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support they provided to the ruling sultans to further their own interests. During the conflicts between the two groups and the rivalry of the imam and the sultan, the
British eventually played an intermediary role, and this resulted in a stable Sultanate in Oman which lasted between 1920 and 1954.
138:
was established in the mid 8th century. In the election of a new imam (leader) who functioned as ”both temporal and religious leader of the community”, the leaders of both confederations played an important role in governance. The
Ghafiris and Hinawis confederations existed during the civil wars in
150:
In the late 19th century, Ghafiri, numbering approximately 20,000 people, lived in the areas of
Bereymi Proper and Su'areb. Ghafiri tribes of that time were the Na'im, the Beni Ka'ib, the Beni Kattab and El-Daramikeh. A constant feature of the rivalry of the two groups was also witnessed in the
143:’s intervention in the period between 1737–38 and 1742–44. The confederations played a role in the political history of Oman, with Omani tribes being affiliated with one or the other confederation. Because of the Ghafiri's support of
418:
In the
Permanent court of arbitration at The Hague: Grant of the French flag to Muscat Dhows. The case on behalf of the government of his Britannic majesty and of his highness the sultan of Muscat
167:
are
Ghafiri by political affiliation. Although rivalry continues in the modern day between Ghafiri and Hinawis, it is generally limited to their opposing football teams.
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tribes. Both groups provided support to the ruling sultans to further their own interests. The
Ghafiri are Sunni Muslim.
196:
661:
654:
283:
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147:, a clash occurred between the two confederations in 1748 in which leaders of both tribes died.
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The origins of the United Arab
Emirates: a political and social history of the Trucial States
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288:, chapter 6 Oman – Government and Politics, section: Historical Patterns of Governance"
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Nomadic
Societies in the Middle East And North Africa: Entering the 21st Century
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The Blood-red Arab Flag: An
Investigation Into Qasimi Piracy, 1797-1820
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The
Ghafiri's religious affiliation is Sunni Muslim, abiding by the
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40:. Both confederations claim their origin to the
28:) are one of two major tribal confederations of
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537:Oman: Politics and Society in the Qaboos State
44:and the Ghafiri also trace their roots to the
585:
561:(Public domain ed.). J. Murray. p.
8:
592:
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431:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
415:Court of Arbitration at the Hague (1905).
378:(Public domain ed.). Asiatic Society
375:Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal
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134:The Ghafiri confederation of the Ibāḍī
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183:Court of Arbitration at the Hague 1905
461:Davies, Charles E. (1 January 1997).
356:
7:
64:Regions with significant populations
513:Stöckli, Sigrid (13 October 2011).
516:National Entity - Tribal Diversity
14:
421:(Public domain ed.). London.
797:Ethnic groups in the Middle East
673:
601:
555:Wellsted, James Raymond (1838).
195:Said Zahlan, Rosemarie (1978).
139:Persia which had resulted from
467:. University of Exeter Press.
290:. US Library of Congress. 1993
1:
443:Oman: The Bradt Travel Guide
813:
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252:. Encyclopædia Britannica
250:"The Omani tribal system"
112:
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57:
372:Asiatic Society (1877).
201:. Macmillan. p. 2.
446:. Bradt Travel Guides.
36:, the other being the
792:Ethnic groups in Oman
534:Valeri, Marc (2009).
440:Darke, Diana (2010).
286:A Country Study: Oman
107:Related ethnic groups
540:. Hurst Publishers.
309:Asiatic Society 1877
488:The Trucial States
485:(1 January 1970).
145:Saif ibn Sultan II
779:
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754:Foreign nationals
655:Roman Catholicism
558:Travels in Arabia
547:978-1-85065-933-4
526:978-3-656-02799-7
498:978-0-04-953005-8
474:978-0-85989-509-5
453:978-1-84162-332-0
407:978-90-04-14792-8
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26:al-Ghafiriyah
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650:Christianity
608:Demographics
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504:22 September
502:. Retrieved
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392:Chatty, Dawn
382:21 September
380:. Retrieved
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366:Bibliography
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321:Stöckli 2011
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294:22 September
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256:22 September
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681:Oman portal
345:Hawley 1970
271:Davies 1997
237:Valeri 2009
222:Chatty 2006
786:Categories
771:Pakistanis
698:Al-Lawatia
357:Darke 2010
171:References
141:Nadir Shah
761:Filipinos
620:Religions
427:cite book
400:. BRILL.
94:Religion
78:Language
745:Swahilis
713:Bedouins
394:(2006).
163:tenets.
118:Bedouins
58:Ghafiri
32:and the
766:Indians
723:Harasis
718:Ghafiri
708:Bahrani
161:Wahhabi
155:Culture
136:Imamate
130:History
122:Harasis
22:Ghafiri
18:Ghāfirī
733:Omanis
728:Hinawi
544:
523:
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114:Hinawi
88:Arabic
50:Adnani
46:Nizari
38:Hināwī
20:(also
740:Mehri
703:Arabs
643:Ibadi
638:Sunni
628:Islam
165:Na'im
100:Islam
84:Mehri
70:🇴🇲
662:Jews
633:Shia
612:Oman
542:ISBN
521:ISBN
506:2013
493:ISBN
469:ISBN
448:ISBN
433:link
402:ISBN
384:2013
296:2013
258:2013
203:ISBN
72:Oman
30:Oman
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