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wrote, "To be abundantly clear, it is not a crime to give someone the finger," and, "Flipping the proverbial bird is a God-given, Charter-enshrined right that belongs to every red-blooded
Canadian. It may not be civil, it may not be polite, it may not be gentlemanly. Nevertheless, it does not trigger
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Use of this gesture in public, while vulgar, is not unlawful, as it is considered expressive communication protected by the First
Amendment. In some cases, offended police officers who have had the insulting gesture displayed to them have stopped, ticketed, or arrested people for doing so. However,
691:
referred to the gesture as the "rigid digit" salute. It was used in a more jocular manner, to suggest an airman had committed an error or infraction; the term was a reference to
British slang terms for inattentiveness (i.e. "pull your finger out (of your bum)"). The "order of the rigid digit"
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it is neither a crime, nor even probable cause to stop a person, and a police officer who does so violates "a clearly established constitutional right," and does not have qualified immunity if they do so, which means they can be sued for monetary damages for the unlawful stop and/or arrest.
1318:, this same gesture (with all fingers curled inward except the middle one) means the following: elder brother (hand moving up), younger brother (hand moving down), and siblings in general (one hand moving up, one moving down). This comes from a childish name of the middle finger,
727:
Giving the finger has resulted in negative consequences. A Malaysian man was bludgeoned to death after giving the finger to a motorist following a car chase. A Pakistani man was deported by the United Arab
Emirates for the gesture, which violates indecency codes.
114:. In the early 1800s, it gained increasing recognition as a sign of disrespect and was used by music artists (notably more common among actors, celebrities, athletes and politicians; most still view the gesture as obscene). In more contemporary periods, the bent
1299:) serves as the equivalent to the finger, meaning "you won't get it" or "in your dreams". The gesture is typically made with the hand and fingers curled and the thumb thrust between the middle and index fingers. This gesture is also used similarly in
719:
ruled in 1976 that gesturing with the middle finger was offensive, but not obscene, after a police officer charged a 16-year-old with making an obscene gesture when the student gave the officer the middle finger. The case was appealed to the
99:. Many cultures use similar gestures to display their disrespect, although others use it to express pointing without intentional disrespect. The gesture is usually used to express contempt but can also be used humorously or playfully.
759:
floated an outsize, purple statue of a hand on the River Vltava in Prague; its middle finger extended towards Prague Castle, the
Presidential seat. Černý had also mounted a middle finger on a pink former Soviet tank from the
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The middle finger gesture was used in ancient times as a symbol of sexual intercourse, in a manner meant to degrade, intimidate and threaten the individual receiving the gesture. It also represented the
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Doug Gibson, Southern
California area flight leader, is presented with two mementoes in recognition of his outstanding leadership-an engraved mug and a carved wooden replica of the famed 'Rigid Digit.'
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continued after the war as a series of awards presented by the veteran's association of the 91st, marked by wooden statuettes of a hand giving the single finger gesture. In 2005 during the
586:' use of the images in their propaganda. The North Koreans, ignorant of what the gesture meant, were at first told by the prisoners that it was a "Hawaiian good luck sign", similar to the
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In automobile driving culture, giving the finger to a fellow motorist communicates displeasure at another person's reckless driving habits and/or their disregard for common courtesy.
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incident, in which an
American ship was captured by North Korea, the captured American crewmembers often discreetly gave the finger in staged photo ops, undermining the
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extended upwards, though in some locales, the thumb is extended. Extending the finger is considered a symbol of contempt in several cultures, especially in the
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1036:, an annual music awards show in the UK, uses an extended middle finger design in the trophy handed out to the winners. Many musical artists, including
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gave the finger to the camera at an Austin production facility during his term as governor of Texas, saying it was "just a one-finger victory salute."
565:
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on April 12 with the text "Russian warship, fuck you!" and a drawing of a
Ukrainian soldier presenting the middle finger to the Russian cruiser.
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638:, earning the incident the nickname the "Salmon Arm salute". The gesture itself has also been nicknamed the "Trudeau salute". Former president
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1222:, "two-fingered salute" or "the fingers", when given with back of the hand towards the recipient, serves a similar purpose. According to a
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The media sometimes refers to the gesture as being mistaken for an indication of "we're number one", typically indicated with a raised
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536:(1927), a misunderstanding results in the ringbearer giving the finger to another member of the wedding party, to comedic effect.
91:, "shove it up your ass/arse", "up yours", or "go fuck yourself". It is performed by showing the back of a hand that has only the
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1618:"Davis' Infamous Finger Salute Has Had a Big Hand in History; Folklorists: Roots Go Back At Least 2,000 Years To Ancient Rome"
509:
In 2023, in a ruling issued
February 24 regarding a Canadian man who was accused of criminal harassment and uttering threats,
149:
with the large jar in which he lived; when strangers at the inn were expressing their wish to catch sight of the great orator
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1995:
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the finger to protest the War in Iraq. Serbian protesters gave the finger to the
Russian embassy regarding their support of
3723:
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2013:
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has used the finger in photographs and sculptures as a political statement. As a political message to the Czech President
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1266:, the gesture involving raising a fist and slapping the biceps on the same arm as the fist used, sometimes called the
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The finger became an integral part of our anti-propaganda campaign. Any time a camera appeared, so did the fingers.
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meant to indirectly convey the gesture in a medium where a direct description would be inappropriate. For example,
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forced her to resign from her job as a marketing executive. However, the notoriety may have been favorable in her
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installed a marble statue of a middle finger measuring 11 metres (36 ft), located directly in front of the
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was caught flipping the bird at the camera. The finger was airbrushed out of subsequent releases of the album.
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published a photo of Burghardt making the gesture towards Iraqi insurgents he believed to be watching after an
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267:). Socrates called one who made the gesture "boorish and stupid." The gesture recurs as a form of mockery in
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1966:
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293:" appears in a fragment of Aristophanes and has a similar meaning. The usage is once again explained in the
35:
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game describing the finger of a dejected Houston Oilers fan: "He thinks they're number one in the nation."
590:. When the guards finally figured things out, the crewmembers were subjected to extremely severe beatings.
381:, an old woman uses dust, spit and her middle finger to mark the forehead before casting a spell. The poet
5011:
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The hand gesture on the left is the normal "victory" symbol. The gesture on the right is the rude gesture.
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651:
603:
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1172:, sees the growing acceptance of the middle finger as a sign of the growth of a "culture of disrespect".
724:, which upheld the decision. In March 2006, a federal lawsuit was filed regarding the free speech issue.
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3167:"Why a pink tank made Prague see red by Patrick Wright (first published in the Guardian, 25 July 1991)"
2711:"A B.C. museum says it's preserved the railcar from which Pierre Trudeau gave the finger to protesters"
3950:
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Fifty-nine in '84: Old Hoss Radbourn, Barehanded Baseball, and the Greatest Season a Pitcher Ever Had
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in 1991. In 2011–2012, the pink tank with the finger was displayed again on a barge on the Vltava.
576:
259:" and the rhythmic measure composed of a long syllable and two short, like the joints of a finger (
1338:("baby finger", the pinky). The equivalent words for sisters are expressed with the pinky. In the
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87:. The gesture communicates moderate to extreme contempt, and is roughly equivalent in meaning to
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3330:"Cobra Starship's 'Middle Finger' Video Is Bird-Flipping Fun – Music, Celebrity, Artist News"
2584:
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1551:
1518:
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1239:(in the Fitzwilliam Museum, Cambridge), "being made by a glove in the psalter's marginalia".
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is, and gives the finger. The gesture is a visual pun on the two meanings of the Greek word
175:
158:
153:, Diogenes is said to have stuck out his middle finger and exclaimed "This, for you, is the
4172:
Field Guide to Gestures: How to Identify and Interpret Virtually Every Gesture Known to Man
4049:"Giving someone 'the finger' in Japanese Sign Language doesn't mean what you think it does"
2632:
1553:
American Taboo: The Forbidden Words, Unspoken Rules, and Secret Morality of Popular culture
1025:
is also famous for flashing one or both middle fingers as part of his gimmick. Hockey star
646:
gave the finger to reporters after leaving his election headquarters the night he lost the
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4706:
4678:
4514:
3430:
Silent Visions: Discovering Early Hollywood and New York Through the Films of Harold Lloyd
3291:
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2017:
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has a character in good health extend "the indecent one" toward three doctors. In another
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474:. The first documented appearance of the finger in the United States was in 1886, when
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3384:"The Story Behind Johnny Cash's Infamous Middle Finger Photo ::Johnny Cash News"
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2067:
1958:
1921:
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1826:
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970:
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599:
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pictured giving the finger to cameraman, 1886. First known photograph of the gesture.
345:
and bearded man with middle finger extended in the "infamis digitus" to ward off the
334:
179:
96:
92:
3986:
1342:, the middle finger (with the front of the hand facing forward) stands for the kana
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2009:
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269:
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107:
1798:
Before Sexuality: The Construction of Erotic Experience in the Ancient Greek World
1347:
1194:
3139:
435:
with reference to its frequent use when accusing someone of a "shameful action."
17:
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4333:
4176:
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1002:
954:
881:
869:
693:
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364:, meaning the "shameless, indecent or offensive finger". In the 1st century AD,
309:
150:
119:
4019:
1664:
1403:
1389:
1250:
In countries where Spanish, Portuguese or French are spoken, and especially in
860:
The use of the middle finger has become pervasive in popular culture. The band
368:
had superstitious female relatives concoct a charm with the "infamous finger" (
4914:
4909:
4889:
4859:
4839:
4818:
4544:
4524:
4418:
4403:
4353:
4328:
4323:
4250:
3882:
3571:"Johnny Manziel fined $ 12K for obscene hand gesture on Monday Night Football"
2887:
2741:
1904:
Not the classical ideal: Athens and the construction of the other in Greek art
1468:
1361:
1357:
1098:
1068:, but had to apologize when fans interpreted the gesture as directed at them.
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1033:
978:
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884:
shows him giving the middle finger to a photographer during a 1969 concert at
587:
404:
400:
235:
43:
3720:"WTF! Ariana Grande & Jennifer Lawrence Middle Finger Drama! - Hollywire"
3256:"Укрпошта випустила мільйон поштових марок "Русскій воєнний корабль, іді …!""
1536:
122:
fingers on each side of the middle finger have been likened to represent the
4691:
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4648:
4413:
4368:
4358:
4343:
4101:
3115:"MOMA – The Collection – Ai Weiwei. Study of Perspective – Tiananmen Square"
2399:
1343:
1300:
1211:
1146:
1065:
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1006:
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377:
154:
3633:. Aol.sportingnews.com. Associated Press. November 16, 2009. Archived from
3285:
Stinkefinger für die Russen: Ukrainische Post bringt neue Briefmarke heraus
273:, alongside farting in someone's face. The usage is later explained in the
1017:, was fined US$ 250,000 for giving both middle fingers to the fans of the
4924:
4884:
4779:
4724:
4714:
4658:
4638:
4393:
4378:
4313:
4308:
4024:
1288:
1255:
1247:, accidentally made the gesture while on a diplomatic trip to Australia.
1088:
1005:
once resigned after giving the finger to fans on Fan Appreciation Night.
479:
413:
391:
346:
338:
323:
240:
187:
171:
3747:"M.I.A. Super Bowl Middle Finger Joins Long List Of Celebrity Flip-Offs"
1161:, a law professor, believes the finger is no longer an obscene gesture.
4739:
4734:
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4509:
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4398:
4289:
3204:"Cyclist who flipped off Trump motorcade wins local office in Virginia"
2769:
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894:. However, the photo remained fairly obscure until 1998, when producer
813:
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was one of many methods used to divert the ever-present threat of the
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border guard Roman Hrybov's last communication with the warship was "
510:
290:
281:
218:
123:
31:
3511:"Bird Watching: Through the years with the crudest finger in sports"
2610:"Giving the middle finger is a 'God-given' right, says Quebec judge"
1486:
or "the fingers", similar hand gesture with index and middle fingers
1186:, shows a jogger giving the finger in the direction of the mansion.
518:
criminal liability." The accused man, Neall Epstein, was acquitted.
3305:"Russian Warship Moskva Is Featured in New Ukrainian Postage Stamp"
3231:"Russian Warship Moskva Is Featured in New Ukrainian Postage Stamp"
1029:
made the gesture several times following goals in the early 1990s.
263:
which also appears as a visual pun on the penis and testicles in a
4975:
4934:
4519:
4504:
4469:
4373:
4303:
3489:"Montoya Fined $ 10,000 by Nascar for Finger Gesture Caught by TV"
3356:"Middle finger sculpture pops up in front of Milan Stock Exchange"
1422:
1308:
1251:
1232:, a "two-fingered salute" appeared in the Macclesfield Psalter of
1193:
1057:
831:
560:
549:'s character gives himself the finger into a distorting mirror at
437:
354:
328:
133:
3294:. In: rnd.de. 12 April 2022. Retrieved 14 April 2022. (in German)
2798:"Peer Steinbrück und die "Stinkefinger"-Pose. Sie können ihn mal"
2763:
Dolan, Laura; Flores, Rosa; McCaughan, Tim (September 11, 2013).
775:
as it drove past her while bicycling, and a photograph that went
411:. The indecent finger features again in a mocking context in the
4383:
3627:"NFL fines Titans owner Bud Adams $ 250,000 for obscene gesture"
622:, directed the gesture to hecklers at a 1976 campaign stop near
389:, Martial wrote: "Laugh loud, Sextillus, at whoever calls you a
275:
88:
4262:
2765:"Weiner dodges sexting partner, flips the bird as he rides off"
568:
featuring a Ukrainian soldier in battle dress flipping off the
3208:
1145:. Sometimes, though, the "mistake" is actually an intentional
1084:
1064:
and Iggy Azalea have given the gesture towards members of the
626:, leading it to be called the "Rockefeller gesture". In 1982,
575:
The gesture has been involved in political events. During the
297:, where it is said to mean "to touch the anus with a finger."
225:
also referring to "a male who submits to anal penetration" or
4132:
Fuck: Word Taboo and Protecting Our First Amendment Liberties
2314:
820:". This was memorialized on a set of Ukrainian commemorative
711:
The middle finger has been involved in judicial hearings. An
3805:"M.I.A. flips middle finger during Super Bowl halftime show"
1729:
The New Testament World: Insights from Cultural Anthropology
489:, was photographed giving it to a member of their rival the
4258:
3658:"Could Bud Adams' middle finger endear NFL owners to fans?"
1097:
is a picture of his raised middle finger. On the cover of
904:
criticizing country radio for not giving airplay to Cash's
174:; from its close association, the gesture may have assumed
1001:; he never played in the majors again. Baseball executive
666:
controversially gave the finger in a photo interview with
170:, with the fingers next to the middle finger representing
3411:"Milwaukee Journal Sentinel - Google News Archive Search"
2937:. United Press International. January 8, 1977. p. 5
2658:"Top aide put on spot over Trudeau's one-finger gesture"
1284:(Brazil), or Iberian slap, is equivalent to the finger.
4150:
Loheed, M. J.; Patterson, Matt; Schmidt, Eddie (1998).
3898:"Madonna's Super Bowl Halftime Show Edges Out the Game"
247:, Strepsiades declares that he knows quite well what a
989:
have been suspended or fined for making the gesture.
872:
that showed people giving the finger. Italian artist
470:, the gesture probably came to the United States via
3774:"Adele turns tables on TV execs with finger gesture"
417:, a collection of poems relating to the phallic god
4948:
4832:
4806:
4778:
4705:
4677:
4631:
4563:
4432:
4296:
4001:"The Prescott Courier - Google News Archive Search"
3097:"The Post and Courier – Google News Archive Search"
3069:"Ricky Martin defends obscene gesture made at Bush"
2206:
The Maculate Muse: Obscene Language in Attic Comedy
349:. A video of the figure on the right has been made.
4077:"This Is Not "Fuck You" in Japanese Sign Language"
3047:"Dubai: Deportation for finger gesture man – News"
2631:. USS Pueblo Veteran's Association. Archived from
425:, the term "shameless finger" is explained in the
4152:The Finger: A Comprehensive Guide to Flipping Off
2911:. Associated Press. December 28, 1976. p. 2A
3857:. Melbourne University Publishing. p. 192.
2684:"One-finger salute crude to Ont. Film Review Bd"
1511:Kipfer, Barbara Ann; Chapman, Robert L. (2008).
1287:More commonly in Turkish or Slavic regions, the
3140:"Czech floating finger sends president message"
2987:"Middle finger salute leads to federal lawsuit"
2931:"Leonard Backing Court Appeal On Middle Finger"
2903:"Raising middle finger not obscene, judges say"
1665:"When did the middle finger become offensive?"
4274:
3405:
3403:
3401:
1795:Halperin, David M.; Winkler, John J. (1992).
700:Michael Burghardt gained prominence when the
8:
3688:"Young Jaromir Jagr loved flipping the bird"
932:funhouse after getting paint on his suit in
731:People have given the finger as a method of
3332:. MTV.com. January 19, 2012. Archived from
1658:
1656:
1654:
1652:
1650:
1648:
1646:
1644:
1334:("big-sister finger", the ring finger) and
1087:, and M.I.A. apologized. The CD itself for
928:shot the finger to his own reflection in a
794:On February 24, 2022, the first day of the
4281:
4267:
4259:
4169:Wagner, Melissa; Armstrong, Nancy (2003).
1690:
1688:
1575:
1573:
1170:National Institute on Media and the Family
918:made the gesture during a photo shoot for
466:to the 1890s. According to anthropologist
322:, Diogenes's target is instead one of the
3706:"The Story Of The Night: NME Awards 2016"
1611:
1609:
1607:
1605:
1132:REVERSED HAND WITH MIDDLE FINGER EXTENDED
3453:
3451:
3449:
2958:"The Moving Finger Writes Legal History"
1953:
1951:
1698:Nature Embodied: Gesture in Ancient Rome
1506:
1504:
462:traces the gesture's development in the
42:
4020:"How the internet is changing language"
3825:Frere-Jones, Sasha (February 6, 2012).
3598:
3596:
1585:"Lives of Eminent Philosophers VI.2.34"
1500:
938:, his final silent feature, from 1928.
3664:. Aol.sportingnews.com. Archived from
2956:Mulligan, Hugh A. (January 30, 1978).
2796:Maroldt, Lorenz (September 13, 2013).
1322:("big-brother finger"), as opposed to
3975:Snider, Christian (January 6, 2014).
2858:91st Bombardment Group (H) Newsletter
2237:. The Stoa Consortium. Archived from
2108:. The Stoa Consortium. Archived from
1927:The Poetics of Eros in Ancient Greece
1182:, taken in 2011 during the tenure of
1136:Miscellaneous Symbols and Pictographs
1021:during a game. Professional wrestler
997:after giving the middle finger to an
221:toward another person, with the term
7:
3908:from the original on April 19, 2012.
2738:"Bush's One-Fingered Victory Salute"
2076:"A Greek–English Lexicon: σκιμαλίζω"
1766:"A Greek–English Lexicon: κατάπυγον"
898:made it the centerpiece of an ad in
771:gave the finger to the motorcade of
526:During a wedding sequence in one of
375:) and "purifying spit" while in the
213: – πυγή, "rump, buttocks"). In
4603:Three-finger salute (pro-democracy)
3919:Stevenson, Chris (April 21, 2011).
3896:Kenneally, Tim (February 6, 2012).
3772:Collett, Mike (February 22, 2012).
3432:. Santa Monica Press. p. 228.
3266:from the original on April 15, 2022
2985:Reed Ward, Paula (March 14, 2006).
2881:Mikkelson, Barbara & David P.
2709:Hopper, Tristin (August 22, 2016).
2295:(1 ed.). Glasgow: J. Maclehose
2174:"A Greek–English Lexicon: σιφνιάζω"
1616:Oricchio, Michael (June 20, 1996).
634:, gave the finger to protesters in
620:Vice President of the United States
596:1968 Democratic National Convention
308:directed the gesture at the orator
110:. Historically, it represented the
3827:"M.I.A. Shouldn't Have Apologized"
3615:from the original on June 6, 2013.
3523:from the original on June 29, 2022
3458:Waldman, Katy (October 13, 2003).
3202:LeBlanc, Paul (November 6, 2019).
1663:Nasaw, Daniel (February 6, 2012).
1178:'s picture of the area around the
660:Social Democratic Party of Germany
553:, about 25 minutes into the film.
25:
5017:Metaphors referring to body parts
4018:Kleinman, Zoe (August 16, 2010).
3803:Gardner, Tim (February 5, 2012).
3784:from the original on May 11, 2023
3745:Kaufman, Gil (February 6, 2012).
3656:Mike Florio (November 18, 2009).
3577:. August 22, 2014. Archived from
3165:Wright, Patrick (July 25, 1991).
2608:Serebrin, Jacob (March 8, 2023).
2265:"Discourses of Epictetus III.2.i"
1346:(which, incidentally, is also an
818:Russian warship, go fuck yourself
47:Person "giving the middle finger"
4207:: The Middle Finger and the Law"
4075:Ashcraft, Brian (May 11, 2015).
3487:Laverty, Gene (April 25, 2007).
3262:(in Ukrainian). April 12, 2022.
3023:. April 17, 2010. Archived from
1402:
1388:
1374:
1360:
1060:have publicly made the gesture.
395:and extend your middle finger."
3544:"Kohli fined for finger salute"
3049:. Scotsman.com. January 9, 2011
2890:: Urban Legends Reference Pages
2549:The Body Legal in Barbarian Law
2486:Williams, Craig Arthur (2010).
1873:"A Greek–English Lexicon: πυγή"
1835:"A Greek–English Lexicon: κατά"
658:, the leading candidate of the
197:, the gesture was known as the
4047:O'Neill, Kara (May 11, 2015).
3921:"Bruins edge Habs early in OT"
3708:. NME Awards. January 4, 2018.
3542:Wu, Andrew (January 5, 2012).
1996:Johns Hopkins University Press
1245:President of the United States
798:, the Russian missile cruiser
654:. During the campaign for the
217:, the finger was a gesture of
209: – κατά, "downwards" and
1:
4598:Three-finger salute (Serbian)
3603:Wulf, Steve (April 5, 1989).
2664:. August 25, 1982. p. 11
2583:. Smithsonian Books. p.
1233:
880:. A now-famous photograph of
848:to the pro-Kremlin president
762:Monument to Soviet Tank Crews
689:United States Army Air Forces
239:(423 BC), when the character
5022:Metaphors referring to birds
3927:. QMI Agency. Archived from
1180:Wisconsin Governor's Mansion
1072:gave the gesture during the
656:2013 German federal election
636:Salmon Arm, British Columbia
606:, gave the middle finger to
357:, the middle finger was the
178:potency. In the 1st-century
30:For fingers in general, see
3955:Fun Facts & Information
2554:University of Toronto Press
2376:University of Toronto Press
2315:"Bust of Silenus, Bar Hill"
2203:Henderson, Jeffrey (1975).
2142:University of Toronto Press
2106:"Suda On Line: Ἐσκιμάλισεν"
1992:The Latin Sexual Vocabulary
1734:Westminster John Knox Press
1330:("mom finger", the index),
1326:("dad finger", the thumb),
796:Russian invasion of Ukraine
706:improvised explosive device
447:Charles "Old Hoss" Radbourn
243:is quizzing his student on
5043:
3982:Milwaukee Journal Sentinel
3977:"The new Wisconsin salute"
3925:The Kingston Whig-Standard
2825:Freeman, Roger A. (1990).
2292:The Roman wall in Scotland
2289:MacDonald, George (1911).
2235:"Suda On Line: Σιφνιάζειν"
1932:Princeton University Press
1803:Princeton University Press
1732:(3 ed.). Louisville:
1703:Princeton University Press
1695:Corbeill, Anthony (2003).
1550:Rosewarne, Lauren (2013).
1348:archaic word for "brother"
1117:The finger is included in
810:2022 Snake Island campaign
557:Political and military use
102:The gesture dates back to
29:
4102:"指は家族！？『手の指』のこと、何と呼びますか？"
3749:. MTV.com. Archived from
3549:The Sydney Morning Herald
2740:. YouTube. Archived from
1726:Malina, Bruce J. (2001).
1517:. HarperCollins. p.
1340:Japanese manual syllabary
1224:Royal Shakespeare Company
1153:famously noted in a 1972
722:Connecticut Supreme Court
522:Early appearance in films
4201:Robbins, Ira P. (2008).
3085:– via Google News.
3015:"A fatal finger gesture"
1454:Non verbal communication
1382:Freedom of speech portal
1081:National Football League
1011:National Football League
886:San Quentin State Prison
864:released a song called "
854:2013 parliament election
852:before the precipitated
844:from the Czech sculptor
789:Loudoun County, Virginia
632:Prime Minister of Canada
594:used the gesture at the
407:" cocked at threatening
289:. The verb "to play the
106:and it was also used in
4981:Nonverbal communication
4765:Thumb/index-finger ring
4687:Chinese number gestures
4389:Liberian snap handshake
4127:Fairman, Christopher M.
3951:"Monday Night Football"
3851:Trumble, Angus (2010).
3460:"Baseball and the bird"
3428:Bengtson, John (2011).
2992:Pittsburgh Post-Gazette
2963:The Evening Independent
2860:. April 1971. p. 3
2827:Mighty Eighth War Diary
2577:Achorn, Edward (2010).
2494:Oxford University Press
2462:"Epigrammata II.28.1–2"
2178:Oxford University Press
2080:Oxford University Press
1967:Oxford University Press
1924:; Lloyd, Janet (1999).
1877:Oxford University Press
1839:Oxford University Press
1770:Oxford University Press
1637:(subscription required)
1023:Stone Cold Steve Austin
602:, while serving as the
566:Ukrainian postage stamp
499:Cruise-Gulyas v. Minard
333:Roman stone busts from
319:Discourses of Epictetus
36:Finger (disambiguation)
4240:. SteNet Services B.V.
4234:"Finger Gesture Guide"
3854:The Finger: A Handbook
2851:"The Ragged Irregular"
1969:. pp. xvii, 181.
1434:List of sign languages
1316:Japanese Sign Language
1199:
857:
685:91st Bombardment Group
652:Mayor of New York City
604:Governor of California
572:
450:
350:
162:
48:
34:. For other uses, see
4961:Articulatory gestures
4593:Scout sign and salute
4135:. Sphinx Publishing.
3879:"Middle Finger Emoji"
3726:on September 26, 2015
3290:14 April 2022 at the
2777:on September 11, 2013
2546:Oliver, Lisi (2011).
2433:"Epigrammata VI.70.5"
2241:on September 24, 2015
2211:Yale University Press
2166:Liddell, Henry George
2112:on September 24, 2015
2068:Liddell, Henry George
1865:Liddell, Henry George
1827:Liddell, Henry George
1758:Liddell, Henry George
1623:San Jose Mercury News
1418:Articulatory gestures
1226:synopsis of the play
1197:
1155:Monday Night Football
1094:Devil Without a Cause
856:in the Czech Republic
835:
717:Hartford, Connecticut
648:2013 primary election
564:
501:918 F.3d 494 (2019).
441:
332:
182:world, extending the
137:
46:
4971:Manual communication
4632:Celebratory gestures
4238:Simply Body Language
3519:. February 5, 2007.
3364:. September 27, 2010
3119:Museum of Modern Art
3103:on January 24, 2013.
2045:(in Ancient Greek).
2014:"Clouds (ll. 650-6)"
1990:Adams, J.N. (1982).
1902:Cohen, Beth (2000).
1587:(in Ancient Greek).
1439:Manual communication
993:was released by the
941:Athletes, including
878:Milan Stock Exchange
785:board of supervisors
708:failed to kill him.
624:Binghamton, New York
612:Berkeley, California
279:and included in the
215:ancient Greek comedy
85:obscene hand gesture
81:flipping someone off
27:Obscene hand gesture
4433:Gestures of respect
4214:UC Davis Law Review
3989:on August 15, 2014.
3931:on February 4, 2013
3753:on February 8, 2012
3668:on February 2, 2013
3637:on February 3, 2013
3336:on February 9, 2012
3077:. February 16, 2007
2883:"Michael Burghardt"
2829:. Motorbooks Intl.
2489:Roman Homosexuality
2043:"Peace (ll. 546-9)"
1963:Aristophanes Clouds
669:Süddeutsche Zeitung
265:medieval Latin text
3609:Sports Illustrated
3581:on August 23, 2014
3516:Sports Illustrated
3146:. October 21, 2013
2690:. February 7, 2009
2662:The Ottawa Citizen
2635:on October 1, 2010
2629:"The Digit Affair"
2378:. pp. 225–6.
1410:Linguistics portal
1200:
1176:Google Street View
959:Juan Pablo Montoya
868:", and released a
858:
828:In popular culture
745:Slobodan Milošević
739:gave a picture of
702:Omaha World-Herald
616:Nelson Rockefeller
573:
515:Dennis Galiatsatos
472:Italian immigrants
451:
433:Isidore of Seville
403:, has the "middle
351:
312:in 4th-century BC
306:Diogenes of Sinope
163:
65:giving someone the
49:
4994:
4993:
4940:Sign of the cross
4900:Hand-in-waistcoat
4760:Sign of the horns
4608:Two-finger salute
4297:Friendly gestures
4205:Digitus Impudicus
3439:978-1-59580-057-2
3027:on April 18, 2010
2594:978-0-06-182586-6
2563:978-0-802-09706-4
2503:978-0-195-38874-9
2385:978-0-802-05954-3
2220:978-0-300-01786-1
2151:978-0-802-02831-0
2137:Adages III.iii.87
1941:978-0-691-04341-8
1812:978-0-691-03538-3
1712:978-0-691-07494-8
1670:BBC News Magazine
1581:Diogenes Laërtius
1528:978-0-06-117947-1
1479:Sign of the Horns
1474:Shocker (gesture)
1241:George H. W. Bush
1168:, founder of the
995:Chicago White Sox
874:Maurizio Cattelan
836:A message on the
733:political protest
530:'s silent films,
487:Boston Beaneaters
476:Old Hoss Radbourn
445:baseball pitcher
303:Cynic philosopher
299:Diogenes Laërtius
140:Cynic philosopher
77:flipping the bird
61:the middle finger
18:Giving the finger
16:(Redirected from
5034:
4956:List of gestures
4798:Talk to the hand
4707:Obscene gestures
4455:Canonical digits
4283:
4276:
4269:
4260:
4255:
4241:
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4211:
4190:
4165:
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4111:
4109:
4104:. March 17, 2015
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3694:. March 6, 2007.
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3183:on July 27, 2011
3182:
3176:. Archived from
3171:
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3099:. Archived from
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2803:Der Tagesspiegel
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1429:List of gestures
1412:
1407:
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1398:
1393:
1392:
1384:
1379:
1378:
1377:
1370:
1365:
1364:
1238:
1235:
1190:Similar gestures
1133:
1130:
1127:
1125:
1101:'s first album,
1015:Tennessee Titans
943:Stefan Effenberg
735:. At a concert,
698:Gunnery Sergeant
528:Alfred Hitchcock
460:Jesse Sheidlower
301:records how the
262:
229:to a female. In
21:
5042:
5041:
5037:
5036:
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5033:
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4997:
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4995:
4990:
4944:
4870:Distress signal
4865:Crossed fingers
4845:Allergic salute
4828:
4802:
4774:
4750:Reversed V sign
4701:
4679:Finger-counting
4673:
4627:
4559:
4428:
4292:
4287:
4254:. July 9, 2007.
4244:
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4122:
4120:Further reading
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3605:"All My Padres"
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3386:. antiMusic.com
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3292:Wayback Machine
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2556:. p. 150.
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2526:Perseus Project
2522:"Satire X.52-3"
2516:
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2496:. p. 223.
2485:
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2466:Perseus Project
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2422:
2412:
2410:
2408:Perseus Project
2404:"Satyricon 131"
2398:
2397:
2393:
2386:
2371:Adages II.iv.68
2364:
2363:
2359:
2349:
2347:
2345:Perseus Project
2341:"Satires II.33"
2335:
2334:
2330:
2320:
2318:
2317:. June 18, 2014
2313:
2312:
2308:
2298:
2296:
2288:
2287:
2283:
2273:
2271:
2269:Perseus Project
2259:
2258:
2254:
2244:
2242:
2233:
2232:
2228:
2221:
2213:. p. 213.
2202:
2201:
2197:
2187:
2185:
2182:Perseus Project
2164:
2163:
2159:
2152:
2144:. p. 311.
2130:
2129:
2125:
2115:
2113:
2104:
2103:
2099:
2089:
2087:
2084:Perseus Project
2066:
2065:
2061:
2051:
2049:
2047:Perseus Project
2037:
2036:
2032:
2022:
2020:
2018:Perseus Project
2008:
2007:
2003:
1989:
1988:
1984:
1977:
1957:
1956:
1949:
1942:
1934:. p. 136.
1920:
1919:
1915:
1901:
1900:
1896:
1886:
1884:
1881:Perseus Project
1863:
1862:
1858:
1848:
1846:
1843:Perseus Project
1825:
1824:
1820:
1813:
1805:. p. 186.
1794:
1793:
1789:
1779:
1777:
1774:Perseus Project
1756:
1755:
1751:
1744:
1736:. p. 124.
1725:
1724:
1720:
1713:
1694:
1693:
1686:
1676:
1674:
1662:
1661:
1642:
1636:
1629:
1627:
1615:
1614:
1603:
1593:
1591:
1589:Perseus Project
1579:
1578:
1571:
1564:
1549:
1548:
1544:
1529:
1510:
1509:
1502:
1498:
1459:Obscene gesture
1408:
1401:
1396:Language portal
1394:
1387:
1380:
1375:
1373:
1366:
1359:
1356:
1291:(also known as
1274:corte de mangas
1236:
1192:
1131:
1128:
1123:
1122:
1074:Super Bowl XLVI
1009:, owner of the
975:Natasha Zvereva
830:
808:as part of the
755:, Czech artist
713:appellate court
664:Peer Steinbrück
559:
524:
507:
491:New York Giants
456:
260:
132:
53:Western culture
39:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5040:
5038:
5030:
5029:
5024:
5019:
5014:
5009:
4999:
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4992:
4991:
4989:
4988:
4983:
4978:
4973:
4968:
4963:
4958:
4952:
4950:
4946:
4945:
4943:
4942:
4937:
4932:
4927:
4922:
4917:
4912:
4907:
4902:
4897:
4892:
4887:
4882:
4877:
4872:
4867:
4862:
4857:
4855:Awkward turtle
4852:
4847:
4842:
4836:
4834:
4833:Other gestures
4830:
4829:
4827:
4826:
4821:
4816:
4810:
4808:
4804:
4803:
4801:
4800:
4795:
4790:
4784:
4782:
4776:
4775:
4773:
4772:
4767:
4762:
4757:
4752:
4747:
4742:
4737:
4732:
4727:
4722:
4720:Bras d'honneur
4717:
4711:
4709:
4703:
4702:
4700:
4699:
4694:
4689:
4683:
4681:
4675:
4674:
4672:
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4666:
4661:
4656:
4651:
4646:
4641:
4635:
4633:
4629:
4628:
4626:
4625:
4620:
4615:
4610:
4605:
4600:
4595:
4590:
4585:
4580:
4575:
4573:Bellamy salute
4569:
4567:
4561:
4560:
4558:
4557:
4552:
4547:
4542:
4537:
4532:
4527:
4522:
4517:
4512:
4507:
4502:
4497:
4492:
4487:
4482:
4477:
4472:
4467:
4462:
4457:
4452:
4447:
4442:
4436:
4434:
4430:
4429:
4427:
4426:
4421:
4416:
4411:
4406:
4401:
4396:
4391:
4386:
4381:
4376:
4371:
4366:
4361:
4356:
4351:
4346:
4341:
4336:
4331:
4326:
4321:
4316:
4311:
4306:
4300:
4298:
4294:
4293:
4288:
4286:
4285:
4278:
4271:
4263:
4257:
4256:
4242:
4230:
4196:
4195:External links
4193:
4192:
4191:
4185:
4166:
4160:
4147:
4142:978-1572487116
4141:
4121:
4118:
4116:
4115:
4093:
4067:
4039:
4010:
3992:
3967:
3942:
3911:
3888:
3870:
3863:
3843:
3831:The New Yorker
3817:
3795:
3764:
3737:
3711:
3697:
3679:
3648:
3618:
3592:
3562:
3534:
3502:
3479:
3465:Slate Magazine
3445:
3438:
3420:
3397:
3375:
3347:
3321:
3296:
3277:
3247:
3222:
3194:
3157:
3131:
3106:
3088:
3060:
3038:
3006:
2977:
2966:. p. 19-A
2948:
2922:
2908:The Miami News
2894:
2874:
2842:
2836:978-0879384951
2835:
2817:
2788:
2755:
2744:on May 7, 2010
2729:
2701:
2675:
2649:
2627:Stu, Russell.
2619:
2600:
2593:
2569:
2562:
2538:
2509:
2502:
2478:
2449:
2420:
2391:
2384:
2357:
2328:
2306:
2281:
2252:
2226:
2219:
2195:
2157:
2150:
2123:
2097:
2059:
2030:
2001:
1982:
1975:
1947:
1940:
1922:Calame, Claude
1913:
1910:. p. 186.
1894:
1856:
1818:
1811:
1787:
1749:
1742:
1718:
1711:
1684:
1640:
1601:
1569:
1562:
1556:. p. 51.
1542:
1527:
1514:American Slang
1499:
1497:
1494:
1493:
1492:
1487:
1481:
1476:
1471:
1466:
1461:
1456:
1451:
1446:
1441:
1436:
1431:
1426:
1420:
1414:
1413:
1399:
1385:
1371:
1368:Society portal
1355:
1352:
1332:o-nee-san-yubi
1320:o-nii-san-yubi
1282:dar uma banana
1269:bras d'honneur
1204:United Kingdom
1191:
1188:
1134:, part of the
1107:, band member
1062:Britney Spears
987:Johnny Manziel
963:Iván Rodríguez
906:Grammy-winning
891:At San Quentin
888:, released as
862:Cobra Starship
829:
826:
822:postage stamps
741:George W. Bush
644:Anthony Weiner
640:George W. Bush
628:Pierre Trudeau
610:protesters in
608:counterculture
558:
555:
523:
520:
506:
503:
468:Desmond Morris
455:
452:
423:Late Antiquity
145:, pictured by
131:
128:
104:ancient Greece
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5039:
5028:
5025:
5023:
5020:
5018:
5015:
5013:
5012:Hand gestures
5010:
5008:
5005:
5004:
5002:
4987:
4986:Sign language
4984:
4982:
4979:
4977:
4974:
4972:
4969:
4967:
4964:
4962:
4959:
4957:
4954:
4953:
4951:
4947:
4941:
4938:
4936:
4933:
4931:
4930:Pollice verso
4928:
4926:
4923:
4921:
4918:
4916:
4913:
4911:
4908:
4906:
4903:
4901:
4898:
4896:
4893:
4891:
4888:
4886:
4883:
4881:
4878:
4876:
4873:
4871:
4868:
4866:
4863:
4861:
4858:
4856:
4853:
4851:
4850:Aussie salute
4848:
4846:
4843:
4841:
4838:
4837:
4835:
4831:
4825:
4822:
4820:
4817:
4815:
4812:
4811:
4809:
4805:
4799:
4796:
4794:
4791:
4789:
4786:
4785:
4783:
4781:
4777:
4771:
4768:
4766:
4763:
4761:
4758:
4756:
4753:
4751:
4748:
4746:
4743:
4741:
4738:
4736:
4733:
4731:
4730:Middle finger
4728:
4726:
4723:
4721:
4718:
4716:
4713:
4712:
4710:
4708:
4704:
4698:
4697:Finger binary
4695:
4693:
4690:
4688:
4685:
4684:
4682:
4680:
4676:
4670:
4667:
4665:
4664:Victory clasp
4662:
4660:
4657:
4655:
4652:
4650:
4647:
4645:
4644:Crossed hands
4642:
4640:
4637:
4636:
4634:
4630:
4624:
4623:Zogist salute
4621:
4619:
4616:
4614:
4613:Vulcan salute
4611:
4609:
4606:
4604:
4601:
4599:
4596:
4594:
4591:
4589:
4586:
4584:
4581:
4579:
4576:
4574:
4571:
4570:
4568:
4566:
4562:
4556:
4553:
4551:
4548:
4546:
4543:
4541:
4538:
4536:
4533:
4531:
4528:
4526:
4523:
4521:
4518:
4516:
4513:
4511:
4508:
4506:
4503:
4501:
4498:
4496:
4493:
4491:
4488:
4486:
4483:
4481:
4478:
4476:
4473:
4471:
4468:
4466:
4465:Fist-and-palm
4463:
4461:
4458:
4456:
4453:
4451:
4448:
4446:
4443:
4441:
4438:
4437:
4435:
4431:
4425:
4422:
4420:
4417:
4415:
4412:
4410:
4407:
4405:
4402:
4400:
4397:
4395:
4392:
4390:
4387:
4385:
4382:
4380:
4377:
4375:
4372:
4370:
4367:
4365:
4362:
4360:
4357:
4355:
4352:
4350:
4349:Forehead kiss
4347:
4345:
4342:
4340:
4337:
4335:
4332:
4330:
4327:
4325:
4322:
4320:
4317:
4315:
4312:
4310:
4307:
4305:
4302:
4301:
4299:
4295:
4291:
4284:
4279:
4277:
4272:
4270:
4265:
4264:
4261:
4253:
4252:
4247:
4243:
4239:
4235:
4231:
4227:
4223:
4219:
4215:
4208:
4206:
4199:
4198:
4194:
4188:
4182:
4178:
4174:
4173:
4167:
4163:
4157:
4154:. Acid Test.
4153:
4148:
4144:
4138:
4134:
4133:
4128:
4124:
4123:
4119:
4103:
4097:
4094:
4082:
4078:
4071:
4068:
4056:
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4050:
4043:
4040:
4027:
4026:
4021:
4014:
4011:
4006:
4002:
3996:
3993:
3988:
3984:
3983:
3978:
3971:
3968:
3956:
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3946:
3943:
3930:
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3922:
3915:
3912:
3907:
3903:
3899:
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3889:
3884:
3880:
3874:
3871:
3866:
3864:9780522857696
3860:
3856:
3855:
3847:
3844:
3832:
3828:
3821:
3818:
3806:
3799:
3796:
3783:
3779:
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3748:
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3721:
3715:
3712:
3707:
3701:
3698:
3693:
3689:
3683:
3680:
3667:
3663:
3662:Sporting News
3659:
3652:
3649:
3636:
3632:
3631:Sporting News
3628:
3622:
3619:
3614:
3610:
3606:
3599:
3597:
3593:
3580:
3576:
3572:
3566:
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3406:
3404:
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3398:
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3361:National Post
3357:
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3325:
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2910:
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2878:
2875:
2871:
2859:
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2846:
2843:
2838:
2832:
2828:
2821:
2818:
2805:
2804:
2799:
2792:
2789:
2781:September 11,
2776:
2772:
2771:
2766:
2759:
2756:
2743:
2739:
2733:
2730:
2718:
2717:
2716:National Post
2712:
2705:
2702:
2689:
2685:
2679:
2676:
2663:
2659:
2653:
2650:
2646:
2639:September 30,
2634:
2630:
2623:
2620:
2615:
2611:
2604:
2601:
2596:
2590:
2586:
2582:
2581:
2573:
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2559:
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2519:
2513:
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2270:
2266:
2262:
2256:
2253:
2240:
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2227:
2222:
2216:
2212:
2208:
2207:
2199:
2196:
2183:
2179:
2175:
2171:
2167:
2161:
2158:
2153:
2147:
2143:
2139:
2138:
2133:
2127:
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2111:
2107:
2101:
2098:
2085:
2081:
2077:
2073:
2069:
2063:
2060:
2048:
2044:
2040:
2034:
2031:
2019:
2015:
2011:
2005:
2002:
1998:. p. 39.
1997:
1993:
1986:
1983:
1978:
1976:0-19-814395-8
1972:
1968:
1964:
1960:
1954:
1952:
1948:
1943:
1937:
1933:
1929:
1928:
1923:
1917:
1914:
1909:
1905:
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1895:
1882:
1878:
1874:
1870:
1866:
1860:
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1844:
1840:
1836:
1832:
1828:
1822:
1819:
1814:
1808:
1804:
1800:
1799:
1791:
1788:
1775:
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1767:
1763:
1759:
1753:
1750:
1745:
1743:9780664222956
1739:
1735:
1731:
1730:
1722:
1719:
1714:
1708:
1705:. p. 6.
1704:
1700:
1699:
1691:
1689:
1685:
1672:
1671:
1666:
1659:
1657:
1655:
1653:
1651:
1649:
1647:
1645:
1641:
1626:. p. 16A
1625:
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1612:
1610:
1608:
1606:
1602:
1590:
1586:
1582:
1576:
1574:
1570:
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1563:9780313399343
1559:
1555:
1554:
1546:
1543:
1538:
1534:
1530:
1524:
1520:
1516:
1515:
1507:
1505:
1501:
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1482:
1480:
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1465:
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1400:
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1383:
1372:
1369:
1363:
1358:
1353:
1351:
1349:
1345:
1341:
1337:
1336:aka-chan-yubi
1333:
1329:
1328:o-kā-san-yubi
1325:
1324:o-tō-san-yubi
1321:
1317:
1312:
1310:
1306:
1302:
1298:
1294:
1290:
1285:
1283:
1279:
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1115:
1112:
1110:
1109:Don Stevenson
1106:
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1100:
1096:
1095:
1090:
1086:
1082:
1078:
1077:Halftime Show
1075:
1071:
1067:
1063:
1059:
1055:
1051:
1050:Ariana Grande
1047:
1043:
1039:
1035:
1030:
1028:
1024:
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1016:
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4807:Head motions
4729:
4588:Roman salute
4475:Genuflection
4445:Añjali Mudrā
4424:Thumb signal
4339:Finger heart
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4054:Daily Mirror
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2062:
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1869:Robert Scott
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4880:Eyelid pull
4814:Head bobble
4745:Nazi salute
4618:Wolf salute
4583:Raised fist
4578:Nazi salute
4530:Prostration
4409:Pinky swear
4334:Eskimo kiss
4246:"Pluck Yew"
4177:Quirk Books
3902:reuters.com
3810:February 6,
3555:November 6,
3491:. Bloomberg
3468:. Slate.com
2806:(in German)
1959:Dover, K.J.
1677:February 7,
1276:(Spanish),
1237: 1330
1216:New Zealand
1166:David Walsh
1159:Ira Robbins
1003:Chub Feeney
955:Virat Kohli
951:Luis Suárez
882:Johnny Cash
870:music video
850:Miloš Zeman
846:David Černý
757:David Černý
753:Miloš Zeman
694:war in Iraq
630:, then the
618:, then the
428:Etymologiae
310:Demosthenes
227:katapygaina
151:Demosthenes
5001:Categories
4915:Laban sign
4910:Jazz hands
4890:Finger gun
4840:Air quotes
4819:Head shake
4545:Schwurhand
4354:Hand heart
4329:Elbow bump
4319:Cheek kiss
4251:Snopes.com
4186:1931686203
4161:1888358122
4081:kotaku.com
4005:google.com
3883:Emojipedia
3692:LetsGoPens
3415:google.com
3074:Daily News
2888:Snopes.com
2694:October 9,
1496:References
1469:Shaka sign
1425:(Fig sign)
1272:(French),
1104:Moby Grape
1099:Moby Grape
1054:Katy Perry
1034:NME Awards
979:Josh Smith
947:Ron Artest
896:Rick Rubin
804:attacked
401:synecdoche
399:, through
236:The Clouds
233:'s comedy
176:apotropaic
89:"fuck you"
57:the finger
5027:Obscenity
4860:Che vuoi?
4692:Chisanbop
4654:High five
4649:Fist pump
4480:Hand-kiss
4414:Pound hug
4369:High five
4364:Hand wave
4359:Handshake
4344:Fist bump
4028:. Bbc.com
3314:April 15,
3270:April 15,
3260:Ukrposhta
3240:April 15,
3187:April 15,
3124:August 1,
2864:August 1,
2400:Petronius
1537:191931926
1301:Indonesia
1243:, former
1212:Australia
1147:euphemism
1129:🖕
1091:'s album
1066:paparazzi
1042:Lady Gaga
1007:Bud Adams
983:Bryan Cox
911:Unchained
901:Billboard
814:Ukrainian
749:Ai Weiwei
747:. Artist
577:USS
551:Luna Park
458:Linguist
378:Satyricon
361:impudicus
316:. In the
223:katapugon
203:κατάπυγον
199:katapygon
172:testicles
159:Athenians
155:demagogue
4925:Pointing
4885:Facepalm
4725:Fig sign
4715:Anasyrma
4659:Low five
4639:Applause
4394:Lip kiss
4379:ILY sign
4314:Applause
4309:Air kiss
4290:Gestures
4129:(2009).
4032:July 11,
4025:BBC News
3906:Archived
3788:July 11,
3782:Archived
3672:July 11,
3641:July 11,
3613:Archived
3527:July 11,
3521:Archived
3495:July 11,
3288:Archived
3264:Archived
3144:BBC News
3020:The Star
2999:July 17,
2970:July 17,
2941:July 17,
2935:The Hour
2915:July 17,
2668:July 17,
2531:July 17,
2471:July 11,
2442:July 11,
2413:July 17,
2368:(1992).
2350:July 17,
2321:July 12,
2299:July 12,
2274:July 17,
2245:July 17,
2188:July 17,
2172:(1940).
2134:(1992).
2116:July 17,
2090:July 17,
2074:(1940).
2052:July 17,
2023:July 11,
1961:(1968).
1887:July 11,
1871:(1940).
1849:July 11,
1833:(1940).
1780:July 11,
1764:(1940).
1594:July 11,
1354:See also
1289:fig sign
1278:manguito
1256:Portugal
1089:Kid Rock
767:In 2017
545:(1928),
533:The Ring
485:for the
480:baseball
414:Priapeia
392:cinaedus
370:digitus
359:digitus
347:evil eye
339:Scotland
324:sophists
291:Siphnian
255:, both "
253:daktylos
241:Socrates
188:evil eye
143:Diogenes
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5007:Fingers
4949:Related
4755:Shocker
4740:Mountza
4735:Mooning
4565:Salutes
4555:Zolgokh
4535:Sampeah
4525:Pranāma
4510:Namaste
4495:Kuji-in
4485:Hat tip
4399:Namaste
3960:July 2,
3778:Reuters
3757:July 9,
3730:May 30,
3585:May 11,
3472:July 9,
3390:July 9,
3368:July 9,
3340:July 9,
3215:May 11,
3150:May 11,
3081:May 11,
3053:July 9,
3031:July 9,
2810:May 16,
2770:CNN.com
2688:Toronto
2518:Juvenal
2458:Martial
2429:Martial
2366:Erasmus
2337:Persius
2132:Erasmus
1630:July 9,
1449:Mountza
1444:Mooning
1229:Henry V
1208:Ireland
1202:In the
1138:block.
1124:U+1F595
1119:Unicode
1038:Madonna
921:Esquire
783:to the
687:of the
679:During
674:Magazin
483:pitcher
419:Priapus
409:Fortuna
397:Juvenal
387:epigram
383:Martial
372:infamis
366:Persius
343:Silenus
287:Erasmus
205:, from
168:phallus
157:of the
112:phallus
63:(as in
4976:Mudras
4788:Akanbe
4780:Taunts
4770:Wanker
4669:V sign
4540:Sembah
4490:Kowtow
4460:Curtsy
4226:982405
4224:
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2833:
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2217:
2148:
1973:
1938:
1809:
1740:
1709:
1560:
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1525:
1490:Wanker
1484:V sign
1305:Turkey
1264:France
1260:Brazil
1220:V sign
1218:, the
1126:
1079:. The
1070:M.I.A.
1056:, and
1046:Eminem
999:umpire
985:, and
935:Speedy
908:album
838:Vltava
812:. The
801:Moskva
683:, the
579:Pueblo
570:Moskva
542:Speedy
511:Quebec
505:Canada
314:Athens
282:Adagia
257:finger
249:dactyl
219:insult
184:finger
147:Gérôme
124:testes
73:finger
69:middle
59:", or
32:Finger
4935:Shrug
4793:Loser
4520:Orans
4515:Ojigi
4505:Mudra
4470:Gadaw
4419:Shaka
4374:Hongi
4304:Aegyo
4210:(pdf)
3181:(PDF)
3170:(PDF)
2854:(PDF)
2180:(via
2082:(via
1908:Brill
1879:(via
1841:(via
1772:(via
1673:. BBC
1423:Dulya
1309:China
1297:shish
1252:Spain
1058:Adele
777:viral
588:shaka
421:. In
355:Latin
270:Peace
195:Greek
116:index
4500:Mano
4440:Adab
4384:Kiss
4222:SSRN
4181:ISBN
4156:ISBN
4137:ISBN
4110:2021
4088:2021
4062:2021
4034:2012
3962:2015
3937:2018
3859:ISBN
3838:2012
3812:2012
3790:2012
3759:2012
3732:2016
3674:2012
3643:2012
3587:2023
3557:2023
3529:2012
3497:2012
3474:2012
3434:ISBN
3392:2012
3370:2012
3342:2012
3316:2022
3272:2022
3242:2022
3217:2023
3189:2017
3152:2023
3126:2012
3083:2023
3055:2012
3033:2012
3001:2012
2972:2012
2943:2012
2917:2012
2866:2012
2831:ISBN
2812:2018
2783:2013
2750:2019
2724:2021
2696:2015
2670:2012
2641:2010
2614:CP24
2589:ISBN
2558:ISBN
2533:2012
2498:ISBN
2473:2012
2444:2012
2415:2012
2380:ISBN
2352:2012
2323:2018
2301:2018
2276:2012
2247:2012
2215:ISBN
2190:2012
2146:ISBN
2118:2012
2092:2012
2054:2012
2025:2012
1971:ISBN
1936:ISBN
1889:2012
1851:2012
1807:ISBN
1782:2012
1738:ISBN
1707:ISBN
1679:2012
1632:2012
1596:2012
1558:ISBN
1533:OCLC
1523:ISBN
1307:and
1262:and
1214:and
1032:The
787:for
650:for
478:, a
405:nail
295:Suda
276:Suda
211:pugē
207:kata
138:The
120:ring
118:and
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4550:Wai
4450:Bow
4324:Dap
3309:WSJ
3235:WSJ
3209:CNN
2885:at
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1350:).
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1295:or
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1121:as
1085:NBC
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