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Civil society

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issues, and approaches to creating meaningful change in communities. Professors Carew E. Boulding and Jami Nelson-NĂșñez assert that civil society organizations are beneficial in that citizens are more inclined to participate politically when they can act collectively and develop associative solidarities with others around shared policy preferences. Other scholars, however, note that there are some drawbacks of civil society organizations as it pertains to political participation and policy processes. Professor Thomas Carothers have explained that, because civil society organizations have such an influential role in political participation, the proliferation of these organizations has made it increasingly difficult for governments to meet both the widening range of policy preferences and rapidly changing social needs. The scholar David Rieff discusses another issue tied to civil society and political participation: single-issue activism. Since most civil society organizations focus on one sector or societal issue, this sometimes causes voters to shift their attention away from the multifaceted broad issues facing society, such as the challenges of globalization, and instead the focus of elections becomes centered on a few specific hot-button topics, such as abortion.
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powerful society. In Locke's view, human beings led also an unpeaceful life in the state of nature. However, it could be maintained at the sub-optimal level in the absence of a sufficient system (Brown 2001:73). From that major concern, people gathered together to sign a contract and constituted a common public authority. Nevertheless, Locke held that the consolidation of political power can be turned into autocracy, if it is not brought under reliable restrictions (Kaviraj 2001:291). Therefore, Locke set forth two treaties on government with reciprocal obligations. In the first treaty, people submit themselves to the common public authority. This authority has the power to enact and maintain laws. The second treaty contains the limitations of authority, i. e., the state has no power to threaten the basic rights of human beings. As far as Locke was concerned, the basic rights of human beings are the preservation of life, liberty and property. Moreover, he held that the state must operate within the bounds of civil and natural laws.
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capitalist society, there are some institutions that were part of political society. Transformations in economy brought transformations to the public sphere. Though these transformations happen, a civil society develops into political society when it emerges as non-economic and has a populous aspect, and when the state is not represented by just one political party. There needs to be a locus of authority, and this is where society can begin to challenge authority. Jillian Schwedler points out that civil society emerges with the resurrection of the public sphere when individuals and groups begin to challenge boundaries of permissible behaviour – for example, by speaking out against the regime or demanding a government response to social needs – civil society begins to take shape.
3385:. The political discourse in the classical period, places importance on the idea of a ‘good society’ in ensuring peace and order among the people. The philosophers in the classical period did not make any distinction between the state and society. Rather they held that the state represented the civil form of society and ‘civility’ represented the requirement of good citizenship. Moreover, they held that human beings are inherently rational so that they can collectively shape the nature of the society they belong to. In addition, human beings have the capacity to voluntarily gather for the common cause and maintain peace in society. By holding this view, we can say that classical political thinkers endorsed the genesis of civil society in its original sense. 1795:
helping it fuel social causes while constraining the un-democratic consolidation of power. Others, such as David Rieff, point out that the U.S. government is more financially equipped to work on social causes than civil societies like NGOs, who prove inadequate due to their lack of relative strength. Research by Harvard professor Theda Skocpol indicates that though civil societies have brought more democracy to America, the shift from large unions and organizations to smaller movements targeting specific political issues is less likely to spurn large-scale participation in democracy. Galston and Levine state these new civil societies have proved to be less likely to engage in the political process and more likely to bring social activism.
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demonstrated greater “political sophistication, social trust, political participation, and ‘subjective civic competence’” than those not involved in these organizations. Similarly, Dr. Sheri Berman found that the NSDAP (Nazi Party) civil society organization leveraged strong civil society networks among the middle class together for the purpose of mobilizing for political participation in Germany. The powerful influence of these efforts is evidenced by the NSDAP becoming the most potent political force in the nation in the mid-1900s. These case studies provide evidence of the crucial role of social networks in facilitating political participation and civic engagement.
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of collective action; individuals with dense social networks are more likely to credibly commit to other members of society and leverage their social capital to build public goods. In turn, countries with strong civil societies are more likely to succeed as democracies. Some scholars have built on Putnam’s claim and argued that the participation of a specific type of civil society organization—non-political organizations rooted in quotidian relationships—in the democratic transition process is what drives successful democratic transitions. Gianfranco Poggi argues this as well, saying that interpersonal trust is needed if republican society is to be maintained.
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bourgeois class (consider also that suffrage only belonged, then, to propertied men). Marx, in his early writings, anticipated the abolition of the separation between state and civil society, and looked forward to the reunification of private and public/political realms (Colletti, 1975). Hence, Marx rejected the positive role of state put forth by Hegel. Marx argued that the state cannot be a neutral problem solver. Rather, he depicted the state as the defender of the interests of the bourgeoisie. He considered the state to be the executive arm of the bourgeoisie, which would wither away once the working class took democratic control of society.
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they did not hold that civil society was a separate realm from the state. Rather, they underlined the co-existence of the state and civil society. The systematic approaches of Hobbes and Locke (in their analysis of social relations) were largely influenced by the experiences in their period. Their attempts to explain human nature, natural laws, the social contract and the formation of government had challenged the divine right theory. In contrast to divine right, Hobbes and Locke claimed that humans can design their political order. This idea had a great impact on the thinkers in the Enlightenment period.
3803:(Edwards 2004:10). Departing somewhat from Marx, Gramsci did not consider civil society as a realm of private and alienated relationships. Rather, Gramsci viewed civil society as the vehicle for bourgeois hegemony, when it just represents a particular class. He underlined the crucial role of civil society as the contributor of the cultural and ideological capital required for the survival of the hegemony of capitalism. Rather than posing it as a problem, as in earlier Marxist conceptions, Gramsci viewed civil society as the site for problem-solving. Misunderstanding Gramsci, the 1828:, which he illustrates through how South Korea's great economic success was built without a strong civil society, which only appeared after economic growth had more than took off, as well as how Bangladesh, with an incredibly rich civil society, has largely failed to grow its economy, remaining one of the poorest countries in the world. Going even further, Carothers also points out how too much civil society, at least in certain sectors, can lead to harmful economic impacts, citing how some economists believe labor unions in Latin America have restricted economic growth. 1755:
interests to further develop democratic ideals, which in turn can lead to a more democratic state. Membership in these kinds of associations serves as a source of information which reduces the barriers to collective action. These groups then affect policy by putting pressure on governments. This implies that civil society serves to balance the power of the state. The statutes of these political organizations have been considered micro-constitutions because they accustom participants to the formalities of democratic decision making.
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that members are able to make in relation to the type of work they will do. The diverse positions in Civil Society fall into three estates: the substantial estate (agriculture), the formal estate (trade and industry), and the universal estate (civil society). A man is able to choose his estate, though his choice is limited by the aforementioned inequalities. However, Hegel argues that these inequalities enable all estates in Civil Society to be filled, which leads to a more efficient system on the whole.
3776:) as a separate realm, a "system of needs", that is the, " difference which intervenes between the family and the state". Civil society is the realm of economic relationships as it exists in the modern industrial capitalist society, for it had emerged at the particular period of capitalism and served its interests: individual rights and private property. Hence, he used the German term "bĂŒrgerliche Gesellschaft" to denote civil society as "civilian society" – a sphere regulated by the 3440:, the reasons behind absolutism, and how to move beyond absolutism. The Enlightenment thinkers believed in the power of the human mind to reason. They opposed the alliance between the state and the Church as the enemy of human progress and well-being because the coercive apparatus of the state curbed individual liberty and the Church legitimated monarchs by positing the theory of divine origin. Therefore, both were deemed to be against the will of the people. 3465:, there was a condition of a war of all against all. In such a situation, life was "solitary, poor, nasty, brutish and short" (Ibid: 25). Upon realizing the danger of anarchy, human beings became aware of the need of a mechanism to protect them. As far as Hobbes was concerned, rationality and self-interests persuaded human beings to combine in agreement, to surrender sovereignty to a common power (Kaviraj 2001:289). Hobbes called this common power, state, 662: 1880: 3284: 600: 1787:
survey data collected by Kenneth Newton, there is little evidence that social and political trust overlap, which renders the relationship between the strength of civil society and democracy obsolete. Indeed, as Larry Diamond asserts, in order to understand the multitude of ways civil society can serve democracy, it is also necessary to understand the tensions and contradictions civil society generates for democracy.
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separation of German society into individual social groups meant they were incredibly vulnerable to nationalist ideals. Nazis infiltrated these discontent groups where they eventually became the backbone and foundation for the party and its propaganda. As a result, the Nazi party transformed itself from a place of political irrelevancy to the largest party in the German Reichstag after the
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became treated as a key terrain of strategic action to construct ‘an alternative social and world order.’ Post-modern civil society theory has now largely returned to a more neutral stance, but with marked differences between the study of the phenomena in richer societies and writing on civil society
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assigned civil society a key role in defending people against the state and the market and in asserting the democratic will to influence the state. At the same time, neo-liberal thinkers consider civil society as a site for struggle to subvert Communist and authoritarian regimes. Thus, the term civil
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Both Hobbes and Locke had set forth a system, in which peaceful coexistence among human beings could be ensured through social pacts or contracts. They considered civil society as a community that maintained civil life, the realm where civic virtues and rights were derived from natural laws. However,
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had a similar concept to Hobbes about the political condition in England. It was the period of the Glorious Revolution, marked by the struggle between the divine right of the Crown and the political rights of Parliament. This influenced Locke to forge a social contract theory of a limited state and a
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theory that contested social relations existing in accordance with human nature. They held that human nature can be understood by analyzing objective realities and natural law conditions. Thus they endorsed that the nature of human beings should be encompassed by the contours of state and established
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period. As a natural consequence of Renaissance, Humanism, and the scientific revolution, the Enlightenment thinkers raised fundamental questions such as "What legitimacy does heredity confer?", "Why are governments instituted?", "Why do some human beings have more basic rights than others?", and so
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In modern America, Yuval Levin writes that civil societies are considered to be a gateway between the U.S. government and citizens Some state that civil societies help maintain individual freedoms as a check to the U.S. government’s power, while others see its role as upholding the state’s efforts by
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in the 18th century. However, it has much older history in the realm of political thought. Generally, civil society has been referred to as a political association governing social conflict through the imposition of rules that restrain citizens from harming one another. In the classical period, the
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A strong civil society is often considered to be important for economic growth, with reasoning being that it can give important input on economic decisions, facilitate private enterprise and entrepreneurship, and prevent the state from stifling the economy. For example, labor leaders can ensure that
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in Germany. The Weimar Republic’s failure to address the ravages of economic depression, and domestic struggles, led to the creation of a multitude of German civil societies. A defining and arguable fatal flaw of these groups was they reinforced societal conflicts and differences among Germans. This
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has argued that even non-political organizations in civil society are vital for democracy because they build social capital, trust, and shared values within a society. Social capital, as defined as the social networks and norms of reciprocity associated with them, can help societies resolve dilemmas
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as well. For Hegel, civil society manifested contradictory forces. Being the realm of capitalist interests, there is a possibility of conflicts and inequalities within it (ex: mental and physical aptitude, talents and financial circumstances). He argued that these inequalities influence the choices
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In the United States, Tocqueville states that the tendency to form associations that would manifest into civil societies has propelled its success as a democratic government. Putnam argues that the strength of civil societies in the U.S. have historically brought more social trust and more social
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There is a considerable amount of data supporting the notion that civil society organizations significantly increase political participation. Dr. Robert Putnam conducted a study of civil society in Italy in the mid-1900s, and observed that those who were engaged with civil society organizations
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Even in well-established democracies, the proliferation of special interest groups—which signal a strong civil society—can potentially impede the functioning of representative institutions and distort policy outcomes in favor of the wealthy, well-connected, or well-organized. Moreover, based on
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They argued that the political element of political organizations facilitates better awareness and a more informed citizenry, who make better voting choices, participate in politics, and hold government more accountable as a result. Civil society acts as a forum for people with common goals and
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of the 1990s, which involved conditioned loans by the World Bank and IMF to debt-laden developing states, also created pressures for states in poorer countries to shrink. This in turn led to practical changes for civil society that went on to influence the theoretical debate. Initially the new
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followed the Hegelian way of using the concept of civil society. For Marx, the emergence of the modern state created a realm of civil society that reduced society to private interests competing against each other. Political society was autonomized into the state, which was in turn ruled by the
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Civil society organizations provide citizens with knowledge crucial to political participation, such as the obligations and rights of citizens with regard to government processes, different types of political issues and policy agendas, ways in which citizens can collaborate to address societal
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encourages rational will-formation; it is a sphere of rational and democratic social interaction. Habermas analyzes civil society as a sphere of "commodity exchange and social labor" and public sphere as a part of political realm. Habermas argues that even though society was representative of
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and the transition of many countries to democracy; instead, civil society was increasingly called on to justify its legitimacy and democratic credentials. This led to the creation by the UN of a high level panel on civil society. However, in the 1990s with the emergence of the nongovernmental
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Civil societies also have become involved in the environmental policy making process. These groups impact environmental policies by setting an agenda on fixing the harm done to the environment. They also get the public informed about environmental issues, which increases the public demand for
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Essentially, civil society creates social capital, which the World Bank defines as "the institutions, relationships, and norms that shape the quality and quantity of a society's social interactions". With higher social capital comes a greater amount of social interdependence, which increases
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argued that people are peace lovers and that wars are the creation of absolute regimes (Burchill 2001:33). As far as Kant was concerned, this system was effective to guard against the domination of a single interest and check the tyranny of the majority (Alagappa 2004:30).
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as late as in the 1990s employed it to denote the sphere of civic associations threatened by the intrusive holistic state-dominated regimes of Communist Eastern Europe. The first post-modern usage of civil society as denoting political opposition stems from writings of
6768: 3355:, the ideal state was a just society in which people dedicate themselves to the common good, practice civic virtues of wisdom, courage, moderation and justice, and perform the occupational role to which they were best suited. It was the duty of the ‘ 6506:, (2010), for a summary of Marx's thought on the State and an introduction to Marxist thought on the state up until 1917. For a detailed discussion of Marx's thought on the state and civil society see Draper, 1977 & 1986 (Volumes 1 and 2) 3325:
From a historical perspective, the actual meaning of the concept of civil society has changed twice from its original, classical form. The first change occurred after the French Revolution, the second during the fall of communism in Europe.
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is used in the sense of 1) the aggregate of non-governmental organizations and institutions that advance the interests and will of citizens or 2) individuals and organizations in a society which are independent of the government.
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underlined the need of a powerful state to maintain civility in society. For Hobbes, human beings are motivated by self-interests (Graham 1997:23). Moreover, these self-interests are often contradictory in nature. Therefore, in
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It is commonly believed that the post-modern way of understanding civil society was first developed by political opposition in the former Soviet bloc East European countries in the 1980s. However, research shows that communist
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productivity and economic growth. For example, one study found that high school drop out rates in areas within the United States with better social networks were lower than in areas with weaker social networks.
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conditionality led to an even greater emphasis on "civil society" as a panacea, replacing the state's service provision and social care, Hulme and Edwards suggested that it was now seen as "the magic bullet".
3351:’, a form of rational dialogue to uncover truth. According to Socrates, public argument through ‘dialectic’ was imperative to ensure ‘civility’ in the polis and ‘good life’ of the people. For 1791:
capital for citizens. Others state that a dependence on civil societies can lead citizens to question the effectiveness of the U.S. government and can create instability by dividing society.
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Requier-Desjardins Mélanie & Bied-Charreton Marc, 2007. Science and Civil Society in the fight against desertification. Les dossiers thématiques du CSFD. Issue 6. 40 pp.
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economic growth benefits working people, faith leaders can advocate for greater inclusion in economic affairs, NGOs can flag and document harmful business practices, etc.
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Strongly influenced by the atrocities of Thirty Years' War, the political philosophers of the time held that social relations should be ordered in a different way from
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Dodge, Jennifer (5 June 2014). "Civil society organizations and deliberative policy making: interpreting environmental controversies in the deliberative system".
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The Enlightenment thinkers argued that human beings are rational and can shape their destiny. Hence, no need of an absolute authority to control them. Both
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The 25th Anniversary of Constitutional Economics: The Russian Model and Legal Reform in Russia, in The World Rule of Law Movement and Russian Legal Reform
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Some, like Thomas Carothers, somewhat dispute this narrative. He argues that although civil society is beneficial toward economic growth, it is not
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is used in the more general sense of "the elements such as freedom of speech, an independent judiciary, etc, that make up a democratic society" (
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transformation in 1989. According to theory of restructurization of welfare systems, a new way of using the concept of civil society became a
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thought the polis was an ‘association of associations’ that enables citizens to share in the virtuous task of ruling and being ruled. His
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points out, civil societies do not necessarily form for worthy reasons nor do they necessarily promote democratic values. For example,
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After decades of forbidden national days, on the 15th of March, 1989, the communist regime of Hungary allowed people to celebrate the
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which describes and analyzes the specific interrelationships between constitutional issues and functioning of the economy including
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argued that civil society organizations can actually be used to mobilize people against democracy. This was evident in fall of the
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on. These questions led them to make certain assumptions about the nature of the human mind, the sources of political and
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values, which inevitably led to a larger role for civil society at the expense of politically derived state institutions.
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had the most important influence on the development and popularization of the idea instead, in an effort to legitimize
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of any previously authorized appropriations, becomes a key element for the success of any influential civil society.
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saw major changes in the topics discussed by political philosophers. Due to the unique political arrangements of
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concept was used as a synonym for the good society, and seen as indistinguishable from the state. For instance,
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NGOs, Civil Society and the State: Avoiding theoretical extremes in real world issues,' Development in Practice
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Almond, G., & Verba, S.; 'The Civic Culture: Political Attitudes And Democracy In Five Nations; 1989; Sage
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Robert D. Putnam, Robert Leonardi, Raffaella Y. Nanetti; Robert Leonardi; Raffaella Y. Nanetti (1994).
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Dhanagare, D.N. (September 2001). "Civil Society, State and Democracy: Contextualising a Discourse".
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society occupies an important place in the political discourses of the New Left and neo-liberals.
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Tocqueville on Civilian Society: A Romantic Vision of the Dichotomic Structure of Social Reality
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Mann, Michael; 1984; "The Autonomous Power of The State: Its Origins, Mechanisms and Results";
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Multistakeholder Processes for Governance and Sustainability:Beyond Deadlock and Conflict
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to the civil society, are of the primary guiding importance to the implementation of the
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Others, however, have questioned the link between civil society and robust democracy. As
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By the end of the 1990s civil society was seen less as a panacea amid the growth of the
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From that time stems a political practice of using the idea of civil society instead of
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taught that conflicts within society should be resolved through public argument using ‘
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Civil society organizations, also known as civic organizations, include among others:
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Building a Civil Society: Associations, Public Life, and the Origins of Modern Italy
6087: 5427: 4840: 17: 5249:"Bowling for Adolf: How social capital helped to destroy Germany's first democracy" 4459: 4409: 4344: 4319: 4230: 4220: 4205: 4125: 3749: 3574: 3453: 2725: 2705: 2690: 2650: 2635: 2595: 2530: 2515: 2405: 2307: 1973: 1771: 1748: 1493: 1407: 1352: 1247: 1237: 1232: 1157: 705: 169: 1879: 6870:
Stakeholder Forum for a Sustainable Future engagement in UN stakeholder relations
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Global Non-governmental Administrative System: Geosociology of the Third Sector
1921:(DESA), facilitates interactions between civil society organizations and DESA. 1751:, who identified the role of political culture in a democratic order as vital. 6841: 6652: 6266: 6024: 5322: 4927: 4018: 3834: 3777: 3741: 3472: 3243: 3233: 2695: 2660: 2585: 2570: 2505: 2430: 2375: 2277: 2222: 2101: 2086: 1634: 1620: 1550: 1292: 1092: 563: 553: 548: 287: 149: 6454: 6203: 5881: 5749: 5703: 5405: 5346: 5338: 5299: 5058: 4936: 4824: 4782: 4669:
Neoliberalizm i spoleczenstwo obywatelskie (Neoliberalism and Civil Society)
4275: 4210: 4185: 4165: 4100: 3792: 3785: 3564: 3393: 3371: 3360: 3348: 2715: 2395: 2091: 1983: 1840: 1736: 1598: 1580: 1142: 1073: 653: 448: 346: 229: 184: 164: 6123:", edited by Francis Neate and Holly Nielsen, Justitsinform, Moscow (2007). 5381: 5247:
VoigtlÀnder, Nico; Voth, Hans-Joachim; Satyanath, Shanker (5 August 2013).
3428:. Until the mid-eighteenth century, absolutism was the hallmark of Europe. 1917:
The integrated Civil Society Organizations (iCSO) System, developed by the
6909: 5806:
Putnam, Robert D.; Leonardi, Robert; Nonetti, Raffaella Y. (27 May 1994).
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completely changed the meaning of civil society, giving rise to a modern
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Shaping Globalization – Civil Society, Cultural Power and Threefolding
1743:. They were developed in significant ways by 20th century researchers 6858:
One World Trust Database of Civil Society Self-regulatory Initiatives
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legitimizing development of the third sector as a substitute for the
3382: 2237: 1856: 1851:. The term "constitutional economics" was used by American economist 1657: 536: 478: 376: 5695: 5462: 5291: 5218:"Revisiting "Civil Society And The Collapse Of The Weimar Republic"" 5115: 4879: 3939:. Statements consisting only of original research should be removed. 6864:
Wiser.org – World Index for Social and Environmental Responsibility
6071: 4537:"Civil society definition and meaning | Collins English Dictionary" 6578:
Habermas, J. (1974). The public sphere: an encyclopaedia article.
6487:, edited by Allen W. Wood (Cambridge University Press, 1991), §202 3815: 3352: 3338:
understanding is usually connected to the early-modern thought of
1878: 1533: 4621:
The Politics of Philosophy: A Commentary on Aristotle's Politics,
1891:
to the domain of social life which needs to be protected against
1709:
The literature on relations between civil society and democratic
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Angels of Mercy or Development Diplomats. NGOs & Foreign Aid
3780:. This new way of thinking about civil society was followed by 6730:
Pollock, Graham. "Civil Society Theory and Euro-Nationalism,"
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Hemmati, Minu. Dodds, Felix. Enayati, Jasmin. and McHarry,Jan
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Third sector of society, distinct from government and business
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Making democracy work : civic traditions in modern Italy
4647:
The Politics of Civil Society: Neoliberalism Or Social Left?,
4608:
The Political Paul: Democracy and Kingship in Paul's Thought,
1648: 1638: 1610: 6756:
Let's get civil society straight: NGOs and Political Theory,
6210:. United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs. 5956: 5954: 5952: 5950: 3447:
conditions. Some of their attempts led to the emergence of
6204:"The integrated Civil Society Organizations (iCSO) System" 6846: 6826: 6364:
State and Civil Society: Explorations in Political Theory
3763:
Unlike his predecessors, Hegel considered civil society (
6025:"Civil Society, Social Capital and Economic Development" 4794: 4792: 4507:"Civil society – Define Civil society at Dictionary.com" 3748:-political society as opposed to institutions of modern 3431:
The absolutist concept of the state was disputed in the
6671:
Italy and Its Discontents: Family, Civil Society, State
6147:"NGOs NGO civil society partnerships UN United Nations" 5858:"Civil Society and the Collapse of the Weimar Republic" 5777:"Civil society: An essential ingredient of development" 5498:"Civil Society and the Collapse of the Weimar Republic" 5156:"Civil Society and the Collapse of the Weimar Republic" 4968:
Making Democracy Work: Civic Traditions in Modern Italy
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Civicus – Worldwide Alliance for Citizen Participation
6702:
Civil Society: The Underpinnings of American Democracy
2917: 5925:"America's Civic Condition: A Glance at the Evidence" 5323:"Trust, Social Capital, Civil Society, and Democracy" 3799:
The above view about civil society was criticised by
1887:
Critics and activists currently often apply the term
6866:– formerly civilsociety.org (archived 11 April 2014) 3400:, a preoccupation that would last until the end of 6900:100 years of trends in international civil society 1656:). The concept was used by Roman writers, such as 6827:Global Environment Facility Civil Society Network 6056:"Social Capital in the Creation of Human Capital" 6785:, Springer-Verlag New York Inc., New York 2010, 6564:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown ( 6329:. Manchester University Press. pp. 83–114. 1697:in 1978–79. However, the term was not in use by 6876:International Society for Third-Sector Research 6664:Civil Society: The Critical History of an Idea. 6619:Colletti, Lucio. ‘Introduction’, in Karl Marx, 5211: 5209: 4799:Boulding, Carew E.; Nelson-NĂșñez, Jami (2014). 4156:Civil Society and Indigenous Peoples' Mechanism 3334:The concept of civil society in its pre-modern 1910:as a social phenomenon expanding the sphere of 1660:, where it referred to the ancient notion of a 6704:. Medford, Mass:Tufts University Press, 1999. 6546:. Archived from the original on 2 October 2008 5539:"The American Context of Civil Society (SSIR)" 6609:. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2004. 6019: 6017: 5923:Galston, Peter Levine and William A. (1997). 5650:"Civil Society | Social Science | Britannica" 4913:Fukuyama, Francis; FFukuyama@imf.org (2000). 4747: 4745: 4663: 4661: 4659: 4657: 4655: 3876:(NSMs) on a global scale, civil society as a 3718: 3306: 1513: 622: 8: 6776:, Archiv fĂŒr Begriffsgeschichte Bd. 50/2008 6503:Imperialism, the Highest Stage of Capitalism 5962:"Foreign Policy: Think Again: Civil Society" 5149: 5147: 5145: 5083:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 4991:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 1627:), established for collective survival. The 6783:International Encyclopedia of Civil Society 5682:Carothers, Thomas; Barndt, William (1999). 5533: 5531: 5449:Carothers, Thomas; Barndt, William (1999). 5430:. Princeton University Press. 11 March 1993 5098:Carothers, Thomas; Barndt, William (1999). 4723:Civil Society and the Conception of History 1633:or end of civil society, thus defined, was 1545:can be understood as the "third sector" of 6666:New York: New York University Press, 1999. 6641:. Cambridge, England: Polity Press, 2004. 6607:Civil Society and Political Change in Asia 6176: 6174: 6172: 4683: 4681: 4679: 4677: 3725: 3711: 3499: 3313: 3299: 1932: 1520: 1506: 640: 629: 615: 36: 6732:Studies In Social & Political Thought 6429:Hegel’s Civil Society: A Locus of Freedom 6326:History of International Relations Theory 6318: 6316: 4926: 4568:Self-Consciousness and Self-Determination 3955:Learn how and when to remove this message 1919:Department of Economic and Social Affairs 1731:, from whom the concepts were adapted by 6418:(Cambridge University Press, 1991), §184 4610:Sheffield Academic Press, 2001 pp. 45–83 1724:An Essay on the History of Civil Society 6734:, Issue 4, March 2001, pp. 31–56. 4649:Policy Press, 2007. pp. 119–20, 148–49. 4623:Rowman & Littlefield 1996 pp. 15–32 4477: 4296:Yearbook of International Organizations 3511: 2870:Perpetual Peace: A Philosophical Sketch 1943: 652: 47: 6557: 6288: 6286: 6284: 5586: 5575: 5327:International Political Science Review 5076: 4984: 6912:on civil society and social movements 6112:Peter Barenboim, Natalya Merkulova. " 6094:from the original on 12 February 2023 5851: 5849: 5735: 5733: 5677: 5675: 5660:from the original on 21 February 2023 4960: 4958: 4703:. Felix Meiner Verlag. Archived from 4517:from the original on 25 December 2014 3021:1946 Italian institutional referendum 2961:Spanish American wars of independence 1538:International Civil Society Week 2019 7: 6214:from the original on 4 February 2013 5605:"Civil Society in the United States" 3756:civil society where synonymous with 3359:’ to look after people in civility. 6904:Union of International Associations 6781:Helmut K. Anheier, Stefan Toepler, 6485:Elements of the Philosophy of Right 6412:Elements of the Philosophy of Right 4634:Civil Society and Political Theory, 4595:Civil Society and Political Theory, 2790:The Tenure of Kings and Magistrates 1557:, and including the family and the 6688:, 2011, retrieved: 24 August 2011. 6002:from the original on 11 March 2023 4915:"Social Capital and Civil Society" 4547:from the original on 28 April 2019 1883:Civil lecture at Budapest Brainbar 25: 6366:. Sage Publications. p. 88. 6157:from the original on 15 July 2017 5935:from the original on 4 March 2023 5787:from the original on 4 March 2023 5756:from the original on 4 March 2023 5742:"The False Dawn of Civil Society" 5718:from the original on 4 March 2023 5611:from the original on 4 March 2023 5570:"The False Dawn of Civil Society" 5549:from the original on 4 March 2023 5477:from the original on 4 March 2023 5382:"Toward Democratic Consolidation" 5259:from the original on 3 March 2023 5228:from the original on 3 March 2023 5130:from the original on 4 March 2023 5018:from the original on 3 March 2023 4894:from the original on 4 April 2023 4847:from the original on 3 March 2023 3744:understanding of it as a form of 3487:, a critic of civil society, and 497:Biology and political orientation 6657:Karl Marx's Theory of Revolution 6623:, Pelican, 1975, pp. 7–56. 6343:from the original on 2 July 2023 6035:from the original on 22 May 2023 5972:from the original on 19 May 2023 5904:from the original on 7 June 2021 5834:from the original on 2 July 2023 5740:Rieff, David (4 February 1999). 5568:Rieff, David (4 February 1999). 5361:from the original on 2 July 2023 5194:from the original on 7 June 2021 5065:from the original on 2 July 2023 4943:from the original on 2 July 2023 3909: 3282: 2810:Discourses Concerning Government 1487: 1475: 660: 598: 6832:EU relations with Civil Society 6821:UNEP Global Civil Society Forum 6758:Development in Practice, 1996, 5775:Ingram, George (6 April 2020). 5012:International Studies Quarterly 4736:Critique of the German Ideology 4036:private voluntary organizations 3381:is Roman and was introduced by 3076:Barbadian Republic Proclamation 762:Concepts, theory and techniques 6544:"Reforming the United Nations" 5812:. Princeton University Press. 5321:Newton, Kenneth (April 2001). 4971:. Princeton University Press. 4805:Latin American Research Review 4688:Zaleski, Pawel Stefan (2008). 4024:non-governmental organizations 3011:1935 Greek coup d'Ă©tat attempt 2991:German Revolution of 1918–1919 1906:On the other hand, others see 492:Theories of political behavior 118:Political history of the world 1: 6751:. Oxford: James Currey, 1998. 6686:Institute of European History 6323:Knutsen, Torbjorn L. (1997). 6134:European Journal of Sociology 6060:American Journal of Sociology 5438:– via Internet Archive. 5216:Berman, Sheri (13 May 2021). 4697:Archiv fĂŒr Begriffsgeschichte 4671:, Wydawnictwo UMK, Torun 2012 4584:, Bk. 1 passim, esp. 1252a1–6 4057:social movement organizations 1713:has its immediate origins in 507:Critique of political economy 6804:LSE Centre for Civil Society 4251:Rule According to Higher Law 3261:Republic without republicans 3006:11 September 1922 Revolution 3001:Mongolian Revolution of 1921 88:Outline of political science 6852:Global civil society (PCDF) 5630:Why Civil Society? Why Now? 5380:Diamond, Larry Jay (1994). 5037:D., Putnam, Robert (1993). 3935:the claims made and adding 3869:anti-globalization movement 3422:the sovereign states system 2996:Turkish War of Independence 2918: 6957: 6834:(archived 2 February 2012) 6054:Coleman, James S. (1988). 5278:Carothers, Thomas (1997). 4866:Carothers, Thomas (1997). 4597:MIT Press, 1994 pp. 84–85. 4241:Public interest litigation 4136:Civil and political rights 3051:1970 Cambodian coup d'Ă©tat 2800:The Commonwealth of Oceana 1859:planning and the latter's 1701:labor union in 1980–1981. 1676:who as a first translated 1649: 1639: 1611: 1576:Collins English Dictionary 93:Index of politics articles 29: 6860:(archived 7 January 2016) 6840:(archived 16 April 2009) 6362:Chandhoke, Neera (1995). 6267:10.1007/s11077-014-9200-y 5043:. Princeton Univ. Press. 4928:10.5089/9781451849585.001 4761:Barber, Benjamin (1998). 4566:Tugendhat, Ernst (1986). 4541:www.collinsdictionary.com 4042:professional associations 3885:Link to the public sphere 3224:The Emperor's New Clothes 2976:5 October 1910 revolution 2971:French Revolution of 1848 1994:Liberty as non-domination 1583:concept of civic values. 6872:(archived 10 April 2013) 6809:3 September 2010 at the 6455:10.1177/0038022920010201 6386:Hegel, G. W. F. (1821), 6029:ciaotest.cc.columbia.edu 5966:ciaotest.cc.columbia.edu 5339:10.1177/0192512101222004 5280:"Think Again: Democracy" 4868:"Think Again: Democracy" 4191:Foucault–Habermas debate 4171:Constitutional economics 4030:non-profit organizations 3774:bĂŒrgerliche Gesellschaft 3066:1987 Fijian coups d'Ă©tat 3026:1952 Egyptian revolution 2004:Political representation 1837:Constitutional economics 1832:Constitutional economics 750:JEL classification codes 30:Not to be confused with 6823:(archived 4 March 2016) 6772:Zaleski, Pawel Stefan, 6682:European History Online 6398:10 January 2020 at the 5585:Cite magazine requires 5428:"Making democracy work" 4266:Social entrepreneurship 4047:religious organizations 3999:community organizations 3754:classical republicanism 3532:Political particularism 3046:1969 Libyan coup d'Ă©tat 2830:Discourse on Inequality 1979:Consent of the governed 1799:Political participation 936:Industrial organization 793:Computational economics 502:Political organisations 265:International relations 103:Politics by subdivision 6881:31 August 2018 at the 6838:UK DFID relations with 6190:9 October 2018 at the 5856:Berman, Sheri (1997). 5496:Berman, Sheri (1997). 5154:Berman, Sheri (1997). 4728:2 January 2015 at the 4667:Pawel Stefan Zaleski, 4636:MIT Press, 1994 p. 86. 4303:Civil-society scholars 4077:voluntary associations 4062:statutory corporations 4004:consumer organizations 3990:(sports, social, etc.) 3881:in developing states. 3872:organizations and the 3829: 3773: 3420:heralded the birth of 3370:described a political 1925:environmental change. 1884: 1717:philosophy, including 1715:Scottish Enlightenment 1539: 788:Experimental economics 6893:29 April 2014 at the 6693:downloadable copy of 6443:Sociological Bulletin 6235:Basta! Rio+20 Walkout 6180:Pawel Stefan Zaleski 5809:Making Democracy Work 5398:10.1353/jod.1994.0041 4817:10.1353/lar.2014.0015 4486:What is Civil Society 3994:community foundations 3819: 3782:Alexis de Tocqueville 3640:Jean-Jacques Rousseau 3485:Jean-Jacques Rousseau 3214:Criticism of monarchy 3036:North Yemen civil war 2850:The Federalist Papers 2145:Federal parliamentary 1882: 1733:Alexis de Tocqueville 1727:, and in the work of 1615:), which refers to a 1537: 582:Political campaigning 322:Public administration 155:Collective leadership 6816:UN and Civil Society 6676:Gosewinkel, Dieter: 5996:World Economic Forum 5874:10.1353/wp.1997.0008 5635:4 March 2023 at the 5514:10.1353/wp.1997.0008 5386:Journal of Democracy 5172:10.1353/wp.1997.0008 5006:Pinckney, Jonathan. 4645:Frederick W. Powell, 4360:Jean Bethke Elshtain 4310:Jeffrey C. Alexander 4281:Service organization 3874:new social movements 3861:Washington Consensus 3418:Treaty of Westphalia 3408:Early modern history 3340:Age of Enlightenment 3336:classical republican 3199:Classical radicalism 2941:Republic of Florence 2880:Democracy in America 2039:Separation of powers 2014:Public participation 1901:Washington Consensus 1855:as a name for a new 1561:. By other authors, 1015:Social choice theory 432:Separation of powers 303:Political psychology 278:Comparative politics 256:political scientists 243:Academic disciplines 123:Political philosophy 18:Global civil society 6605:Alagappa, Muthiah. 6580:New German Critique 6427:Stillman, Peter G. 6292:Edwards 2004. p. 6. 6119:5 July 2016 at the 4767:. Hill & Wang. 4216:Liberal nationalism 3812:Post-modern history 3673:Christian democracy 3505:the Politics series 3416:and the subsequent 3289:Politics portal 3094:Antigua and Barbuda 3041:Zanzibar Revolution 2951:American Revolution 2840:The Social Contract 2009:Popular sovereignty 1617:political community 1569:Sometimes the term 1482:Business portal 803:Operations research 783:National accounting 605:Politics portal 454:Election commission 425:Government branches 308:Political sociology 160:Confessional system 98:Politics by country 6931:Community building 6908:Interface journal 6700:O'Connell, Brian. 6515:Ehrenberg 1999:208 5818:10.2307/j.ctt7s8r7 5654:www.britannica.com 4919:IMF Working Papers 4720:See, for example, 4710:on 9 October 2018. 4493:2 May 2009 at the 4052:social enterprises 3920:possibly contains 3830: 3615:Alasdair MacIntyre 3559:Important thinkers 3255:Primus inter pares 3071:Nepalese Civil War 3061:Iranian Revolution 3031:14 July Revolution 2986:Russian Revolution 2981:Chinese Revolution 2931:Republic of Venice 2780:Discourses on Livy 1885: 1601:presents the term 1597:, the philosopher 1540: 813:Industrial complex 808:Middle income trap 288:Political analysis 220:Semi-parliamentary 6791:978-0-387-93996-4 6740:Soper, Steven C. 6715:Perlas, Nicolas. 6662:Ehrenberg, John. 6591:Schwedler, 1995:5 6533:Ehrenberg 1999:33 6524:Ehrenberg 1999:30 6483:Hegel, G. F. W., 6410:Hegel, G. F. W., 5827:978-1-4008-2074-0 4606:Bruno Blumenfeld 4425:Michael Oakeshott 4390:Peter Dobkin Hall 4271:Social innovation 4236:Political science 4201:Global governance 4181:Cultural hegemony 4176:Coordination good 4141:Civil inattention 3965: 3964: 3957: 3922:original research 3857:political society 3758:political society 3735: 3734: 3414:Thirty Years' War 3330:Western antiquity 3323: 3322: 3266:Republican empire 3239:List of republics 3088:National variants 3016:Spanish Civil War 2956:French Revolution 2936:Republic of Genoa 2820:The Spirit of Law 2753:Theoretical works 2097:Neo-republicanism 1912:classical liberal 1853:James M. Buchanan 1845:constitutionalism 1741:Ferdinand Tönnies 1711:political society 1695:Aleksander Smolar 1678:koinƍnĂ­a politikᾗ 1612:ÎșÎżÎčÎœÏ‰ÎœÎŻÎ± Ï€ÎżÎ»ÎčτÎčÎșÎź 1607:koinƍnĂ­a politikᾗ 1530: 1529: 639: 638: 587:Political parties 527:Electoral systems 251:Political science 225:Semi-presidential 137:Political systems 113:Political history 108:Political economy 16:(Redirected from 6948: 6669:Ginsborg, Paul. 6635:Edwards, Michael 6592: 6589: 6583: 6576: 6570: 6569: 6563: 6555: 6553: 6551: 6540: 6534: 6531: 6525: 6522: 6516: 6513: 6507: 6494: 6488: 6481: 6475: 6474: 6438: 6432: 6425: 6419: 6408: 6402: 6384: 6378: 6377: 6359: 6353: 6352: 6350: 6348: 6320: 6311: 6308: 6302: 6299: 6293: 6290: 6279: 6278: 6250: 6244: 6243: 6230: 6224: 6223: 6221: 6219: 6200: 6194: 6178: 6167: 6166: 6164: 6162: 6143: 6137: 6130: 6124: 6110: 6104: 6103: 6101: 6099: 6051: 6045: 6044: 6042: 6040: 6021: 6012: 6011: 6009: 6007: 5988: 5982: 5981: 5979: 5977: 5958: 5945: 5944: 5942: 5940: 5920: 5914: 5913: 5911: 5909: 5853: 5844: 5843: 5841: 5839: 5803: 5797: 5796: 5794: 5792: 5772: 5766: 5765: 5763: 5761: 5737: 5728: 5727: 5725: 5723: 5679: 5670: 5669: 5667: 5665: 5646: 5640: 5627: 5621: 5620: 5618: 5616: 5601: 5595: 5594: 5588: 5583: 5581: 5573: 5565: 5559: 5558: 5556: 5554: 5535: 5526: 5525: 5493: 5487: 5486: 5484: 5482: 5446: 5440: 5439: 5437: 5435: 5424: 5418: 5417: 5377: 5371: 5370: 5368: 5366: 5318: 5312: 5311: 5275: 5269: 5268: 5266: 5264: 5244: 5238: 5237: 5235: 5233: 5213: 5204: 5203: 5201: 5199: 5151: 5140: 5139: 5137: 5135: 5095: 5089: 5088: 5082: 5074: 5072: 5070: 5034: 5028: 5027: 5025: 5023: 5003: 4997: 4996: 4990: 4982: 4962: 4953: 4952: 4950: 4948: 4930: 4910: 4904: 4903: 4901: 4899: 4863: 4857: 4856: 4854: 4852: 4796: 4787: 4786: 4758: 4752: 4749: 4740: 4718: 4712: 4711: 4709: 4694: 4685: 4672: 4665: 4650: 4643: 4637: 4630: 4624: 4617: 4611: 4604: 4598: 4591: 4585: 4578: 4572: 4571: 4563: 4557: 4556: 4554: 4552: 4533: 4527: 4526: 4524: 4522: 4503: 4497: 4482: 4440:Robert D. Putnam 4370:Francis Fukuyama 4340:Robert N. Bellah 4291:Voluntary sector 4161:Communitarianism 4111:Civic engagement 4106:Associationalism 3960: 3953: 3949: 3946: 3940: 3937:inline citations 3913: 3912: 3905: 3768: 3727: 3720: 3713: 3702: 3688:Social democracy 3678:Radical centrism 3635:Robert D. Putnam 3600:Stanley Hauerwas 3580:Robert N. Bellah 3521:Central concepts 3513:Communitarianism 3500: 3379:societas civilis 3357:philosopher king 3315: 3308: 3301: 3287: 3286: 3271:Republican Party 3249:Peasant republic 3209:Communitarianism 2926:Classical Athens 2921: 2895: 2885: 2875: 2865: 2855: 2845: 2835: 2825: 2815: 2805: 2795: 2785: 2775: 2765: 1999:Mixed government 1933: 1768:Thomas Carothers 1760:Robert D. Putnam 1682:societas civilis 1652: 1651: 1642: 1641: 1614: 1613: 1549:, distinct from 1522: 1515: 1508: 1494:Money portal 1492: 1491: 1490: 1480: 1479: 976:Natural resource 768:Economic systems 664: 641: 631: 624: 617: 603: 602: 393: 338: 293:Political theory 283:Election science 273: 259: 37: 21: 6956: 6955: 6951: 6950: 6949: 6947: 6946: 6945: 6916: 6915: 6895:Wayback Machine 6883:Wayback Machine 6811:Wayback Machine 6800: 6795: 6763:Whaites, Alan, 6754:Whaites, Alan, 6601: 6596: 6595: 6590: 6586: 6577: 6573: 6556: 6549: 6547: 6542: 6541: 6537: 6532: 6528: 6523: 6519: 6514: 6510: 6495: 6491: 6482: 6478: 6440: 6439: 6435: 6426: 6422: 6409: 6405: 6400:Wayback Machine 6385: 6381: 6374: 6361: 6360: 6356: 6346: 6344: 6337: 6322: 6321: 6314: 6309: 6305: 6300: 6296: 6291: 6282: 6255:Policy Sciences 6252: 6251: 6247: 6232: 6231: 6227: 6217: 6215: 6202: 6201: 6197: 6192:Wayback Machine 6179: 6170: 6160: 6158: 6145: 6144: 6140: 6136:25: pp. 185–213 6131: 6127: 6121:Wayback Machine 6111: 6107: 6097: 6095: 6066:(1): S95–S120. 6053: 6052: 6048: 6038: 6036: 6023: 6022: 6015: 6005: 6003: 5992:"Civil Society" 5990: 5989: 5985: 5975: 5973: 5960: 5959: 5948: 5938: 5936: 5922: 5921: 5917: 5907: 5905: 5855: 5854: 5847: 5837: 5835: 5828: 5805: 5804: 5800: 5790: 5788: 5774: 5773: 5769: 5759: 5757: 5739: 5738: 5731: 5721: 5719: 5696:10.2307/1149558 5684:"Civil Society" 5681: 5680: 5673: 5663: 5661: 5648: 5647: 5643: 5637:Wayback Machine 5628: 5624: 5614: 5612: 5603: 5602: 5598: 5587:|magazine= 5584: 5574: 5567: 5566: 5562: 5552: 5550: 5537: 5536: 5529: 5495: 5494: 5490: 5480: 5478: 5463:10.2307/1149558 5451:"Civil Society" 5448: 5447: 5443: 5433: 5431: 5426: 5425: 5421: 5379: 5378: 5374: 5364: 5362: 5320: 5319: 5315: 5292:10.2307/1149329 5277: 5276: 5272: 5262: 5260: 5246: 5245: 5241: 5231: 5229: 5215: 5214: 5207: 5197: 5195: 5153: 5152: 5143: 5133: 5131: 5116:10.2307/1149558 5110:(1999): 18–29. 5100:"Civil Society" 5097: 5096: 5092: 5075: 5068: 5066: 5051: 5036: 5035: 5031: 5021: 5019: 5005: 5004: 5000: 4983: 4979: 4964: 4963: 4956: 4946: 4944: 4912: 4911: 4907: 4897: 4895: 4880:10.2307/1149329 4865: 4864: 4860: 4850: 4848: 4798: 4797: 4790: 4775: 4760: 4759: 4755: 4750: 4743: 4730:Wayback Machine 4719: 4715: 4707: 4692: 4687: 4686: 4675: 4666: 4653: 4644: 4640: 4631: 4627: 4618: 4614: 4605: 4601: 4592: 4588: 4579: 4575: 4565: 4564: 4560: 4550: 4548: 4535: 4534: 4530: 4520: 4518: 4505: 4504: 4500: 4495:Wayback Machine 4483: 4479: 4474: 4469: 4464: 4430:Michael O'Neill 4400:Barry Dean Karl 4385:JĂŒrgen Habermas 4355:Michael Edwards 4330:Benjamin Barber 4305: 4300: 4226:Non-state actor 4146:Civil liberties 4091:Portal:Politics 4086: 4081: 3978:activist groups 3961: 3950: 3944: 3941: 3926: 3914: 3910: 3903: 3890:JĂŒrgen Habermas 3887: 3822:1956 revolution 3814: 3801:Antonio Gramsci 3764: 3731: 3700:Politics portal 3698: 3693: 3692: 3668: 3660: 3659: 3625:JosĂ© PĂ©rez AdĂĄn 3620:Stephen Marglin 3595:William Galston 3570:Benjamin Barber 3560: 3552: 3551: 3547:Value pluralism 3537:Positive rights 3522: 3498: 3463:state of nature 3449:social contract 3438:moral authority 3410: 3377:The concept of 3332: 3319: 3281: 3276: 3275: 3194: 3186: 3185: 3089: 3081: 3080: 2966:Trienio Liberal 2907: 2899: 2898: 2893: 2883: 2873: 2863: 2853: 2843: 2833: 2823: 2813: 2803: 2793: 2783: 2773: 2763: 2754: 2746: 2745: 2481:Flynn (Stephen) 2366: 2358: 2357: 2198: 2190: 2189: 2115: 2107: 2106: 2062: 2054: 2053: 2049:Social equality 2044:Social contract 2034:Self-governance 1989:Democratization 1964:Anti-corruption 1959:Anti-monarchism 1954: 1938:Politics series 1931: 1877: 1834: 1814: 1801: 1776:Weimar Republic 1758:More recently, 1707: 1589: 1526: 1488: 1486: 1474: 1467: 1466: 1437: 1427: 1426: 1425: 1424: 1188:von Böhm-Bawerk 1076: 1065: 1064: 826: 818: 817: 773:Economic growth 763: 755: 754: 696: 694:classifications 635: 597: 592: 591: 522: 521: 512: 511: 469: 468: 459: 458: 427: 426: 417: 416: 412:Public interest 397:Domestic policy 387: 380: 379: 368: 367: 332: 325: 324: 313: 312: 274: 267: 260: 253: 245: 244: 235: 234: 140: 139: 128: 127: 83: 82: 73: 42:Politics series 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 6954: 6952: 6944: 6943: 6938: 6936:Social economy 6933: 6928: 6918: 6917: 6914: 6913: 6906: 6897: 6885: 6873: 6867: 6861: 6855: 6849: 6844: 6835: 6829: 6824: 6818: 6813: 6799: 6798:External links 6796: 6794: 6793: 6779: 6770: 6761: 6752: 6747:Tvedt, Terje. 6745: 6738: 6728: 6713: 6698: 6689: 6674: 6667: 6660: 6650: 6632: 6621:Early Writings 6617: 6602: 6600: 6597: 6594: 6593: 6584: 6571: 6535: 6526: 6517: 6508: 6489: 6476: 6433: 6420: 6403: 6379: 6372: 6354: 6335: 6312: 6303: 6301:O'Connell 1999 6294: 6280: 6261:(2): 161–185. 6245: 6225: 6195: 6168: 6138: 6125: 6105: 6072:10.1086/228943 6046: 6013: 5983: 5946: 5915: 5868:(3): 401–429. 5862:World Politics 5845: 5826: 5798: 5767: 5729: 5690:(117): 18–29. 5688:Foreign Policy 5671: 5641: 5622: 5596: 5560: 5527: 5508:(3): 401–429. 5502:World Politics 5488: 5457:(117): 18–29. 5455:Foreign Policy 5441: 5419: 5372: 5333:(2): 201–214. 5313: 5286:(107): 11–18. 5284:Foreign Policy 5270: 5239: 5205: 5166:(3): 401–429. 5160:World Politics 5141: 5104:Foreign Policy 5090: 5049: 5029: 4998: 4977: 4954: 4905: 4874:(107): 11–18. 4872:Foreign Policy 4858: 4811:(1): 128–154. 4788: 4773: 4753: 4741: 4713: 4673: 4651: 4638: 4632:Jean L. Cohen, 4625: 4619:Michael Davis, 4612: 4599: 4593:Jean L. Cohen, 4586: 4573: 4570:. p. 239. 4558: 4528: 4511:Dictionary.com 4498: 4476: 4475: 4473: 4470: 4468: 4465: 4463: 4462: 4457: 4452: 4450:Charles Taylor 4447: 4445:Michael Sandel 4442: 4437: 4432: 4427: 4422: 4420:Frank Moulaert 4417: 4412: 4407: 4402: 4397: 4392: 4387: 4382: 4377: 4375:Ernest Gellner 4372: 4367: 4365:Amitai Etzioni 4362: 4357: 4352: 4347: 4342: 4337: 4332: 4327: 4322: 4317: 4315:Helmut Anheier 4312: 4306: 4304: 4301: 4299: 4298: 4293: 4288: 4283: 4278: 4273: 4268: 4263: 4261:Social economy 4258: 4256:Social capital 4253: 4248: 4243: 4238: 4233: 4228: 4223: 4218: 4213: 4208: 4203: 4198: 4193: 4188: 4183: 4178: 4173: 4168: 4163: 4158: 4153: 4151:Civil religion 4148: 4143: 4138: 4133: 4128: 4123: 4118: 4113: 4108: 4103: 4098: 4093: 4087: 4085: 4082: 4080: 4079: 4074: 4069: 4067:support groups 4064: 4059: 4054: 4049: 4044: 4039: 4033: 4027: 4021: 4016: 4011: 4006: 4001: 3996: 3991: 3985: 3980: 3975: 3969: 3963: 3962: 3917: 3915: 3908: 3902: 3899: 3892:said that the 3886: 3883: 3813: 3810: 3738:G. W. F. Hegel 3733: 3732: 3730: 3729: 3722: 3715: 3707: 3704: 3703: 3695: 3694: 3691: 3690: 3685: 3680: 3675: 3669: 3667:Related topics 3666: 3665: 3662: 3661: 3658: 3657: 3655:Michael Walzer 3652: 3650:Charles Taylor 3647: 3645:Michael Sandel 3642: 3637: 3632: 3630:Costanzo Preve 3627: 3622: 3617: 3612: 3610:Mark Kuczewski 3607: 3602: 3597: 3592: 3590:Amitai Etzioni 3587: 3582: 3577: 3572: 3567: 3561: 3558: 3557: 3554: 3553: 3550: 3549: 3544: 3542:Social capital 3539: 3534: 3529: 3523: 3520: 3519: 3516: 3515: 3509: 3508: 3497: 3496:Modern history 3494: 3409: 3406: 3331: 3328: 3321: 3320: 3318: 3317: 3310: 3303: 3295: 3292: 3291: 3278: 3277: 3274: 3273: 3268: 3263: 3258: 3251: 3246: 3241: 3236: 3231: 3226: 3221: 3219:Egalitarianism 3216: 3211: 3206: 3201: 3195: 3193:Related topics 3192: 3191: 3188: 3187: 3184: 3183: 3178: 3177: 3176: 3171: 3164:United Kingdom 3161: 3156: 3151: 3146: 3141: 3136: 3131: 3126: 3121: 3116: 3111: 3106: 3101: 3096: 3090: 3087: 3086: 3083: 3082: 3079: 3078: 3073: 3068: 3063: 3058: 3053: 3048: 3043: 3038: 3033: 3028: 3023: 3018: 3013: 3008: 3003: 2998: 2993: 2988: 2983: 2978: 2973: 2968: 2963: 2958: 2953: 2948: 2946:Dutch Republic 2943: 2938: 2933: 2928: 2923: 2914: 2912:Roman Republic 2908: 2905: 2904: 2901: 2900: 2897: 2896: 2886: 2876: 2866: 2856: 2846: 2836: 2826: 2816: 2806: 2796: 2786: 2776: 2766: 2755: 2752: 2751: 2748: 2747: 2744: 2743: 2738: 2733: 2728: 2723: 2718: 2713: 2708: 2703: 2698: 2693: 2688: 2683: 2678: 2673: 2668: 2663: 2658: 2653: 2648: 2643: 2638: 2633: 2628: 2623: 2618: 2613: 2608: 2603: 2598: 2593: 2588: 2583: 2578: 2573: 2568: 2563: 2558: 2553: 2548: 2543: 2538: 2533: 2528: 2523: 2518: 2513: 2508: 2503: 2498: 2493: 2488: 2483: 2478: 2473: 2468: 2463: 2458: 2453: 2448: 2443: 2438: 2433: 2428: 2423: 2418: 2413: 2408: 2403: 2398: 2393: 2388: 2383: 2378: 2373: 2367: 2364: 2363: 2360: 2359: 2356: 2355: 2353:Wollstonecraft 2350: 2345: 2340: 2335: 2330: 2325: 2320: 2315: 2310: 2305: 2300: 2295: 2290: 2285: 2280: 2275: 2270: 2265: 2260: 2255: 2250: 2245: 2240: 2235: 2230: 2225: 2220: 2215: 2210: 2205: 2199: 2196: 2195: 2192: 2191: 2188: 2187: 2182: 2177: 2172: 2167: 2162: 2157: 2152: 2147: 2142: 2137: 2132: 2127: 2122: 2116: 2113: 2112: 2109: 2108: 2105: 2104: 2099: 2094: 2089: 2084: 2079: 2074: 2069: 2063: 2060: 2059: 2056: 2055: 2052: 2051: 2046: 2041: 2036: 2031: 2026: 2021: 2016: 2011: 2006: 2001: 1996: 1991: 1986: 1981: 1976: 1971: 1966: 1961: 1955: 1952: 1951: 1948: 1947: 1941: 1940: 1930: 1927: 1876: 1873: 1849:budget process 1839:is a field of 1833: 1830: 1813: 1810: 1800: 1797: 1781:1932 elections 1745:Gabriel Almond 1729:G. W. F. Hegel 1706: 1703: 1674:Leonardo Bruni 1672:into Latin by 1654:zƍon politikĂłn 1650:Î¶áż·ÎżÎœ Ï€ÎżÎ»ÎčτÎčÎșόΜ 1605:in the phrase 1588: 1585: 1559:private sphere 1528: 1527: 1525: 1524: 1517: 1510: 1502: 1499: 1498: 1497: 1496: 1484: 1469: 1468: 1465: 1464: 1459: 1449: 1444: 1438: 1433: 1432: 1429: 1428: 1423: 1422: 1415: 1410: 1405: 1400: 1395: 1390: 1385: 1380: 1375: 1370: 1365: 1360: 1355: 1350: 1345: 1340: 1335: 1330: 1325: 1320: 1315: 1310: 1305: 1300: 1295: 1290: 1285: 1280: 1275: 1270: 1265: 1260: 1255: 1250: 1245: 1240: 1235: 1230: 1225: 1220: 1215: 1210: 1205: 1200: 1195: 1190: 1185: 1180: 1175: 1170: 1165: 1160: 1155: 1150: 1145: 1140: 1135: 1130: 1125: 1120: 1115: 1110: 1105: 1100: 1095: 1090: 1085: 1079: 1078: 1077: 1071: 1070: 1067: 1066: 1063: 1062: 1057: 1052: 1047: 1042: 1037: 1032: 1027: 1022: 1017: 1008: 1003: 998: 993: 988: 983: 981:Organizational 978: 973: 968: 963: 958: 953: 948: 943: 938: 933: 928: 923: 918: 913: 908: 903: 898: 893: 888: 883: 878: 873: 868: 863: 858: 853: 848: 843: 838: 833: 827: 825:By application 824: 823: 820: 819: 816: 815: 810: 805: 800: 795: 790: 785: 780: 775: 770: 764: 761: 760: 757: 756: 753: 752: 747: 742: 737: 732: 727: 718: 713: 708: 703: 697: 691: 690: 687: 686: 685: 684: 679: 674: 666: 665: 657: 656: 650: 649: 637: 636: 634: 633: 626: 619: 611: 608: 607: 594: 593: 590: 589: 584: 579: 574: 569: 568: 567: 551: 546: 541: 540: 539: 529: 523: 519: 518: 517: 514: 513: 510: 509: 504: 499: 494: 489: 476: 470: 467:Related topics 466: 465: 464: 461: 460: 457: 456: 451: 446: 441: 435: 434: 428: 424: 423: 422: 419: 418: 415: 414: 409: 404: 402:Foreign policy 399: 394: 381: 375: 374: 373: 370: 369: 366: 365: 364: 363: 349: 344: 339: 326: 320: 319: 318: 315: 314: 311: 310: 305: 300: 298:Policy studies 295: 290: 285: 280: 275: 263: 261: 249: 246: 242: 241: 240: 237: 236: 233: 232: 227: 222: 217: 212: 207: 202: 197: 192: 187: 182: 177: 172: 167: 162: 157: 152: 147: 141: 135: 134: 133: 130: 129: 126: 125: 120: 115: 110: 105: 100: 95: 90: 84: 81:Primary topics 80: 79: 78: 75: 74: 72: 71: 66: 61: 55: 52: 51: 45: 44: 26: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 6953: 6942: 6939: 6937: 6934: 6932: 6929: 6927: 6926:Civil society 6924: 6923: 6921: 6911: 6910:special issue 6907: 6905: 6901: 6898: 6896: 6892: 6889: 6886: 6884: 6880: 6877: 6874: 6871: 6868: 6865: 6862: 6859: 6856: 6853: 6850: 6848: 6845: 6843: 6842:Civil Society 6839: 6836: 6833: 6830: 6828: 6825: 6822: 6819: 6817: 6814: 6812: 6808: 6805: 6802: 6801: 6797: 6792: 6788: 6784: 6780: 6778: 6775: 6771: 6769: 6766: 6762: 6760: 6757: 6753: 6750: 6746: 6743: 6739: 6737: 6733: 6729: 6726: 6725:0-9583885-8-X 6722: 6718: 6714: 6711: 6710:0-87451-924-1 6707: 6703: 6699: 6697: 6696: 6690: 6687: 6683: 6679: 6678:Civil Society 6675: 6672: 6668: 6665: 6661: 6658: 6654: 6651: 6648: 6647:0-7456-3133-9 6644: 6640: 6639:Civil Society 6636: 6633: 6630: 6626: 6622: 6618: 6616: 6615:0-8047-5097-1 6612: 6608: 6604: 6603: 6598: 6588: 6585: 6581: 6575: 6572: 6567: 6561: 6545: 6539: 6536: 6530: 6527: 6521: 6518: 6512: 6509: 6505: 6504: 6499: 6493: 6490: 6486: 6480: 6477: 6472: 6468: 6464: 6460: 6456: 6452: 6448: 6444: 6437: 6434: 6430: 6424: 6421: 6417: 6416:Allen W. Wood 6413: 6407: 6404: 6401: 6397: 6394: 6391: 6390: 6383: 6380: 6375: 6373:9788170364764 6369: 6365: 6358: 6355: 6342: 6338: 6336:9780719049309 6332: 6328: 6327: 6319: 6317: 6313: 6310:Brown 2001:70 6307: 6304: 6298: 6295: 6289: 6287: 6285: 6281: 6276: 6272: 6268: 6264: 6260: 6256: 6249: 6246: 6241: 6237: 6236: 6229: 6226: 6213: 6209: 6205: 6199: 6196: 6193: 6189: 6186: 6183: 6177: 6175: 6173: 6169: 6156: 6152: 6148: 6142: 6139: 6135: 6129: 6126: 6122: 6118: 6115: 6109: 6106: 6093: 6089: 6085: 6081: 6077: 6073: 6069: 6065: 6061: 6057: 6050: 6047: 6034: 6030: 6026: 6020: 6018: 6014: 6001: 5997: 5993: 5987: 5984: 5971: 5967: 5963: 5957: 5955: 5953: 5951: 5947: 5934: 5930: 5926: 5919: 5916: 5903: 5899: 5895: 5891: 5887: 5883: 5879: 5875: 5871: 5867: 5863: 5859: 5852: 5850: 5846: 5833: 5829: 5823: 5819: 5815: 5811: 5810: 5802: 5799: 5786: 5782: 5778: 5771: 5768: 5755: 5751: 5747: 5743: 5736: 5734: 5730: 5717: 5713: 5709: 5705: 5701: 5697: 5693: 5689: 5685: 5678: 5676: 5672: 5659: 5655: 5651: 5645: 5642: 5638: 5634: 5631: 5626: 5623: 5610: 5606: 5600: 5597: 5592: 5579: 5578:cite magazine 5571: 5564: 5561: 5548: 5544: 5540: 5534: 5532: 5528: 5523: 5519: 5515: 5511: 5507: 5503: 5499: 5492: 5489: 5476: 5472: 5468: 5464: 5460: 5456: 5452: 5445: 5442: 5429: 5423: 5420: 5415: 5411: 5407: 5403: 5399: 5395: 5391: 5387: 5383: 5376: 5373: 5360: 5356: 5352: 5348: 5344: 5340: 5336: 5332: 5328: 5324: 5317: 5314: 5309: 5305: 5301: 5297: 5293: 5289: 5285: 5281: 5274: 5271: 5258: 5254: 5250: 5243: 5240: 5227: 5223: 5219: 5212: 5210: 5206: 5193: 5189: 5185: 5181: 5177: 5173: 5169: 5165: 5161: 5157: 5150: 5148: 5146: 5142: 5129: 5125: 5121: 5117: 5113: 5109: 5105: 5101: 5094: 5091: 5086: 5080: 5064: 5060: 5056: 5052: 5050:0-691-07889-0 5046: 5042: 5041: 5033: 5030: 5017: 5013: 5009: 5002: 4999: 4994: 4988: 4980: 4978:0-691-07889-0 4974: 4970: 4969: 4961: 4959: 4955: 4942: 4938: 4934: 4929: 4924: 4920: 4916: 4909: 4906: 4893: 4889: 4885: 4881: 4877: 4873: 4869: 4862: 4859: 4846: 4842: 4838: 4834: 4830: 4826: 4822: 4818: 4814: 4810: 4806: 4802: 4795: 4793: 4789: 4784: 4780: 4776: 4774:0-8090-7656-X 4770: 4766: 4765: 4757: 4754: 4748: 4746: 4742: 4738: 4737: 4732: 4731: 4727: 4724: 4717: 4714: 4706: 4702: 4698: 4691: 4684: 4682: 4680: 4678: 4674: 4670: 4664: 4662: 4660: 4658: 4656: 4652: 4648: 4642: 4639: 4635: 4629: 4626: 4622: 4616: 4613: 4609: 4603: 4600: 4596: 4590: 4587: 4583: 4577: 4574: 4569: 4562: 4559: 4546: 4542: 4538: 4532: 4529: 4516: 4512: 4508: 4502: 4499: 4496: 4492: 4489:civilsoc.org 4488: 4487: 4481: 4478: 4471: 4466: 4461: 4458: 4456: 4453: 4451: 4448: 4446: 4443: 4441: 4438: 4436: 4435:Elinor Ostrom 4433: 4431: 4428: 4426: 4423: 4421: 4418: 4416: 4415:John W. Meyer 4413: 4411: 4408: 4406: 4403: 4401: 4398: 4396: 4393: 4391: 4388: 4386: 4383: 4381: 4378: 4376: 4373: 4371: 4368: 4366: 4363: 4361: 4358: 4356: 4353: 4351: 4350:Jean L. Cohen 4348: 4346: 4343: 4341: 4338: 4336: 4333: 4331: 4328: 4326: 4325:Phillip Blond 4323: 4321: 4318: 4316: 4313: 4311: 4308: 4307: 4302: 4297: 4294: 4292: 4289: 4287: 4284: 4282: 4279: 4277: 4274: 4272: 4269: 4267: 4264: 4262: 4259: 4257: 4254: 4252: 4249: 4247: 4244: 4242: 4239: 4237: 4234: 4232: 4229: 4227: 4224: 4222: 4219: 4217: 4214: 4212: 4209: 4207: 4204: 4202: 4199: 4197: 4196:Global civics 4194: 4192: 4189: 4187: 4184: 4182: 4179: 4177: 4174: 4172: 4169: 4167: 4164: 4162: 4159: 4157: 4154: 4152: 4149: 4147: 4144: 4142: 4139: 4137: 4134: 4132: 4131:Civil affairs 4129: 4127: 4124: 4122: 4119: 4117: 4114: 4112: 4109: 4107: 4104: 4102: 4099: 4097: 4094: 4092: 4089: 4088: 4083: 4078: 4075: 4073: 4070: 4068: 4065: 4063: 4060: 4058: 4055: 4053: 4050: 4048: 4045: 4043: 4040: 4037: 4034: 4031: 4028: 4025: 4022: 4020: 4017: 4015: 4012: 4010: 4007: 4005: 4002: 4000: 3997: 3995: 3992: 3989: 3986: 3984: 3981: 3979: 3976: 3974: 3971: 3970: 3968: 3959: 3956: 3948: 3938: 3934: 3930: 3924: 3923: 3918:This section 3916: 3907: 3906: 3900: 3898: 3895: 3894:public sphere 3891: 3884: 3882: 3879: 3875: 3870: 3865: 3862: 3858: 3853: 3851: 3850:welfare state 3847: 3844: 3840: 3836: 3827: 3826:PetƑfi SĂĄndor 3823: 3818: 3811: 3809: 3806: 3802: 3797: 3794: 3790: 3787: 3783: 3779: 3775: 3771: 3767: 3761: 3759: 3755: 3751: 3747: 3743: 3739: 3728: 3723: 3721: 3716: 3714: 3709: 3708: 3706: 3705: 3701: 3697: 3696: 3689: 3686: 3684: 3683:Republicanism 3681: 3679: 3676: 3674: 3671: 3670: 3664: 3663: 3656: 3653: 3651: 3648: 3646: 3643: 3641: 3638: 3636: 3633: 3631: 3628: 3626: 3623: 3621: 3618: 3616: 3613: 3611: 3608: 3606: 3603: 3601: 3598: 3596: 3593: 3591: 3588: 3586: 3585:Phillip Blond 3583: 3581: 3578: 3576: 3573: 3571: 3568: 3566: 3563: 3562: 3556: 3555: 3548: 3545: 3543: 3540: 3538: 3535: 3533: 3530: 3528: 3527:Civil society 3525: 3524: 3518: 3517: 3514: 3510: 3506: 3502: 3501: 3495: 3493: 3490: 3489:Immanuel Kant 3486: 3481: 3477: 3474: 3470: 3468: 3464: 3459: 3458:Thomas Hobbes 3455: 3454:positive laws 3450: 3446: 3441: 3439: 3434: 3433:Enlightenment 3429: 3427: 3423: 3419: 3415: 3407: 3405: 3403: 3399: 3395: 3391: 3386: 3384: 3380: 3375: 3373: 3369: 3367: 3362: 3358: 3354: 3350: 3346: 3341: 3337: 3329: 3327: 3316: 3311: 3309: 3304: 3302: 3297: 3296: 3294: 3293: 3290: 3285: 3280: 3279: 3272: 3269: 3267: 3264: 3262: 3259: 3257: 3256: 3252: 3250: 3247: 3245: 3242: 3240: 3237: 3235: 3232: 3230: 3227: 3225: 3222: 3220: 3217: 3215: 3212: 3210: 3207: 3205: 3202: 3200: 3197: 3196: 3190: 3189: 3182: 3181:United States 3179: 3175: 3172: 3170: 3167: 3166: 3165: 3162: 3160: 3157: 3155: 3152: 3150: 3147: 3145: 3142: 3140: 3137: 3135: 3132: 3130: 3127: 3125: 3122: 3120: 3117: 3115: 3112: 3110: 3107: 3105: 3102: 3100: 3097: 3095: 3092: 3091: 3085: 3084: 3077: 3074: 3072: 3069: 3067: 3064: 3062: 3059: 3057: 3056:Metapolitefsi 3054: 3052: 3049: 3047: 3044: 3042: 3039: 3037: 3034: 3032: 3029: 3027: 3024: 3022: 3019: 3017: 3014: 3012: 3009: 3007: 3004: 3002: 2999: 2997: 2994: 2992: 2989: 2987: 2984: 2982: 2979: 2977: 2974: 2972: 2969: 2967: 2964: 2962: 2959: 2957: 2954: 2952: 2949: 2947: 2944: 2942: 2939: 2937: 2934: 2932: 2929: 2927: 2924: 2922: 2920: 2915: 2913: 2910: 2909: 2903: 2902: 2892: 2891: 2890:On Revolution 2887: 2882: 2881: 2877: 2872: 2871: 2867: 2862: 2861: 2860:Rights of Man 2857: 2852: 2851: 2847: 2842: 2841: 2837: 2832: 2831: 2827: 2822: 2821: 2817: 2812: 2811: 2807: 2802: 2801: 2797: 2792: 2791: 2787: 2782: 2781: 2777: 2772: 2771: 2770:De re publica 2767: 2762: 2761: 2757: 2756: 2750: 2749: 2742: 2739: 2737: 2734: 2732: 2729: 2727: 2724: 2722: 2719: 2717: 2714: 2712: 2709: 2707: 2704: 2702: 2699: 2697: 2694: 2692: 2689: 2687: 2684: 2682: 2679: 2677: 2674: 2672: 2669: 2667: 2664: 2662: 2659: 2657: 2654: 2652: 2649: 2647: 2644: 2642: 2639: 2637: 2634: 2632: 2629: 2627: 2624: 2622: 2619: 2617: 2614: 2612: 2609: 2607: 2604: 2602: 2599: 2597: 2594: 2592: 2589: 2587: 2584: 2582: 2579: 2577: 2576:Jones (Lynne) 2574: 2572: 2569: 2567: 2564: 2562: 2559: 2557: 2554: 2552: 2549: 2547: 2544: 2542: 2539: 2537: 2534: 2532: 2529: 2527: 2524: 2522: 2519: 2517: 2514: 2512: 2509: 2507: 2504: 2502: 2499: 2497: 2494: 2492: 2489: 2487: 2484: 2482: 2479: 2477: 2474: 2472: 2469: 2467: 2464: 2462: 2459: 2457: 2454: 2452: 2449: 2447: 2444: 2442: 2439: 2437: 2434: 2432: 2429: 2427: 2424: 2422: 2419: 2417: 2414: 2412: 2409: 2407: 2404: 2402: 2399: 2397: 2394: 2392: 2389: 2387: 2384: 2382: 2379: 2377: 2374: 2372: 2371:Adams (Gerry) 2369: 2368: 2362: 2361: 2354: 2351: 2349: 2346: 2344: 2341: 2339: 2336: 2334: 2331: 2329: 2326: 2324: 2321: 2319: 2316: 2314: 2311: 2309: 2306: 2304: 2301: 2299: 2296: 2294: 2291: 2289: 2286: 2284: 2281: 2279: 2276: 2274: 2271: 2269: 2266: 2264: 2261: 2259: 2256: 2254: 2251: 2249: 2246: 2244: 2241: 2239: 2236: 2234: 2231: 2229: 2226: 2224: 2221: 2219: 2216: 2214: 2211: 2209: 2206: 2204: 2201: 2200: 2194: 2193: 2186: 2183: 2181: 2178: 2176: 2173: 2171: 2170:Revolutionary 2168: 2166: 2163: 2161: 2160:Parliamentary 2158: 2156: 2153: 2151: 2148: 2146: 2143: 2141: 2138: 2136: 2133: 2131: 2128: 2126: 2123: 2121: 2118: 2117: 2111: 2110: 2103: 2100: 2098: 2095: 2093: 2090: 2088: 2085: 2083: 2080: 2078: 2075: 2073: 2070: 2068: 2065: 2064: 2058: 2057: 2050: 2047: 2045: 2042: 2040: 2037: 2035: 2032: 2030: 2027: 2025: 2022: 2020: 2017: 2015: 2012: 2010: 2007: 2005: 2002: 2000: 1997: 1995: 1992: 1990: 1987: 1985: 1982: 1980: 1977: 1975: 1972: 1970: 1969:Civil society 1967: 1965: 1962: 1960: 1957: 1956: 1950: 1949: 1946: 1945:Republicanism 1942: 1939: 1935: 1934: 1928: 1926: 1922: 1920: 1915: 1913: 1909: 1908:globalization 1904: 1902: 1898: 1897:globalization 1894: 1893:globalization 1890: 1889:civil society 1881: 1874: 1872: 1870: 1866: 1862: 1858: 1854: 1850: 1846: 1842: 1838: 1831: 1829: 1827: 1822: 1818: 1811: 1809: 1805: 1798: 1796: 1792: 1788: 1784: 1782: 1777: 1773: 1769: 1764: 1761: 1756: 1752: 1750: 1746: 1742: 1738: 1734: 1730: 1726: 1725: 1720: 1719:Adam Ferguson 1716: 1712: 1704: 1702: 1700: 1696: 1691: 1687: 1683: 1679: 1675: 1671: 1667: 1663: 1659: 1655: 1646: 1636: 1632: 1631: 1626: 1622: 1618: 1608: 1604: 1603:civil society 1600: 1596: 1595: 1586: 1584: 1582: 1578: 1577: 1572: 1571:civil society 1567: 1564: 1563:civil society 1560: 1556: 1552: 1548: 1544: 1543:Civil society 1536: 1532: 1523: 1518: 1516: 1511: 1509: 1504: 1503: 1501: 1500: 1495: 1485: 1483: 1478: 1473: 1472: 1471: 1470: 1463: 1460: 1457: 1453: 1450: 1448: 1445: 1443: 1440: 1439: 1436: 1431: 1430: 1421: 1420: 1416: 1414: 1411: 1409: 1406: 1404: 1401: 1399: 1396: 1394: 1391: 1389: 1386: 1384: 1381: 1379: 1376: 1374: 1371: 1369: 1366: 1364: 1361: 1359: 1356: 1354: 1351: 1349: 1346: 1344: 1341: 1339: 1336: 1334: 1331: 1329: 1326: 1324: 1321: 1319: 1316: 1314: 1311: 1309: 1306: 1304: 1301: 1299: 1296: 1294: 1291: 1289: 1286: 1284: 1281: 1279: 1276: 1274: 1271: 1269: 1266: 1264: 1261: 1259: 1256: 1254: 1251: 1249: 1246: 1244: 1241: 1239: 1236: 1234: 1231: 1229: 1226: 1224: 1221: 1219: 1216: 1214: 1211: 1209: 1206: 1204: 1201: 1199: 1196: 1194: 1191: 1189: 1186: 1184: 1181: 1179: 1176: 1174: 1171: 1169: 1166: 1164: 1161: 1159: 1156: 1154: 1151: 1149: 1146: 1144: 1141: 1139: 1136: 1134: 1131: 1129: 1126: 1124: 1121: 1119: 1116: 1114: 1111: 1109: 1106: 1104: 1101: 1099: 1096: 1094: 1091: 1089: 1086: 1084: 1083:de Mandeville 1081: 1080: 1075: 1069: 1068: 1061: 1058: 1056: 1053: 1051: 1048: 1046: 1043: 1041: 1038: 1036: 1033: 1031: 1028: 1026: 1023: 1021: 1018: 1016: 1012: 1011:Public choice 1009: 1007: 1004: 1002: 999: 997: 994: 992: 989: 987: 986:Participation 984: 982: 979: 977: 974: 972: 969: 967: 964: 962: 959: 957: 954: 952: 949: 947: 946:Institutional 944: 942: 939: 937: 934: 932: 929: 927: 924: 922: 919: 917: 914: 912: 909: 907: 904: 902: 899: 897: 896:Expeditionary 894: 892: 889: 887: 886:Environmental 884: 882: 879: 877: 874: 872: 869: 867: 864: 862: 859: 857: 854: 852: 849: 847: 844: 842: 839: 837: 834: 832: 829: 828: 822: 821: 814: 811: 809: 806: 804: 801: 799: 796: 794: 791: 789: 786: 784: 781: 779: 776: 774: 771: 769: 766: 765: 759: 758: 751: 748: 746: 743: 741: 738: 736: 733: 731: 728: 726: 722: 719: 717: 716:International 714: 712: 709: 707: 704: 702: 699: 698: 695: 692:Branches and 689: 688: 683: 680: 678: 675: 673: 670: 669: 668: 667: 663: 659: 658: 655: 651: 647: 643: 642: 632: 627: 625: 620: 618: 613: 612: 610: 609: 606: 601: 596: 595: 588: 585: 583: 580: 578: 575: 573: 570: 565: 561: 557: 556: 555: 552: 550: 547: 545: 542: 538: 535: 534: 533: 530: 528: 525: 524: 516: 515: 508: 505: 503: 500: 498: 495: 493: 490: 488: 484: 480: 477: 475: 472: 471: 463: 462: 455: 452: 450: 447: 445: 442: 440: 437: 436: 433: 430: 429: 421: 420: 413: 410: 408: 407:Civil society 405: 403: 400: 398: 395: 391: 386: 385:Public policy 383: 382: 378: 372: 371: 361: 357: 353: 352: 350: 348: 345: 343: 340: 336: 331: 328: 327: 323: 317: 316: 309: 306: 304: 301: 299: 296: 294: 291: 289: 286: 284: 281: 279: 276: 271: 266: 262: 257: 252: 248: 247: 239: 238: 231: 228: 226: 223: 221: 218: 216: 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Hegel 3575:Gad Barzilai 3526: 3482: 3478: 3471: 3442: 3430: 3411: 3387: 3378: 3376: 3364: 3333: 3324: 3253: 2888: 2878: 2868: 2858: 2848: 2838: 2828: 2818: 2808: 2798: 2788: 2778: 2768: 2758: 2571:Jones (Elin) 2476:Flynn (Paul) 2436:Clarke (Tom) 2431:Clark (Katy) 2376:Adams (John) 2197:Philosophers 1974:Civic virtue 1968: 1936:Part of the 1923: 1916: 1905: 1888: 1886: 1861:transparency 1835: 1825: 1823: 1819: 1815: 1806: 1802: 1793: 1789: 1785: 1772:Sheri Berman 1765: 1757: 1753: 1749:Sidney Verba 1722: 1708: 1690:VĂĄclav Havel 1685: 1681: 1677: 1669: 1665: 1653: 1644: 1628: 1624: 1616: 1606: 1602: 1592: 1590: 1574: 1570: 1568: 1562: 1542: 1541: 1531: 1452:Publications 1417: 1040:Sociological 1013: / 911:Geographical 891:Evolutionary 866:Digitization 831:Agricultural 735:Mathematical 706:Econometrics 406: 335:street-level 210:Presidential 170:Dictatorship 40:Part of the 6653:Draper, Hal 6582:, 3, 49–55. 6498:V. I. Lenin 5392:(3): 4–17. 4580:Aristotle, 4551:25 November 4395:Mary Kaldor 4335:Daniel Bell 4246:Rule of law 4121:Civic space 4014:foundations 3752:. While in 3445:natural law 3402:Renaissance 3390:Middle Ages 3204:Common good 3144:New Zealand 3139:Netherlands 2884:(1835–1840) 2854:(1787–1788) 2764:(c. 375 BC) 2686:Robespierre 2461:Etherington 2396:Benn (Tony) 2365:Politicians 2343:Tocqueville 2303:Montesquieu 2283:Machiavelli 2029:Rule of law 2024:Res publica 1869:impoundment 1865:rule of law 1686:StĂ€ndestaat 1666:res publica 1619:, like the 1288:von Neumann 941:Information 881:Engineering 861:Development 856:Demographic 798:Game theory 740:Methodology 474:Sovereignty 439:Legislature 342:Technocracy 330:Bureaucracy 195:Meritocracy 175:Directorial 6920:Categories 6629:0140216685 6449:(2): 169. 6347:24 October 6208:NGO Branch 4521:24 January 4467:References 4405:John Keane 4019:News media 3929:improve it 3843:neoliberal 3839:neoliberal 3835:propaganda 3778:civil code 3473:John Locke 3426:absolutism 3244:Monarchism 3234:Liberalism 3229:Jacobinism 2919:Gaáč‡asaáč…gha 2774:(54–51 BC) 2258:Harrington 2135:Democratic 2125:Capitalist 2120:Autonomous 2102:Venizelism 2087:Khomeinism 1699:Solidarity 1635:eudaimonia 1621:city-state 1551:government 1447:Economists 1318:Schumacher 1223:Schumpeter 1193:von Wieser 1113:von ThĂŒnen 1074:economists 1050:Statistics 1045:Solidarity 966:Managerial 931:Humanistic 926:Historical 871:Ecological 836:Behavioral 730:Mainstream 564:Governance 554:Government 549:Federalism 150:City-state 6941:Democracy 6684:, Mainz: 6550:8 October 6471:151968126 6275:143686130 5929:Brookings 5898:145285276 5882:0043-8871 5781:Brookings 5750:0027-8378 5704:0015-7228 5639:Brookings 5522:145285276 5414:153922136 5406:1086-3214 5355:145126824 5347:0192-5121 5300:0015-7228 5188:145285276 5079:cite book 5059:246779019 4987:cite book 4937:1018-5941 4921:(74): 1. 4825:0023-8791 4783:173086879 4472:Citations 4276:Sociology 4211:Judiciary 4186:Democracy 4166:Communism 4101:Anarchism 3983:charities 3933:verifying 3793:Karl Marx 3786:Karl Marx 3766:â€čSee Tfdâ€ș 3565:Aristotle 3467:Leviathan 3394:feudalism 3372:community 3361:Aristotle 3349:dialectic 3099:Australia 2731:Venizelos 2721:Spadolini 2711:Slaughter 2656:McDonnell 2621:Mackenzie 2566:Jefferson 2521:Griffiths 2501:de Gaulle 2496:Garibaldi 2456:Drakeford 2348:Warburton 2268:Jefferson 2263:Honderich 2243:Condorcet 2130:Christian 2092:Nasserism 2067:Classical 1984:Democracy 1841:economics 1826:necessary 1812:Economics 1737:Karl Marx 1705:Democracy 1645:tĂČ eu zēn 1640:τ᜞ Δ᜖ Î¶áż†Îœ 1599:Aristotle 1587:Etymology 1581:normative 1363:Greenspan 1328:Samuelson 1308:Galbraith 1278:Tinbergen 1218:von Mises 1213:Heckscher 1173:Edgeworth 991:Personnel 951:Knowledge 916:Happiness 906:Financial 876:Education 851:Democracy 745:Political 711:Heterodox 654:Economics 544:Unitarism 532:Elections 520:Subseries 449:Judiciary 444:Executive 347:Adhocracy 230:Theocracy 185:Feudalism 165:Democracy 6891:Archived 6879:Archived 6807:Archived 6560:cite web 6463:23619837 6396:Archived 6341:Archived 6212:Archived 6188:Archived 6155:Archived 6117:Archived 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2323:Rousseau 2318:Polybius 2253:Franklin 2233:Chappell 2228:Cattaneo 2165:People's 2150:Imperial 2082:Kemalism 2019:Republic 1953:Concepts 1670:Politics 1662:republic 1594:Politics 1555:business 1456:journals 1442:Glossary 1393:Stiglitz 1358:Rothbard 1338:Buchanan 1323:Friedman 1313:Koopmans 1303:Leontief 1283:Robinson 1168:Marshall 1072:Notable 1020:Regional 996:Planning 971:Monetary 901:Feminist 846:Cultural 841:Business 646:a series 644:Part of 572:Ideology 390:doctrine 351:Service 215:Republic 200:Monarchy 180:Federacy 69:Category 49:Politics 6902:by the 6599:Sources 6161:28 June 6098:3 March 6080:2780243 5939:4 March 5908:3 March 5838:4 March 5791:3 March 5760:4 March 5722:3 March 5712:1149558 5664:3 March 5615:4 March 5481:3 March 5471:1149558 5365:3 March 5308:1149329 5263:3 March 5232:3 March 5198:3 March 5134:3 March 5124:1149558 5069:3 March 5022:3 March 4947:3 March 4898:3 March 4888:1149329 4851:3 March 4733:in the 3927:Please 3742:liberal 3134:Morocco 3124:Jamaica 3119:Ireland 3104:Bahamas 2906:History 2726:Taverne 2701:Skinner 2681:Ritchie 2626:Madison 2606:Lincoln 2556:Jackson 2546:Huppert 2541:Hopkins 2466:Fabiani 2426:Chapman 2411:BolĂ­var 2401:Bennett 2391:Bartley 2381:AtatĂŒrk 2293:Mazzini 2288:Madison 2218:Bentham 2208:Baggini 2175:Secular 2155:Islamic 2140:Federal 2077:Federal 2061:Schools 1929:History 1591:In the 1547:society 1462:Schools 1454: ( 1413:Piketty 1408:Krugman 1273:Kuznets 1263:Kalecki 1238:Polanyi 1128:Cournot 1123:Bastiat 1108:Ricardo 1098:Malthus 1088:Quesnay 1060:Welfare 1030:Service 701:Applied 677:Outline 672:History 577:Culture 487:Country 145:Anarchy 59:Outline 6789:  6744:(2013) 6736:online 6723:  6708:  6673:(2003) 6645:  6627:  6613:  6469:  6461:  6370:  6333:  6273:  6218:4 July 6151:un.org 6086:  6078:  5896:  5888:  5880:  5824:  5748:  5710:  5702:  5520:  5469:  5412:  5404:  5353:  5345:  5306:  5298:  5186:  5178:  5122:  5057:  5047:  4975:  4935:  4886:  4839:  4831:  4823:  4781:  4771:  4116:Civics 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Index

Global civil society
Civic society
Politics series
Politics
Outline
Index
Category
Outline of political science
Index of politics articles
Politics by country
Politics by subdivision
Political economy
Political history
Political history of the world
Political philosophy
Political systems
Anarchy
City-state
Collective leadership
Confessional system
Democracy
Dictatorship
Directorial
Federacy
Feudalism
Hybrid regime
Meritocracy
Monarchy
Parliamentary
Presidential

Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.

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