125:
105:
501:
genes, including seven genes specific for meiosis, were found to be conserved in the genomes of four Glomus species. Thus it now appears that these supposedly ancient asexual fungi may be capable of meiosis and perhaps also of a cryptic sexual or parasexual cycle.
657:
Sébastien Halary, Shehre-Banoo Malik, Levannia
Lildhar, Claudio H. Slamovits, Mohamed Hijri, Nicolas Corradi, Conserved Meiotic Machinery in Glomus spp., a Putatively Ancient Asexual Fungal Lineage, Genome Biology and Evolution, Volume 3, 2011, Pages 950–958,
514:
upon which this order level name is based, was incorrectly spelled 'Glomaceae', hence the order name was incorrectly spelled 'Glomales'. Both are correctable errors, to
1858:
689:
1910:
1767:
519:
1832:
1871:
682:
602:
1946:
730:
725:
1876:
1897:
809:
799:
782:
675:
489:
Glomerales fungi were thought to have reproduced clonally for several hundred million years and are therefore an ancient
619:
124:
1915:
377:
370:
363:
302:
208:
1382:
391:
339:
215:
1589:
1239:
1197:
1156:
814:
384:
316:
309:
278:
262:
1979:
1720:
1455:
1189:
973:
348:
1387:
1357:
1249:
1015:
238:
1334:
1244:
996:
983:
965:
777:
706:
667:
450:
270:
222:
1475:
1026:
1362:
1951:
1925:
1793:
1622:
1569:
1128:
991:
490:
356:
288:
1824:
845:
1974:
1599:
1574:
1372:
1324:
1314:
1115:
1054:
1049:
1513:
1021:
325:
1675:
1627:
1614:
1594:
1579:
1559:
1508:
1367:
1179:
1151:
1105:
1041:
794:
772:
760:
735:
494:
403:
332:
295:
245:
119:
1933:
1780:
1642:
1637:
1632:
1584:
1435:
1285:
1171:
1097:
804:
767:
755:
745:
598:
1938:
1863:
1704:
1551:
1498:
1440:
1349:
1306:
1277:
1161:
1123:
1031:
719:
635:
1758:
1680:
1670:
1652:
1604:
1518:
1470:
1460:
1450:
1377:
1339:
1215:
1138:
1006:
922:
892:
887:
231:
473:, but have been found through molecular sequencing data, to be a closer relation to the
1819:
1665:
1660:
1485:
1465:
1445:
1427:
1412:
1397:
1254:
1146:
1087:
750:
1968:
1772:
1536:
1503:
1493:
1417:
1230:
1220:
1079:
855:
458:
431:
201:
166:
156:
62:
1564:
1329:
1207:
837:
470:
254:
1785:
551:
J.B. Morton (1990). "Revised classification of the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (
1902:
1845:
1752:
897:
698:
515:
511:
193:
37:
1295:
1068:
639:
478:
454:
453:
method of nutrient exchange with plants. They produce large (.1-.5mm) spores (
446:
443:
82:
47:
1743:
1806:
424:
136:
104:
87:
31:
1884:
1737:
1319:
953:
944:
930:
789:
531:
77:
72:
57:
52:
42:
1541:
1268:
498:
474:
92:
67:
1850:
702:
659:
146:
1889:
1837:
1714:
1811:
469:
All members of their phylum were once thought to be related to the
427:
1718:
671:
1798:
522:. The incorrect spellings are commonplace in the literature.
593:
C.J. Alexopolous, C.W. Mims & M. Blackwell (2004).
1727:
1651:
1613:
1550:
1535:
1484:
1426:
1405:
1396:
1348:
1305:
1294:
1276:
1267:
1229:
1206:
1188:
1170:
1137:
1114:
1096:
1078:
1067:
1040:
1005:
982:
964:
952:
943:
921:
914:
880:
854:
836:
829:
597:(4th ed.). Hoboken NJ: John Wiley and Sons.
683:
8:
653:
651:
649:
520:International Code of Botanical Nomenclature
1715:
1547:
1402:
1302:
1273:
1075:
961:
949:
918:
860:
833:
690:
676:
668:
618:A. Schüßler; et al. (December 2001).
477:. Their fossil record extends back to the
103:
20:
543:
588:
586:
7:
1926:8775f4bf-ccf9-433e-a8bd-442fbaff94e8
518:and Glomerales, as governed by the
660:https://doi.org/10.1093/gbe/evr089
14:
481:period (460 million years ago).
123:
1:
461:) with thousands of nuclei.
1996:
624:: phylogeny and evolution"
620:"A new fungal phylum, the
378:Claroideoglomus etunicatum
371:Claroideoglomus drummondii
364:Claroideoglomus claroideum
1701:
863:
713:
640:10.1017/S0953756201005196
409:
402:
191:
186:
120:Scientific classification
118:
111:
102:
23:
567:, with an emendation of
303:Rhizophagus intraradices
209:Funneliformis caledonius
181:Morton & Benny, 1990
1590:Cryptomycocolacomycetes
1383:Sporopachydermiomycetes
1198:Calcarisporiellomycetes
392:Claroideoglomus walkeri
340:Septoglomus constrictum
310:Rhizophagus irregularis
216:Funneliformis coronatus
1240:Palaeovesiarbusmycetes
1190:Calcarisporiellomycota
1157:Ramicandelaberomycetes
974:Neocallimastigomycetes
451:arbuscular mycorrhizal
385:Claroideoglomus luteum
317:Rhizophagus proliferus
279:Palaeoglomus strotheri
263:Palaeoglomus boullardi
1707:(polyphyletic group).
1335:Schizosaccharomycetes
997:Monoblepharidomycetes
966:Neocallimastigomycota
595:Introductory Mycology
223:Funneliformis mosseae
1623:Peribolosporomycetes
1570:Agaricostilbomycetes
1456:Collemopsidiomycetes
1330:Pneumocystidomycetes
1129:Entomophthoromycetes
992:Hyaloraphidiomycetes
873:Paramicrosporidiales
559:, two new families,
442:These fungi are all
349:Claroideoglomeraceae
187:Families and genera
1600:Spiculogloeomycetes
1575:Cystobasidiomycetes
1388:Trigonopsidomycetes
1358:Alloascoideomycetes
1315:Archaeorhizomycetes
1250:Archaeosporomycetes
1116:Entomophthoromycota
1055:Blastocladiomycetes
1050:Physodermatomycetes
1016:Caulochytriomycetes
856:Microsporidiomycota
493:lineage. However,
239:Glomus cerebriforme
1676:Bartheletiomycetes
1628:Monilielliomycetes
1615:Ustilaginomycotina
1595:Atractiellomycetes
1580:Microbotryomycetes
1560:Tritirachiomycetes
1509:Laboulbeniomycetes
1245:Paraglomeromycetes
1180:Mortierellomycetes
1152:Dimargaritomycetes
1106:Basidiobolomycetes
1042:Blastocladiomycota
984:Monoblepharomycota
449:. Most employ the
430:within the phylum
296:Rhizophagus clarus
271:Palaeoglomus grayi
246:Glomus macrocarpum
1962:
1961:
1934:Open Tree of Life
1721:Taxon identifiers
1712:
1711:
1697:
1696:
1693:
1692:
1689:
1688:
1643:Exobasidiomycetes
1638:Ustilaginomycetes
1633:Malasseziomycetes
1585:Classiculomycetes
1531:
1530:
1527:
1526:
1476:Xylobotryomycetes
1436:Candelariomycetes
1286:Entorrhizomycetes
1263:
1262:
1172:Mortierellomycota
1098:Basidiobolomycota
1063:
1062:
1027:Sanchytriomycetes
939:
938:
910:
909:
906:
905:
634:(12): 1413–1421.
418:
417:
182:
1987:
1955:
1954:
1942:
1941:
1929:
1928:
1919:
1918:
1906:
1905:
1903:BMSSYS0000045802
1893:
1892:
1880:
1879:
1867:
1866:
1854:
1853:
1841:
1840:
1828:
1827:
1815:
1814:
1802:
1801:
1789:
1788:
1776:
1775:
1763:
1762:
1761:
1748:
1747:
1746:
1716:
1705:fungi imperfecti
1552:Pucciniomycotina
1548:
1499:Geoglossomycetes
1441:Coniocybomycetes
1403:
1363:Dipodascomycetes
1350:Saccharomycotina
1307:Taphrinomycotina
1303:
1278:Entorrhizomycota
1274:
1162:Kickxellomycetes
1124:Neozygitomycetes
1076:
1032:Chytridiomycetes
962:
950:
919:
861:
834:
742:
722:
705:classification,
692:
685:
678:
669:
662:
655:
644:
643:
615:
609:
608:
590:
581:
580:
555:): a new order,
548:
510:The family name
180:
128:
127:
107:
97:
34:
27:Temporal range:
21:
1995:
1994:
1990:
1989:
1988:
1986:
1985:
1984:
1965:
1964:
1963:
1958:
1950:
1945:
1937:
1932:
1924:
1922:
1914:
1909:
1901:
1896:
1888:
1883:
1875:
1870:
1862:
1857:
1849:
1844:
1836:
1831:
1823:
1818:
1810:
1805:
1797:
1792:
1784:
1779:
1771:
1766:
1757:
1756:
1751:
1742:
1741:
1736:
1723:
1713:
1708:
1685:
1681:Tremellomycetes
1671:Wallemiomycetes
1653:Agaricomycotina
1647:
1609:
1605:Pucciniomycetes
1539:
1523:
1519:Sordariomycetes
1480:
1471:Lecanoromycetes
1461:Dothideomycetes
1451:Arthoniomycetes
1422:
1392:
1378:Saccharomycetes
1344:
1340:Taphrinomycetes
1320:Neolectomycetes
1298:
1290:
1259:
1225:
1216:Endogonomycetes
1202:
1184:
1166:
1139:Kickxellomycota
1133:
1110:
1092:
1071:
1059:
1036:
1007:Chytridiomycota
1001:
978:
957:
935:
923:Aphelidiomycota
915:Aphelidiomyceta
902:
893:Metchnikovellea
888:Chytridiopsidea
876:
867:Morellosporales
850:
825:
824:
740:
718:
709:
696:
666:
665:
656:
647:
617:
616:
612:
605:
592:
591:
584:
561:Acaulosporaceae
550:
549:
545:
540:
528:
508:
487:
467:
440:
423:is an order of
357:Claroideoglomus
351:
196:
179:
122:
98:
96:
95:
90:
85:
80:
75:
70:
65:
60:
55:
50:
45:
40:
29:
28:
25:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1993:
1991:
1983:
1982:
1977:
1967:
1966:
1960:
1959:
1957:
1956:
1943:
1930:
1920:
1907:
1894:
1881:
1868:
1855:
1842:
1829:
1816:
1803:
1790:
1777:
1764:
1749:
1733:
1731:
1725:
1724:
1719:
1710:
1709:
1702:
1699:
1698:
1695:
1694:
1691:
1690:
1687:
1686:
1684:
1683:
1678:
1673:
1668:
1666:Agaricomycetes
1663:
1661:Dacrymycetales
1657:
1655:
1649:
1648:
1646:
1645:
1640:
1635:
1630:
1625:
1619:
1617:
1611:
1610:
1608:
1607:
1602:
1597:
1592:
1587:
1582:
1577:
1572:
1567:
1562:
1556:
1554:
1545:
1533:
1532:
1529:
1528:
1525:
1524:
1522:
1521:
1516:
1511:
1506:
1501:
1496:
1490:
1488:
1486:Sordariomyceta
1482:
1481:
1479:
1478:
1473:
1468:
1466:Eurotiomycetes
1463:
1458:
1453:
1448:
1446:Lichinomycetes
1443:
1438:
1432:
1430:
1428:Dothideomyceta
1424:
1423:
1421:
1420:
1415:
1413:Orbiliomycetes
1409:
1407:
1400:
1398:Pezizomycotina
1394:
1393:
1391:
1390:
1385:
1380:
1375:
1370:
1365:
1360:
1354:
1352:
1346:
1345:
1343:
1342:
1337:
1332:
1327:
1322:
1317:
1311:
1309:
1300:
1292:
1291:
1289:
1288:
1282:
1280:
1271:
1265:
1264:
1261:
1260:
1258:
1257:
1255:Glomeromycetes
1252:
1247:
1242:
1235:
1233:
1227:
1226:
1224:
1223:
1218:
1212:
1210:
1204:
1203:
1201:
1200:
1194:
1192:
1186:
1185:
1183:
1182:
1176:
1174:
1168:
1167:
1165:
1164:
1159:
1154:
1149:
1147:Zoopagomycetes
1143:
1141:
1135:
1134:
1132:
1131:
1126:
1120:
1118:
1112:
1111:
1109:
1108:
1102:
1100:
1094:
1093:
1091:
1090:
1088:Olpidiomycetes
1084:
1082:
1073:
1072:(paraphyletic)
1065:
1064:
1061:
1060:
1058:
1057:
1052:
1046:
1044:
1038:
1037:
1035:
1034:
1029:
1024:
1018:
1011:
1009:
1003:
1002:
1000:
999:
994:
988:
986:
980:
979:
977:
976:
970:
968:
959:
958:(paraphyletic)
947:
941:
940:
937:
936:
934:
933:
927:
925:
916:
912:
911:
908:
907:
904:
903:
901:
900:
895:
890:
884:
882:
878:
877:
875:
874:
871:
870:Nucleophagales
868:
864:
858:
852:
851:
849:
848:
846:Rozellomycetes
842:
840:
831:
827:
826:
823:
822:
821:
820:
819:
818:
815:Mesomycetozoea
812:
807:
797:
787:
786:
785:
780:
775:
770:
765:
764:
763:
751:Diaphoretickes
748:
743:
738:
733:
728:
723:
715:
714:
711:
710:
697:
695:
694:
687:
680:
672:
664:
663:
645:
610:
603:
582:
542:
541:
539:
536:
535:
534:
527:
524:
507:
504:
486:
483:
466:
463:
459:chlamydospores
439:
436:
416:
415:
407:
406:
400:
399:
398:
397:
396:
395:
388:
381:
374:
367:
346:
345:
344:
343:
329:
322:
321:
320:
313:
306:
299:
285:
284:
283:
275:
267:
251:
250:
249:
242:
228:
227:
226:
219:
212:
189:
188:
184:
183:
174:
170:
169:
167:Glomeromycetes
164:
160:
159:
154:
150:
149:
144:
140:
139:
134:
130:
129:
116:
115:
113:Glomus mosseae
109:
108:
100:
99:
91:
86:
81:
76:
71:
66:
61:
56:
51:
46:
41:
36:
35:
26:
16:Order of fungi
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1992:
1981:
1980:Fungus orders
1978:
1976:
1973:
1972:
1970:
1953:
1948:
1944:
1940:
1935:
1931:
1927:
1921:
1917:
1912:
1908:
1904:
1899:
1895:
1891:
1886:
1882:
1878:
1873:
1869:
1865:
1860:
1856:
1852:
1847:
1843:
1839:
1834:
1830:
1826:
1821:
1817:
1813:
1808:
1804:
1800:
1795:
1791:
1787:
1782:
1778:
1774:
1769:
1765:
1760:
1754:
1750:
1745:
1739:
1735:
1734:
1732:
1730:
1726:
1722:
1717:
1706:
1700:
1682:
1679:
1677:
1674:
1672:
1669:
1667:
1664:
1662:
1659:
1658:
1656:
1654:
1650:
1644:
1641:
1639:
1636:
1634:
1631:
1629:
1626:
1624:
1621:
1620:
1618:
1616:
1612:
1606:
1603:
1601:
1598:
1596:
1593:
1591:
1588:
1586:
1583:
1581:
1578:
1576:
1573:
1571:
1568:
1566:
1563:
1561:
1558:
1557:
1555:
1553:
1549:
1546:
1543:
1538:
1537:Basidiomycota
1534:
1520:
1517:
1515:
1512:
1510:
1507:
1505:
1504:Leotiomycetes
1502:
1500:
1497:
1495:
1494:Xylonomycetes
1492:
1491:
1489:
1487:
1483:
1477:
1474:
1472:
1469:
1467:
1464:
1462:
1459:
1457:
1454:
1452:
1449:
1447:
1444:
1442:
1439:
1437:
1434:
1433:
1431:
1429:
1425:
1419:
1418:Pezizomycetes
1416:
1414:
1411:
1410:
1408:
1404:
1401:
1399:
1395:
1389:
1386:
1384:
1381:
1379:
1376:
1374:
1373:Pichiomycetes
1371:
1369:
1366:
1364:
1361:
1359:
1356:
1355:
1353:
1351:
1347:
1341:
1338:
1336:
1333:
1331:
1328:
1326:
1325:Novakomycetes
1323:
1321:
1318:
1316:
1313:
1312:
1310:
1308:
1304:
1301:
1297:
1293:
1287:
1284:
1283:
1281:
1279:
1275:
1272:
1270:
1266:
1256:
1253:
1251:
1248:
1246:
1243:
1241:
1237:
1236:
1234:
1232:
1231:Glomeromycota
1228:
1222:
1221:Mucoromycetes
1219:
1217:
1214:
1213:
1211:
1209:
1205:
1199:
1196:
1195:
1193:
1191:
1187:
1181:
1178:
1177:
1175:
1173:
1169:
1163:
1160:
1158:
1155:
1153:
1150:
1148:
1145:
1144:
1142:
1140:
1136:
1130:
1127:
1125:
1122:
1121:
1119:
1117:
1113:
1107:
1104:
1103:
1101:
1099:
1095:
1089:
1086:
1085:
1083:
1081:
1080:Olpidiomycota
1077:
1074:
1070:
1066:
1056:
1053:
1051:
1048:
1047:
1045:
1043:
1039:
1033:
1030:
1028:
1025:
1023:
1019:
1017:
1013:
1012:
1010:
1008:
1004:
998:
995:
993:
990:
989:
987:
985:
981:
975:
972:
971:
969:
967:
963:
960:
955:
951:
948:
946:
942:
932:
929:
928:
926:
924:
920:
917:
913:
899:
896:
894:
891:
889:
886:
885:
883:
881:Microsporidia
879:
872:
869:
866:
865:
862:
859:
857:
853:
847:
844:
843:
841:
839:
838:Rozellomycota
835:
832:
830:Rozellomyceta
828:
816:
813:
811:
808:
806:
803:
802:
801:
798:
796:
793:
792:
791:
788:
784:
781:
779:
778:Stramenopiles
776:
774:
771:
769:
766:
762:
759:
758:
757:
754:
753:
752:
749:
747:
744:
741:(major groups
739:
737:
734:
732:
729:
727:
724:
721:
717:
716:
712:
708:
707:fungal orders
704:
700:
693:
688:
686:
681:
679:
674:
673:
670:
661:
654:
652:
650:
646:
641:
637:
633:
629:
625:
623:
622:Glomeromycota
614:
611:
606:
604:0-471-52229-5
600:
596:
589:
587:
583:
578:
574:
570:
566:
565:Gigasporaceae
562:
558:
554:
547:
544:
537:
533:
530:
529:
525:
523:
521:
517:
513:
505:
503:
500:
496:
492:
484:
482:
480:
476:
472:
464:
462:
460:
456:
452:
448:
445:
437:
435:
433:
432:Glomeromycota
429:
426:
422:
414:
413:
408:
405:
401:
394:
393:
389:
387:
386:
382:
380:
379:
375:
373:
372:
368:
366:
365:
361:
360:
359:
358:
354:
353:
352:
350:
342:
341:
337:
336:
335:
334:
330:
328:
327:
323:
319:
318:
314:
312:
311:
307:
305:
304:
300:
298:
297:
293:
292:
291:
290:
286:
281:
280:
276:
273:
272:
268:
265:
264:
260:
259:
257:
256:
252:
248:
247:
243:
241:
240:
236:
235:
234:
233:
229:
225:
224:
220:
218:
217:
213:
211:
210:
206:
205:
204:
203:
202:Funneliformis
199:
198:
197:
195:
190:
185:
178:
175:
172:
171:
168:
165:
162:
161:
158:
157:Glomeromycota
155:
152:
151:
148:
145:
142:
141:
138:
135:
132:
131:
126:
121:
117:
114:
110:
106:
101:
94:
89:
84:
79:
74:
69:
64:
59:
54:
49:
44:
39:
33:
22:
19:
1728:
1565:Mixiomycetes
1514:Sareomycetes
1208:Mucoromycota
1022:Coenomycetes
800:Opisthokonta
631:
627:
621:
613:
594:
576:
572:
568:
564:
560:
556:
552:
546:
509:
488:
471:Endogonaceae
468:
441:
420:
419:
411:
410:
390:
383:
376:
369:
362:
355:
347:
338:
331:
326:Sclerocystis
324:
315:
308:
301:
294:
287:
277:
269:
261:
255:Palaeoglomus
253:
244:
237:
230:
221:
214:
207:
200:
192:
176:
112:
18:
1846:iNaturalist
1753:Wikispecies
1368:Lipomycetes
1299:(sac fungi)
898:Microsporea
699:Opisthokont
553:Zycomycetes
516:Glomeraceae
512:Glomeraceae
506:Orthography
455:azygospores
333:Septoglomus
289:Rhizophagus
194:Glomeraceae
30:460–0
1975:Glomerales
1969:Categories
1759:Glomerales
1729:Glomerales
1703:See also:
1296:Ascomycota
1069:Zygomycota
703:True fungi
628:Mycol. Res
538:References
479:Ordovician
447:mutualists
444:biotrophic
421:Glomerales
177:Glomerales
153:Division:
24:Glomerales
954:Zoosporic
931:Aphelidea
795:Amoebozoa
773:Alveolata
761:Cryptista
736:Eukaryota
573:Mycotaxon
569:Glomaceae
465:Phylogeny
425:symbiotic
143:Kingdom:
137:Eukaryota
1885:MycoBank
1820:Fungorum
1773:60013268
1768:AusFungi
1738:Wikidata
945:Eumycota
790:Amorphea
768:Rhizaria
756:Hacrobia
746:Excavata
731:Bacteria
557:Glomales
532:Glomalin
526:See also
495:homologs
412:Glomales
404:Synonyms
133:Domain:
1744:Q596196
1542:basidia
1269:Dikarya
805:Animals
726:Archaea
499:meiotic
491:asexual
485:Meiosis
475:Dikarya
438:Biology
173:Order:
163:Class:
1952:988498
1939:157948
1923:NZOR:
1877:936424
1851:152603
1812:1GLMRO
1540:(with
783:Plants
720:Domain
601:
579:: 473.
497:of 51
232:Glomus
1947:WoRMS
1916:36750
1890:90425
1864:10354
1859:IRMNG
1825:90425
1406:Other
956:fungi
810:Fungi
428:fungi
147:Fungi
1911:NCBI
1872:ITIS
1838:1148
1833:GBIF
1807:EPPO
1799:6365
599:ISBN
563:and
457:and
38:PreꞒ
1898:NBN
1794:EoL
1786:39Y
1781:CoL
636:doi
632:105
571:".
1971::
1949::
1936::
1913::
1900::
1887::
1874::
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1848::
1835::
1822::
1809::
1796::
1783::
1770::
1755::
1740::
701::
648:^
630:.
626:.
585:^
577:37
575:.
434:.
258:↑
88:Pg
32:Ma
1544:)
1238:†
1020:?
1014:?
817:)
691:e
684:t
677:v
642:.
638::
607:.
282:†
274:†
266:↑
93:N
83:K
78:J
73:T
68:P
63:C
58:D
53:S
48:O
43:Ꞓ
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