36:. During the 18th century, serious conflicts occurred between the two factions. These conflicts only ended after many sub-tribes were united under one leader that belonged to one of the two factions. The Hinawis gathered under Khalaf bin Mubarak Alhinai from the Bani Hina tribe, while the Ghafiris gathered under Mohammed bin Nasir Alghafiri of the Beni Ghafir tribe. The almost equal strength of the two alliances led to the end of the feud. The rivalry played a decisive role in shaping the political history of Oman, with Omani tribes affiliating themselves historically with either the Ghafiri or Hinawi alliances.
32:. Characterized as two significant factions having distinct interests and organizations, their rivalry began approximately 2000 years ago; almost during the time Ghafiris arrived to Oman. The Hinawis, for the most part, resided in southeast Oman, while the Ghafiris predominated in the northwestern part of Oman. Several tribal groups make up the Hinawi alliance, such as, the Dhowahir, Beni Yas, and the Awamir, Beni Hina and the
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power alliances that resulted in peace. The rivalry ignited again during the 19th century but also ended after the two major tribes united under Imam
Alkharusi in 1913 against British imperialism that started to develop in the Sultanate of Muscat. The conflict between the Imamate and the Sultanate ended with the signing of the
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leadership. Frequent conflicts between the two groups came to the fore during the election of the
Imamate in 1719, which was contested by one Hinawi and one Ghafiri candidate. The rivalry of the 18th century ended when the smaller tribes that constituted Ghafiris and Hinawis created almost equal in
162:, which resulted in a stable Oman and Muscat during the period of 1920–54. Although feuds still persist, the outburst is generally limited in the present day to football rivalry between the teams of both confederations.
698:
In the
Permanent court of arbitration at The Hague: Grant of the French flag to Muscat Dhows. The case on behalf of the government of his Britannic majesty and of his highness the sultan of Muscat
572:
Ulrich, Brian (2008). "The Azd migrations reconsidered: narratives of ʿAmr
Muzayqiya and Mālik b. Fahm in historiographic context by Brian Ulrich (21 July 2007)".
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Ghāfirī creeds align with. A segment of the Azd tribe migrated to Oman in 200 AD following the catastrophe caused by the failure of the
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Election of the Imam of Oman in 8th century was secured by an agreement which included
Hinawis and
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The origins of the United Arab
Emirates: a political and social history of the Trucial States
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Saudi Arabia and the Gulf Arab States Today: An
Encyclopedia of Life in the Arab States
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The following were recorded as Hinawi associated tribes in northern and central Oman:
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Prior to the spread of Islam, there were two distinct groups in Oman, one was the
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142:. Malik, with an armed force of more than 6000 men and horses, fought against
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Investigation Into Qasimi Piracy, 1797-1820
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in Oman in the battle of Salut, which he eventually won.
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was the first Yemeni settler in Oman. He first settled in
126:(Nejdi) from central and northern Arabia, of which the
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122:Hinawi creeds align with, while the other was
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711:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
695:Court of Arbitration at the Hague (1905).
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682:(Public domain ed.). Asiatic Society
20:are one of two major tribal groupings of
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48:Regions with significant populations
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118:from southwestern Arabia, of which
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489:Robert Geran Landen (2015-12-08).
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701:(Public domain ed.). London.
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421:Said Zahlan, Rosemarie (1978).
747:. University of Exeter Press.
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559:"Oman From the Dawn of Islam"
723:Oman: The Bradt Travel Guide
495:. Princeton Legacy Library.
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600:"The Omani tribal system"
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134:in Yemen. Malik bin Fahm
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676:Asiatic Society (1877).
427:. Macmillan. p. 2.
726:. Bradt Travel Guides.
604:Encyclopædia Britannica
472:Maisel & Shoup 2009
166:Hinawi Federated Tribes
492:Oman Since 1856 (1967)
28:, the other being the
835:Ethnic groups in Oman
804:Valeri, Marc (2009).
720:Darke, Diana (2010).
87:Related ethnic groups
810:. Hurst Publishers.
460:Asiatic Society 1877
768:. Greenwood Press.
580:. JSTOR: 311–318.
561:. Global Security.
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624:Valeri 2009
519:Davies 1997
307:Oman portal
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534:Darke 2010
409:References
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324:Al-Lawatia
189:Al Wahibah
174:Al 'Awamir
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658:28 August
387:Filipinos
246:Religions
192:Bani Hina
132:Marib Dam
74:Religion
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371:Swahilis
339:Bedouins
186:Al Hirth
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392:Indians
349:Harasis
344:Ghafiri
334:Bahrani
179:Harasis
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582:JSTOR
366:Mehri
329:Arabs
269:Ibadi
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128:Sunni
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