32:
744:" or passes. If eldest hand did not pass, the next player may pass or bid higher. Eldest hand must then respond with "pass", hold with "yes", or name an even higher game. The second player must now pass or bid even higher. Once one of the two players passes, the third player may will either pass or make an even higher bid. Finally, the fourth player bids, and after another player has passed the remaining player declares at least the mode of play which he or she bid.
2180:
1654:
915:), e.g. clubs or the suit of the first contract that was satisfied. A contract in the preferred suit ranks higher than the same contract in a different suit but lower than the next higher contract in a different suit. A declarer who at some point during the auction bid the preferred suit, must in every case play in the preferred suit. Games in the preferred suit score double.
667:
ace he or she does not have. For example, the declarer may say "hearts with the ace of leaves" and whoever holds that ace becomes the declarer's partner. The partner must not reveal this; instead their identity will become clear during play. If all four aces are held, the declarer may call a king in
943:) may be reneged under when a lower trump is led. More precisely, if a player holds no other trumps than matadors and the card led to the current trick is a trump which is not a matador or lower than the matadors held by the player, then the player may discard a non-trump instead of following suit.
901:
also accrues whenever it is declared. The bonus for prime only applies if declarer's party stops after the 5th trick. The base value plus any scores is added or subtracted to the scores of declarer and declarer's partner (if any), provided they achieve their objective, which is winning 5 or all
1436:
267:
Its earliest rules appear in Hammer (1812), while, in 1820, Von
Abenstein says it may be regarded as a German card game because it is frequently played by Germans (especially the middle classes) and with German-suited cards. It goes back a long way, being mentioned, for example, in the
858:
Scoring rules were relatively complicated and not uniform. The following simpler rules are from an anthology that appeared in the late 20th century, when the game had already largely fallen out of use. In this version, only declarer's party scores (positively or negatively).
706:, but is worth more. The declarer names a plain suit ace and whoever holds that ace will be declarer's partner. This time the partner must reveal this and choose the trump suit, which may not be the suit of the called ace. During the bidding, a
578:
count as members of their natural suits. Below the matadors, cards rank normally, except for omitting any Obers or queens that are permanent trumps. Thus, depending on which suit is chosen, the trump suit will contain either 9 or 10 cards.
370:. As Grünberg notes in 1938 "before the war we mostly played solo. Now everyone plays skat. Only in the pub, when there is a lot of conversation is a social game of cards played, and that game is called
237:, where a footnote describes it as "a card game of the lower classes." In 1796, we learn that students, probably of Leipzig University, liked to repair to disreputable bars to play solo or
921:
is a contract that ranks between big beg and solo. Declarer demands the ace of a specific suit and receives it from the opponent who holds it. Declarer returns any other card face down.
800:
if possible; if not, they can play anything. Whoever plays the highest trump or, if no trumps are played, the highest card of the suit led, wins the trick and leads to the next trick.
1365:
Gesetzbuch für
Spielgesellschaften oder die vier interessantesten Kartenspiele: Whist, Solo, Boston und L'Hombre, in allen ihren Umrissen formell und intellectuell dargestellt etc.
319:
and the like it was usually played with German-suited cards and that factor alone – having 32 cards instead of 40 – made it simpler than hombre. In 1836 it was being played in
256:), a game popular with "the lower classes" in northern Germany. However, the normal four-hand version of solo was commonly called German ombre, as was a variant also called
1509:
834:, if the suit of the called ace or king is led, the called card must be played. If that hasn't happened by the fifth trick, the declarer may ask "partner?" (
724:
the declarer chooses the trump suit and plays alone with the aim of taking at least five tricks. An acorn solo takes precedence over a solo in other suits.
193:
The game is often called German solo in
English and German sources to distinguish it from other national games such as American solo, Spanish solo and
221:
Different nations have card games called "solo" which, although not identical, have a "common base". The German game solo, descends from the French
890:
if it was announced along with the declaration. There is also a bonus to the winners of 2 points if the 3 matadors were dealt to the same party.
968:("I'm asking") - an inquiry as to whether players wish to bid i.e. "I'm asking if anyone wants to play". There is no common English equivalent.
2204:
1406:
1349:
169:. As in quadrille, players bid for the privilege of declaring trumps and deciding whether to play alone or with a partner. Along with ombre,
2213:
2195:
229:." The game is mentioned in the literature as early as 1776, being played for a 4 pfennig stake. In 1794, it is mentioned in the poem,
1066:
377:
The game is still recorded in modern Anglo-American and German games compendia and Gisela Muhr (2014) says it is mainly found in the
303:
or four-player hombre. At that time it was popular with the middle classes, especially across the whole of north
Germany down to the
1389:
1301:
2262:
2186:
1426:
761:
663:, the declarer aims to take five of the eight tricks with the help of a partner. The declarer chooses the trump suit and names a
406:
170:
2257:
2252:
2242:
897:
accrues if declarer's party continues playing after winning the first 5 tricks, whether they make it or not, and the bonus for
417:
1495:
1738:
1318:
1502:
1274:
1422:
1105:
1854:
1678:
733:
2237:
1355:
276:
in 1826 as being played at home around the table by the "master craftsmen, journeymen and apprentices", along with
1283:
1182:
960:
Pronounced "frah-ger". Parlett (2008) translates this as "beg", presumably borrowing the term from the game of
803:
The declaring party, i.e. the soloist or, in an alliance, the declarer declarer's partner, must win 5 of the 8
185:
calls it a "neat little descendant of
Quadrille" and "a pleasant introduction" to the ombre family of games.
1638:
1603:
1778:
1748:
31:
2024:
1979:
1477:
1050:
793:
622:
248:
In the late 18th century, the three-player version of German solo was often referred to as German ombre (
1808:
1623:
1598:
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115:
1533:
2247:
2004:
1864:
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1326:
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234:
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with acorns as the trump suit has precedence during the auction, but is played in the same way as a
1974:
1954:
1874:
1833:
1773:
500:
485:
481:
324:
1688:
1788:
1568:
977:
Some rules state that, if the declarer names an ace already held, the game is automatically lost.
760:
416:
405:
348:
312:
924:
There are numerous relatively complicated scoring variants that involve a pot and side-payments.
1879:
1818:
1123:. 2nd, fully improved, revised and expanded edition. Part 2. Alton: Verlagsgesellschaft. p. 74.
2164:
2045:
1984:
1743:
1588:
1553:
1402:
1385:
1345:
316:
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A 32-card German-suited pack is used with cards ranking as above and the matadors are called
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1054:
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178:
174:
147:
2158:
1813:
1618:
1578:
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496:
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131:
629:
process described below. Declarer decides which suit will be trumps, and plays either in
1959:
1914:
1899:
1894:
1643:
1628:
1543:
1481:
1394:
1377:
583:
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198:
1446:
Neuester
Spielalmanach für Karten-, Schach-, Brett-, Billard-, Kegel- und Ball-Spieler
2231:
1713:
1608:
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808:
804:
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512:
508:
504:
242:
182:
155:
151:
1989:
1909:
1763:
1653:
1573:
883:
820:
815:. Or they can continue playing: they cannot score prime but may be able to score a
556:
281:
1939:
1372:
Spritz'! Z'rück! Un' druff! – Klassische
Kartenspiele aus dem teutschen Wirtshaus.
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95:
91:
65:
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807:. If declarer's party wins the first 5 tricks they can stop the game to get a
664:
362:
In north
Germany it was the most popular game in the period leading up to the
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194:
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2134:
2122:
2050:
1969:
1944:
1934:
1884:
1803:
1519:
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1314:
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tricks. If they do not meet their goal, it is subtracted from their scores.
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225:
and has been described as "a pleasant introduction to games of the stock of
222:
158:
2142:
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2112:
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2014:
2009:
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Veit
Rosenstock, auch genannt Rosenbaum, Rosenstrauch, Rosenthal, Rosier.
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328:
123:
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2091:
2019:
1994:
1828:
1733:
1708:
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45:
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964:, but in reality it means "inquiry" or "question" and is derived from
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1889:
1758:
1753:
1728:
1723:
1698:
1673:
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1558:
299:" and "with great cause" because it is really an emulation of French
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789:
516:
352:
344:
308:
296:
226:
166:
119:
862:
The base value of a declaration is 1 point for a Force, 2 for a
710:
in acorns has precedence over the same contract in other suits.
484:. More recent sources vary, some using German- and others using
1491:
613:. First dealer is chosen by lot and play is clockwise. Dealer
489:
381:
region of central
Germany, where it is dialectically known as
197:. However, it was often known locally just as solo or, in the
1330:, Vol. 48, No. 1. Heimat und Erbe, Flensburg, pp. 27/28.
1306:
2nd improved and expanded edn. Vienna: Carl Haas. 205 pp.
1121:
Wanderrungen und Kreuzzüge durch einen Theil Deutschlands
649:
The following three bids can be made in ascending order.
754:
If all four players pass, then the player who holds the
878:. There is a bonus of 2 points for prime, 4 points for
590:, only 24 cards are used, the 8s and 9s being omitted.
1069:(2000). "Playing the Game: The Survival of Hombre" in
397:
209:
and some American publications actually call the game
698:
has already been bid in which case they may pass. A
682:
must be announced by a player who is dealt both the
2105:
2074:
2038:
1847:
1661:
1526:
480:Historically the game was played with a pack of 32
109:
101:
87:
79:
71:
61:
51:
41:
621:and deals 8 cards each in batches of 3–2–3. The
385:, but appears to be threatened with extinction.
1107:The Rural Enlightenment of Johann Heinrich Voss
1131:
1129:
1503:
1340:Hoffmann, Detlef and Margot Dietrich (1982).
1073:, Vol. XXIX, No. 1, July–August 2000. p. 19.
8:
1311:Erweitertes Spielregelbüchlein aus Altenburg
1235:
1233:
1231:
1229:
1032:
1030:
986:Parlett (2008) translates this as "big beg".
842:). In this case, a slam is not permitted. A
823:, lit. "all tricks") by winning all tricks.
547:in ombre). If French-suited cards are used,
177:, German solo influenced the development of
36:The top trumps when bells are the trump suit
19:
1342:Das Skatspiel: Geschichte – Bilder – Regeln
1240:Erweitetes Spielregelbüchlein aus Altenburg
1110:at tandfonline.com. Retrieved 14 June 2022.
1008:
1006:
1004:
1002:
600:Erweitetes Spielregelbüchlein aus Altenburg
1510:
1496:
1488:
1354:Hoffmann, Karl Friedrich Vollrath (1836).
205:. Historically it was also referred to as
150:for 4 individual players using a 32-card,
30:
1250:
1248:
495:The top three cards, sometimes known as
295:In 1839, it is described as the "German
161:. It is essentially a simplification of
1419:, Vol. 16. Altenburg. pp. 263–264.
1119:Rabiosus the Younger, Anselmus (1796).
1046:
1044:
1042:
998:
953:
796:leads to the first trick. Players must
323:by the lower classes, exclusively with
1324:Grünberg, Peter (1938). "Knüffeln" in
1266:Sintenis, Christian Friedrich (1776).
1104:. The poem itself is dated 1794 - see
531:. In German, they are also called the
18:
1435:Schwetschke, Dr. Karl Gustav (1863).
598:The following rules are based on the
515:, often known by names borrowed from
7:
1337:. Weygand, Leipzig, pp. 25–192.
1458:, Vols. 1-2. Frankfurt and Leipzig.
838:) and the partner responds "here" (
1432:Hamburg: Heinrich Ludwig Villaume.
366:; afterwards it was superseded by
165:, itself a 4-player adaptation of
14:
1360:, Vol. 4. Stuttgart: J. Scherble.
2179:
2178:
1652:
759:
415:
404:
25:German form of English quadrille
1276:Theater-Journal für Deutschland
1024:Hoffmann & Dietrich (1982).
499:, in descending order, are the
359:and, less often, solo as well.
270:Theater-Journal für Deutschland
1399:The Penguin Book of Card Games
1357:Deutschland und seine Bewohner
1270:Part 1. Frankfurt and Leipzig.
1172:Theater-Journal (1779), p. 30.
1100:Voss, Johann Heinrich (1796).
1057:. Retrieved 15 September 2021.
1:
1319:Altenburger Spielkartenfabrik
1162:von Abenstein (1820), p. 219.
765:
690:unless they intend to call a
492:rank high and tens rank low.
272:in 1779 and described in the
264:was also known by this name.
2205:Patience and solitaire games
1444:Von Abenstein, G.W. (1820).
535:("old one" or "old woman"),
2214:Tarot and Tarock card games
2196:Non trick-taking card games
1855:Belle, Flux et Trente-et-Un
1739:Gé, Point, Flux et Sequence
1679:Belle, Flux et Trente-et-Un
1254:Pierer (1863), pp. 263–264.
1214:Grünberg (1938), pp. 27/28.
911:There is a preferred suit (
734:bidding with immediate hold
2279:
1417:Pierer's Universal-Lexikon
1335:Die deutschen Kartenspiele
1153:Hammer (1811), pp. 25–192.
1135:Schwetschke (1863), p. 57.
617:, offers to the right for
2174:
1650:
1469:US version of German Solo
1423:Schütze, Johann Friedrich
772:). This is played like a
450:
129:
114:
29:
24:
1480:. Variant played in the
1441:. Halle: G. Schwetschke.
1428:Holsteinisches Idiotikon
1091:Sintenis (1776), p. 205.
768:Q) has to play a Force (
668:one of the plain suits.
2263:18th-century card games
2187:Trick-taking card games
1559:Hannikin canst abide it
1438:Geschichte des L'Hombre
1382:A History of Card Games
1285:Der Bayerische Landbote
1223:Muhr (2014), pp. 35–37.
1205:Hoffmann (1836), p. 12.
1184:Der Bayerische Landbote
1144:Schütze (1800), p. 275.
1082:Parlett (1991), p. 196.
1036:Parlett (1991), p. 204.
776:but scores less than a
2258:French deck card games
2253:German deck card games
2243:Four-player card games
1374:Rheinbach: Regionalia.
1196:_ (1839), pp. 119–120.
1452:Voss, Johann Heinrich
1411:Pierer, H.A. (1863).
1370:Muhr, Gisela (2014).
1363:Mannhalt, T. (1830).
1333:Hammer, Paul (1811).
1242:(1988), pp. 186–191.
1015:(1834), pp. 116–128.
788:Trick play is as in
235:Johann Heinrich Voss
1401:, Penguin, London.
1344:. Lucerne: Bucher.
1303:Neuestes Spielbuch.
886:, and 6 points for
625:is determined by a
486:French-suited cards
482:German-suited cards
325:French-suited cards
254:Deutsch(e) l'Hombre
146:is a German 8-card
21:
1569:Laugh and lie down
1294:Neuestes Spielbuch
1013:Neuestes Spielbuch
2238:German card games
2225:
2224:
1478:Münsterland Sollo
1407:978-0-141-03787-5
1367:Berlin: Schüppel.
1350:978-3-7658-0392-5
1051:Münsterland Sollo
736:or raise. First,
732:The procedure is
728:Bidding procedure
607:spadille, manille
586:variant known as
478:
477:
137:
136:
52:Alternative names
2270:
2218:
2212:
2209:
2203:
2200:
2194:
2191:
2185:
2182:
2181:
1774:Homme d'Auvergne
1656:
1634:Ruff and honours
1512:
1505:
1498:
1489:
1255:
1252:
1243:
1237:
1224:
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1142:
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1117:
1111:
1098:
1092:
1089:
1083:
1080:
1074:
1071:The Playing-Card
1064:
1058:
1055:Internet Archive
1048:
1037:
1034:
1025:
1022:
1016:
1010:
987:
984:
978:
975:
969:
958:
913:couleur favorite
850:in other suits.
767:
763:
563:is the queen of
419:
408:
398:
274:Bavarian Courier
241:for a couple of
148:plain-trick game
34:
22:
16:German card game
2278:
2277:
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1843:
1814:Quarante de Roi
1657:
1648:
1584:My sow's pigged
1522:
1516:
1465:
1448:. Berlin: Hann.
1384:, OUP, Oxford.
1297:, Vienna: Haas.
1263:
1258:
1253:
1246:
1238:
1227:
1222:
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1200:
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1187:(1826), p. 606.
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786:
752:
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702:is played as a
676:
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596:
391:
364:First World War
219:
191:
132:preference suit
37:
17:
12:
11:
5:
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1965:Fett und Mager
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1644:Wit and reason
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1629:Queen Nazarene
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1544:Costly colours
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1463:External links
1461:
1460:
1459:
1449:
1442:
1433:
1420:
1409:
1395:Parlett, David
1392:
1378:Parlett, David
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893:The bonus for
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56:Deutsches Solo
53:
49:
48:
43:
39:
38:
35:
27:
26:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2275:
2264:
2261:
2259:
2256:
2254:
2251:
2249:
2246:
2244:
2241:
2239:
2236:
2235:
2233:
2215:
2206:
2197:
2188:
2177:
2176:
2173:
2166:
2163:
2160:
2157:
2154:
2151:
2148:
2144:
2140:
2136:
2132:
2128:
2124:
2121:
2118:
2114:
2111:
2110:
2108:
2104:
2098:
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2085:
2083:
2080:
2079:
2077:
2073:
2067:
2064:
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2059:
2057:
2054:
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2049:
2047:
2044:
2043:
2041:
2037:
2031:
2028:
2026:
2023:
2021:
2018:
2016:
2013:
2011:
2008:
2006:
2003:
2001:
1998:
1996:
1993:
1991:
1988:
1986:
1983:
1981:
1978:
1976:
1973:
1971:
1968:
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1732:
1730:
1727:
1725:
1722:
1720:
1717:
1715:
1714:Brusquembille
1712:
1710:
1707:
1705:
1702:
1700:
1697:
1695:
1692:
1690:
1687:
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1632:
1630:
1627:
1625:
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1620:
1617:
1615:
1612:
1610:
1609:Post and pair
1607:
1605:
1602:
1600:
1597:
1595:
1592:
1590:
1587:
1585:
1582:
1580:
1577:
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1462:
1457:
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1429:
1424:
1421:
1418:
1414:
1410:
1408:
1404:
1400:
1396:
1393:
1391:
1390:0-19-282905-X
1387:
1383:
1379:
1376:
1373:
1369:
1366:
1362:
1359:
1358:
1353:
1351:
1347:
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1299:
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1278:
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1269:
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1236:
1234:
1232:
1230:
1226:
1220:
1217:
1211:
1208:
1202:
1199:
1193:
1190:
1186:
1185:
1179:
1176:
1173:
1168:
1165:
1159:
1156:
1150:
1147:
1141:
1138:
1132:
1130:
1126:
1122:
1116:
1113:
1109:
1108:
1103:
1097:
1094:
1088:
1085:
1079:
1076:
1072:
1068:
1063:
1060:
1056:
1052:
1047:
1045:
1043:
1039:
1033:
1031:
1027:
1021:
1018:
1014:
1009:
1007:
1005:
1003:
999:
993:
983:
980:
974:
971:
967:
963:
957:
954:
947:
942:
938:
934:
930:
926:
923:
920:
917:
914:
910:
909:
905:
903:
900:
896:
891:
889:
885:
881:
877:
873:
869:
865:
860:
853:
851:
849:
845:
841:
837:
833:
829:
824:
822:
818:
814:
810:
806:
801:
799:
795:
791:
783:
781:
779:
775:
771:
762:
757:
750:
747:
745:
743:
739:
735:
727:
725:
723:
716:
713:
711:
709:
705:
701:
697:
693:
689:
685:
681:
674:
671:
669:
666:
662:
655:
652:
650:
644:
642:
640:
636:
632:
628:
624:
620:
616:
612:
608:
603:
601:
593:
591:
589:
585:
580:
577:
573:
568:
566:
562:
558:
554:
550:
546:
542:
538:
534:
530:
526:
522:
518:
514:
510:
506:
502:
498:
493:
491:
487:
483:
473:
470:
467:
464:
461:
458:
455:
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447:
446:
443:
440:
437:
434:
431:
428:
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418:
414:
411:
407:
403:
400:
399:
396:
395:
388:
386:
384:
380:
375:
373:
369:
365:
360:
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354:
350:
346:
342:
338:
334:
330:
326:
322:
318:
314:
310:
306:
302:
298:
293:
291:
287:
283:
279:
275:
271:
265:
263:
259:
255:
251:
250:Dütsch Lumber
246:
244:
240:
236:
232:
228:
224:
216:
214:
212:
208:
204:
200:
196:
188:
186:
184:
180:
176:
172:
168:
164:
160:
157:
156:French-suited
153:
149:
145:
141:
133:
130:Clubs may be
128:
125:
121:
117:
113:
110:Related games
108:
104:
100:
97:
93:
90:
86:
82:
78:
74:
70:
67:
64:
60:
57:
54:
50:
47:
44:
40:
33:
28:
23:
2217:}}
2211:{{
2208:}}
2202:{{
2199:}}
2193:{{
2190:}}
2184:{{
2131:Hundertspiel
1920:Hundertspiel
1910:German Tarok
1904:
1865:Bierschlauch
1689:Bête Hombrée
1674:As Qui Court
1574:Losing lodam
1455:
1445:
1437:
1427:
1416:
1398:
1381:
1371:
1364:
1356:
1341:
1334:
1325:
1310:
1302:
1293:
1284:
1275:
1267:
1239:
1219:
1210:
1201:
1192:
1183:
1178:
1171:
1167:
1158:
1149:
1140:
1120:
1115:
1106:
1101:
1096:
1087:
1078:
1070:
1067:McLeod, John
1062:
1020:
1012:
982:
973:
965:
956:
940:
936:
932:
928:
918:
912:
898:
894:
892:
887:
879:
875:
871:
867:
863:
861:
857:
847:
843:
839:
835:
831:
827:
825:
816:
812:
802:
787:
777:
773:
769:
755:
753:
748:
741:
731:
721:
719:
714:
707:
703:
699:
695:
691:
687:
683:
679:
677:
672:
660:
658:
653:
648:
610:
606:
604:
599:
597:
587:
581:
575:
571:
569:
560:
548:
544:
540:
539:("top") and
536:
532:
528:
524:
520:
494:
479:
393:
392:
382:
376:
361:
327:, alongside
294:
292:and others.
282:Kreuzmariage
273:
269:
266:
261:
257:
253:
249:
247:
230:
220:
210:
207:German ombre
206:
202:
195:English solo
192:
143:
139:
138:
55:
2248:Ombre group
2056:Primo visto
2000:Scherwenzel
1990:Sansprendre
1960:Müller Matz
1950:Kontraspiel
1925:Juckerspiel
1915:Grobhäusern
1905:German Solo
1900:Fünfzehnern
1860:Bester Bube
1769:Hoc Mazarin
1639:Speculation
1604:Pope Julius
1549:French ruff
1518:Historical
1482:Münsterland
1313:, 8th edn.
817:Durchmarsch
798:follow suit
738:eldest hand
584:Münsterland
379:Münsterland
341:dignitaries
321:Mecklenburg
311:region. In
286:Matzlfangen
231:Junker Kord
199:Münsterland
140:German solo
96:German pack
66:Plain-trick
20:German solo
2232:Categories
2161:(Scottish)
2149:(Austrian)
2127:Elfmandeln
2030:Vogelspiel
2025:Trischaken
1694:Bouillotte
1520:card games
1327:Die Heimat
1309:_ (1988).
1300:_ (1839).
1291:_ (1834).
1282:_ (1826).
1279:, Vol. 12.
1273:_ (1779).
1261:Literature
994:References
927:The three
906:Variations
874:and 6 for
870:, 3 for a
832:Grossfrage
774:Grossfrage
708:Grossfrage
700:Grossfrage
680:Grossfrage
673:Grossfrage
665:plain suit
337:Schafskopf
305:River Lahn
2167:(Swedish)
2153:Romestecq
2135:Piquesept
2123:Einwerfen
2051:Minchiate
1970:Piquesept
1945:Kauflabet
1940:Karnöffel
1935:Karniffel
1885:Einwerfen
1880:Cinquille
1819:Quintille
1809:Quadrille
1804:Quadrette
1779:Impériale
1749:Guimbarde
1624:Quadrille
1599:Pope Joan
1473:pagat.com
1315:Altenburg
966:ich frage
962:all fours
919:Mediateur
872:Großfrage
749:Mussfrage
394:Hierarchy
301:quadrille
278:Schafkopf
262:Kauf-Solo
239:Schafkopf
223:quadrille
175:Schafkopf
163:quadrille
159:skat pack
116:Quadrille
105:Clockwise
2143:Sticheln
2119:(Polish)
2117:Drużbart
2113:Chapanka
2082:Conquian
2066:Trappola
2015:Sticheln
2010:Spitzeln
2005:Schlauch
1985:Rümpffen
1930:Kaschlan
1870:Brusbart
1839:Triomphe
1824:Reversis
1799:Pamphile
1794:Papillon
1784:Lenterlu
1719:Commerce
1594:Penneech
1539:Bone ace
1456:Gedichte
1454:(1796).
1425:(1800).
1397:(2008).
1380:(1991).
1102:Gedichte
933:spadille
929:matadors
794:Forehand
770:Mußfrage
756:spadille
684:spadille
637:or as a
631:alliance
623:declarer
615:shuffles
602:(1988).
572:spadille
570:Neither
549:spadille
521:spadille
497:matadors
372:Knüffeln
343:playing
333:Fünfkart
329:Dreikart
290:Grünober
142:or just
124:Spitzeln
83:32 cards
2155:(Dutch)
2147:Tatteln
2092:Primero
2075:Spanish
2039:Italian
2020:Tatteln
1995:Saunigl
1980:Réunion
1975:Pollack
1955:Mariage
1875:Cassino
1834:Tontine
1829:Sizette
1734:Emprunt
1709:Brisque
1704:Briscan
1614:Primero
1527:English
937:manille
854:Scoring
836:Helfer?
688:manille
645:Bidding
639:soloist
635:partner
633:with a
627:bidding
619:cutting
582:In the
551:is the
525:manille
313:Prussia
243:Dreiers
217:History
183:Parlett
152:German-
72:Players
46:Germany
2139:Skwitz
2097:Rentoy
1890:Elfern
1848:German
1789:Mouche
1729:Culbas
1724:Coucou
1699:Brelan
1669:Ambigu
1662:French
1413:"Solo"
1405:
1388:
1348:
805:tricks
740:bids "
565:spades
543:(from
513:Leaves
505:Acorns
349:Boston
339:, the
317:Saxony
297:hombre
227:hombre
171:Tarock
92:Piquet
42:Origin
2165:Kille
2106:Other
2087:Ombre
2061:Ronfa
2046:Gilet
1744:Gilet
1589:Noddy
1564:Ombre
1554:Gleek
1534:Andro
948:Notes
941:baste
864:Frage
848:Frage
844:Frage
840:Hier!
828:Frage
826:In a
813:prime
809:bonus
790:whist
778:Frage
764:O or
742:Frage
720:In a
704:Frage
694:or a
661:Frage
659:In a
654:Frage
611:baste
594:Rules
588:Sollo
576:baste
561:baste
557:clubs
553:queen
545:basta
537:Spitz
529:baste
517:Ombre
509:trump
448:Other
401:Trump
389:Cards
383:Sollo
353:ombre
345:whist
309:Rhine
258:Casco
211:ombre
203:Sollo
201:, as
167:ombre
120:Ombre
80:Cards
1759:Hère
1684:Bête
1403:ISBN
1386:ISBN
1346:ISBN
939:and
899:Tout
895:Tout
888:Tout
884:slam
880:Tout
876:solo
868:solo
821:slam
811:for
784:Play
722:solo
715:Solo
696:solo
692:solo
686:and
609:and
574:nor
559:and
541:Bass
533:Alte
527:and
501:Ober
490:Aces
368:skat
357:faro
335:and
307:and
189:Name
179:skat
173:and
144:solo
102:Play
88:Deck
62:Type
2159:Maw
1764:Hoc
1754:Her
1619:Put
1579:Maw
1471:at
1415:in
1053:at
866:or
830:or
555:of
503:of
459:(O)
429:(O)
374:".
260:or
252:or
233:by
154:or
94:or
2234::
2145:,
2141:,
2137:,
2133:,
2129:,
2125:,
2115:,
1317::
1247:^
1228:^
1128:^
1041:^
1029:^
1001:^
935:,
792:.
780:.
678:A
641:.
567:.
523:,
519::
507:,
488:.
474:7
465:10
435:10
355:,
351:,
347:,
331:,
315:,
288:,
284:,
280:,
245:.
213:.
181:.
122:,
118:,
1511:e
1504:t
1497:v
1484:.
1430:.
1321:.
1288:.
931:(
882:(
819:(
766:♣
758:(
471:8
468:9
462:U
456:K
453:A
441:8
438:9
432:U
426:K
423:A
420:O
412:7
409:O
75:4
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