064:
1059:
1054:
1049:
1043:
1040:
1039:
1036:
1035:
1032:
1031:
1026:
1021:
1016:
1011:
1006:
1001:
996:
990:
987:
986:
983:
982:
979:
978:
972:Finis Germania
968:
958:
948:
938:
928:
918:
908:
898:
888:
878:
868:
858:
848:
838:
828:
818:
808:
797:
794:
793:
790:
789:
786:
785:
780:
775:
773:von Treitschke
770:
765:
760:
755:
750:
745:
740:
735:
730:
725:
720:
715:
710:
705:
700:
695:
690:
685:
680:
675:
670:
665:
660:
655:
650:
645:
640:
635:
630:
625:
623:Jünger (Ernst)
620:
615:
613:von Hildebrand
610:
605:
600:
595:
590:
585:
580:
575:
570:
565:
560:
555:
549:
546:
545:
542:
541:
538:
537:
532:
527:
522:
517:
508:
503:
502:
501:
488:
483:
474:
466:
461:
456:
450:
447:
446:
443:
442:
439:
438:
429:
420:
415:
406:
401:
396:
387:
382:
377:
371:
366:
361:
356:
347:
338:
333:
324:
319:
312:
305:
304:
303:
298:
288:
283:
278:
272:
269:
268:
265:
264:
261:
260:
259:
258:
253:
243:
242:
241:
231:
230:
229:
224:
214:
213:
212:
202:
197:
196:
195:
183:
178:
177:
176:
171:
161:
156:
150:
147:
146:
143:
142:
134:
133:
125:
124:
113:
110:
89:German history
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
8335:
8324:
8321:
8319:
8316:
8314:
8311:
8309:
8306:
8304:
8301:
8299:
8296:
8294:
8291:
8290:
8288:
8273:
8270:
8268:
8265:
8263:
8262:Particularism
8260:
8258:
8255:
8253:
8250:
8248:
8245:
8244:
8242:
8238:
8232:
8229:
8227:
8226:Phonocentrism
8224:
8222:
8219:
8217:
8214:
8212:
8209:
8207:
8204:
8202:
8199:
8197:
8194:
8192:
8189:
8187:
8184:
8182:
8179:
8175:
8172:
8171:
8170:
8169:Ethnocentrism
8167:
8165:
8162:
8160:
8157:
8155:
8154:Androcentrism
8152:
8150:
8147:
8145:
8142:
8141:
8139:
8135:
8128:
8127:
8122:
8120:
8117:
8115:
8112:
8110:
8109:Chosen people
8107:
8106:
8104:
8100:
8094:
8091:
8088:
8085:
8083:
8080:
8078:
8075:
8073:
8070:
8068:
8065:
8063:
8060:
8059:
8057:
8053:
8047:
8044:
8042:
8039:
8036:
8033:
8031:
8028:
8026:(Philippines)
8025:
8022:
8020:
8017:
8014:
8010:
8007:
8004:
8000:
7996:
7993:
7989:
7988:
7983:
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7974:
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7953:
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7934:
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7930:
7917:
7909:
7907:
7899:
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7894:
7884:
7881:
7877:
7874:
7872:
7869:
7868:
7867:
7864:
7862:
7859:
7857:
7854:
7852:
7849:
7848:
7845:
7838:
7834:
7822:
7819:
7818:
7817:
7814:
7812:
7809:
7806:
7802:
7799:
7797:
7794:
7793:
7790:
7783:
7779:
7765:
7762:
7760:
7757:
7754:
7750:
7748:
7745:
7743:
7742:Merton thesis
7740:
7739:
7737:
7732:
7728:
7720:
7717:
7715:
7712:
7710:
7707:
7705:
7702:
7700:
7697:
7695:
7694:Panbabylonism
7692:
7690:
7687:
7685:
7682:
7681:
7679:
7675:
7674:
7670:
7669:
7668:
7665:
7663:
7660:
7656:
7653:
7651:
7648:
7646:
7643:
7642:
7641:
7638:
7636:
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7625:
7620:
7617:
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7615:
7612:
7611:
7610:
7607:
7603:
7600:
7598:
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7498:
7497:
7495:
7491:
7485:
7482:
7480:
7477:
7475:
7474:
7470:
7468:
7465:
7462:
7458:
7456:
7453:
7451:
7448:
7446:
7443:
7439:
7434:
7431:
7429:
7426:
7425:
7422:
7415:
7411:
7397:
7394:
7392:
7389:
7387:
7384:
7382:
7379:
7377:
7374:
7370:
7369:
7365:
7364:
7363:
7360:
7354:
7351:
7349:
7346:
7344:
7341:
7340:
7339:
7336:
7334:
7331:
7329:
7326:
7325:
7324:
7321:
7317:
7314:
7312:
7309:
7307:
7304:
7303:
7302:
7299:
7297:
7294:
7292:
7289:
7287:
7284:
7282:
7279:
7277:
7274:
7273:
7271:
7267:
7257:
7256:United States
7254:
7252:
7249:
7247:
7244:
7242:
7239:
7237:
7234:
7232:
7229:
7228:
7226:
7224:
7218:
7210:
7205:
7202:
7198:
7193:
7190:
7186:
7181:
7178:
7176:
7173:
7171:
7168:
7166:
7163:
7161:
7158:
7154:
7149:
7146:
7144:
7141:
7137:
7136:Bolivarianism
7134:
7130:
7125:
7122:
7121:
7120:
7119:Simon Bolivar
7117:
7115:
7112:
7110:
7107:
7105:
7102:
7100:
7097:
7093:
7088:
7085:
7083:
7080:
7078:
7075:
7073:
7070:
7068:
7065:
7063:
7060:
7056:
7051:
7050:Joseph Stalin
7048:
7044:
7039:
7036:
7034:
7031:
7029:
7026:
7024:
7021:
7019:
7016:
7012:
7007:
7004:
7000:
6995:
6992:
6990:
6987:
6985:
6982:
6980:
6977:
6975:
6972:
6970:
6967:
6965:
6962:
6961:
6959:
6953:
6949:
6942:
6938:
6923:
6915:
6914:
6910:
6904:
6901:
6899:
6896:
6894:
6891:
6889:
6886:
6885:
6883:
6879:
6871:
6868:
6867:
6865:
6861:
6858:
6856:
6853:
6852:
6850:
6849:
6847:
6845:Post-Cold War
6843:
6835:
6832:
6831:
6829:
6825:
6822:
6821:
6820:
6819:Falklands War
6817:
6815:
6814:Iran–Iraq War
6812:
6808:
6805:
6804:
6802:
6798:
6795:
6794:
6792:
6790:
6787:
6783:
6780:
6779:
6777:
6773:
6770:
6768:
6765:
6763:
6762:Ongoing Nakba
6759:
6756:
6755:
6754:
6751:
6749:
6746:
6745:
6743:
6741:
6737:
6725:
6720:
6717:
6715:
6714:
6710:
6708:
6707:
6703:
6701:
6698:
6697:
6695:
6693:Western Front
6691:
6683:
6680:
6679:
6677:
6675:
6674:Bengal famine
6672:
6670:
6667:
6665:
6662:
6661:
6659:
6655:
6649:
6646:
6644:
6641:
6639:
6636:
6634:
6631:
6627:
6624:
6623:
6622:
6619:
6617:
6613:
6609:
6607:
6604:
6602:
6599:
6597:
6594:
6593:
6591:
6589:
6588:The Holocaust
6585:
6577:
6574:
6572:
6569:
6568:
6567:
6564:
6562:
6559:
6557:
6554:
6552:
6549:
6547:
6544:
6543:
6541:
6539:Eastern Front
6537:
6531:
6528:
6526:
6523:
6521:
6518:
6516:
6513:
6511:
6508:
6507:
6505:
6503:
6499:
6491:
6488:
6487:
6485:
6481:
6478:
6477:
6476:
6473:
6471:
6468:
6467:
6465:
6463:
6459:
6447:
6444:
6442:
6439:
6438:
6437:
6434:
6432:
6429:
6428:
6426:
6424:
6418:
6411:
6406:
6403:
6401:
6397:
6394:
6392:
6389:
6387:
6384:
6382:
6379:
6375:
6370:
6367:
6364:
6360:
6357:
6354:
6350:
6346:
6343:
6341:
6339:
6335:
6325:
6320:
6317:
6315:
6312:
6311:
6309:
6305:
6302:
6301:
6300:
6297:
6295:
6292:
6288:
6285:
6284:
6283:
6280:
6278:
6275:
6271:
6270:Paris Commune
6268:
6266:
6263:
6262:
6260:
6256:
6255:Turning point
6253:
6251:
6248:
6247:
6246:
6243:
6242:
6231:
6228:
6226:
6223:
6222:
6221:
6218:
6216:
6213:
6207:
6202:
6199:
6197:
6194:
6190:
6185:
6182:
6181:
6180:
6177:
6176:
6174:
6170:
6166:
6163:
6159:18th and 19th
6157:
6151:
6148:
6144:
6141:
6139:
6136:
6135:
6134:
6131:
6129:
6126:
6124:
6121:
6117:
6114:
6113:
6112:
6109:
6105:
6104:Islamic views
6102:
6101:
6100:
6097:
6093:
6090:
6089:
6088:
6085:
6084:
6082:
6076:
6069:
6068:
6064:
6062:
6061:
6057:
6056:
6052:
6048:
6045:
6038:
6033:
6031:
6026:
6024:
6019:
6018:
6015:
6011:
6004:
6000:
5986:
5983:
5982:
5980:
5976:
5962:
5959:
5957:
5954:
5952:
5949:
5948:
5946:
5944:
5938:
5932:
5929:
5925:
5922:
5921:
5920:
5917:
5915:
5912:
5910:
5907:
5903:
5900:
5898:
5895:
5894:
5893:
5890:
5888:
5885:
5884:
5882:
5880:
5874:
5866:
5863:
5861:
5858:
5857:
5856:
5853:
5851:
5848:
5847:
5845:
5841:
5833:
5828:
5827:Ser de España
5825:
5821:
5816:
5813:
5811:
5808:
5806:
5803:
5797:
5792:
5789:
5788:
5787:
5786:
5782:
5778:
5773:
5770:
5768:
5765:
5763:
5762:
5758:
5756:
5753:
5751:
5748:
5746:
5742:
5739:
5738:
5736:
5732:
5724:
5721:
5719:
5716:
5714:
5711:
5710:
5709:
5706:
5702:
5699:
5698:
5697:
5694:
5688:
5683:
5680:
5679:
5676:
5671:
5668:
5666:
5663:
5662:
5660:
5656:
5648:
5643:
5640:
5638:
5635:
5633:
5630:
5628:
5625:
5623:
5620:
5619:
5617:
5613:
5605:
5602:
5601:
5600:
5597:
5595:
5592:
5590:
5589:
5585:
5583:
5582:
5578:
5576:
5573:
5571:
5570:
5566:
5564:
5561:
5560:
5558:
5554:
5548:
5545:
5543:
5540:
5537:
5533:
5531:
5528:
5527:
5525:
5523:
5519:
5513:
5510:
5508:
5505:
5503:
5500:
5499:
5497:
5495:
5491:
5485:
5484:
5480:
5478:
5475:
5473:
5470:
5465:
5461:
5459:
5458:
5454:
5452:
5451:
5447:
5445:
5442:
5440:
5439:
5435:
5434:
5432:
5430:
5426:
5418:
5413:
5410:
5406:
5401:
5398:
5394:
5389:
5386:
5384:
5383:
5379:
5375:
5370:
5367:
5365:
5364:
5360:
5359:
5357:
5353:
5347:
5344:
5342:
5339:
5337:
5334:
5330:
5327:
5325:
5322:
5321:
5320:
5317:
5315:
5312:
5310:
5307:
5303:
5300:
5299:
5298:
5295:
5293:
5290:
5286:
5281:
5278:
5276:
5273:
5271:
5268:
5267:
5265:
5263:
5259:
5251:
5248:
5246:
5245:Ottoman claim
5243:
5241:
5238:
5236:
5233:
5232:
5231:
5228:
5226:
5225:Prosopography
5223:
5221:
5218:
5216:
5213:
5209:
5206:
5205:
5204:
5201:
5199:
5196:
5195:
5193:
5191:
5187:
5179:
5178:Trưng sisters
5176:
5174:
5173:
5169:
5168:
5166:
5162:
5159:
5158:
5156:
5154:
5151:
5149:
5146:
5142:
5139:
5138:
5136:
5132:
5129:
5128:
5127:
5124:
5120:
5117:
5116:
5114:
5110:
5107:
5106:
5103:
5098:
5095:
5091:
5088:
5087:
5086:
5083:
5081:
5078:
5074:
5071:
5069:
5066:
5065:
5064:
5061:
5059:
5056:
5052:
5049:
5048:
5046:
5042:
5039:
5038:
5037:
5034:
5030:
5029:
5025:
5024:
5022:
5016:
5011:
5008:
5004:
4999:
4996:
4992:
4987:
4984:
4983:
4981:
4979:
4976:
4970:
4965:
4962:
4961:
4958:
4953:
4950:
4948:
4945:
4941:
4938:
4937:
4935:
4933:
4930:
4926:
4925:Habsburg myth
4923:
4922:
4920:
4916:
4913:
4912:
4911:
4908:
4907:
4905:
4901:
4891:
4888:
4884:
4881:
4880:
4879:
4876:
4874:
4871:
4869:
4866:
4864:
4861:
4857:
4854:
4852:
4849:
4847:
4844:
4843:
4842:
4839:
4838:
4836:
4834:
4833:United States
4830:
4822:
4821:
4817:
4816:
4815:
4812:
4808:
4805:
4804:
4803:
4800:
4794:
4789:
4786:
4784:
4780:
4777:
4776:
4775:
4772:
4771:
4769:
4767:
4766:Latin America
4763:
4757:
4754:
4750:
4747:
4745:
4742:
4740:
4737:
4736:
4735:
4732:
4731:
4729:
4725:
4719:
4718:
4714:
4710:
4707:
4706:
4704:
4700:
4697:
4696:
4694:
4692:
4689:
4683:
4678:
4675:
4673:
4670:
4669:
4667:
4666:
4664:
4662:
4658:
4654:
4647:
4643:
4623:
4620:
4619:
4618:
4615:
4613:
4609:
4606:
4604:
4600:
4597:
4595:
4592:
4590:
4587:
4586:
4584:
4582:
4576:
4570:
4569:
4565:
4563:
4562:
4557:
4556:
4552:
4550:
4547:
4545:
4542:
4538:
4535:
4534:
4533:
4532:
4528:
4526:
4523:
4521:
4518:
4516:
4513:
4511:
4508:
4506:
4502:
4499:
4497:
4494:
4492:
4489:
4487:
4483:
4480:
4478:
4475:
4474:
4472:
4468:
4462:
4459:
4453:
4448:
4445:
4444:
4441:
4436:
4433:
4431:
4428:
4426:
4423:
4421:
4418:
4416:
4413:
4411:
4408:
4407:
4405:
4401:
4397:
4390:
4386:
4370:
4367:
4366:
4365:
4362:
4360:
4359:Transnational
4357:
4355:
4352:
4350:
4347:
4345:
4342:
4338:
4335:
4334:
4333:
4330:
4326:
4323:
4321:
4318:
4317:
4316:
4313:
4309:
4306:
4305:
4304:
4301:
4299:
4296:
4292:
4287:
4284:
4282:
4279:
4277:
4274:
4272:
4269:
4267:
4264:
4262:
4259:
4257:
4254:
4250:
4249:Decoloniality
4247:
4246:
4245:
4242:
4240:
4237:
4235:
4231:
4230:Historiometry
4228:
4224:
4223:
4219:
4217:
4214:
4213:
4212:
4209:
4208:
4206:
4200:
4192:
4189:
4187:
4186:
4182:
4180:
4177:
4176:
4175:
4174:Periodization
4172:
4170:
4167:
4166:
4163:
4159:
4154:
4150:
4134:
4131:
4129:
4126:
4122:
4119:
4118:
4117:
4114:
4112:
4109:
4107:
4104:
4102:
4099:
4097:
4094:
4092:
4089:
4088:
4087:
4084:
4080:
4077:
4075:
4072:
4071:
4070:
4067:
4065:
4062:
4060:
4057:
4055:
4052:
4048:
4047:
4043:
4042:
4041:
4038:
4034:
4031:
4029:
4026:
4024:
4021:
4019:
4016:
4015:
4014:
4011:
4009:
4005:
4001:
3998:
3996:
3993:
3991:
3987:
3984:
3983:
3981:
3977:
3971:
3968:
3966:
3963:
3961:
3960:Sigillography
3958:
3956:
3955:Prosopography
3953:
3951:
3948:
3946:
3943:
3941:
3938:
3934:
3931:
3930:
3929:
3926:
3924:
3921:
3919:
3916:
3914:
3911:
3909:
3906:
3904:
3901:
3899:
3896:
3894:
3891:
3887:
3884:
3883:
3882:
3879:
3877:
3874:
3872:
3868:
3865:
3862:
3858:
3854:
3851:
3850:
3848:
3844:
3838:
3835:
3833:
3832:Local history
3830:
3826:
3825:Human history
3823:
3822:
3821:
3820:World history
3818:
3816:
3813:
3812:
3810:
3806:
3802:
3798:
3793:
3789:
3773:
3770:
3769:
3768:
3765:
3763:
3760:
3758:
3755:
3753:
3750:
3748:
3745:
3741:
3738:
3737:
3736:
3733:
3731:
3728:
3726:
3723:
3721:
3718:
3716:
3713:
3711:
3708:
3706:
3703:
3701:
3698:
3696:
3693:
3691:
3688:
3686:
3683:
3681:
3678:
3676:
3673:
3672:
3670:
3666:
3660:
3657:
3655:
3652:
3650:
3647:
3646:
3644:
3640:
3636:
3632:
3627:
3623:
3616:
3615:
3611:
3609:
3608:
3604:
3602:
3601:
3597:
3595:
3594:
3590:
3589:
3586:
3585:
3581:
3577:
3576:
3572:
3568:
3567:
3566:
3565:
3561:
3560:
3556:
3552:
3545:
3540:
3538:
3533:
3531:
3526:
3525:
3522:
3515:
3513:
3507:
3504:
3501:
3495:
3494:
3490:
3485:
3481:
3476:
3471:
3468:
3464:
3461:
3458:
3454:
3449:
3444:
3441:
3440:0-8090-9674-9
3437:
3433:
3428:
3423:
3420:
3416:
3411:
3406:
3403:
3400:, 1983–1984,
3399:
3394:
3389:
3387:
3383:
3379:
3374:
3369:
3366:
3362:
3359:
3355:
3351:
3348:
3344:
3340:
3337:
3333:
3329:
3326:
3321:
3315:
3310:
3305:
3300:
3297:
3294:. Stuttgart:
3292:
3287:
3284:
3280:
3277:
3276:HarperCollins
3273:
3269:
3265:
3260:
3256:
3254:
3250:
3246:
3245:
3241:
3231:
3228:
3224:
3218:
3215:
3211:
3205:
3203:
3201:
3199:
3195:
3191:
3185:
3183:
3181:
3177:
3174:
3170:
3164:
3161:
3157:
3151:
3148:
3144:
3138:
3135:
3131:
3125:
3123:
3119:
3114:
3107:
3104:
3100:
3094:
3091:
3087:
3083:
3079:
3073:
3070:
3066:
3060:
3057:
3053:
3047:
3045:
3041:
3037:
3034:Lukacs, John
3031:
3029:
3025:
3019:
3016:
3012:
3006:
3003:
2999:
2993:
2990:
2984:
2981:
2975:
2972:
2966:
2963:
2957:
2954:
2948:
2945:
2941:
2935:
2932:
2928:
2922:
2919:
2915:
2909:
2907:
2903:
2899:
2893:
2891:
2889:
2887:
2885:
2883:
2881:
2877:
2871:
2868:
2864:
2858:
2855:
2850:
2843:
2841:
2837:
2833:
2827:
2825:
2823:
2821:
2819:
2817:
2815:
2811:
2807:
2801:
2799:
2795:
2788:
2784:
2781:
2779:
2776:
2774:
2771:
2769:
2766:
2762:
2761:
2756:
2754:
2751:
2747:
2746:
2741:
2739:
2736:
2732:
2728:
2725:
2723:
2719:
2715:
2714:
2709:
2705:
2701:
2697:
2693:
2689:
2688:
2684:
2683:
2681:
2677:
2675:
2672:
2670:
2667:
2665:
2662:
2661:
2657:
2655:
2653:
2649:
2644:
2639:
2631:
2623:
2614:
2610:
2607:This section
2605:
2602:
2598:
2597:
2594:
2592:
2587:
2585:
2581:
2577:
2574:
2569:
2564:
2559:
2555:
2550:
2547:
2542:
2537:
2532:
2529:
2523:
2517:
2514:
2508:
2504:
2499:
2494:
2490:
2486:
2481:
2475:
2468:
2466:
2464:
2460:
2456:
2452:
2451:
2446:
2441:
2435:
2433:
2432:anti-Semitism
2428:
2424:
2420:
2412:
2410:
2408:
2404:
2399:
2393:
2388:
2383:
2382:
2376:
2372:
2368:
2364:
2359:
2353:
2350:
2345:
2343:
2339:
2335:
2334:
2329:
2325:
2323:
2319:
2315:
2310:
2306:
2302:
2297:
2290:
2287:
2279:
2273:
2268:
2263:
2260:
2254:
2248:
2243:
2242:anti-Semitism
2239:
2236:
2230:
2226:
2222:
2221:United States
2217:
2210:
2205:
2203:
2199:
2195:
2191:
2187:
2183:
2178:
2172:
2168:
2164:
2163:Fritz Fischer
2156:
2154:
2151:
2146:
2143:In response,
2140:
2137:
2131:
2123:
2120:
2114:
2107:
2104:
2097:
2094:
2088:
2082:
2078:
2074:
2069:
2063:
2058:
2054:
2050:
2049:Hans Rothfels
2046:
2041:
2038:
2036:
2032:
2027:
2022:
2017:
2014:
2013:
2006:
2004:
2000:
1993:
1991:
1987:
1986:Peter Viereck
1981:
1979:
1973:
1966:
1963:
1959:
1955:
1951:
1950:
1944:
1941:
1936:
1932:
1927:
1923:
1918:
1916:
1912:
1908:
1904:
1903:Léon Poliakov
1899:
1893:
1891:
1887:
1883:
1879:
1875:
1871:
1867:
1863:
1857:
1848:
1846:
1844:
1843:
1838:
1834:
1833:
1828:
1824:
1820:
1816:
1812:
1808:
1804:
1800:
1796:
1792:
1785:
1780:
1778:
1775:
1769:
1768:modernization
1765:
1761:
1756:
1753:
1748:
1747:authoritarian
1744:
1739:
1726:
1721:
1719:
1714:
1712:
1707:
1706:
1704:
1703:
1698:
1688:
1686:
1676:
1675:
1674:
1673:
1665:
1664:
1659:
1657:
1654:
1651:
1650:
1645:
1643:
1640:
1638:
1635:
1633:
1632:Pan-Germanism
1630:
1628:
1625:
1623:
1620:
1618:
1615:
1613:
1612:
1608:
1606:
1603:
1601:
1598:
1596:
1593:
1591:
1588:
1586:
1583:
1581:
1580:
1576:
1575:
1569:
1568:
1561:
1558:
1556:
1553:
1550:
1549:
1544:
1542:
1539:
1537:
1534:
1529:
1526:
1524:
1521:
1519:
1516:
1514:
1511:
1509:
1506:
1504:
1501:
1498:
1497:
1492:
1490:
1487:
1482:
1479:
1478:
1472:
1471:
1463:
1462:
1457:
1454:
1453:
1448:
1446:
1443:
1441:
1440:
1436:
1434:
1431:
1428:
1427:
1422:
1420:
1417:
1415:
1412:
1410:
1407:
1405:
1402:
1400:
1397:
1394:
1393:
1388:
1385:
1384:
1379:
1378:
1375:Organizations
1372:
1371:
1361:
1358:
1353:
1350:
1345:
1342:
1337:
1334:
1329:
1326:
1324:
1321:
1316:
1313:
1312:
1311:
1310:
1301:
1298:
1296:
1293:
1288:
1285:
1283:
1280:
1273:
1270:
1269:
1265:
1262:
1257:
1254:
1249:
1246:
1245:
1244:
1236:
1235:
1228:
1225:
1223:
1220:
1218:
1215:
1213:
1210:
1208:
1205:
1203:
1200:
1198:
1195:
1193:
1190:
1189:
1183:
1182:
1175:
1172:
1170:
1167:
1165:
1162:
1160:
1157:
1155:
1152:
1150:
1147:
1145:
1142:
1140:
1137:
1135:
1132:
1130:
1127:
1125:
1122:
1120:
1117:
1115:
1112:
1110:
1107:
1105:
1102:
1100:
1097:
1095:
1092:
1090:
1086:
1084:
1081:
1079:
1076:
1074:
1070:
1068:
1065:
1063:
1060:
1058:
1055:
1053:
1050:
1048:
1045:
1044:
1038:
1037:
1030:
1027:
1025:
1022:
1020:
1017:
1015:
1012:
1010:
1007:
1005:
1002:
1000:
997:
995:
992:
991:
985:
984:
974:
973:
969:
964:
963:
959:
954:
953:
949:
944:
943:
939:
934:
933:
929:
924:
923:
919:
914:
913:
909:
904:
903:
899:
894:
893:
889:
884:
883:
879:
874:
873:
869:
864:
863:
859:
854:
853:
849:
844:
843:
839:
834:
833:
829:
824:
823:
819:
814:
813:
809:
804:
803:
799:
798:
792:
791:
784:
781:
779:
776:
774:
771:
769:
766:
764:
761:
759:
758:Strauss (Leo)
756:
754:
751:
749:
746:
744:
741:
739:
736:
734:
731:
729:
726:
724:
721:
719:
716:
714:
711:
709:
706:
704:
701:
699:
696:
694:
691:
689:
686:
684:
681:
679:
676:
674:
671:
669:
666:
664:
661:
659:
656:
654:
651:
649:
646:
644:
641:
639:
636:
634:
631:
629:
626:
624:
621:
619:
616:
614:
611:
609:
606:
604:
601:
599:
596:
594:
591:
589:
586:
584:
581:
579:
576:
574:
571:
569:
566:
564:
561:
559:
556:
554:
551:
550:
547:Intellectuals
544:
543:
536:
533:
531:
528:
526:
523:
521:
518:
515:
514:
509:
507:
504:
500:
499:German Empire
497:
496:
495:
494:
489:
487:
484:
481:
480:
475:
473:
471:
467:
465:
462:
460:
457:
455:
452:
451:
445:
444:
436:
435:
430:
427:
426:
421:
419:
416:
413:
412:
407:
405:
402:
400:
397:
394:
393:
388:
386:
383:
381:
378:
376:
372:
370:
367:
365:
362:
360:
357:
354:
353:
348:
345:
344:
343:In Treue fest
339:
337:
334:
331:
330:
325:
323:
322:Germanisation
320:
318:
317:
313:
311:
310:
306:
302:
299:
297:
294:
293:
292:
289:
287:
284:
282:
279:
277:
274:
273:
267:
266:
257:
254:
252:
249:
248:
247:
244:
240:
237:
236:
235:
234:Revolutionary
232:
228:
225:
223:
220:
219:
218:
215:
211:
208:
207:
206:
205:Paternalistic
203:
201:
198:
194:
193:
189:
188:
187:
184:
182:
179:
175:
174:Ritter School
172:
170:
167:
166:
165:
162:
160:
157:
155:
152:
151:
145:
144:
140:
136:
135:
132:
126:
122:
118:
117:
111:
108:
103:
100:
95:
90:
85:
80:
76:
71:
69:
65:
61:
57:
53:
49:
44:
36:
34:
19:
8267:Theocentrism
8231:Xenocentrism
8211:Logocentrism
8181:Gynocentrism
8144:Allocentrism
8046:Fifth Empire
7995:Sinocentrism
7986:
7671:
7473:The Simpsons
7471:
7418:Other topics
7366:
7343:Christianity
7333:Resurrection
6964:Adolf Hitler
6793:Six-Day War
6789:Algerian War
6760: /
6719:Vichy France
6711:
6704:
6614: /
6502:World War II
6398: /
6065:
6058:
5860:Ghaza thesis
5783:
5759:
5745:White legend
5743: /
5741:Black legend
5696:Soviet Union
5586:
5579:
5567:
5530:Great Famine
5507:Indocentrism
5481:
5462:
5456:
5455:
5448:
5436:
5382:Grand Siècle
5380:
5361:
5329:Sinocentrism
5190:Ancient Rome
5170:
5028:Aryan Kartli
5026:
4818:
4781: /
4715:
4612:19th century
4610: /
4601: /
4566:
4559:
4558: /
4553:
4529:
4503: /
4477:Black legend
4435:Historiology
4232: /
4220:
4183:
4121:Quantitative
4044:
4040:Intellectual
4006: /
4002: /
3988: /
3986:Anthropology
3940:Phaleristics
3933:preservation
3928:Oral history
3869: /
3855: /
3837:Microhistory
3612:
3605:
3598:
3591:
3582:
3573: /
3569:
3562:
3483:
3479:
3466:
3456:
3455:, May 2008,
3452:
3431:
3418:
3414:
3401:
3397:
3381:
3377:
3364:
3357:
3353:
3349:(4):559–576.
3346:
3342:
3335:
3331:
3324:
3282:
3274:. New York:
3271:
3258:
3253:Project MUSE
3248:
3230:
3217:
3209:
3189:
3168:
3163:
3155:
3150:
3142:
3137:
3129:
3106:
3098:
3093:
3085:
3081:
3077:
3072:
3064:
3059:
3051:
3035:
3018:
3010:
3005:
2997:
2992:
2983:
2974:
2965:
2956:
2947:
2939:
2934:
2926:
2921:
2913:
2897:
2870:
2862:
2857:
2831:
2805:
2773:Black Legend
2721:
2717:
2711:
2703:
2685:
2679:
2664:Mitteleuropa
2635:
2620:January 2023
2617:
2613:adding to it
2608:
2588:
2583:
2578:
2554:Jürgen Kocka
2551:
2533:
2518:
2492:
2476:
2472:
2455:Yehuda Bauer
2448:
2436:
2419:Ordinary Men
2418:
2416:
2387:Jürgen Kocka
2354:
2347:The liberal
2346:
2331:
2326:
2322:George Mosse
2303:, the young
2292:
2281:
2278:s theories:
2267:Jürgen Kocka
2264:
2229:George Mosse
2212:
2207:
2198:Hans Mommsen
2160:
2142:
2125:
2109:
2100:The German "
2099:
2042:
2039:
2018:
2010:
2008:
1998:
1995:
1989:
1983:
1977:
1968:
1947:
1945:
1919:
1894:
1862:intellectual
1852:
1840:
1830:
1827:Rohan Butler
1818:
1811:Adolf Hitler
1806:
1799:World War II
1791:Nazi Germany
1789:
1781:20th century
1757:
1734:
1663:Überfremdung
1609:
1577:
1528:Kreuzzeitung
1437:
1352:German Party
1308:
1307:
1282:Centre Party
1242:
1114:von Radowitz
1057:von Bismarck
988:Commentators
970:
960:
950:
940:
930:
920:
910:
900:
890:
880:
870:
866:(1918, 1922)
860:
850:
840:
832:Degeneration
830:
820:
810:
800:
553:Benedict XVI
492:
469:
454:20 July plot
418:Subsidiarity
410:
392:Sittlichkeit
314:
309:Gemeinschaft
308:
222:Cameralistic
191:
112:19th century
105:
79:Nazi Germany
75:World War II
72:
30:
29:
8257:Supremacist
8164:Ecocentrism
8159:Biocentrism
8126:Sui generis
8024:Pinoy pride
7861:Hagiography
7622: [
7582:Early Islam
7436: [
7328:Historicity
7306:Historicity
7296:Jane Austen
7276:The Beatles
7246:Netherlands
7207: [
7204:Zhuge Liang
7195: [
7183: [
7180:Yuan Shikai
7151: [
7148:Sun Yat Tse
7127: [
7090: [
7053: [
7041: [
7038:Jiang Zemin
7009: [
6997: [
6989:Che Guevara
6722: [
6657:Pacific War
6441:Article 231
6431:Reparations
6408: [
6372: [
6349:Color books
6338:World War I
6322: [
6299:War of 1812
6204: [
6187: [
6172:(1792–1815)
6143:Sea Peoples
6128:Gallic Wars
5830: [
5818: [
5805:Revisionist
5794: [
5785:Reconquista
5775: [
5767:Inquisition
5761:Convivencia
5685: [
5673: [
5645: [
5542:Revisionism
5467: [
5415: [
5403: [
5391: [
5372: [
5314:Golden ages
5283: [
5280:Wunu School
5275:Archaeology
5148:Switzerland
5131:Kosovo Myth
5119:Great Union
5100: [
5085:Philippines
5068:Nationalist
5041:Ages of Man
5013: [
5001: [
4989: [
4967: [
4955: [
4791: [
4788:Revisionist
4680: [
4617:Renaissance
4482:Coloniality
4450: [
4438: [
4430:Historicity
4354:Revisionist
4344:Pop history
4315:Nationalist
4289: [
4234:Cliometrics
4202:Approaches,
4158:Methodology
4054:Linguistics
4004:Environment
3970:Vexillology
3893:Diplomatics
3876:Chorography
3815:Big History
3767:War diaries
3740:Illuminated
3735:Manuscripts
3720:Hieroglyphs
3600:historicity
3459:(2):225–240
3393:Kaiserreich
2731:Ernst Bloch
2690:(a work by
2648:Romanticism
2403:Switzerland
2318:Fritz Stern
2225:Fritz Stern
2202:World War I
2057:Pieter Geyl
1999:Realpolitik
1935:Prussianism
1920:During the
1835:(1941) and
1642:Remigration
1222:Wackenroder
1207:von Savigny
1192:Böckenförde
1164:von Westarp
1067:von Gerlach
1041:Politicians
713:von Salomon
520:The Junkers
359:Medievalism
336:Imperialism
301:Meritocracy
296:Aristocracy
246:Romanticism
217:Prussianism
200:Neue Rechte
186:Nationalist
60:aristocracy
8287:Categories
8252:Chauvinism
8009:Third Rome
7916:Multimedia
7735:Technology
7699:Urreligion
7602:Kharijites
7553:Background
7221:Historical
7192:Zhou Enlai
7087:Mao Zedong
7082:Louis Riel
6855:Background
6706:Guilty Men
6648:Uniqueness
6571:Background
6566:Winter War
6490:Background
6423:Versailles
6277:Great Game
5924:Ricardians
5919:Tudor myth
5637:Partitions
5230:Succession
4520:Narratives
4505:Presentism
4461:Philosophy
4281:Humanistic
4169:Case study
4101:Indigenous
4079:Diplomatic
4023:Capitalism
3923:Onomastics
3881:Chronology
3710:Facsimiles
3695:Chronicles
3593:historians
3564:Historians
3242:References
3225:2005, p.18
2485:Geoff Eley
2190:militarism
2035:William II
1909:, and Sir
1817:published
1541:Der Türmer
1197:von Gierke
1169:Wilhelm II
1144:von Storch
1129:Stresemann
1119:Rauschning
1062:Fehrenbach
994:Kubitschek
795:Literature
743:Sloterdijk
434:Volksgeist
375:Patriotism
369:Organicism
364:Monarchism
316:Geopolitik
270:Principles
181:Monarchism
148:Ideologies
87:theory of
8072:Feeneyism
8055:Religious
7991:(Germany)
7987:Sonderweg
7704:Perennial
7493:Economics
7445:Feudalism
7231:Australia
6979:Aurangzeb
6955:Political
6945:By person
6626:Pius Wars
6421:Treaty of
6080:conflicts
5887:Poor Laws
5750:Hispanism
5627:Sarmatism
5457:Sonderweg
5215:Expansion
4940:Litvinism
4774:Argentina
4608:Long 18th
4491:Dark Ages
4271:Historism
4069:Political
4008:Geography
3945:Philology
3908:Genealogy
3903:Epigraphy
3846:By source
3685:Artifacts
3512:Sonderweg
3500:Sonderweg
3486::478–487.
3448:Sonderweg
3404::655–684.
3384:(1):3–16
3373:Sonderweg
3360::647–686.
3327::1166–87.
3309:Sonderweg
3223:Göttingen
3156:Holocaust
2710:'s works
2704:Sonderweg
2692:Karl Marx
2680:Sonderweg
2643:Sonderweg
2573:Sonderweg
2563:Sonderweg
2522:Sonderweg
2513:Sonderweg
2480:Sonderweg
2440:Sonderweg
2398:Sonderweg
2392:Sonderweg
2367:geography
2358:Sonderweg
2349:Max Weber
2286:Sonderweg
2272:Sonderweg
2265:In 1990,
2253:Sonderweg
2216:Sonderweg
2186:emigrated
2177:Sonderweg
2150:Sonderweg
2136:Sonderweg
2119:Sonderweg
2113:Sonderweg
2103:Sonderweg
2087:Sonderweg
1898:Sonderweg
1882:democracy
1866:political
1856:Sonderweg
1738:Sonderweg
1735:The term
1531:(Defunct)
1484:(Defunct)
1134:vom Stein
1104:von Papen
1078:Hugenberg
1073:Goerdeler
1004:Safranski
763:Steinbuch
688:von Ranke
638:Koselleck
603:Heidegger
573:von Galen
479:Freikorps
470:Erklärung
411:Sonderweg
276:Authority
227:Socialist
99:Sonderweg
84:Sonderweg
64:democracy
33:Sonderweg
8247:Jingoism
8077:Hindutva
7981:(France)
7966:National
7906:Category
7821:template
7535:Religion
7386:Socrates
7301:Muhammed
7223:rankings
7104:Napoleon
6922:Category
6740:Cold War
6643:Slovakia
6230:Waterloo
6099:Crusades
6044:Military
5892:Scotland
5850:Kemalist
5172:Nam tiến
5167:Vietnam
5157:Ukraine
5115:Romania
5097:Portugal
5023:Georgia
4998:Medieval
4947:Bulgaria
4936:Belarus
4921:Austria
4727:Americas
4695:Morocco
4691:Ethiopia
4470:Specific
4393:Concepts
4298:Leninist
4256:Feminist
4244:Critical
4091:Feminism
4064:Military
4018:Business
4013:Economic
3995:Cultural
3979:By topic
3965:Toponymy
3913:Heraldry
3861:template
3808:By scale
3730:Logbooks
3715:Features
3680:Archives
3465:. 1985.
3386:in JSTOR
2658:See also
2259:völkisch
2238:movement
2235:völkisch
2031:Bismarck
1874:economic
1845:(1946).
1555:Die Welt
1139:Stoecker
1052:Ancillon
1047:Adenauer
1029:Weißmann
1009:Sarrazin
778:Voegelin
753:Spengler
748:Spaemann
738:Sieferle
728:Schlegel
723:Schelsky
683:Plessner
583:Gogarten
192:Völkisch
154:Agrarian
121:a series
8240:Related
8089:(Korea)
8037:(Korea)
8005:(China)
7841:Related
7731:Science
7376:Madonna
7348:Judaism
7311:Judaism
7143:Saladin
7033:Hypatia
6957:leaders
6881:Related
6834:Origins
6797:Origins
6748:Origins
6304:Origins
6250:Origins
6116:Origins
5978:Oceania
5941:British
5879:Kingdom
5522:Ireland
5429:Germany
5137:Sweden
5010:New Age
4986:Ancient
4982:Europe
4978:Croatia
4910:Albania
4903:Eurasia
4705:Rwanda
4403:General
4303:Marxist
4204:schools
4033:Thought
4000:Ecology
3762:Scrolls
3700:Codices
3668:Sources
3607:history
3584:History
3421::19–26.
3338::53–72.
3267:, 1980.
2678:German
2507:Britain
2333:Junkers
1762:of the
1508:COMPACT
1481:Antaios
1309:Defunct
1239:Parties
1227:Wagener
1212:Schmitt
1186:Jurists
1154:Wagener
1149:Strauss
1024:Stürmer
768:Tönnies
733:Schmitt
718:Scheler
673:Novalis
568:Gadamer
491:German
448:History
291:Elitism
164:Liberal
56:Germany
39:German:
8013:Russia
7467:Salons
7269:Others
7236:Canada
6870:Causes
6807:Causes
6782:Causes
6576:Spirit
6510:Causes
6480:Causes
6345:Causes
6314:Causes
6287:Causes
6265:Causes
6196:Causes
5943:Empire
5877:United
5843:Turkey
5658:Russia
5632:Deluge
5615:Poland
5355:France
5153:Taiwan
5126:Serbia
4932:Balhae
4783:Causes
4734:Canada
4668:Egypt
4661:Africa
4185:Tarikh
4106:Labour
4096:Gender
4086:Social
3886:dating
3752:Papyri
3675:Annals
3480:Merkur
3438:
2852:(1995)
2720:, and
2503:France
2407:Poland
2194:hubris
2051:, and
1890:Nazism
1870:social
1503:Cicero
1439:PEGIDA
1347:(DNVP)
1243:Active
1174:Winnig
1159:Weidel
1087:
1071:
976:(2017)
966:(2010)
956:(1969)
946:(1966)
936:(1963)
926:(1951)
916:(1939)
906:(1932)
896:(1931)
886:(1929)
876:(1919)
856:(1918)
846:(1913)
836:(1892)
826:(1837)
816:(1820)
806:(1806)
708:Rüstow
678:Pieper
663:Müller
643:Löwith
633:Klages
608:Herder
593:Hamann
588:Görres
578:Gehlen
563:Freyer
558:Blüher
373:
352:Kultur
329:Heimat
68:Europe
8137:Other
8102:Terms
7975:(USA)
7714:Roman
7626:]
7440:]
7353:Islam
7323:Jesus
7211:]
7199:]
7187:]
7155:]
7131:]
7094:]
7057:]
7045:]
7013:]
7001:]
6726:]
6616:Nakba
6412:]
6376:]
6326:]
6208:]
6191:]
5834:]
5822:]
5798:]
5779:]
5734:Spain
5689:]
5677:]
5649:]
5556:Italy
5494:India
5471:]
5419:]
5407:]
5395:]
5376:]
5287:]
5262:China
5104:]
5063:Korea
5058:Japan
5047:Iran
5036:Greek
5017:]
5005:]
4993:]
4971:]
4964:Early
4959:]
4820:Casta
4795:]
4717:Maafa
4684:]
4454:]
4442:]
4293:]
4133:Women
4128:Urban
4116:Rural
4111:LGBTQ
3867:Books
3705:Deeds
3642:Types
3497:Four
2789:Notes
2276:'
1978:Reich
1972:Reich
1475:Media
1363:(DVP)
1339:(DkP)
1331:(FKP)
1318:(BVP)
1303:(REP)
1290:(ÖDP)
1275:(CSU)
1267:(CDU)
1251:(AFD)
1217:Stahl
1202:Möser
1109:Petry
1014:Stein
783:Weber
703:Röpke
668:Nolte
648:Lübbe
618:Hoppe
598:Hegel
493:Reich
239:Young
7805:list
6400:1917
5412:Lyon
4883:Eras
4802:Peru
4537:list
4484:and
4364:Whig
3571:list
3436:ISBN
3376:.'"
2694:and
2556:and
2505:and
2487:and
2405:and
2227:and
2165:and
2079:and
1876:and
1496:Cato
1489:Bild
1355:(DP)
1259:(BD)
1099:Merz
1094:Krah
1089:Kohl
1083:Jung
999:Kuby
942:Envy
653:Mann
472:2018
425:Volk
286:Duty
169:Ordo
4531:Pax
3413:."
2615:.
1860:in
1839:'s
1829:'s
1793:'s
1777:).
62:to
8289::
7624:it
7438:pt
7209:zh
7197:zh
7185:zh
7153:zh
7129:es
7092:zh
7055:ru
7043:zh
7011:zh
6999:zh
6724:fr
6410:ru
6374:fr
6351:/
6324:es
6206:ru
6189:fr
5832:es
5820:es
5796:es
5777:es
5687:ru
5675:ru
5647:pl
5469:de
5417:fr
5405:fr
5393:fr
5374:fr
5285:zh
5102:pt
5015:ru
5003:ru
4991:ru
4969:ru
4957:de
4793:es
4682:es
4452:de
4440:es
4291:pt
3482:,
3478:"
3457:31
3417:,
3402:17
3382:23
3380:,
3358:55
3356:,
3347:35
3345:,
3336:88
3325:38
3323:,
3317:"
3304:Le
3197:^
3179:^
3121:^
3043:^
3027:^
2905:^
2879:^
2839:^
2813:^
2797:^
2716:,
2421:,
2320:,
2316:,
2075:,
2047:,
1992::
1905:,
1872:,
1868:,
1864:,
123:on
102::
70:.
8015:)
8001:/
7997:/
7951:e
7944:t
7937:v
7807:)
7803:(
7733:/
6365:)
6361:(
6355:)
6347:(
6036:e
6029:t
6022:v
5538:"
5534:"
3863:)
3859:(
3543:e
3536:t
3529:v
3484:5
3442:.
3419:4
3298:.
3278:.
2622:)
2618:(
2289:.
1724:e
1717:t
1710:v
37:(
20:)
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