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breaks off, the wind pushes the surface buoy through the water, creating erroneous current observations. A tether strain gauge has been added to monitor tension of the buoy-drogue connection to resolve this issue. The original drifters are heavy, bulky (40 cm diameter), and expensive relative to the newer "mini" drifters that are smaller, (30.5 cm diameter) cheaper, and lighter because the hull contains fewer batteries. The surface float contains alkaline batteries, a satellite transmitter, a thermistor for sub-skin sea surface temperature, and sometimes other instruments that measure pressure, wind speed and direction, or salinity.
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193:, supervises the industry, purchases and fabricates most drifters, and develops enhanced data sets. The third component is the manufacturers in private industry, who build drifters according to specifications. The GDP collaborates with partners from numerous countries including Argentina, Australia, Brazil, Canada, France, India, Italy, Republic of Korea, Mexico, New Zealand, South Africa, Spain, United Kingdom, and the United States.
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The drifters are deployed from research vessels, volunteer ships, and through air deployment. They typically transmit their data hourly and had an average lifetime of ~485 days in 2001. Presently, enough data is gathered to observe currents at a horizontal resolution of one degree (~100 km).
339:
Lumpkin, R. and M. Pazos, 2006: Measuring surface currents with
Surface Velocity Program drifters: the instrument, its data, and some recent results. Chapter two of Lagrangian Analysis and Prediction of Coastal and Ocean Dynamics (LAPCOD) ed. A. Griffa, A. D. Kirwan, A. J. Mariano, T. Ozgokmen, and
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SVP project drifter deployments began in 1979; the design continued to develop until reaching its current form in 1992. Each drifter consists of a spherical surface buoy tethered to a weighted nylon drogue that allows it to track the horizontal motion of water at a depth of 15 meters. If the drogue
189:. The Lagrangian Drifter Laboratory at the Scripps Institution of Oceanography (SIO) leads the engineering aspects of the Lagrangian drifter technology, improves the existing designs, develops new drifters, manages the real-time data stream, including posting the drifter data to the
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Global Ocean
Observations and a scientific project of the Data Buoy Cooperation Panel (DBCP). The project originated in February 1979 as part of the TOGA/Equatorial Pacific Ocean Circulation Experiment (EPOCS) and the first large-scale deployment of
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Zhurbas, Victor, and Im Sang Oh. "Lateral diffusivity and
Lagrangian scales in the Pacific Ocean as derived from drifter data." Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans (1978–2012) 108.C5 (2003).
78:'s surface circulation. The current goal of the project is to use 1250 satellite-tracked surface drifting buoys to make accurate and globally dense in-situ observations of mixed layer currents,
165:, where students from the Congressional School of Virginia and Elsies River High School in South Africa adopted the drifter and will be tracking its passage through the South Atlantic.
178:(AOML) manages deployments, processes and archives the data, maintains META files describing each drifter deployed, develops and distributes data-based products, and updates the
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Large, William G., et al. "Equatorial circulation of a global ocean climate model with anisotropic horizontal viscosity." Journal of
Physical Oceanography 31.2 (2001): 518-536.
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to derive maps of lateral diffusivity and
Lagrangian length- and time-scales across the Pacific. Other uses include studies of plastic accumulation the ocean, and
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This is a snapshot of the distribution of the drifters in the GDP. (A live tracking update of drifter locations is available through Google Earth at
212:"A Global Ocean Observing System for Measuring Sea Level Atmospheric Pressure: Effects and Impacts on Numerical Weather Prediction"
94:, and to create a system to process the data. Horizontal transports in the oceanic mixed layer measured by the GDP are relevant to
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Law, Kara
Lavender, et al. "Plastic accumulation in the North Atlantic subtropical gyre." Science 329.5996 (2010): 1185-1188.
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Nobel
Laureate Desmond Tutu and Captain Jeremy Kingston deploy a drifter off of the coast of South Africa in the
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Grodsky, Semyon A., Rick
Lumpkin, and James A. Carton. "Spurious trends in global surface drifter currents."
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65:. It is the principal component of the Global Surface Drifting Buoy Array, a branch of
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Program measuring ocean currents, temperatures and atmospheric pressure using drifters
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models that simulate equatorial ocean currents, as well as many others.
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This is a picture of the drifters used in the GDP (photo by GDP).
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The GDP consists of three components. The component at NOAA's
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57:, with the objective of collecting measurements of surface
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74:was in 1988 with the goal of mapping the tropical
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122:SVP buoy fitted with a barometer (photo by DBi)
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146:The data from the GDP have been used by
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244:"Global Ocean Observing System (GOOS)"
210:Centurioni, Luca; et al. (2016).
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269:"Data Buoy Cooperation Panel (DBCP)"
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422:from the original on 2020-07-30
398:"PhOD - Global Drifter Program"
309:from the original on 2013-12-15
303:"PhOD - Global Drifter Program"
250:from the original on 2013-12-11
191:Global Telecommunication System
170:Organization and collaborators
138:with the name of the drifter.
1:
358:Geophysical Research Letters
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229:10.1175/BAMS-D-15-00080.1
412:"Lagrangian Drifter Lab"
216:Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc
163:Semester at Sea program
127:Single drifters can be
80:sea surface temperature
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51:Global Drifter Program
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84:atmospheric pressure
185:2013-12-15 at the
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134:2013-12-15 at the
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148:oceanographers
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59:ocean currents
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424:. Retrieved
416:gdp.ucsd.edu
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311:. Retrieved
277:. Retrieved
273:the original
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252:. Retrieved
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142:Applications
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55:Peter Niiler
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180:GDP website
426:2017-04-07
340:T. Rossby.
313:2013-12-05
279:2013-12-05
254:2013-12-05
197:References
96:biological
441:Category
420:Archived
307:Archived
248:Archived
183:Archived
132:Archived
102:Drifters
92:salinity
72:drifters
63:drifters
129:tracked
67:NOAA's
88:winds
40:_maps
34:/phod
30:.noaa
28:.aoml
90:and
49:The
42:.php
38:/gdp
36:/dac
32:.gov
224:doi
26:www
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